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Babar MU, Nassar AF, Nie X, Zhang T, He J, Yeung J, Norris P, Ogura H, Muldoon A, Chen L, Libreros S. Is Lipid Metabolism of Value in Cancer Research and Treatment? Part II: Role of Specialized Pro-Resolving Mediators in Inflammation, Infections, and Cancer. Metabolites 2024; 14:314. [PMID: 38921449 PMCID: PMC11205484 DOI: 10.3390/metabo14060314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Acute inflammation is the body's first defense in response to pathogens or injury that is partially governed by a novel genus of endogenous lipid mediators that orchestrate the resolution of inflammation, coined specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs). SPMs, derived from omega-3-polyunstaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), include the eicosapentaenoic acid-derived and docosahexaenoic acid-derived Resolvins, Protectins, and Maresins. Herein, we review their biosynthesis, structural characteristics, and therapeutic effectiveness in various diseases such as ischemia, viral infections, periodontitis, neuroinflammatory diseases, cystic fibrosis, lung inflammation, herpes virus, and cancer, especially focusing on therapeutic effectiveness in respiratory inflammation and ischemia-related injuries. Resolvins are sub-nanomolar potent agonists that accelerate the resolution of inflammation by reducing excessive neutrophil infiltration, stimulating macrophage functions including phagocytosis, efferocytosis, and tissue repair. In addition to regulating neutrophils and macrophages, Resolvins control dendritic cell migration and T cell responses, and they also reduce the pro-inflammatory cytokines, proliferation, and metastasis of cancer cells. Importantly, several lines of evidence have demonstrated that Resolvins reduce tumor progression in melanoma, oral squamous cell carcinoma, lung cancer, and liver cancer. In addition, Resolvins enhance tumor cell debris clearance by macrophages in the tumor's microenvironment. Resolvins, with their unique stereochemical structure, receptors, and biosynthetic pathways, provide a novel therapeutical approach to activating resolution mechanisms during cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Usman Babar
- Department of Pathology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutic Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Ala F. Nassar
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University, West Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Xinxin Nie
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University, West Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Tianxiang Zhang
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University, West Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Jianwei He
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University, West Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Jacky Yeung
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University, West Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Paul Norris
- Sciex, 500 Old Connecticut Path, Framingham, MA 01701, USA
| | - Hideki Ogura
- Department of Microbiology, Hyogo Medical University, Kobe 678-1297, Japan
| | - Anne Muldoon
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University, West Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Lieping Chen
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University, West Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Stephania Libreros
- Department of Pathology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutic Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
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Edwards BR, Thamatrakoln K, Fredricks HF, Bidle KD, Van Mooy BAS. Viral Infection Leads to a Unique Suite of Allelopathic Chemical Signals in Three Diatom Host-Virus Pairs. Mar Drugs 2024; 22:228. [PMID: 38786618 PMCID: PMC11123003 DOI: 10.3390/md22050228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Ecophysiological stress and the grazing of diatoms are known to elicit the production of chemical defense compounds called oxylipins, which are toxic to a wide range of marine organisms. Here we show that (1) the viral infection and lysis of diatoms resulted in oxylipin production; (2) the suite of compounds produced depended on the diatom host and the infecting virus; and (3) the virus-mediated oxylipidome was distinct, in both magnitude and diversity, from oxylipins produced due to stress associated with the growth phase. We used high-resolution accurate-mass mass spectrometry to observe changes in the dissolved lipidome of diatom cells infected with viruses over 3 to 4 days, compared to diatom cells in exponential, stationary, and decline phases of growth. Three host virus pairs were used as model systems: Chaetoceros tenuissimus infected with CtenDNAV; C. tenuissimus infected with CtenRNAV; and Chaetoceros socialis infected with CsfrRNAV. Several of the compounds that were significantly overproduced during viral infection are known to decrease the reproductive success of copepods and interfere with microzooplankton grazing. Specifically, oxylipins associated with allelopathy towards zooplankton from the 6-, 9-, 11-, and 15-lipogenase (LOX) pathways were significantly more abundant during viral lysis. 9-hydroperoxy hexadecatetraenoic acid was identified as the strongest biomarker for the infection of Chaetoceros diatoms. C. tenuissimus produced longer, more oxidized oxylipins when lysed by CtenRNAV compared to CtenDNAV. However, CtenDNAV caused a more statistically significant response in the lipidome, producing more oxylipins from known diatom LOX pathways than CtenRNAV. A smaller set of compounds was significantly more abundant in stationary and declining C. tenuissimus and C. socialis controls. Two allelopathic oxylipins in the 15-LOX pathway and essential fatty acids, arachidonic acid (ARA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) were more abundant in the stationary phase than during the lysis of C. socialis. The host-virus pair comparisons underscore the species-level differences in oxylipin production and the value of screening more host-virus systems. We propose that the viral infection of diatoms elicits chemical defense via oxylipins which deters grazing with downstream trophic and biogeochemical effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bethanie R. Edwards
- Department of Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Falmouth, MA 02543, USA; (H.F.F.); (B.A.S.V.M.)
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science, University of California-Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Kimberlee Thamatrakoln
- Department of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA; (K.T.); (K.D.B.)
| | - Helen F. Fredricks
- Department of Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Falmouth, MA 02543, USA; (H.F.F.); (B.A.S.V.M.)
| | - Kay D. Bidle
- Department of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA; (K.T.); (K.D.B.)
| | - Benjamin A. S. Van Mooy
- Department of Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Falmouth, MA 02543, USA; (H.F.F.); (B.A.S.V.M.)
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Meng YW, Liu JY. Pathological and pharmacological functions of the metabolites of polyunsaturated fatty acids mediated by cyclooxygenases, lipoxygenases, and cytochrome P450s in cancers. Pharmacol Ther 2024; 256:108612. [PMID: 38369063 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2024.108612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Oxylipins have garnered increasing attention because they were consistently shown to play pathological and/or pharmacological roles in the development of multiple cancers. Oxylipins are the metabolites of polyunsaturated fatty acids via both enzymatic and nonenzymatic pathways. The enzymes mediating the metabolism of PUFAs include but not limited to lipoxygenases (LOXs), cyclooxygenases (COXs), and cytochrome P450s (CYPs) pathways, as well as the down-stream enzymes. Here, we systematically summarized the pleiotropic effects of oxylipins in different cancers through pathological and pharmacological aspects, with specific reference to the enzyme-mediated oxylipins. We discussed the specific roles of oxylipins on cancer onset, growth, invasion, and metastasis, as well as the expression changes in the associated metabolic enzymes and the associated underlying mechanisms. In addition, we also discussed the clinical application and potential of oxylipins and related metabolic enzymes as the targets for cancer prevention and treatment. We found the specific function of most oxylipins in cancers, especially the underlying mechanisms and clinic applications, deserves and needs further investigation. We believe that research on oxylipins will provide not only more therapeutic targets for various cancers but also dietary guidance for both cancer patients and healthy humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Wen Meng
- CNTTI of the Institute of Life Sciences & Department of Anesthesia of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; Basic Medicine Research and Innovation Center for Novel Target and Therapeutic Intervention, Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Jun-Yan Liu
- CNTTI of the Institute of Life Sciences & Department of Anesthesia of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; Basic Medicine Research and Innovation Center for Novel Target and Therapeutic Intervention, Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400016, China; College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
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Yang L, Choi J, Maier CS, Stevens JF. Profiling of Oxylipins as Markers of Oxidative Stress in Biological Samples. Curr Protoc 2024; 4:e992. [PMID: 38439570 DOI: 10.1002/cpz1.992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
Oxylipins are oxidized metabolites of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). They represent a class of risk markers and/or therapeutic targets for diseases associated with inflammation, including cardiovascular disease and brain disorders. Because the biological activities of free PUFAs and oxylipins depend on their chemical structures and concentrations, monitoring PUFAs and oxylipin levels in biological systems is critical for understanding their roles in health and disease. Traditionally, accurate quantification of free PUFAs and oxylipins in biological samples was performed separately, as PUFAs are often 1000-fold more abundant than the derived oxidized fatty acids (oxylipins). This article describes a liquid chromatography multiple reaction monitoring tandem mass spectrometry method for the quantitative analysis of five free PUFAs and 88 oxylipins in various biological fluids, including plasma, platelet supernatants, and tissues. The same approach can also be used in conjunction with an alkaline hydrolysis step to quantify total oxylipins in fish oils. We observed that in some samples, linoleic acid levels in plasma and eicosapentaenoic acid and arachidonic acid levels in brain tissue were above the upper limit of quantification. To address this issue, we developed a data analysis method to obtain PUFA and oxylipin concentrations in these samples without additional sample preparation, thus significantly saving time and labor. © 2024 Wiley Periodicals LLC. Basic Protocol: Quantification of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and oxylipins using liquid chromatography multiple reaction monitoring tandem mass spectrometry Support Protocol 1: Preparation of internal standard mixed working solution Support Protocol 2: Preparation of standard mixed stock solution Support Protocol 3: Preparation of standard mixed working solution Alternate Protocol 1: Extraction and quantitation of free PUFAs and oxylipins from mouse brain tissue Alternate Protocol 2: Extraction and quantitation of total PUFAs and oxylipins from fish oil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon
| | - Jaewoo Choi
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon
| | - Claudia S Maier
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon
| | - Jan F Stevens
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon
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Fredman G, Serhan CN. Specialized pro-resolving mediators in vascular inflammation and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Nat Rev Cardiol 2024:10.1038/s41569-023-00984-x. [PMID: 38216693 DOI: 10.1038/s41569-023-00984-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
Timely resolution of the acute inflammatory response (or inflammation resolution) is an active, highly coordinated process that is essential to optimal health. Inflammation resolution is regulated by specific endogenous signalling molecules that function as 'stop signals' to terminate the inflammatory response when it is no longer needed; to actively promote healing, regeneration and tissue repair; and to limit pain. Specialized pro-resolving mediators are a superfamily of signalling molecules that initiate anti-inflammatory and pro-resolving actions. Without an effective and timely resolution response, inflammation can become chronic, a pathological state that is associated with many widely occurring human diseases, including atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Uncovering the mechanisms of inflammation resolution failure in cardiovascular diseases and identifying useful biomarkers for non-resolving inflammation are unmet needs. In this Review, we discuss the accumulating evidence that supports the role of non-resolving inflammation in atherosclerosis and the use of specialized pro-resolving mediators as therapeutic tools for the treatment of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. We highlight open questions about therapeutic strategies and mechanisms of disease to provide a framework for future studies on the prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabrielle Fredman
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, USA.
| | - Charles N Serhan
- Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Department of Anaesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Nshimiyimana R, Libreros S, Simard M, Chiang N, Rodriguez AR, Spur BW, Haeggström JZ, Serhan CN. Stereochemistry and functions of the new cysteinyl-resolvin, 4S,5R-RCTR1, in efferocytosis and erythrophagocytosis of human senescent erythrocytes. Am J Hematol 2023; 98:1000-1016. [PMID: 37139907 PMCID: PMC10429686 DOI: 10.1002/ajh.26932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators play key functions in the resolution of the acute inflammatory response. Herein, we elucidate the stereochemical structure of the new 4S,5R-RCTR1, a cysteinyl-resolvin, recently uncovered in human leukocytes incubated with a 4S,5S-epoxy-resolvin intermediate, using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and ultra-violet (UV) spectrophotometry. With this approach, the physical properties of the new mediator prepared by total organic synthesis were matched to enzymatically produced biogenic material. In addition, we confirmed the potent biological actions of 4S,5R-RCTR1 with human M2-like macrophage phagocytosis of live bacteria, efferocytosis of apoptotic neutrophils, and erythrophagocytosis of senescent human red blood cells in a concentration-dependent manner from 0.1 to 10 nM. Taken together, these results establish the complete stereochemistry of 4S,5R-RCTR1 as 5R-glutathionyl-4S,17S-dihydroxy-6E,8E,10Z,13Z,15E,19Z-docosahexaenoic acid and give evidence of its novel bioactivities in human phagocyte responses. Moreover, they confirm and extend the stereoselective functions of the 4S,5R-RCTR1 with isolated human phagocytes of interest in the resolution of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Nshimiyimana
- Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Stephania Libreros
- Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Mélissa Simard
- Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Nan Chiang
- Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Ana R. Rodriguez
- Department of Cell Biology, Rowan University–School of Medicine, Stratford, New Jersey 08084, USA
| | - Bernd W. Spur
- Department of Cell Biology, Rowan University–School of Medicine, Stratford, New Jersey 08084, USA
| | - Jesper Z. Haeggström
- Division of Physiological Chemistry II, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska institute, S-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Charles N. Serhan
- Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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Serhan CN, Chiang N. Resolvins and cysteinyl-containing pro-resolving mediators activate resolution of infectious inflammation and tissue regeneration. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2023; 166:106718. [PMID: 36813255 PMCID: PMC10175197 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2023.106718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
This review is a synopsis of the main points from the opening presentation by the authors in the Resolution of Inflammation session at the 8th European Workshop on Lipid Mediators held at the Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden, June 29th, 2022. Specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPM) promote tissue regeneration, control infections and resolution of inflammation. These include resolvins, protectins, maresins and the newly identified conjugates in tissue regeneration (CTRs). We reported mechanisms of CTRs in activating primordial regeneration pathways in planaria using RNA-sequencing. Also, the 4S,5S-epoxy-resolvin intermediate in the biosynthesis of resolvin D3 and resolvin D4 was prepared by total organic synthesis. Human neutrophils convert this to resolvin D3 and resolvin D4, while human M2 macrophages transformed this labile epoxide intermediate to resolvin D4 and a novel cysteinyl-resolvin that is a potent isomer of RCTR1. The novel cysteinyl-resolvin significantly accelerates tissue regeneration with planaria and inhibits human granuloma formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles N Serhan
- Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Nan Chiang
- Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Serhan CN, Sulciner ML. Resolution medicine in cancer, infection, pain and inflammation: are we on track to address the next Pandemic? Cancer Metastasis Rev 2023; 42:13-17. [PMID: 36781545 PMCID: PMC9924836 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-023-10091-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
Uncontrolled inflammation giving rise to excessive tissue inflammation can lead to chronic inflammation that enhances tissue destruction, amplifying many chronic human pathologies. Normally the acute inflammatory response is protective and should be self-limited returning tissues to functional homeostasis with endogenous programmed resolution via leukocyte vasculature cell-cell interactions and crosstalk that biosynthesize pro-resolving mediators. When failed resolution takes place, as with the use of NSAIDs, tissues undergo chronic inflammation and fibrosis. Herein, we discuss these mechanisms and the role of specialized proresolving mediators, the resolvins, protectins and maresins produced from essential omega-3 fatty acids EPA and DHA, and their contributions via their cognate cell surface receptors, to the resolution response. Harnessing these pathways and their cellular mechanisms can help in providing new therapeutic approaches to many human diseases, infections, organ protection and trauma via resolution medicine to enhance the body's own resilience to challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles N Serhan
- Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - Megan L Sulciner
- Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.,Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
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