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Ueda Y, Nosaki S, Sakuraba Y, Miyakawa T, Kiba T, Tanokura M, Yanagisawa S. NIGT1 family proteins exhibit dual mode DNA recognition to regulate nutrient response-associated genes in Arabidopsis. PLoS Genet 2020; 16:e1009197. [PMID: 33137118 PMCID: PMC7660924 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1009197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Fine-tuning of nutrient uptake and response is indispensable for maintenance of nutrient homeostasis in plants, but the details of underlying mechanisms remain to be elucidated. NITRATE-INDUCIBLE GARP-TYPE TRANSCRIPTIONAL REPRESSOR 1 (NIGT1) family proteins are plant-specific transcriptional repressors that function as an important hub in the nutrient signaling network associated with the acquisition and use of nitrogen and phosphorus. Here, by yeast two-hybrid assays, bimolecular fluorescence complementation assays, and biochemical analysis with recombinant proteins, we show that Arabidopsis NIGT1 family proteins form a dimer via the interaction mediated by a coiled-coil domain (CCD) in their N-terminal regions. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays defined that the NIGT1 dimer binds to two different motifs, 5'-GAATATTC-3' and 5'-GATTC-N38-GAATC-3', in target gene promoters. Unlike the dimer of wild-type NIGT1 family proteins, a mutant variant that could not dimerize due to amino acid substitutions within the CCD had lower specificity and affinity to DNA, thereby losing the ability to precisely regulate the expression of target genes. Thus, expressing the wild-type and mutant NIGT1 proteins in the nigt1 quadruple mutant differently modified NIGT1-regulated gene expression and responses towards nitrate and phosphate. These results suggest that the CCD-mediated dimerization confers dual mode DNA recognition to NIGT1 family proteins, which is necessary to make proper controls of their target genes and nutrient responses. Intriguingly, two 5'-GATTC-3' sequences are present in face-to-face orientation within the 5'-GATTC-N38-GAATC-3' sequence or its complementary one, while two 5'-ATTC-3' sequences are present in back-to-back orientation within the 5'-GAATATTC-3' or its complementary one. This finding suggests a unique mode of DNA binding by NIGT1 family proteins and may provide a hint as to why target sequences for some transcription factors cannot be clearly determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiaki Ueda
- Biotechnology Research Center, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Crop, Livestock and Environment Division, Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Shohei Nosaki
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuhito Sakuraba
- Biotechnology Research Center, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takuya Miyakawa
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takatoshi Kiba
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, Japan
- Center for Sustainable Resource Science, RIKEN, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Masaru Tanokura
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shuichi Yanagisawa
- Biotechnology Research Center, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail:
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2
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Mao R, Chen Y, Chi Z, Wang Y. Insulin and its single-chain analogue. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 103:8737-8751. [PMID: 31637493 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-019-10170-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2019] [Revised: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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3
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Lin Y, Koga N, Vorobiev SM, Baker D. Cyclic oligomer design with de novo αβ-proteins. Protein Sci 2017; 26:2187-2194. [PMID: 28801928 PMCID: PMC5654858 DOI: 10.1002/pro.3270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Revised: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
We have previously shown that monomeric globular αβ-proteins can be designed de novo with considerable control over topology, size, and shape. In this paper, we investigate the design of cyclic homo-oligomers from these starting points. We experimented with both keeping the original monomer backbones fixed during the cyclic docking and design process, and allowing the backbone of the monomer to conform to that of adjacent subunits in the homo-oligomer. The latter flexible backbone protocol generated designs with shape complementarity approaching that of native homo-oligomers, but experimental characterization showed that the fixed backbone designs were more stable and less aggregation prone. Designed C2 oligomers with β-strand backbone interactions were structurally confirmed through x-ray crystallography and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). In contrast, C3-C5 designed homo-oligomers with primarily nonpolar residues at interfaces all formed a range of oligomeric states. Taken together, our results suggest that for homo-oligomers formed from globular building blocks, improved structural specificity will be better achieved using monomers with increased shape complementarity and with more polar interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu‐Ru Lin
- Department of BiochemistryUniversity of Washington, and Howard Hughes Medical InstituteSeattleWashington 98195
| | - Nobuyasu Koga
- Research Center of Integrative Molecular SystemsInstitute for Molecular Science, National Institute of Natural Sciences (NINS)Okazaki 444‐8585Japan
- JST, PRESTOKawaguchiSaitama 332‐0012Japan
| | - Sergey M. Vorobiev
- Department of Biological ScienceNortheast Structural Genomics Consortium, Columbia UniversityNew YorkNew York
| | - David Baker
- Department of BiochemistryUniversity of Washington, and Howard Hughes Medical InstituteSeattleWashington 98195
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4
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Onset of disorder and protein aggregation due to oxidation-induced intermolecular disulfide bonds: case study of RRM2 domain from TDP-43. Sci Rep 2017; 7:11161. [PMID: 28894122 PMCID: PMC5593996 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-10574-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We have investigated the behavior of second RNA-recognition motif (RRM2) of neuropathological protein TDP43 under the effect of oxidative stress as modeled in vitro. Toward this end we have used the specially adapted version of H/D exchange experiment, NMR relaxation and diffusion measurements, dynamic light scattering, controlled proteolysis, gel electrophoresis, site-directed mutagenesis and microsecond MD simulations. Under oxidizing conditions RRM2 forms disulfide-bonded dimers that experience unfolding and then assemble into aggregate particles (APs). These particles are strongly disordered, highly inhomogeneous and susceptible to proteolysis; some of them withstand the dithiothreitol treatment. They can recruit/release monomeric RRM2 through thiol-disulfide exchange reactions. By using a combination of dynamic light scattering and NMR diffusion data we were able to approximate the size distribution function for the APs. The key to the observed aggregation behavior is the diminished ability of disulfide-bonded RRM2 dimers to refold and their increased propensity to misfold, which makes them vulnerable to large thermal fluctuations. The emerging picture provides detailed insight on how oxidative stress can contribute to neurodegenerative disease, with unfolding, aggregation, and proteolytic cleavage as different facets of the process.
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Orrego AH, Trobo-Maseda L, Rocha-Martin J, Guisan JM. Immobilization-stabilization of a complex multimeric sucrose synthase from Nitrosomonas europaea. Synthesis of UDP-glucose. Enzyme Microb Technol 2017; 105:51-58. [PMID: 28756861 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2017.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Revised: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 06/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Sucrose synthases (SuSys) can be used to synthesize cost-effective uridine 5'-diphosphate glucose (UDP-glc) or can be coupled to glycosyltransferases (GTs) for the continuous recycling of UDP-glc. In this study, we present the first report of the immobilization-stabilization of a SuSy by multipoint covalent attachment. This stabilization strategy is very complex for multimeric enzymes because a very intense multipoint attachment can promote a dramatic loss of activity and/or stability. The homotetrameric SuSy from Nitrosomonas europaea (SuSyNe) was immobilized on a glyoxyl agarose support through two different orientations. The first occurred at pH 8.5 through the surface area containing the greatest number of amino termini from several enzyme subunits. The second orientation occurred at pH 10 through the region of the whole enzyme containing the highest number of Lys residues. The multipoint covalent immobilization of SuSy on glyoxyl agarose at pH 10 provided a very significant stabilization factor under reaction conditions (almost 1000-fold more stable than soluble enzyme). Unfortunately, this important enzyme rigidification led to a dramatic loss of catalytic activity. A less stabilized conjugate, which was 65-fold more stable than the soluble form, preserved 64% of its initial catalytic activity. This derivative could be used for 3 reaction cycles and yielded approximately 210mM of UDP-glc per cycle. This optimal biocatalyst was modified with a polycationic polymer, polyethyleneimine (PEI), increasing its stability in the presence of the organic co-solvents necessary to glycosylate apolar antioxidants by GTs coupled to SuSy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro H Orrego
- Departament of Biocatalysis. Institute of Catalysis and Petrochemistry (ICP) CSIC, Campus UAM, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Lara Trobo-Maseda
- Departament of Biocatalysis. Institute of Catalysis and Petrochemistry (ICP) CSIC, Campus UAM, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Rocha-Martin
- Departament of Biocatalysis. Institute of Catalysis and Petrochemistry (ICP) CSIC, Campus UAM, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain..
| | - Jose M Guisan
- Departament of Biocatalysis. Institute of Catalysis and Petrochemistry (ICP) CSIC, Campus UAM, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain..
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Vinther TN, Kjeldsen TB, Jensen KJ, Hubálek F. The road to the first, fully active and more stable human insulin variant with an additional disulfide bond. J Pept Sci 2015; 21:797-806. [DOI: 10.1002/psc.2822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Revised: 08/14/2015] [Accepted: 08/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Knud J. Jensen
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry; University of Copenhagen; DK-1871 Frederiksberg Denmark
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7
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Vinther TN, Pettersson I, Huus K, Schlein M, Steensgaard DB, Sørensen A, Jensen KJ, Kjeldsen T, Hubalek F. Additional disulfide bonds in insulin: Prediction, recombinant expression, receptor binding affinity, and stability. Protein Sci 2015; 24:779-88. [PMID: 25627966 PMCID: PMC4420526 DOI: 10.1002/pro.2649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2014] [Accepted: 01/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The structure of insulin, a glucose homeostasis-controlling hormone, is highly conserved in all vertebrates and stabilized by three disulfide bonds. Recently, we designed a novel insulin analogue containing a fourth disulfide bond located between positions A10-B4. The N-terminus of insulin's B-chain is flexible and can adapt multiple conformations. We examined how well disulfide bond predictions algorithms could identify disulfide bonds in this region of insulin. In order to identify stable insulin analogues with additional disulfide bonds, which could be expressed, the Cβ cut-off distance had to be increased in many instances and single X-ray structures as well as structures from MD simulations had to be used. The analogues that were identified by the algorithm without extensive adjustments of the prediction parameters were more thermally stable as assessed by DSC and CD and expressed in higher yields in comparison to analogues with additional disulfide bonds that were more difficult to predict. In contrast, addition of the fourth disulfide bond rendered all analogues resistant to fibrillation under stress conditions and all stable analogues bound to the insulin receptor with picomolar affinities. Thus activity and fibrillation propensity did not correlate with the results from the prediction algorithm. Statement: A fourth disulfide bond has recently been introduced into insulin, a small two-chain protein containing three native disulfide bonds. Here we show that a prediction algorithm predicts four additional four disulfide insulin analogues which could be expressed. Although the location of the additional disulfide bonds is only slightly shifted, this shift impacts both stability and activity of the resulting insulin analogues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tine N Vinther
- Diabetes Research UnitNovo Nordisk A/S, DK-2760, Måløv, Denmark
| | | | - Kasper Huus
- Diabetes Research UnitNovo Nordisk A/S, DK-2760, Måløv, Denmark
| | - Morten Schlein
- Diabetes Research UnitNovo Nordisk A/S, DK-2760, Måløv, Denmark
| | | | - Anders Sørensen
- Diabetes Research UnitNovo Nordisk A/S, DK-2760, Måløv, Denmark
| | - Knud J Jensen
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of CopenhagenDK-1871, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Thomas Kjeldsen
- Diabetes Research UnitNovo Nordisk A/S, DK-2760, Måløv, Denmark
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8
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Bosshart A, Panke S, Bechtold M. Systematic Optimization of Interface Interactions Increases the Thermostability of a Multimeric Enzyme. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201304141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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9
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Bosshart A, Panke S, Bechtold M. Systematic optimization of interface interactions increases the thermostability of a multimeric enzyme. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:9673-6. [PMID: 23893529 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201304141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Bosshart
- Bioprocess Laboratory, Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, Mattenstrasse 26, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
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10
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Singh P, Sharma L, Kulothungan SR, Adkar BV, Prajapati RS, Ali PSS, Krishnan B, Varadarajan R. Effect of signal peptide on stability and folding of Escherichia coli thioredoxin. PLoS One 2013; 8:e63442. [PMID: 23667620 PMCID: PMC3646739 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0063442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2012] [Accepted: 04/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The signal peptide plays a key role in targeting and membrane insertion of secretory and membrane proteins in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. In E. coli, recombinant proteins can be targeted to the periplasmic space by fusing naturally occurring signal sequences to their N-terminus. The model protein thioredoxin was fused at its N-terminus with malE and pelB signal sequences. While WT and the pelB fusion are soluble when expressed, the malE fusion was targeted to inclusion bodies and was refolded in vitro to yield a monomeric product with identical secondary structure to WT thioredoxin. The purified recombinant proteins were studied with respect to their thermodynamic stability, aggregation propensity and activity, and compared with wild type thioredoxin, without a signal sequence. The presence of signal sequences leads to thermodynamic destabilization, reduces the activity and increases the aggregation propensity, with malE having much larger effects than pelB. These studies show that besides acting as address labels, signal sequences can modulate protein stability and aggregation in a sequence dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pranveer Singh
- Molecular Biophysics Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Likhesh Sharma
- Molecular Biophysics Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | | | - Bharat V. Adkar
- Molecular Biophysics Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | | | - P. Shaik Syed Ali
- Molecular Biophysics Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Beena Krishnan
- Molecular Biophysics Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Raghavan Varadarajan
- Molecular Biophysics Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
- Chemical Biology Unit, Jawaharlal NehruCentre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur, Bangalore, India
- * E-mail:
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11
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Garcia-Galan C, Barbosa O, Fernandez-Lafuente R. Stabilization of the hexameric glutamate dehydrogenase from Escherichia coli by cations and polyethyleneimine. Enzyme Microb Technol 2013; 52:211-7. [PMID: 23540921 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2013.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2012] [Revised: 02/19/2013] [Accepted: 02/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The enzyme glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) from Escherichia coli is a hexameric protein. The stability of this enzyme was increased in the presence of Li(+) in concentrations ranging from 1 to 10mM, 1M of sodium phosphate, or 1M ammonium sulfate. A very significant dependence of the enzyme stability on protein concentration was found, suggesting that subunit dissociation could be the first step of GDH inactivation. This effect of enzyme concentration on its stability was not significantly decreased by the presence of 10mM Li(+). Subunit crosslinking could not be performed using neither dextran nor glutaraldehyde because both reagents readily inactivated GDH. Thus, they were discarded as crosslinking reagents and GDH was incubated in the presence of polyethyleneimine (PEI) with the aim of physically crosslinking the enzyme subunits. This incubation does not have a significant effect on enzyme activity. However, after optimization, the PEI-GDH was found to almost maintain the full initial activity after 2h under conditions where the untreated enzyme retained only 20% of the initial activity, and the effect of the enzyme concentration on enzyme stability almost disappeared. This stabilization was maintained in the pH range 5-9, but it was lost at high ionic strength. This PEI-GDH composite was also much more stable than the unmodified enzyme in stirred systems. The results suggested that a real adsorption of the PEI on the GDH surface was required to obtain this stabilizing effect. A positive effect of Li(+) on enzyme stability was maintained after enzyme surface coating with PEI, suggesting that the effects of both stabilizing agents could not be exactly based on the same mechanism. Thus, the coating of GDH surface with PEI seems to be a good alternative to have a stabilized and soluble composite of the enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Garcia-Galan
- Departamento de Biocatálisis, ICP-CSIC, Campus UAM, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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12
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Vinther TN, Norrman M, Ribel U, Huus K, Schlein M, Steensgaard DB, Pedersen TÅ, Pettersson I, Ludvigsen S, Kjeldsen T, Jensen KJ, Hubálek F. Insulin analog with additional disulfide bond has increased stability and preserved activity. Protein Sci 2013; 22:296-305. [PMID: 23281053 DOI: 10.1002/pro.2211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2012] [Revised: 12/04/2012] [Accepted: 12/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Insulin is a key hormone controlling glucose homeostasis. All known vertebrate insulin analogs have a classical structure with three 100% conserved disulfide bonds that are essential for structural stability and thus the function of insulin. It might be hypothesized that an additional disulfide bond may enhance insulin structural stability which would be highly desirable in a pharmaceutical use. To address this hypothesis, we designed insulin with an additional interchain disulfide bond in positions A10/B4 based on Cα-Cα distances, solvent exposure, and side-chain orientation in human insulin (HI) structure. This insulin analog had increased affinity for the insulin receptor and apparently augmented glucodynamic potency in a normal rat model compared with HI. Addition of the disulfide bond also resulted in a 34.6°C increase in melting temperature and prevented insulin fibril formation under high physical stress even though the C-terminus of the B-chain thought to be directly involved in fibril formation was not modified. Importantly, this analog was capable of forming hexamer upon Zn addition as typical for wild-type insulin and its crystal structure showed only minor deviations from the classical insulin structure. Furthermore, the additional disulfide bond prevented this insulin analog from adopting the R-state conformation and thus showing that the R-state conformation is not a prerequisite for binding to insulin receptor as previously suggested. In summary, this is the first example of an insulin analog featuring a fourth disulfide bond with increased structural stability and retained function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tine N Vinther
- Diabetes Research Unit, Novo Nordisk A/S, Novo Nordisk Park, Måløv DK-2760, Denmark
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Gautam S, Dubey P, Singh P, Kesavardhana S, Varadarajan R, Gupta MN. Smart polymer mediated purification and recovery of active proteins from inclusion bodies. J Chromatogr A 2012; 1235:10-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.02.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2011] [Revised: 02/16/2012] [Accepted: 02/21/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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14
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Indu S, Kumar ST, Thakurela S, Gupta M, Bhaskara RM, Ramakrishnan C, Varadarajan R. Disulfide conformation and design at helix N-termini. Proteins 2010; 78:1228-42. [PMID: 19938155 PMCID: PMC7167797 DOI: 10.1002/prot.22641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
To understand structural and thermodynamic features of disulfides within an α‐helix, a non‐redundant dataset comprising of 5025 polypeptide chains containing 2311 disulfides was examined. Thirty‐five examples were found of intrahelical disulfides involving a CXXC motif between the N‐Cap and third helical positions. GLY and PRO were the most common amino acids at positions 1 and 2, respectively. The N‐Cap residue for disulfide bonded CXXC motifs had average (ϕ,ψ) values of (−112 ± 25.2°, 106 ± 25.4°). To further explore conformational requirements for intrahelical disulfides, CYS pairs were introduced at positions N‐Cap‐3; 1,4; 7,10 in two helices of an Escherichia coli thioredoxin mutant lacking its active site disulfide (nSS Trx). In both helices, disulfides formed spontaneously during purification only at positions N‐Cap‐3. Mutant stabilities were characterized by chemical denaturation studies (in both oxidized and reduced states) and differential scanning calorimetry (oxidized state only). All oxidized as well as reduced mutants were destabilized relative to nSS Trx. All mutants were redox active, but showed decreased activity relative to wild‐type thioredoxin. Such engineered disulfides can be used to probe helix start sites in proteins of unknown structure and to introduce redox activity into proteins. Conversely, a protein with CYS residues at positions N‐Cap and 3 of an α‐helix is likely to have redox activity. Proteins 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Indu
- Molecular Biophysics Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560 012, India
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15
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Fernandez-Lafuente R. Stabilization of multimeric enzymes: Strategies to prevent subunit dissociation. Enzyme Microb Technol 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2009.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 503] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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16
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Crowley P, Matias P, Khan A, Roessle M, Svergun D. Metal-Mediated Self-Assembly of a β-Sandwich Protein. Chemistry 2009; 15:12672-80. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.200901410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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17
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Bolivar JM, Rocha-Martin J, Mateo C, Cava F, Berenguer J, Fernandez-Lafuente R, Guisan JM. Coating of Soluble and Immobilized Enzymes with Ionic Polymers: Full Stabilization of the Quaternary Structure of Multimeric Enzymes. Biomacromolecules 2009; 10:742-7. [DOI: 10.1021/bm801162e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Juan M. Bolivar
- Departamento de Biocatálisis, Instituto de Catálisis y Petroleoquímica-CSIC, Campus UAM, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain, and Departamento de Biología Molecular, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, CSIC-UAM, Campus UAM, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Rocha-Martin
- Departamento de Biocatálisis, Instituto de Catálisis y Petroleoquímica-CSIC, Campus UAM, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain, and Departamento de Biología Molecular, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, CSIC-UAM, Campus UAM, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Cesar Mateo
- Departamento de Biocatálisis, Instituto de Catálisis y Petroleoquímica-CSIC, Campus UAM, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain, and Departamento de Biología Molecular, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, CSIC-UAM, Campus UAM, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Felipe Cava
- Departamento de Biocatálisis, Instituto de Catálisis y Petroleoquímica-CSIC, Campus UAM, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain, and Departamento de Biología Molecular, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, CSIC-UAM, Campus UAM, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose Berenguer
- Departamento de Biocatálisis, Instituto de Catálisis y Petroleoquímica-CSIC, Campus UAM, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain, and Departamento de Biología Molecular, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, CSIC-UAM, Campus UAM, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Roberto Fernandez-Lafuente
- Departamento de Biocatálisis, Instituto de Catálisis y Petroleoquímica-CSIC, Campus UAM, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain, and Departamento de Biología Molecular, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, CSIC-UAM, Campus UAM, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose M. Guisan
- Departamento de Biocatálisis, Instituto de Catálisis y Petroleoquímica-CSIC, Campus UAM, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain, and Departamento de Biología Molecular, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, CSIC-UAM, Campus UAM, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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18
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Raghava S, Barua B, Singh PK, Das M, Madan L, Bhattacharyya S, Bajaj K, Gopal B, Varadarajan R, Gupta MN. Refolding and simultaneous purification by three-phase partitioning of recombinant proteins from inclusion bodies. Protein Sci 2008; 17:1987-97. [PMID: 18780821 DOI: 10.1110/ps.036939.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Many recombinant eukaryotic proteins tend to form insoluble aggregates called inclusion bodies, especially when expressed in Escherichia coli. We report the first application of the technique of three-phase partitioning (TPP) to obtain correctly refolded active proteins from solubilized inclusion bodies. TPP was used for refolding 12 different proteins overexpressed in E. coli. In each case, the protein refolded by TPP gave either higher refolding yield than the earlier reported method or succeeded where earlier efforts have failed. TPP-refolded proteins were characterized and compared to conventionally purified proteins in terms of their spectral characteristics and/or biological activity. The methodology is scaleable and parallelizable and does not require subsequent concentration steps. This approach may serve as a useful complement to existing refolding strategies of diverse proteins from inclusion bodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smita Raghava
- Chemistry Department, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
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