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Ożarowski M, Karpiński TM, Zielińska A, Souto EB, Wielgus K. Cannabidiol in Neurological and Neoplastic Diseases: Latest Developments on the Molecular Mechanism of Action. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:4294. [PMID: 33919010 PMCID: PMC8122338 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
As the major nonpsychotropic constituent of Cannabis sativa, cannabidiol (CBD) is regarded as one of the most promising therapeutic agents due to its proven effectiveness in clinical trials for many human diseases. Due to the urgent need for more efficient pharmacological treatments for several chronic diseases, in this review, we discuss the potential beneficial effects of CBD for Alzheimer's disease, epilepsy, multiple sclerosis, and neurological cancers. Due to its wide range of pharmacological activities (e.g., antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective properties), CBD is considered a multimodal drug for the treatment of a range of neurodegenerative disorders, and various cancer types, including neoplasms of the neural system. The different mechanisms of action of CBD are here disclosed, together with recent progress in the use of this cannabis-derived constituent as a new therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Ożarowski
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Natural Fibres and Medicinal Plants—State Research Institute, Wojska Polskiego 71B, 60-630 Poznań, Poland; (M.O.); (K.W.)
| | - Tomasz M. Karpiński
- Chair and Department of Medical Microbiology, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Wieniawskiego 3, 61-712 Poznań, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Zielińska
- Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Strzeszyńska 32, 60-479 Poznań, Poland;
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal;
| | - Eliana B. Souto
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal;
- CEB—Center of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Karolina Wielgus
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Natural Fibres and Medicinal Plants—State Research Institute, Wojska Polskiego 71B, 60-630 Poznań, Poland; (M.O.); (K.W.)
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Ferl GZ, Fuji RN, Atwal JK, Sun T, Ramanujan S, Quartino AL. Mechanistic Modeling of Soluble Aβ Dynamics and Target Engagement in the Brain by Anti-Aβ mAbs in Alzheimer’s Disease. Curr Alzheimer Res 2020; 17:393-406. [DOI: 10.2174/1567205017666200302122307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Background:
Anti-amyloid-β (Aβ) monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are currently in development
for treating Alzheimer’s disease.
Objectives:
To address the complexity of Aβ target engagement profiles, improve the understanding of
crenezumab Pharmacokinetics (PK) and Aβ Pharmacodynamics (PD) in the brain, and facilitate comparison
of anti-Aβ therapies with different binding characteristics.
Methods:
A mechanistic mathematical model was developed describing the distribution, elimination,
and binding kinetics of anti-Aβ mAbs and Aβ (monomeric and oligomeric forms of Aβ1-40 and
Aβ1-42) in the brain, Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF), and plasma. Physiologically meaningful values were
assigned to the model parameters based on the previous data, with remaining parameters fitted to clinical
measurements of Aβ concentrations in CSF and plasma, and PK/PD data of patients undergoing anti-Aβ
therapy. Aβ target engagement profiles were simulated using a Monte Carlo approach to explore the impact
of biological uncertainty in the model parameters.
Results:
Model-based estimates of in vivo affinity of the antibody to monomeric Aβ were qualitatively
consistent with the previous data. Simulations of Aβ target engagement profiles captured observed mean
and variance of clinical PK/PD data.
Conclusion:
This model is useful for comparing target engagement profiles of different anti-Aβ therapies
and demonstrates that 60 mg/kg crenezumab yields a significant increase in Aβ engagement compared
with lower doses of solanezumab, supporting the selection of 60 mg/kg crenezumab for phase 3
studies. The model also provides evidence that the delivery of sufficient quantities of mAb to brain interstitial
fluid is a limiting step with respect to the magnitude of soluble Aβ oligomer neutralization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory Z. Ferl
- Department of Translational & Systems Pharmacology, Genentech Research & Early Development, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California, CA 94048, United States
| | - Reina N. Fuji
- Department of Translational & Systems Pharmacology, Genentech Research & Early Development, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California, CA 94048, United States
| | - Jasvinder K. Atwal
- Department of Translational & Systems Pharmacology, Genentech Research & Early Development, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California, CA 94048, United States
| | - Tony Sun
- Department of Translational & Systems Pharmacology, Genentech Research & Early Development, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California, CA 94048, United States
| | - Saroja Ramanujan
- Department of Translational & Systems Pharmacology, Genentech Research & Early Development, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California, CA 94048, United States
| | - Angelica L. Quartino
- Department of Translational & Systems Pharmacology, Genentech Research & Early Development, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California, CA 94048, United States
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A Synthetic Snake-Venom-Based Tripeptide Protects PC12 Cells from the Neurotoxicity of Acrolein by Improving Axonal Plasticity and Bioenergetics. Neurotox Res 2019; 37:227-237. [DOI: 10.1007/s12640-019-00111-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Parikh NP, Parekh KH. Defragmentation of lysozyme derived Amyloid β fibril using Biocompatible Magnetic fluid. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2018; 29:171. [PMID: 30392065 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-018-6185-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We present here a modulating effect on lysozyme derived Amyloid β fibrils by aqueous magnetic fluid. This non-conventional approach of treatment of lysozyme derived Amyloid β fibrils showed lysing of Amyloid fibrils to its secondary structures which can be seen using optical microscope and scanning electron microscopic image. The size of lysozyme derived amyloid fibrils before and after treatment was measured using dynamic light scattering technique. The mechanism of defragmentation of lysozyme derived Amyloid β fibrils by magnetic fluid is explained. This is a first report to identify the secondary structure of protein using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) and Circular Dichroism (CD) spectra after lysing. The cyto-toxicity study of this magnetic fluid on neuronal (SH-SY5Y) and non-neuronal (NRK) cell lines shows non-toxicity up to a concentration of 250 μg/mL. The study indicates a novel and unique complementary approach to treat the amyloidogenic brain diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nidhi P Parikh
- Dr. K C Patel R & D Center, Charotar University of Science & Technology, Changa 388 421, Dist. Anand, Gujarat, India
| | - Kinnari H Parekh
- Dr. K C Patel R & D Center, Charotar University of Science & Technology, Changa 388 421, Dist. Anand, Gujarat, India.
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Zhao L, Chen T, Wang C, Li G, Zhi W, Yin J, Wan Q, Chen L. Atorvastatin in improvement of cognitive impairments caused by amyloid β in mice: involvement of inflammatory reaction. BMC Neurol 2016; 16:18. [PMID: 26846170 PMCID: PMC4743318 DOI: 10.1186/s12883-016-0533-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Accepted: 01/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The production of inflammatory cytokines resulting from amyloid β (Aβ) is associated with the initiation of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Atorvastatin (ATV) has been reported to improve AD, however, it is unclear how the anti-inflammatory mechanism is linked with its protection against the impairment of spatial cognitive function in AD. The present study was designed to explore what mechanism was possibly involved in the anti-inflammatory pathway in regard to the ATV treatment of AD. Methods We used an AD model induced by the administration of Aβ25–35 in male C57BL/6 mice and an in vitro culture system to study the protective effects of ATV on the spatial cognitive deficits, hippocampal long-term potentiation (LTP) impairment and inflammatory reaction. Results The intragastric administration of ATV (5 mg/kg) in Aβ25–35-treated mice significantly ameliorated the spatial cognitive deficits and prevented the LTP impairment in hippocampal CA1. The increased Iba-1 positive cells and inflammatory components in the hippocampus were reduced after the ATV treatment. The anti-inflammatory and LTP protection of ATV were abolished using the replenishment of farnesyl pyrophosphate by the administration of farnesol (FOH). The hippocampal slices culture showed Aβ25–35-induced neurotoxicity in the absence of the presence of ATV. Treatment with ATV (0.5, 1, 2.5 μmol/L) dose-dependently prevented the cell damage in hippocampus induced by Aβ25–35. Conclusion The administration of ATV ameliorated the cognitive deficits, depressed the inflammatory responses, improved the LTP impairment, and prevents Aβ25-35-induced neurotoxicity in cultured hippocampal neurons. These protective functions of ATV involved the pathway of reducing farnesyl pyrophosphate (FPP).
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Affiliation(s)
- Liandong Zhao
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, China.,Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Huaian, Huaian, Jiangsu, 223002, China
| | - Tingting Chen
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Chonghui Wang
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Guoxi Li
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Wenhui Zhi
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Jun Yin
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Qi Wan
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, China.
| | - Ling Chen
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China. .,Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, 140 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, China.
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