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Iwasaki Y, Suemori T, Kobayashi Y. Predicting macroinvertebrate average score per taxon (ASPT) at water quality monitoring sites in Japanese rivers. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2024; 31:28538-28548. [PMID: 38561531 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-33053-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Biomonitoring with bioindicators such as river macroinvertebrates is fundamental for assessing the status of freshwater ecosystems. In Japan, water quality and biomonitoring surveys are conducted separately, leading to a lack of nationwide information on their relationships and the biological status of water quality monitoring (WQM) sites. To understand the biological status of WQM sites across Japan, we developed a multiple linear regression model to estimate the average score per taxon (ASPT) using river macroinvertebrate data surveyed at a total of 237 "aligned" sites based on the co-occurrence of biomonitoring and WQM sites. The resulting regression model with eight predictors, such as biological oxygen demand, the proportion of urban areas in the catchment, could predict ASPT with reasonable accuracy (e.g., an error of ±1 for 96% of the aligned data). Using this model, we estimated ASPT values at 2925 WQM sites in rivers nationwide, categorizing them into four levels of river environment quality: "very good" (29% of WQM sites), "good" (50%), "fairly good" (14%), and "not good" (8%). Furthermore, we observed statistically significant correlations (p < 0.05; 0.4 ≤ r ≤ 0.7) between ASPT and all eight macroinvertebrate metrics examined, such as mayfly and stonefly richness, providing ecological implications of changes in ASPT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuichi Iwasaki
- Research Institute of Science for Safety and Sustainability, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 16-1 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8569, Japan.
| | - Tomomi Suemori
- Research Institute of Science for Safety and Sustainability, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 16-1 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8569, Japan
| | - Yuta Kobayashi
- Field Science Center, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-tyo, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
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Suzuki H, Takenaka M, Tojo K. Evolutionary history of a cold-adapted limnephilid caddisfly: Effects of climate change and topography on genetic structure. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2024; 191:107967. [PMID: 38000705 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2023.107967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
The distribution of organisms is influenced by complex factors such as the phylogenetic evolutionary histories of species, the physiological and ecological characteristics of organisms, climate, and geographical and geohistorical features. In this study, we focused on a caddisfly, Asynarchus sachalinensis (Trichoptera: Limnephilidae), which has adapted to cold habitats. From phylogeographic analyses based on the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) and 16S rRNA regions and the nuclear DNA (nDNA) 18S rRNA, 28S rRNA, carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase (CAD), elongation factor-1 alpha (EF1-α), and RNA polymerase II (POLII) regions, two distinct genetic clades were detected. Clade I was shown to be widely distributed from Sakhalin to Honshu, whereas Clade II was only distributed within Honshu. The distributions of these clades overlapped in Honshu. The habitats were located at relatively lower altitudes for Clade I and higher altitudes for Clade II. The divergence time of these clades was estimated to be during the Pleistocene, indicating that repeated climatic changes facilitated distributional shifts. Haplotype network and demographic analyses based on the mtDNA COI region showed contrasting genetic structures in the two clades. It was indicated that the population sizes of Clade I had expanded rapidly in a recent period, whereas Clade II had maintained stable population sizes. The habitats of Clade II were typically isolated and scattered at high altitudes, resulting in restricted migration and dispersal because of their discontinuous "Sky Island" habitats. The habitats of Clade I were located at relatively low altitudes, and it was assumed that the populations were continuous, which resulted in a higher frequency of migration and dispersal between populations. Thus, differences in the spatial scale of the adapted habitats of each clade may have resulted in different patterns of population connectivity and fragmentation associated with repeated climatic changes during the Pleistocene. Our study provided new insight into the distributional patterns of cold-adapted aquatic insects in the Japanese Archipelago. Furthermore, the distributional shifts predicted by ecological niche modeling under future climatic change conditions were different for each clade. Therefore, different principles are required in the assessment of each clade to predict temporal changes in their distributions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirohisa Suzuki
- Division of Mountain and Environmental Science, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Asahi 3-1-1, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-8621, Japan
| | - Masaki Takenaka
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Shinshu University, Asahi 3-1-1, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-8621, Japan; Institute of Mountain Science, Shinshu University, Asahi 3-1-1, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-8621, Japan
| | - Koji Tojo
- Division of Mountain and Environmental Science, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Asahi 3-1-1, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-8621, Japan; Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Shinshu University, Asahi 3-1-1, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-8621, Japan; Institute of Mountain Science, Shinshu University, Asahi 3-1-1, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-8621, Japan.
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Grether GF, Beninde J, Beraut E, Chumchim N, Escalona M, MacDonald ZG, Miller C, Sahasrabudhe R, Shedlock AM, Toffelmier E, Shaffer HB. Reference genome for the American rubyspot damselfly, Hetaerina americana. J Hered 2023; 114:385-394. [PMID: 37195415 PMCID: PMC10287145 DOI: 10.1093/jhered/esad031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Damselflies and dragonflies (Order: Odonata) play important roles in both aquatic and terrestrial food webs and can serve as sentinels of ecosystem health and predictors of population trends in other taxa. The habitat requirements and limited dispersal of lotic damselflies make them especially sensitive to habitat loss and fragmentation. As such, landscape genomic studies of these taxa can help focus conservation efforts on watersheds with high levels of genetic diversity, local adaptation, and even cryptic endemism. Here, as part of the California Conservation Genomics Project (CCGP), we report the first reference genome for the American rubyspot damselfly, Hetaerina americana, a species associated with springs, streams and rivers throughout California. Following the CCGP assembly pipeline, we produced two de novo genome assemblies. The primary assembly includes 1,630,044,487 base pairs, with a contig N50 of 5.4 Mb, a scaffold N50 of 86.2 Mb, and a BUSCO completeness score of 97.6%. This is the seventh Odonata genome to be made publicly available and the first for the subfamily Hetaerininae. This reference genome fills an important phylogenetic gap in our understanding of Odonata genome evolution, and provides a genomic resource for a host of interesting ecological, evolutionary, and conservation questions for which the rubyspot damselfly genus Hetaerina is an important model system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory F Grether
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1606, United States
- La Kretz Center for California Conservation Science, Institute of the Environment and Sustainability, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-7239, United States
| | - Joscha Beninde
- La Kretz Center for California Conservation Science, Institute of the Environment and Sustainability, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-7239, United States
| | - Eric Beraut
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, United States
| | - Noravit Chumchim
- DNA Technologies and Expression Analysis Core Laboratory, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, United States
| | - Merly Escalona
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, United States
| | - Zachary G MacDonald
- La Kretz Center for California Conservation Science, Institute of the Environment and Sustainability, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-7239, United States
| | - Courtney Miller
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1606, United States
- La Kretz Center for California Conservation Science, Institute of the Environment and Sustainability, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-7239, United States
| | - Ruta Sahasrabudhe
- DNA Technologies and Expression Analysis Core Laboratory, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, United States
| | - Andrew M Shedlock
- Department of Biology, College of Charleston, Charleston, SC 29424, United States
| | - Erin Toffelmier
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1606, United States
- La Kretz Center for California Conservation Science, Institute of the Environment and Sustainability, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-7239, United States
| | - H Bradley Shaffer
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1606, United States
- La Kretz Center for California Conservation Science, Institute of the Environment and Sustainability, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-7239, United States
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Cain DJ, Croteau MN, Fuller CC, Beisner KR, Campbell KM, Stoliker DL, Schenk ER. Aquatic insect accumulation of uranium at spring outflows in the Grand Canyon region as influenced by aqueous and sediment geochemistry and biological factors: implications for monitoring. Environ Monit Assess 2023; 195:841. [PMID: 37318641 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-023-11254-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Potential adverse ecological effects of expanded uranium (U) mining within the Grand Canyon region motivated studies to better understand U exposure and risk to endemic species. This study documents U exposures and analyzes geochemical and biological factors affecting U bioaccumulation at spring-fed systems within the Grand Canyon region. The principal objective was to determine if aqueous U was broadly indicative of U accumulated by insect larvae, a dominate fauna. Analyses focused on three widely distributed taxa: Argia sp. (a predatory damselfly), Culicidae (suspension feeding mosquitos), and Limnephilus sp. (a detritivorous caddisfly). The study showed that U accumulated by aquatic insects (and periphyton) generally correlated positively with total dissolved U, although correlations were strongest when based on modeled concentrations of the U-dicarbonato complex, UO2(CO3)2-2, and UO2(OH)2. Sediment metal concentration was a redundant indicator of U bioaccumulation. Neither insect size or U in the gut content of Limnephilus sp. substantially affected correlations between aqueous U and whole-body U concentrations. However, in Limnephilus sp., the gut and its content contained large quantities of U. Estimates of the sediment burden in the gut indicated that sediment was a minor source of U mass but contributed substantially to the total insect weight. As a result, whole-body U concentration would tend to vary inversely with the sediment burden of the gut. The correlations between aqueous U and bioaccumulated U provide an initial relational baseline against which newly acquired data could be evaluated for changes in U exposure during and after mining operations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Cain
- US Geological Survey, 345 Middlefield Road, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA.
| | | | | | | | - Kate M Campbell
- US Geological Survey, Denver Federal Center, Lakewood, CO, 80226, USA
| | | | - Edward R Schenk
- Flagstaff Water Services, 2323 N. Walgreens Dr., Flagstaff, AZ, 86004, USA
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Matsushima R, Yokoi T. Eggs in faeces: defensive mechanisms and effects of faecal coating by a water scavenger beetle, Coelostoma stultum (Coleopterea: Hydrophilidae). Naturwissenschaften 2023; 110:29. [PMID: 37310545 DOI: 10.1007/s00114-023-01857-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The egg stage in insect development is vulnerable to fluctuations in environmental conditions and attacks by natural enemies. Protective devices are effective means of avoiding both abiotic and biotic damage to eggs. Although some insects use their faeces as a protective device, few studies have focused on using faeces for egg protection, and studies that examined the mechanism are lacking. Females of a water scavenger beetle, Coelostoma stultum, typically lay eggs and coat them with cocoons and their faeces. The efficacy of a double defensive device, however, remains uncertain. Here, we conducted field observations and laboratory experiments to assess the protective effects of cocoons with faecal coating on eggs against predation and determine the duration and mechanisms of this defence. Our findings reveal that the faeces on the egg cocoon protected eggs from predation by the pill bugs, Armadillidium vulgare, and marsh slugs, Deroceras laeve. Laboratory experiments showed that the defensive effect of faecal coating was maintained for three days and decreased daily. The double protective traits with faecal coating on the egg cocoons protected the eggs from instense predation pressure in C. stultum. The behavioural patterns of the pill bugs and egg predation rates indicate that the faecal coating behaviour in C. stultum protects eggs with chemical compounds and textural camouflage in mud when the antennae of the pill bugs touch faeces. It is important to note that for this defence to be effective, the chemistry and texture of the faeces should be similar to that of the oviposition sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryosuke Matsushima
- NIDEK Co., Ltd., Gamagôri, Aichi, 443-0038, Japan.
- Laboratory of Conservation Ecology, Graduate School of Science and Technology, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8572, Japan.
| | - Tomoyuki Yokoi
- Laboratory of Conservation Ecology, Graduate School of Science and Technology, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8572, Japan.
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Schneck F, Bini LM, Melo AS, Petsch DK, Saito VS, Wengrat S, Siqueira T. Catchment scale deforestation increases the uniqueness of subtropical stream communities. Oecologia 2022. [PMID: 35833985 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-022-05215-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/19/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Local communities and individual species jointly contribute to the overall beta diversity in metacommunities. However, it is mostly unknown whether the local contribution (LCBD) and the species contribution (SCBD) to beta diversity can be predicted by local and regional environmental characteristics and by species traits and taxonomic relatedness, respectively. We investigated the LCBD and SCBD of stream benthic diatoms and insects along a gradient of land use intensification, ranging from streams in pristine forests to agricultural catchments in southeast subtropical Brazil. We expected that the LCBD would be negatively related to forest cover and positively related to the most unique streams in terms of environmental characteristics and land use (hereafter environmental and land use uniqueness, respectively). We also expected that species with a high SCBD would occur at sites with reduced forest cover. We found that the LCBD of diatoms and insects was negatively related to forest cover. The LCBD of insects was also positively related to environmental and land use uniqueness. As forest cover was negatively related to uniqueness in land use, biologically unique streams were those that deviated from the typical regional land cover. We also found that diatom traits, insect traits, and taxonomic relatedness partly explained SCBD. Furthermore, the SCBD of diatoms was positively correlated with forest cover, but the inverse was found for insects. We showed that deforestation creates novel and unique communities in subtropical streams and that species that contribute the most to beta diversity can occur at opposite ends of a land use gradient.
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Fletcher DE, Lindell AH, Stankus PT, Fulghum CM, Spivey EA. Species- and element-specific patterns of metal flux from contaminated wetlands versus metals shed with exuviae in emerging dragonflies. Environ Pollut 2022; 300:118976. [PMID: 35150795 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.118976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Dragonfly adults and their aquatic immature stages are important parts of food webs and provide a link between aquatic and terrestrial components. During emergence, contaminants can be exported into terrestrial food webs as immature adults fly away or be shed with their exuviae and remain in the wetland. Our previous work established metals accumulating in dragonfly nymphs throughout a contaminated constructed wetland designed to regulate pH and sequester trace metals from an industrial effluent line. Here, we evaluated the concentration and mass of metals leaving the wetland in flying emergents versus remaining in the wetland with the shed exuviae in 10 species of dragonflies belonging to 8 genera. Nine elements (Cu, Zn, Cd, Mn, V, Mg, Fe, Al, Pb) were evaluated that include essential and nonessential elements as well as trace and major metals. Metal concentrations in the emergent body and exuviae can differ by orders of magnitude. Aluminum, Fe, Mn, and Pb were largely shed in the exuviae. Vanadium and Cd were more variable among species but also tended to be shed with the exuviae. In contrast, Cu, Zn, and Mg showed a higher tendency to leave the wetland with an emerging dragonfly. Metals shed in dragonfly exuviae can moderate the transport of metals from contaminated wetlands. Taxonomic- and metal-specific variability in daily metal flux from the wetland depended upon concentration accumulated, individual body mass, and number of individuals emerging, with each factor's relative importance often differing among species. This illustrates the importance of evaluating the mass of metals in an individual and not only concentrations. Furthermore, differences in numbers of each species emerging will magnify differences in individual metal flux when calculating community metal flux. A better understanding of the variability of metal accumulation in nymphs/larvae and metal shedding during metamorphosis among both metals and species is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dean E Fletcher
- Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, University of Georgia, P. O. Drawer E, Aiken, SC, 29802, USA.
| | - Angela H Lindell
- Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, University of Georgia, P. O. Drawer E, Aiken, SC, 29802, USA.
| | - Paul T Stankus
- Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, University of Georgia, P. O. Drawer E, Aiken, SC, 29802, USA.
| | - Christina M Fulghum
- Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, University of Georgia, P. O. Drawer E, Aiken, SC, 29802, USA.
| | - Erin A Spivey
- Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, University of Georgia, P. O. Drawer E, Aiken, SC, 29802, USA.
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Doherty JF, Poulin R. The return to land: association between hairworm infection and aquatic insect development. Parasitol Res 2022; 121:667-673. [PMID: 35067741 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-021-07410-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Host manipulation by parasites can shape host behaviour, community structure, and the flow of energy through food webs. A well-known example of host manipulation comes from hairworms (phylum Nematomorpha), which somehow cause their terrestrial insect definitive hosts to enter water, a phenomenon that has received lots of attention in recent years. However, little focus has been directed towards the interactions between hairworms and their aquatic insect hosts and the return of dormant hairworms from water to land. Here, we ask whether hairworm cyst infections impact, either directly or indirectly, the life history of their aquatic transport hosts. By observing the development of last-instar Olinga jeanae (Trichoptera: Conoesucidae) caddisfly larvae naturally infected with Gordius-type hairworm cysts under controlled conditions, we found that higher numbers of cysts per infected caddisfly correlated with a decrease in time to pupation. These new observations suggest that, apart from the striking host manipulation that brings the parasite from land to water, the presence of dormant hairworms is associated with changes in the development of their aquatic hosts, either through direct or indirect mechanisms, which may accelerate their transition from water to land.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Robert Poulin
- Department of Zoology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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Jones KK, Humphreys WF, Saccò M, Bertozzi T, Austin AD, Cooper SJ. The critical thermal maximum of diving beetles (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae): a comparison of subterranean and surface-dwelling species. Curr Res Insect Sci 2021; 1:100019. [PMID: 36003597 PMCID: PMC9387432 DOI: 10.1016/j.cris.2021.100019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Revised: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Thermal tolerance limits in animals are often thought to be related to temperature and thermal variation in their environment. Recently, there has been a focus on studying upper thermal limits due to the likelihood for climate change to expose more animals to higher temperatures and potentially extinction. Organisms living in underground environments experience reduced temperatures and thermal variation in comparison to species living in surface habitats, but how these impact their thermal tolerance limits are unclear. In this study, we compare the thermal critical maximum (CTmax) of two subterranean diving beetles (Dytiscidae) to that of three related surface-dwelling species. Our results show that subterranean species have a lower CTmax (38.3-39.0°C) than surface species (42.0-44.5°C). The CTmax of subterranean species is ∼10°C higher than the highest temperature recorded within the aquifer. Groundwater temperature varied between 18.4°C and 28.8°C, and changes with time, depth and distance across the aquifer. Seasonal temperature fluctuations were 0.5°C at a single point, with the maximum heating rate being ∼1000x lower (0.008°C/hour) than that recorded in surface habitats (7.98°C/hour). For surface species, CTmax was 7-10°C higher than the maximum temperature in their habitats, with daily fluctuations from ∼1°C to 16°C and extremes of 6.9°C and 34.9°C. These findings suggest that subterranean dytiscid beetles are unlikely to reach their CTmax with a predicted warming of 1.3-5.1°C in the region by 2090. However, the impacts of long-term elevated temperatures on fitness, different life stages and other species in the beetle's trophic food web are unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl K. Jones
- Australian Centre for Evolutionary Biology and Biodiversity, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
- Evolutionary Genomics, South Australian Museum, North Terrace, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia
| | - William F. Humphreys
- Western Australian Museum, Locked Bag 40, Welshpool DC, WA 6986, Australia
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Mattia Saccò
- Trace and Environmental DNA (TrEnD) Laboratory, School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia
| | - Terry Bertozzi
- Australian Centre for Evolutionary Biology and Biodiversity, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
- Evolutionary Genomics, South Australian Museum, North Terrace, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia
| | - Andy D. Austin
- Australian Centre for Evolutionary Biology and Biodiversity, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - Steven J.B. Cooper
- Australian Centre for Evolutionary Biology and Biodiversity, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
- Evolutionary Genomics, South Australian Museum, North Terrace, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia
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Aranda AT, Molina ÓS, Chimes FG, Py-Daniel V. Simulium maiaherzogae sp. nov., a new species of black fly (Diptera, Simuliidae) from rock fields of southeastern Brazil. Acta Trop 2021; 221:106030. [PMID: 34217727 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2021.106030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
A new species of black fly from rock fields of southeaster Brazil, Simulium maiaherzogae sp. nov., is described based on morphological features of larval, pupal and adult specimens. Morphological features of this new species were compared with members of Simulium (Trichodagmia) Enderlein 1934, showing a high similarity with S. scutistriatum Lutz 1909 and S. itajara Nascimento, et al. 2020. However, features of the male and female scutum and genitalia, pupal tubercles disposition, pupal gills, larval cephalic appendages, larval gill histoblast, numbers of posterior proleg hooks and rectal papillae lobules, allow to differentiate S. maiaherzogae sp. nov. Moreover, a more detailed analysis using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) showed significant differences and numerical variations in meristic data between the new species and S. scutistriatum. The known distribution of this new species is restricted to the Rio do Salto sub-basin, headland of the Middle Paraíba do Sul River, near the Ibitipoca State Park, a region recognised for its biodiversity richness, but with rare simuliids records.
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Jones KK, Seymour RS. Gas exchange and dive behaviour in the diving beetle Platynectes decempunctatus (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae). J Insect Physiol 2021; 133:104286. [PMID: 34293336 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2021.104286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Many aquatic insects use bubbles on the body surface to store and supply O2 for their dives. There are two types of bubbles: air stores, which store O2 gained from air at the surface, and gas gills that allow passive extraction of O2 from water. Many insects using air stores and gas gills return to the surface to replenish their bubbles and, therefore, their requirement for O2 influences dive behaviour. In this study, we investigate gas exchange and dive behaviour in the diving beetle Platynectes decempunctatus that uses a sub-elytral air store and a small compressible gas gill. We measure the PO2 within the air store during tethered dives, as well as the amount of O2 exchanged during surfacing events. Buoyancy experiments monitor the volume of gas in the gas gill and how it changes during dives. We also directly link O2-consumption rate at three temperatures (10, 15 and 20 °C) with dive duration, surfacing frequency and movement activity. These data are incorporated in a gas exchange model, which shows that the small gas gill of P. decempunctatus contributes less than 10% of the total O2 used during the dive, while up to 10% is supplied by cutaneous uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl K Jones
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia.
| | - Roger S Seymour
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
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Muñiz-González AB, Martínez-Guitarte JL. Unveiling complex responses at the molecular level: Transcriptional alterations by mixtures of bisphenol A, octocrylene, and 2'-ethylhexyl 4- (dimethylamino)benzoate on Chironomus riparius. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2020; 206:111199. [PMID: 32889307 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Living organisms are exposed to mixtures of pollutants in the wild. Inland aquatic ecosystems contain many compounds from different sources that pollute the water column and the sediment. However, majority of toxicological research is focused on the effects of single exposures to toxicants. Furthermore, studies have been principally oriented toward ecologically relevant effects of intoxication, and lack an analysis of the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in the response to toxicants. Effects of single, binary, and ternary mixtures of three compounds, bisphenol A, octocrylene, and 2'-ethylhexyl 4- (dimethylamino)benzoate, were assessed using a Real-Time PCR array. Forty genes, and additional six reference genes, were included in the array. The genes were selected based on their association with hormone responses, detoxification mechanisms, the stress response, DNA repair, and the immune system. The study was performed on Chironomus riparius, a benthic dipteran with an essential role in the food web. Transcriptional responses were assessed both 24 and 96 h post-exposure, to determinate short- and medium-term cellular responses. Individual fourth instar larvae were exposed to 0.1 and 1 mg/L of each of the toxic compounds and compound mixtures. A weak response was detected at 24 h, which was stronger in larvae exposed to mixtures than to individual toxicants. The response at 96 h was complex and principally involved genes related to the endocrine system, detoxification mechanisms, and the stress response. Furthermore, exposure to mixtures of compounds altered the expression patterns of an increased number of genes than did individual compound exposures, which suggested complex interactions between compounds affected the regulation of transcriptional activity. The results obtained highlight the importance of analyzing the mechanisms involved in the response to mixtures of compounds over extended periods and offer new insights into the basis of the physiological responses to pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana-Belén Muñiz-González
- Grupo de Biología y Toxicología Ambiental, Departamento de Física Matemática y de Fluidos, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia, UNED, Senda Del Rey 9, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - José-Luis Martínez-Guitarte
- Grupo de Biología y Toxicología Ambiental, Departamento de Física Matemática y de Fluidos, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia, UNED, Senda Del Rey 9, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
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13
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Abstract
This study compared the DNA sequences of cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) and histone H3 of Ephemeroptera, Odonata, Plecoptera, and Trichoptera in a pairwise manner, and calculated the sequence similarities based on uncorrected P-distance (number of identical sites in both sequences per total number of the sites compared). Datasets of annotated sequences, the source organisms of which are identified at the species level in taxonomy, were retrieved from INSD (GenBank/ ENA/ DDBJ) as of the end of May 2020. Similarity scores of the pairwise comparison were sorted by the combinations of taxonomic groups; intraspecific variations, intrageneric-interspecific divergences, intrafamily-intergeneric divergences, and intraorder-interfamily divergences for Ephemeroptera, Odonata, Plecoptera, and Trichoptera. Similarity scores at the cumulative relative frequency points (1%, 5%, 10%, and median) may be used as the threshold to differentiate between the taxonomic groups based on sequence match. This is often done in the characterization of morphologically-unidentified specimens using barcode sequences, in the metabarcoding analysis of the local fauna, and environmental DNA analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Inai
- Riverine Metagenomics Research Group, Faculty of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuencho, Naka-ku, Sakai 599-8531 JAPAN
| | - Kei Wakimura
- Riverine Metagenomics Research Group, Faculty of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuencho, Naka-ku, Sakai 599-8531 JAPAN
| | - Mikio Kato
- Riverine Metagenomics Research Group, Faculty of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuencho, Naka-ku, Sakai 599-8531 JAPAN.,Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuencho, Naka-ku, Sakai 599-8531 JAPAN
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Balistrieri LS, Mebane CA, Schmidt TS. Time-dependent accumulation of Cd, Co, Cu, Ni, and Zn in natural communities of mayfly and caddisfly larvae: Metal sensitivity, uptake pathways, and mixture toxicity. Sci Total Environ 2020; 732:139011. [PMID: 32473394 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Conceptual and quantitative models were developed to assess time-dependent processes in four sequential experimental stream studies that determined abundances of natural communities of mayfly and caddisfly larvae dosed with single metals (Cd, Co, Cu, Ni, Zn) or multiple metals (Cd + Zn, Co + Cu, Cu + Ni, Cu + Zn, Ni + Zn, Cd + Cu + Zn, Co + Cu + Ni, Cu + Ni + Zn). Metal mixtures contained environmentally relevant metal ratios found in mine drainage. Free metal ion concentrations, accumulation of metals by periphyton, and metal uptake by four families of aquatic insect larvae were either measured (Brachycentridae) or predicted (Ephemerellidae, Heptageniidae, Hydropsychidae) using equilibrium and biodynamic models. Toxicity functions, which included metal accumulations by larvae and metal potencies, were linked to abundances of the insect families. Model results indicated that mayflies accumulated more metal than caddisflies and the relative importance of metal uptake by larvae via dissolved or dietary pathways highly depended on metal uptake rate constants for each insect family and concentrations of metals in food and water. For solution compositions in the experimental streams, accumulations of Cd, Cu, and Zn in larvae occurred primarily through dietary uptake, whereas uptake of dissolved metal was more important for Co and Ni accumulations. Cd, Cu, and Ni were major contributors to toxicity in metal mixtures and for metal ratios examined. Our conceptual approach and quantitative results should aid in designing laboratory experiments and field studies that evaluate metal uptake pathways and metal mixture toxicity to aquatic biota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurie S Balistrieri
- U.S. Geological Survey, Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center, Grafton, WI 53024, United States of America.
| | - Christopher A Mebane
- U.S. Geological Survey, Idaho Water Science Center, Boise, ID 83702, United States of America.
| | - Travis S Schmidt
- U.S. Geological Survey, Colorado Water Science Center, Denver, CO 80225, United States of America.
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15
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Uchida N, Kubota K, Aita S, Kazama S. Aquatic insect community structure revealed by eDNA metabarcoding derives indices for environmental assessment. PeerJ 2020; 8:e9176. [PMID: 32566391 PMCID: PMC7293852 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.9176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Environmental DNA (eDNA) analysis provides an efficient and objective approach for monitoring and assessing ecological status; however, studies on the eDNA of aquatic insects, such as Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, and Trichoptera (EPT), are limited despite its potential as a useful indicator of river health. Here, we investigated the community structures of aquatic insects using eDNA and evaluated the applicability of eDNA data for calculating assessment indices. Field surveys were conducted to sample river water for eDNA at six locations from upstream to downstream of two rivers in Japan in July and November 2016. Simultaneously, aquatic insects were collected using the traditional Surber net survey method. The communities of aquatic insects were revealed using eDNA by targeting the cytochrome oxidase subunit I gene in mitochondrial DNA via metabarcoding analyses. As a result, the eDNA revealed 63 families and 75 genera of aquatic insects, which was double than that detected by the Surber net survey (especially for families in Diptera and Hemiptera). The seasonal differences of communities were distinguished by both the eDNA and Surber net survey data. Furthermore, the total nitrogen concentration, a surrogate of organic pollution, showed positive correlations with biotic environmental assessment indices (i.e., EPT index and Chironomidae index) calculated using eDNA at the genus-level resolution but the indices calculated using the Surber net survey data. Our results demonstrated that eDNA analysis with higher taxonomic resolution can provide as a more sensitive environmental assessment index than the traditional method that requires biotic samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriko Uchida
- International Research Institute of Disaster Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan.,Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Kengo Kubota
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Aita
- School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - So Kazama
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
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16
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do Nascimento JMC, Hamada N, Pepinelli M. A new species in Simulium (Trichodagmia) (Diptera: Simuliidae) from Chapada Diamantina region, Brazil: cryptic diversity revealed by morphological and molecular evidence. Acta Trop 2020; 206:105457. [PMID: 32222363 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2020.105457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
We describe new species of black fly that had previously been identified as S. scutistriatum Lutz due to morphological similarities at the pupal stage. The description of the new species, Simulium (Trichogamia) itajara n. sp., is based on molecular and morphological evidences. The known distribution of the new species is currently restricted to the Paraguaçu River hydrographic basin in Chapada Diamantina National Park and the surrounded area in Bahia state, Brazil. The distribution record for S. scutistriatum in the northeast region of Brazil needs to be removed, since the previous records were based on occurrence of S. itajara n. sp.
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Jitklang S, Sawangproh W, Kuvangkadilok C, Baimai V, Adler PH. Ecology of black flies (Diptera: Simuliidae) in streams of northern and southern Thailand: Factors associated with larval and pupal distributions. Acta Trop 2020; 204:105357. [PMID: 31991115 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2020.105357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The ecology of black flies in Thailand was investigated, based on 19,451 larvae and pupae collected from 65 stream sites in 10 northern provinces during the rainy, cool, and hot seasons, and 1,906 larvae and pupae collected from 18 sites in 9 southern provinces during the cool season. Twenty-seven black fly species were identified from northern Thailand, of which 26 were found in the cool season, when richness was greatest. Significant regressions between species richness and elevation fit a unimodal model in the rainy season but a linear model in the cool and hot seasons. Twenty-two species occurred in all seasons. Species in the subgenera Gomphostilbia and Nevermannia were most common in the hot season, whereas species in the subgenus Simulium were predominant in the cool season. Some species (e.g., S. nakhonense) were geographically widespread, whereas others (e.g., S. chaliowae and S. weji) were restricted to particular localities. Eighteen species and species complexes were found in southern Thailand. The S. tani complex was the most widely distributed taxon, occurring at 66.7% of the sites in the South. Ecological analyses revealed that water temperature, elevation, conductivity, dissolved oxygen, and stream size were among the significant factors associated with the distributions of black flies in both regions of Thailand-the same factors associated with simuliid distributions in other areas of the world.
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18
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Uno H, Stillman JH. Lifetime eurythermy by seasonally matched thermal performance of developmental stages in an annual aquatic insect. Oecologia 2020; 192:647-656. [PMID: 31989318 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-020-04605-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Organisms with annual life cycles are exposed to life stage specific thermal environments across seasons. Seasonal variation in thermal environments can vary across years and among sites. We investigated how organisms with annual life cycles respond to predictable seasonal changes in temperature and unpredictable thermal variation between habitats and years throughout their lives. Field surveys and historical records reveal that the spatially and temporally heterogeneous thermal environments inhabited by the annual mayfly Ephemerella maculata (Ephemerellidae) shift the date for transition to the next, life stage, so that the thermal phenotype of each life stage matches the thermal environment of the specific habitat and year. Laboratory studies of three distinct life stages of this mayfly reveal that life stage transitions are temperature dependent, facilitating timing shifts that are synchronized with the current season's temperatures. Each life stage exhibited specific thermal sensitivity and performance phenotypes that matched the ambient temperature typically experienced during that life stage. Our study across the whole life cycle reveals mechanisms that allow organisms to achieve lifetime eurythermy in a dynamic seasonal environment, despite having narrower thermal ranges for growth and development in each life stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiromi Uno
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
- Center for Ecological Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
| | - Jonathon H Stillman
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Department of Biology, Estuary and Ocean Science Center, San Francisco State University, Tiburon, CA, USA
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19
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Cain DJ, Croteau MN, Fuller CC. Competitive interactions among H, Cu, and Zn ions moderate aqueous uptake of Cu and Zn by an aquatic insect. Environ Pollut 2019; 255:113220. [PMID: 31546121 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The absorption of aqueous copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) by aquatic insects, a group widely used to assess water quality, is unresolved. This study examined interactions among Cu, Zn, and protons that potentially moderate Cu and Zn uptake by the acid-tolerant stonefly Zapada sp. Saturation uptake kinetics were imposed to identify competitive mechanisms. Decreasing pH reduced the maximum transport capacity, Jmax, in both metals, had little effect on the Cu dissociation constant, KD, and increased the Zn KD. Partial noncompetitive (Cu) and partial mixed competitive (Zn) inhibitor models most closely tracked the observed Cu and Zn influx rates across pH treatments. The estimated values for acid dissociation constants for the binary (proton-receptor) and ternary (proton-metal-receptor) complexes indicated the strong inhibitory effect of protons on Cu and Zn. In neutral pH water, Cu inhibited Zn influx, but Zn had little effect on Cu influx. The mechanism of Cu-Zn interaction was not identified. Results from separate Zn experiments suggested that the insect's developmental stage may affect the apparent Jmax. The study underscores some of the challenges of modeling metal bioaccumulation and informs future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- D J Cain
- U.S. Geological Survey, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA.
| | - M-N Croteau
- U.S. Geological Survey, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - C C Fuller
- U.S. Geological Survey, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
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20
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Nitzsche KN, Kato Y, Shin KC, Tayasu I. Magnesium isotopes reveal bedrock impacts on stream organisms. Sci Total Environ 2019; 688:243-252. [PMID: 31229821 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.06.209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Revised: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Magnesium is an essential element to aquatic organisms and understanding the origin of Mg is important for understanding their growth. Ultimately, Mg in streams is derived from the chemical weathering of bedrock in the catchment. In this study, we used Mg stable isotope ratios (δ26Mg) to test whether stream organisms reflect lithological sources in stream catchments. In November 2017 and May 2018, we sampled aquatic insects and small gobies from six temperate streams in the Lake Biwa area (central Japan). Three of these streams had up to 38% limestone in their catchment (limestone streams), and three streams lacked limestone (non-limestone streams). We hypothesised that stream organisms from limestone streams had significantly lower δ26Mg values compared to those of the same organisms from non-limestone streams. Aquatic insects from limestone streams had an average of 0.78‰ lower δ26Mg values than those of the same organisms from non-limestone streams, thereby indicating a lithological control on the δ26Mg of aquatic insects. Aquatic insects often showed an offset to higher δ26Mg values compared to those of stream water, thereby pointing to a 26Mg-enriched diet as an additional Mg source to water and/or Mg isotope fractionation during Mg accumulation. Instead, stream water was the main Mg source for small gobies, as their bones reflected the δ26Mg of water. We concluded that δ26Mg could trace Mg sources of aquatic organisms, and the same methodology can be applied to other metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Nils Nitzsche
- Research Institute for Humanity and Nature (RIHN), 457-4 Motoyama, Kamigamo, Kita-ku, Kyoto 603-8047, Japan.
| | - Yoshikazu Kato
- Research Institute for Humanity and Nature (RIHN), 457-4 Motoyama, Kamigamo, Kita-ku, Kyoto 603-8047, Japan.
| | - Ki-Cheol Shin
- Research Institute for Humanity and Nature (RIHN), 457-4 Motoyama, Kamigamo, Kita-ku, Kyoto 603-8047, Japan.
| | - Ichiro Tayasu
- Research Institute for Humanity and Nature (RIHN), 457-4 Motoyama, Kamigamo, Kita-ku, Kyoto 603-8047, Japan.
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21
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Iwasaki Y, Kagaya T, Matsuda H. Comparing macroinvertebrate assemblages at organic-contaminated river sites with different zinc concentrations: Metal-sensitive taxa may already be absent. Environ Pollut 2018; 241:272-278. [PMID: 29807286 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.05.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Revised: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We investigated responses of macroinvertebrates to different zinc concentrations in urban rivers contaminated with organic matter in a regional-scale monitoring survey and a smaller-scale field study. The present study was designed to test our prediction that total zinc concentrations of ∼60 μg/L (twice the Japanese environmental quality standard) do not lead to significant reductions in richness or abundance of macroinvertebrates in organic-contaminated rivers (biochemical oxygen demand of >3 mg/L). At the organic-contaminated sites in both surveys, very few species were present, and metal-sensitive heptageniid and ephemerellid mayflies were generally absent. In the regional-scale study, total zinc concentrations of up to 70 μg/L resulted in little reduction in macroinvertebrate richness. In the local-scale study, macroinvertebrate richness and abundance were not greatly reduced at the polluted downstream site with a total zinc concentration of 48 μg/L. Results from both surveys support our prediction. Therefore, an important implication of this study is that macroinvertebrate taxa that are susceptible to metal pollution should be sparse or absent in organic-contaminated rivers, so the impacts of metals such as zinc may be limited owing to the species-poor communities. Further research is required to evaluate the importance of reduced zinc bioavailability associated with increased organic matter and water hardness to the species-poor communities in organic-contaminated rivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuichi Iwasaki
- Research Institute of Science for Safety and Sustainability, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Ibaraki, Japan; Faculty of Environment and Information Sciences, Yokohama National University, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan.
| | - Takashi Kagaya
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Matsuda
- Faculty of Environment and Information Sciences, Yokohama National University, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
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22
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Simião-Ferreira J, Nogueira DS, Santos AC, De Marco P, Angelini R. Multi-scale Homogenization of Caddisfly Metacomminities in Human-modified Landscapes. Environ Manage 2018; 61:687-699. [PMID: 29404739 DOI: 10.1007/s00267-017-0989-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 12/29/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The multiple scale of stream networks spatial organization reflects the hierarchical arrangement of streams habitats with increasingly levels of complexity from sub-catchments until entire hydrographic basins. Through these multiple spatial scales, local stream habitats form nested subsets of increasingly landscape scale and habitat size with varying contributions of both alpha and beta diversity for the regional diversity. Here, we aimed to test the relative importance of multiple nested hierarchical levels of spatial scales while determining alpha and beta diversity of caddisflies in regions with different levels of landscape degradation in a core Cerrado area in Brazil. We used quantitative environmental variables to test the hypothesis that landscape homogenization affects the contribution of alpha and beta diversity of caddisflies to regional diversity. We found that the contribution of alpha and beta diversity for gamma diversity varied according to landscape degradation. Sub-catchments with more intense agriculture had lower diversity at multiple levels, markedly alpha and beta diversities. We have also found that environmental predictors mainly associated with water quality, channel size, and habitat integrity (lower scores indicate stream degradation) were related to community dissimilarity at the catchment scale. For an effective management of the headwater biodiversity of caddisfly, towards the conservation of these catchments, heterogeneous streams with more pristine riparian vegetation found within the river basin need to be preserved in protected areas. Additionally, in the most degraded areas the restoration of riparian vegetation and size increase of protected areas will be needed to accomplish such effort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Simião-Ferreira
- Laboratório de Pesquisas Ecológicas e Educação Científica, Universidade Estadual de Goiás, BR 153 n. 3105 Fazenda Barreiro do Meio Caixa Posta 459, Anápolis, GO, 75001-970, Brazil.
| | - Denis Silva Nogueira
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia de Mato Grosso-IFMT, Cuiabá, MT, Brazil
| | - Anna Claudia Santos
- Laboratório de Processamento de Imagens e Geoprocessamento-LAPIG, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Paulo De Marco
- Departamento de Ecologia, Universidade Federal de Goiás-UFG, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Ronaldo Angelini
- Departamento de Engenharia Civil, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte - UFRN, Natal, RN, Brazil
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Jones KK, Hetz SK, Seymour RS. The effects of temperature, activity and convection on the plastron PO 2 of the aquatic bug Aphelocheirus aestivalis (Hemiptera; Aphelocheiridae). J Insect Physiol 2018; 106:155-162. [PMID: 28688893 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2017.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Revised: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The aquatic bug Aphelocheirus aestivalis (Fabricius 1794) utilises a plastron, a thin bubble layer on the surface of its body to extract O2 from the water. Millions of tiny hairs keep the bubble from collapsing, enabling the bug to remain submerged indefinitely. The development of fibre optic O2-probes has allowed measurements of O2 pressure (PO2) surrounding the plastron, and within the plastron although only for short periods. Here we developed methods to continuously measure plastron PO2, and investigate how it is affected by temperature (15, 20, 25°C), activity, and water circulation. We also made measurements of water PO2, temperature and velocity in the field and swimming velocity at the treatment temperatures. Results show that plastron PO2 is inversely related to temperature, associated with differences in metabolic demand, and that small bouts of activity or changes in water convection result in rapid changes in plastron PO2. A model was developed to calculate the conditions under which Aphelocheirus would exist without becoming O2-limited in relation to water temperature, PO2 and boundary layer thickness. This suggests that Aphelocheirus at one of two field sites may have a reduced metabolic scope even in well convected water in association with low PO2 and moderate temperature, and that in well convected, air-saturated water, bugs may have a reduced metabolic scope where water temperatures are between 20 and 25°C. If exposed to 5kPa PO2, Aphelocheirus cannot sustain resting metabolic rate even in well-convected water and would die at temperatures above approximately 25°C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl K Jones
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, SA, Australia.
| | - Stefan K Hetz
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Animal Physiology, Systems Neurobiology and Neural Computation, Philippstrasse 13, 10115 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Roger S Seymour
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, SA, Australia.
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24
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Choudhury D, Gupta S. Impact of waste dump on surface water quality and aquatic insect diversity of Deepor Beel (Ramsar site), Assam, North-east India. Environ Monit Assess 2017; 189:540. [PMID: 28986729 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-017-6233-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Water and aquatic insects were collected seasonally from site 1, the low-lying area of the dump near Deepor Beel, and from sites 2 and 3 of the main wetland and analysed. While dissolved oxygen (DO) increased from site 1 to site 3 in each season, electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solid (TDS), total alkalinity (TA) and free CO2 (F-CO2) decreased. Pb and Cd were found to exceed the limits set for drinking water in all the sites and seasons. Species richness (SpR) was found highest (23) at site 2 and lowest (14) at site 1. Sensitive species was absent. The Shannon (H') values at site 1 were < 1 while at sites 2 and 3 were > 1 in most of the seasons. Biological monitoring scores (Biological Monitoring Working Party and Stream Invertebrate Grade Number-Average Level) in different sites and seasons inferred severely poor to moderate water quality. At site 1, significant negative correlations were seen for Pb and Cr with SpR while Ni and Cu with insect density (ID). At site 2, TA had highly significant positive correlations with SpR and ID while Cu showed negative correlation with SpR. At site 3, ID had significant negative relationships with air temperature, water temperature, depth, TA, F-CO2, PO43- and Cr. Canonical correspondence analysis triplot has clearly separated site 1 associated with tolerant species and highly influenced by TA, TDS, EC, F-CO2, Cr, Ni, Cd and Zn confirming high anthropogenic activities on that site. Tolerant and semitolerant species were present at site 2 (influenced by depth and transparency) and site 3 (influenced by Pb and WT) both. Results of this study discerned that the dump site is the point source of pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dharitri Choudhury
- Department of Ecology & Environmental Science, Assam University, Silchar, 788011, India
| | - Susmita Gupta
- Department of Ecology & Environmental Science, Assam University, Silchar, 788011, India.
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Silva NGD, Hamada N, Adler PH. Taxonomy and polytene chromosomes of the Neotropical black fly Simulium perplexum (Diptera: Simuliidae). Acta Trop 2017; 171:101-13. [PMID: 28359830 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2017.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Revised: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Simulium perplexum Shelley, Maia-Herzog, Luna Dias & Couch is structurally similar in the pupal stage to Simulium guianense Wise, the main vector in the onchocerciasis foci of Amazonian Brazil and Venezuela. We report S. perplexum for the first time beyond its type locality (Guyana, Potaro River), describe its larva, redescribe its pupa, and provide a chromosomal comparison with S. guianense and other morphologically similar species. We collected it in two rivers in Rurópolis municipality, Pará state, Brazil. The larvae can be distinguished from those of related species by having body cuticle with microscopic, translucent, and lanceolate setae. Chromosomal comparisons of S. perplexum and similar Brazilian species with available chromosome information (S. guianense, S. hirtipupa Lutz, and S. litobranchium Hamada, Pepinelli, Mattos-Glória & Luz), using S. guianense Cytoform A as the standard, show that S. perplexum has the nucleolar organizer uniquely in the middle of the short arm of chromosome I, whereas the other three species have this marker at the base of the long arm of chromosome I. All chromosome arms, except IIS and IIIS, of S. perplexum are rearranged, compared with S. guianense Cytoform A, suggesting that it is not closely related to this species or to S. litobranchium, as suggested by some authors, based on morphological features.
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Shaeghi M, Dehghan H, Pakdad K, Nikpour F, Absavaran A, Sofizadeh A, Akhavan AA, Vatandoost H, Aghai-Afshar A. Faunistic Study of the Aquatic Arthropods in a Tourism Area in Northern Iran. J Arthropod Borne Dis 2017; 11:286-301. [PMID: 29062853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2014] [Accepted: 12/31/2016] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aquatic insects are very abundant and divers groups of insects that are associated with an aquatic or semiaquatic environment in one or more of their life stages. These insects have been, in some cases, well studied because they are vectors of several diseases. This is the first comprehensive faunistic study of aquatic insects from Babol County. The results may provide basic data for further taxonomic and ecological studies of aquatic insects as biological control agent or classification of water quality for the country. METHODS The specimens were collected using different methods including: D-frame net collector, standard mosquito dipper (350ml), Sweep-Netting and plastic pipette. Sampling carried out in different part of breading places in several times. RESULTS During this study a total of 196 aquatic specimens were collected from different habitats and were morphologically identified including 18 families classified in 6 orders: Diptera, Trichoptera, Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, Hemiptera and Odonata. Babol and Amol district in Mazandaran Province are located in humid climate regions with suitable ecological factors of humidity, moderate temperature and the variety of plant species. There are different species of aquatic insects in different habitats. CONCLUSION The results will provide information for biodeveristy, species richness, their role for biological control as well as calcification of rivers based on abundance of aquatic insects. Therefore the understanding of ecological specifications of aquatic insects could provide a clue for further Arthropod-borne disease control. Additionally aquatic insect could be used for classification of water bodies.
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Ya'cob Z, Takaoka H, Low VL, Sofian-Azirun M. Uncovering the mask of the Simulium feuerborni complex (Diptera: Simuliidae): Description of a new pseudocryptic species Simulium pairoti from Malaysia. Acta Trop 2017; 169:133-141. [PMID: 28185824 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2017.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Revised: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A black fly species of the Simulium feuerborni species-group of Simulium (Nevermannia) from Cameron Highland, Peninsular Malaysia, previously regarded as S. feuerborni Edwards, originally described from East Java, is described as Simulium pairoti sp. nov. based on complete life stages. High intraspecific variations in the arrangement of the six pupal gill filaments, length of the stalk of the ventral paired filaments, and length of the anterodorsal projection of the cocoon, are noted in this species. This new species is readily distinguished from its congeners by having the characters of male genitalia with simple lamellate ventral plate, short inwardly-twisted styles, several parameral hooks, and a simple narrow median sclerite. Morphological data reported herein plus the chromosomal and molecular data presented elsewhere support S. pairoti as a novel pseudocryptic species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zubaidah Ya'cob
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia.
| | - Hiroyuki Takaoka
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia
| | - Van Lun Low
- Tropical Infectious Diseases Research and Education Centre (TIDREC), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia.
| | - Mohd Sofian-Azirun
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia.
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Baglan H, Lazzari C, Guerrieri F. Learning in mosquito larvae (Aedes aegypti): Habituation to a visual danger signal. J Insect Physiol 2017; 98:160-166. [PMID: 28077263 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2017.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Revised: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In spite of the mosquito Aedes aegypti being a vector of several infectious diseases, a limited number of studies has been undertaken on learning in this species. Moreover, larval stages have been neglected as model organisms, although they are active, aquatic and perform stereotyped behavioural responses, e.g. the escape response when disturbed. To study the learning abilities of mosquito larvae, we focused on habituation, a form of non-associative learning widely studied in vertebrates and invertebrates. Habituation was defined as the progressive and reversible decrease in response to a reiterative stimulus. We first aimed at confirming habituation of the escape response in mosquito larvae (4th instar). Then, we determined whether a mnesic trace was established. Larvae were individually stimulated with a visual danger stimulus inducing the escape response. We set up a protocol for testing larvae individually, allowing the control of different parameters that are crucial for the study of cognitive abilities. After 15 trials, the escape response of mosquitoes was significantly lower. A disturbance stimulus presented after the 15th trial, induced the escape response and reversed habituation. Retention was confirmed up to 1h after the last habituation trial. This original bioassay can be adapted for studying the physiology of learning and memory in mosquito larvae, for analysing the effects of chemicals in the water, the characterisation of the cognitive abilities related to the life history of different mosquito species across preimaginal stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo Baglan
- Institut de Recherche sur la Biologie de l'Insecte UMR 7261, CNRS - Université François-Rabelais de Tours, France
| | - Claudio Lazzari
- Institut de Recherche sur la Biologie de l'Insecte UMR 7261, CNRS - Université François-Rabelais de Tours, France
| | - Fernando Guerrieri
- Institut de Recherche sur la Biologie de l'Insecte UMR 7261, CNRS - Université François-Rabelais de Tours, France.
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Uno H, Power ME. Mainstem-tributary linkages by mayfly migration help sustain salmonids in a warming river network. Ecol Lett 2015; 18:1012-20. [PMID: 26248587 DOI: 10.1111/ele.12483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2015] [Revised: 04/24/2015] [Accepted: 07/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Animal migrations can link ecosystems across space. We discovered an aquatic insect that migrates between a river mainstem and its tributaries, and provides an important trophic subsidy for tributary predators. A mayfly, Ephemerella maculata, rears in a warm, sunlit productive river mainstem, then migrates as adults to cool, shaded unproductive tributaries where they oviposit and die. This migration tripled insect flux into a tributary for 1 month in summer. A manipulative field experiment showed that this E. maculata subsidy nearly tripled the growth of the young of the year steelhead trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in the recipient tributary over the summer months, and was more important than terrestrial invertebrate subsidies, which have been considered the primary food source for predators in small, forested creeks. By delivering food subsidies from productive but warming river mainstems to cool but food-limited tributaries, aquatic insect migrations could enhance resilience to cool-water predators in warming river networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiromi Uno
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Mary E Power
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
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Chumchal MM, Drenner RW. An environmental problem hidden in plain sight? Small human-made ponds, emergent insects, and mercury contamination of biota in the Great Plains. Environ Toxicol Chem 2015; 34:1197-205. [PMID: 26013117 DOI: 10.1002/etc.2954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Revised: 01/19/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2015] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Mercury (Hg) contamination of small human-made ponds and surrounding terrestrial communities may be 1 of the largest unstudied Hg-pollution problems in the United States. Humans have built millions of small ponds in the Great Plains of the United States, and these ponds have become contaminated with atmospherically deposited mercury. In aquatic ecosystems, less toxic forms of Hg deposited from the atmosphere are converted to highly toxic methylmercury (MeHg). Methylmercury is incorporated into the aquatic food web and then can be transferred to terrestrial food webs via emergent aquatic insects. The authors present a conceptual model that describes the movement of MeHg produced in aquatic ecosystems to terrestrial consumers via insects emerging from small human-made ponds. The authors hypothesize that pond permanence and the level of Hg contamination of the food web control this emergent insect-mediated flux of MeHg. The highest insect-mediated flux of MeHg is predicted to be from fishless semipermanent ponds with food webs that are highly contaminated with MeHg. Further development and testing of the conceptual model presented in the present column, particularly in the context of a changing climate, will require research at the regional, watershed, and pond scales.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ray W Drenner
- Biology Department, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, Texas, USA
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