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Chen J, Curcio CA, Crosson JN. Shotgun lipidomics of human subretinal fluids under rod-dominant retina reveals cone-dominated lipids. Exp Eye Res 2024; 240:109807. [PMID: 38278468 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2024.109807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
Subretinal fluid (SRF) accumulates between photoreceptor outer segments and retinal pigment epithelium during rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. Biomolecular components such as lipids originate from cells surrounding the SRF. Knowledge of the composition of these molecules in SRF potentially provides mechanistic insight into the physiologic transfer of lipids between retinal tissue compartments. Using mass spectrometry and tandem mass spectrometry analysis on an electrospray ionization quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometer, we identified a total of 115 lipid molecular species of 11 subclasses and 9 classes in two samples from two patients with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. These included 47 glycerophosphocholines, 6 glycerophosphoethanolamines, 1 glycerophosphoinositol, 18 sphingomyelins, 9 cholesteryl esters, free cholesterol, 3 ceramides, 22 triacylglycerols and 8 free fatty acids. Glycerophosphocholines were of the highest intensity. By minimizing the formation of different adduct forms or clustering ions of different adducts, we determined the relative intensity of lipid molecular species within the same subclasses. The profiles were compared with those of retinal cells available in the published literature. The glycerophosphocholine profile of SRF was similar to that of cone outer segments, suggesting that outer segment degradation products are constitutively released into the interphotoreceptor matrix, appearing in SRF during detachment. This hypothesis was supported by the retinal distributions of corresponding lipid synthases' mRNA expression obtained from an online resource based on publicly available single-cell sequencing data. In contrast, based on lipid profiles and relevant gene expression in this study, the sources of free cholesterol and cholesteryl esters in SRF appeared more ambiguous, possibly reflecting that outer retina takes up plasma lipoproteins. Further studies to identify and quantify lipids in SRF will help better understand etiology of diseases relevant to outer retina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianzhong Chen
- Center for Biotechnology & Genomic Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, GA, United States; Department of Cellular Biology & Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, GA, United States; Department of Optometry and Vision Science, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States.
| | - Christine A Curcio
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States.
| | - Jason N Crosson
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
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Ramalhete L, Vigia E, Araújo R, Marques HP. Proteomics-Driven Biomarkers in Pancreatic Cancer. Proteomes 2023; 11:24. [PMID: 37606420 PMCID: PMC10443269 DOI: 10.3390/proteomes11030024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is a devastating disease that has a grim prognosis, highlighting the need for improved screening, diagnosis, and treatment strategies. Currently, the sole biomarker for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) authorized by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration is CA 19-9, which proves to be the most beneficial in tracking treatment response rather than in early detection. In recent years, proteomics has emerged as a powerful tool for advancing our understanding of pancreatic cancer biology and identifying potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets. This review aims to offer a comprehensive survey of proteomics' current status in pancreatic cancer research, specifically accentuating its applications and its potential to drastically enhance screening, diagnosis, and treatment response. With respect to screening and diagnostic precision, proteomics carries the capacity to augment the sensitivity and specificity of extant screening and diagnostic methodologies. Nonetheless, more research is imperative for validating potential biomarkers and establishing standard procedures for sample preparation and data analysis. Furthermore, proteomics presents opportunities for unveiling new biomarkers and therapeutic targets, as well as fostering the development of personalized treatment strategies based on protein expression patterns associated with treatment response. In conclusion, proteomics holds great promise for advancing our understanding of pancreatic cancer biology and improving patient outcomes. It is essential to maintain momentum in investment and innovation in this arena to unearth more groundbreaking discoveries and transmute them into practical diagnostic and therapeutic strategies in the clinical context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luís Ramalhete
- Blood and Transplantation Center of Lisbon—Instituto Português do Sangue e da Transplantação, Alameda das Linhas de Torres, n° 117, 1769-001 Lisbon, Portugal
- Nova Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 1169-056 Lisbon, Portugal
- iNOVA4Health—Advancing Precision Medicine, RG11: Reno-Vascular Diseases Group, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 1169-056 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Emanuel Vigia
- Nova Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 1169-056 Lisbon, Portugal
- Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Central, Department of Hepatobiliopancreatic and Transplantation, 1050-099 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Rúben Araújo
- Nova Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 1169-056 Lisbon, Portugal
- CHRC—Comprehensive Health Research Centre, NOVA Medical School, 1150-199 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Hugo Pinto Marques
- Nova Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 1169-056 Lisbon, Portugal
- Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Central, Department of Hepatobiliopancreatic and Transplantation, 1050-099 Lisbon, Portugal
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