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Nguyen LT, Zimmermann K, Kowenz-Leutz E, Lim R, Hofstätter M, Mildner A, Leutz A. C/EBPβ-induced lymphoid-to-myeloid transdifferentiation emulates granulocyte-monocyte progenitor biology. Stem Cell Reports 2024; 19:112-125. [PMID: 38157851 PMCID: PMC10828814 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2023.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein beta (C/EBPβ) induces primary v-Abl immortalized mouse B cells to transdifferentiate (BT, B cell transdifferentiation) into granulocyte-macrophage progenitor-like cells (GMPBTs). GMPBTs maintain cytokine-independent self-renewal, lineage choice, and multilineage differentiation. Single-cell transcriptomics demonstrated that GMPBTs comprise a continuum of myelomonopoietic differentiation states that seamlessly fit into state-to-fate maps of normal granulocyte-macrophage progenitors (GMPs). Inactivating v-Abl kinase revealed the dependence on activated CSF2-JAK2-STAT5 signaling. Deleting IRF8 diminished monopoiesis and enhanced granulopoiesis while removing C/EBPβ-abrogated self-renewal and granulopoiesis but permitted macrophage differentiation. The GMPBT culture system is easily scalable to explore the basics of GMP biology and lineage commitment and largely reduces ethically and legislatively debatable, labor-intensive, and costly animal experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linh Thuy Nguyen
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Robert-Roessle-Str. 10, Berlin, Germany; Berlin School of Integrative Oncology (BSIO), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Karin Zimmermann
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Robert-Roessle-Str. 10, Berlin, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Kowenz-Leutz
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Robert-Roessle-Str. 10, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ramonique Lim
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Robert-Roessle-Str. 10, Berlin, Germany
| | - Maria Hofstätter
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Robert-Roessle-Str. 10, Berlin, Germany
| | - Alexander Mildner
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Robert-Roessle-Str. 10, Berlin, Germany; Institute of Biomedicine at University of Turku, Turku, Finland; InFLAMES Research Flagship, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Achim Leutz
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Robert-Roessle-Str. 10, Berlin, Germany.
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Wang GF, Niu X, Liu H, Dong Q, Yao Y, Wang D, Liu X, Cao C. c-Abl kinase regulates cell proliferation and ionizing radiation-induced G2/M arrest via phosphorylation of FHL2. FEBS Open Bio 2021; 11:1731-1738. [PMID: 33932144 PMCID: PMC8167852 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.13177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonreceptor tyrosine kinase c‐Abl participates in several cellular processes by phosphorylating transcription factors or cofactors. c‐Abl binds and phosphorylates four‐and‐a‐half‐LIM‐only protein 2 (FHL2), but the identity of the phosphorylation sites and their contribution to cell cycle regulation is unclear. In this study, we demonstrate that c‐Abl highly phosphorylates FHL2 at Y97, Y176, Y217, and Y236 through mass spectrometry and tyrosine‐to‐phenylalanine (Y → F) mutant analysis. Proliferation was inhibited in cells expressing wild‐type (WT) FHL2 but not cells expressing the phosphorylation‐defective mutant FHL2(4YF). Moreover, FHL2 contributed to cell cycle arrest at G2/M induced by ionizing radiation (IR). FHL2 WT but not FHL2(4YF) rescued FHL2 function in FHL2‐depleted cells by causing IR‐induced G2/M arrest. These results demonstrate that c‐Abl regulates cell cycle progression by phosphorylating FHL2.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hainan Liu
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, China
| | | | - Yebao Yao
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, China
| | - Di Wang
- Anhui University, Hefei, China
| | - Xuan Liu
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, China
| | - Cheng Cao
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, China
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3
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c-Abl activates RIPK3 signaling in Gaucher disease. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2021; 1867:166089. [PMID: 33549745 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2021.166089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Gaucher disease (GD) is caused by homozygous mutations in the GBA1 gene, which encodes the lysosomal β-glucosidase (GBA) enzyme. GD affects several organs and tissues, including the brain in certain variants of the disease. Heterozygous GBA1 variants are a major genetic risk factor for developing Parkinson's disease. The RIPK3 kinase is relevant in GD and its deficiency improves the neurological and visceral symptoms in a murine GD model. RIPK3 mediates necroptotic-like cell death: it is unknown whether the role of RIPK3 in GD is the direct induction of necroptosis or if it has a more indirect function by mediating necrosis-independent. Also, the mechanisms that activate RIPK3 in GD are currently unknown. In this study, we show that c-Abl tyrosine kinase participates upstream of RIPK3 in GD. We found that the active, phosphorylated form of c-Abl is increased in several GD models, including patient's fibroblasts and GBA null mice. Furthermore, its pharmacological inhibition with the FDA-approved drug Imatinib decreased RIPK3 signaling. We found that c-Abl interacts with RIPK3, that RIPK3 is phosphorylated at a tyrosine site, and that this phosphorylation is reduced when c-Abl is inhibited. Genetic ablation of c-Abl in neuronal GD and GD mice models significantly reduced RIPK3 activation and MLKL downstream signaling. These results showed that c-Abl signaling is a new upstream pathway that activates RIPK3 and that its inhibition is an attractive therapeutic approach for the treatment of GD.
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Jamieson SA, Ruan Z, Burgess AE, Curry JR, McMillan HD, Brewster JL, Dunbier AK, Axtman AD, Kannan N, Mace PD. Substrate binding allosterically relieves autoinhibition of the pseudokinase TRIB1. Sci Signal 2018; 11:11/549/eaau0597. [PMID: 30254053 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aau0597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The Tribbles family of pseudokinases recruits substrates to the ubiquitin ligase COP1 to facilitate ubiquitylation. CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein (C/EBP) family transcription factors are crucial Tribbles substrates in adipocyte and myeloid cell development. We found that the TRIB1 pseudokinase was able to recruit various C/EBP family members and that the binding of C/EBPβ was attenuated by phosphorylation. To explain the mechanism of C/EBP recruitment, we solved the crystal structure of TRIB1 in complex with C/EBPα, which revealed that TRIB1 underwent a substantial conformational change relative to its substrate-free structure and bound C/EBPα in a pseudosubstrate-like manner. Crystallographic analysis and molecular dynamics and subsequent biochemical assays showed that C/EBP binding triggered allosteric changes that link substrate recruitment to COP1 binding. These findings offer a view of pseudokinase regulation with striking parallels to bona fide kinase regulation-by means of the activation loop and αC helix-and raise the possibility of small molecules targeting either the activation "loop-in" or "loop-out" conformations of Tribbles pseudokinases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam A Jamieson
- Biochemistry Department, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, 710 Cumberland Street, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | - Zheng Ruan
- Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Abigail E Burgess
- Biochemistry Department, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, 710 Cumberland Street, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | - Jack R Curry
- Biochemistry Department, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, 710 Cumberland Street, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | - Hamish D McMillan
- Biochemistry Department, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, 710 Cumberland Street, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | - Jodi L Brewster
- Biochemistry Department, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, 710 Cumberland Street, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | - Anita K Dunbier
- Biochemistry Department, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, 710 Cumberland Street, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | - Alison D Axtman
- Structural Genomics Consortium, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.,Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Natarajan Kannan
- Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.,Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Peter D Mace
- Biochemistry Department, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, 710 Cumberland Street, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand.
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5
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Daraiseh SI, Kassardjian A, Alexander KE, Rizkallah R, Hurt MM. c-Abl phosphorylation of Yin Yang 1's conserved tyrosine 254 in the spacer region modulates its transcriptional activity. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2018; 1865:1173-1186. [PMID: 29807053 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2018.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Revised: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Yin Yang 1 (YY1) is a multifunctional transcription factor that can activate or repress transcription depending on the promotor and/or the co-factors recruited. YY1 is phosphorylated in various signaling pathways and is critical for different biological functions including embryogenesis, apoptosis, proliferation, cell-cycle regulation and tumorigenesis. Here we report that YY1 is a substrate for c-Abl kinase phosphorylation at conserved residue Y254 in the spacer region. Pharmacological inhibition of c-Abl kinase by imatinib, nilotinib and GZD824, knock-down of c-Abl using siRNA, and the use of c-Abl kinase-dead drastically reduces tyrosine phosphorylation of YY1. Both radioactive and non-radioactive in vitro kinase assays, as well as co-immunoprecipitation in different cell lines, show that the target of c-Abl phosphorylation is tyrosine residue 254. c-Abl phosphorylation has little effect on YY1 DNA binding ability or cellular localization in asynchronous cells. However, functional studies reveal that c-Abl mediated phosphorylation of YY1 regulates YY1's transcriptional ability in vivo. In conclusion, we demonstrate the novel role of c-Abl kinase in regulation of YY1's transcriptional activity, linking YY1 regulation with c-Abl tyrosine kinase signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan I Daraiseh
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Ari Kassardjian
- David Geffen School of Medicine, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Karen E Alexander
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Raed Rizkallah
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Myra M Hurt
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA.
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6
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Dong Q, Li C, Qu X, Cao C, Liu X. Global Regulation of Differential Gene Expression by c-Abl/Arg Oncogenic Kinases. Med Sci Monit 2017; 23:2625-2635. [PMID: 28555614 PMCID: PMC5462482 DOI: 10.12659/msm.904888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Studies have found that c-Abl oncogenic kinases may regulate gene transcription by RNA polymerase II phosphorylation or by direct regulation of specific transcription factors or coactivators. However, the global regulation of differential gene expression by c-Abl/Arg is largely unknown. In this study, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) regulated by c-Abl/Arg were identified, and related cellular functions and associated pathways were investigated. Material/Methods RNA obtained from wild-type and c-Abl/Arg gene-silenced MCF-7 cells was analyzed by RNA-Seq. DEGs were identified using edgeR software and partially validated by qRT-PCR. Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses were used to explore the potential functions of these DEGs. Results A total of 1,034 DEGs were significantly regulated by c-Abl/Arg (399 were up-regulated and 635 were down-regulated after c-Abl/Arg double knockdown). GO and KEGG analyses showed that the DEGs were primarily involved in cellular metabolic processes, neurodegenerative disease, the metabolic process and signaling pathway of cAMP, angiogenesis, and cell proliferation. Conclusions Our data collectively support the hypothesis that c-Abl/Arg regulate differential gene expression, providing new insights into the biological functions of c-Abl and Arg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qincai Dong
- Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, China (mainland)
| | - Chenggong Li
- Institute of Health Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, China (mainland)
| | - Xiuhua Qu
- Center of Basic Medical Sciences, Navy General Hospital of PLA, Beijing, China (mainland)
| | - Cheng Cao
- Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, China (mainland)
| | - Xuan Liu
- Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijng, China (mainland)
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7
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Huber R, Panterodt T, Welz B, Christmann M, Friesenhagen J, Westphal A, Pietsch D, Brand K. C/EBPβ-LAP*/LAP Expression Is Mediated by RSK/eIF4B-Dependent Signalling and Boosted by Increased Protein Stability in Models of Monocytic Differentiation. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0144338. [PMID: 26646662 PMCID: PMC4672875 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0144338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor C/EBPβ plays a key role in monocytic differentiation and inflammation. Its small isoform LIP is associated with proliferation at early premonocytic developmental stages and regulated via mTOR-dependent signalling. During later stages of (pre)monocytic differentiation there is a considerable increase in the large C/EBPβ isoforms LAP*/LAP which inhibit proliferation thus supporting terminal differentiation. Here, we showed in different models of monocytic differentiation that this dramatic increase in the LAP*/LAP protein and LAP/LIP ratio was accompanied by an only modest/retarded mRNA increase suggesting an important role for (post)translational mechanisms. We found that LAP*/LAP formation was induced via MEK/RSK-dependent cascades, whereas mTOR/S6K1 were not involved. Remarkably, LAP*/LAP expression was dependent on phosphorylated eIF4B, an acceleratory protein of RNA helicase eIF4A. PKR inhibition reduced the expression of eIF4B and C/EBPβ in an eIF2α-independent manner. Furthermore, under our conditions a marked stabilisation of LAP*/LAP protein occurred, accompanied by reduced chymotrypsin-like proteasome/calpain activities and increased calpastatin levels. Our study elucidates new signalling pathways inducing LAP*/LAP expression and indicates new alternative PKR functions in monocytes. The switch from mTOR- to RSK-mediated signalling to orchestrate eIF4B-dependent LAP*/LAP translation, accompanied by increased protein stability but only small mRNA changes, may be a prototypical example for the regulation of protein expression during selected processes of differentiation/proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- René Huber
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Thomas Panterodt
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Bastian Welz
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Martin Christmann
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Judith Friesenhagen
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Andreas Westphal
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Daniel Pietsch
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Korbinian Brand
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
- * E-mail:
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8
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Gonzalez-Zuñiga M, Contreras PS, Estrada LD, Chamorro D, Villagra A, Zanlungo S, Seto E, Alvarez AR. c-Abl stabilizes HDAC2 levels by tyrosine phosphorylation repressing neuronal gene expression in Alzheimer's disease. Mol Cell 2014; 56:163-73. [PMID: 25219501 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2014.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2014] [Revised: 07/02/2014] [Accepted: 08/07/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
In Alzheimer's disease (AD), there is a decrease in neuronal gene expression induced by HDAC2 increase; however, the mechanisms involved are not fully elucidated. Here, we described how the tyrosine kinase c-Abl increases HDAC2 levels, inducing transcriptional repression of synaptic genes. Our data demonstrate that (1) in neurons, c-Abl inhibition with Imatinib prevents the AβO-induced increase in HDAC2 levels; (2) c-Abl knockdown cells show a decrease in HDAC2 levels, while c-Abl overexpression increases them; (3) c-Abl inhibition reduces HDAC2-dependent repression activity and HDAC2 recruitment to the promoter of several synaptic genes, increasing their expression; (4) c-Abl induces tyrosine phosphorylation of HDAC2, a posttranslational modification, affecting both its stability and repression activity; and (5) treatment with Imatinib decreases HDAC2 levels in a transgenic mice model of AD. Our results support the participation of the c-Abl/HDAC2 signaling pathway in the epigenetic blockade of gene expression in AD pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo Gonzalez-Zuñiga
- Department of Cell & Molecular Biology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8331010, Chile; Biological and Chemistry Sciences Department, Universidad Bernardo O'Higgins, Santiago 8370993, Chile
| | - Pablo S Contreras
- Department of Cell & Molecular Biology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8331010, Chile; Department of Gastroenterology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8331010, Chile
| | - Lisbell D Estrada
- Department of Cell & Molecular Biology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8331010, Chile; Biological and Chemistry Sciences Department, Universidad Bernardo O'Higgins, Santiago 8370993, Chile
| | - David Chamorro
- Department of Cell & Molecular Biology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8331010, Chile
| | - Alejandro Villagra
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Silvana Zanlungo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8331010, Chile
| | - Edward Seto
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Alejandra R Alvarez
- Department of Cell & Molecular Biology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8331010, Chile.
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Bianchi C, Torsello B, Di Stefano V, Zipeto MA, Facchetti R, Bombelli S, Perego RA. One isoform of Arg/Abl2 tyrosine kinase is nuclear and the other seven cytosolic isoforms differently modulate cell morphology, motility and the cytoskeleton. Exp Cell Res 2013; 319:2091-2102. [PMID: 23707396 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2013.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2013] [Revised: 05/10/2013] [Accepted: 05/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The non-receptor tyrosine kinase Abelson related gene (Arg/Abl2) regulates cell migration and morphogenesis by modulating the cytoskeleton. Arg promotes actin-based cell protrusions and spreading, and inhibits cell migration by attenuating stress fiber formation and contractility via activation of the RhoA inhibitor, p190RhoGAP, and by regulating focal adhesion dynamics also via CrkII phosphorylation. Eight full-length Arg isoforms with different N- and C-termini are endogenously expressed in human cells. In this paper, the eight Arg isoforms, subcloned in the pFLAG-CMV2 vector, were transfected in COS-7 cells in order to study their subcellular distribution and role in cell morphology, migration and cytoskeletal modulation. The transfected 1BSCTS Arg isoform has a nuclear distribution and phosphorylates CrkII in the nucleus, whilst the other isoforms are detected in the cytoplasm. The 1BLCTL, 1BSCTL, 1ASCTS isoforms were able to significantly decrease stress fibers, induce cell shrinkage and filopodia-like protrusions with a significant increase in p190RhoGAP phosphorylation. In contrast, 1ALCTL, 1ALCTS, 1ASCTL and 1BLCTS isoforms do not significantly decrease stress fibers and induce the formation of retraction tail-like protrusions. The 1BLCTL and 1ALCTL isoforms have different effects on cell migration and focal adhesions. All these data may open new perspectives to study the mechanisms of cell invasiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Bianchi
- Department of Health Sciences, Milano-Bicocca University, 20900 Monza (MB), Italy
| | - Barbara Torsello
- Department of Health Sciences, Milano-Bicocca University, 20900 Monza (MB), Italy
| | - Vitalba Di Stefano
- Department of Health Sciences, Milano-Bicocca University, 20900 Monza (MB), Italy
| | - Maria A Zipeto
- Department of Health Sciences, Milano-Bicocca University, 20900 Monza (MB), Italy
| | - Rita Facchetti
- Department of Health Sciences, Milano-Bicocca University, 20900 Monza (MB), Italy
| | - Silvia Bombelli
- Department of Health Sciences, Milano-Bicocca University, 20900 Monza (MB), Italy
| | - Roberto A Perego
- Department of Health Sciences, Milano-Bicocca University, 20900 Monza (MB), Italy.
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Qiu C, Wang J, Cui Q. miR2Gene: pattern discovery of single gene, multiple genes, and pathways by enrichment analysis of their microRNA regulators. BMC SYSTEMS BIOLOGY 2011; 5 Suppl 2:S9. [PMID: 22784580 PMCID: PMC3287489 DOI: 10.1186/1752-0509-5-s2-s9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In recent years, a number of tools have been developed to explore microRNAs (miRNAs) by analyzing their target genes. However, a reverse problem, that is, inferring patterns of protein-coding genes through their miRNA regulators, has not been explored. As various miRNA annotation data become available, exploring gene patterns by analyzing the prior knowledge of their miRNA regulators is becoming more feasible. RESULTS In this study, we developed a tool, miR2Gene, for this purpose. Various sets of miRNAs, according to prior rules such as function, associated disease, tissue specificity, family, and cluster, were integrated with miR2Gene. For given genes, miR2Gene evaluates the enrichment of the predicted miRNAs that regulate them in each miRNA set. This tool can be used for single genes, multiple genes, and KEGG pathways. For the KEGG pathway, genes with enriched miRNA sets are highlighted according to various rules. We confirmed the usefulness of miR2Gene through case studies. CONCLUSIONS miR2Gene represents a novel and useful tool that integrates miRNA knowledge for protein-coding gene analysis. miR2Gene is freely available at http://cmbi.hsc.pku.edu.cn/mir2gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengxiang Qiu
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
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11
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Son DS, Terranova PF, Roby KF. Interaction of adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate and tumor necrosis factor-alpha on serum amyloid A3 expression in mouse granulosa cells: dependence on CCAAT-enhancing binding protein-beta isoform. Endocrinology 2010; 151:3407-19. [PMID: 20444945 PMCID: PMC2903928 DOI: 10.1210/en.2009-1321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
TNFalpha is an inflammatory-related cytokine that has inhibitory effects on gonadotropin- and cAMP-stimulated steroidogenesis and folliculogenesis. Because ovulation is an inflammatory reaction and TNF specifically induces serum amyloid A3 (SAA3) in mouse granulosa cells, the effect of cAMP on TNF-induced SAA3 promoter activity, mRNA and protein was investigated. Granulosa cells from immature mice were cultured with TNF and/or cAMP. TNF increased SAA3 promoter activity, mRNA, and protein, which were further increased by cAMP. cAMP alone increased SAA3 promoter activity, but SAA3 mRNA and protein remained undetectable. Thus, there appeared to be different mechanisms by which TNF and cAMP regulated SAA3 expression. SAA3 promoters lacking a nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB-like site or containing its mutant were not responsive to TNF but were responsive to cAMP. Among four CCAAT-enhancing binding protein (C/EBP) sites in the SAA3 promoter, the C/EBP site nearest the NF-kappaB-like site was required for TNF-induced SAA3. The C/EBP site at -75/-67 was necessary for responsiveness to cAMP. Dominant-negative C/EBP and cAMP response element-binding protein or short interfering RNA of C/EBPbeta blocked TNF- or cAMP-induced SAA3 promoter activity. The combination of TNF and cAMP increased C/EBPbeta protein above that induced by TNF or cAMP alone. Thus, cAMP in combination with TNF specifically induced C/EBPbeta protein, leading to enhanced SAA3 expression but requiring NF-kappaB in mouse granulose cells. In addition, like TNF, SAA inhibited cAMP-induced estradiol accumulation and CYP19 levels. These data indicate SAA may play a role in events occurring during the ovulation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deok-Soo Son
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208, USA
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