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USP48 and A20 synergistically promote cell survival in Helicobacter pylori infection. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:461. [PMID: 35913642 PMCID: PMC9343311 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04489-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
The human pathogen Helicobacter pylori represents a risk factor for the development of gastric diseases including cancer. The H. pylori-induced transcription factor nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) is involved in the pro-inflammatory response and cell survival in the gastric mucosa, and represents a trailblazer of gastric pathophysiology. Termination of nuclear NF-κB heterodimer RelA/p50 activity is regulated by the ubiquitin-RING-ligase complex elongin-cullin-suppressor of cytokine signalling 1 (ECSSOCS1), which leads to K48-ubiquitinylation and degradation of RelA. We found that deubiquitinylase (DUB) ubiquitin specific protease 48 (USP48), which interacts with the COP9 signalosome (CSN) subunit CSN1, stabilises RelA by deubiquitinylation and thereby promotes the transcriptional activity of RelA to prolong de novo synthesis of DUB A20 in H. pylori infection. An important role of A20 is the suppression of caspase-8 activity and apoptotic cell death. USP48 thus enhances the activity of A20 to reduce apoptotic cell death in cells infected with H. pylori. Our results, therefore, define a synergistic mechanism by which USP48 and A20 regulate RelA and apoptotic cell death in H. pylori infection.
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2
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Chaithongyot S, Naumann M. Helicobacter pylori-induced reactive oxygen species direct turnover of CSN-associated STAMBPL1 and augment apoptotic cell death. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:86. [PMID: 35066747 PMCID: PMC8784504 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04135-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Revised: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Deubiquitinylases (DUBs) are central regulators of the ubiquitin system involved in protein regulation and cell signalling and are important for a variety of physiological processes. Most DUBs are cysteine proteases, and few other proteases are metalloproteases of the JAB1/MPN +/MOV34 protease family (JAMM). STAM-binding protein like 1 (STAMBPL1), a member of the JAMM family, cleaves ubiquitin bonds and has a function in regulating cell survival, Tax-mediated nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) activation and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. However, the molecular mechanism by which STAMBPL1 influences cell survival is not well defined, especially with regard to its deubiquitinylation function. Here, we show that reactive oxygen species (ROS) induced by chemotherapeutic agents or the human microbial pathogen Helicobacter pylori can induce cullin 1-RING ubiquitin ligase (CRL1) and 26S proteasome-dependent degradation STAMBPL1. Interestingly, STAMBPL1 has a direct interaction with the constitutive photomorphogenic 9 (COP9 or CSN) signalosome subunits CSN5 and CSN6. The interaction with the CSN is required for the stabilisation and function of the STAMBPL1 protein. In addition, STAMBPL1 deubiquitinylates the anti-apoptotic protein Survivin and thus ameliorates cell survival. In summary, our data reveal a previously unknown mechanism by which the deubiquitinylase STAMBPL1 and the E3 ligase CRL1 balance the level of Survivin degradation and thereby determine apoptotic cell death. In response to genotoxic stress, the degradation of STAMBPL1 augments apoptotic cell death. This new mechanism may be useful to develop therapeutic strategies targeting STAMBPL1 in tumours that have high STAMBPL1 and Survivin protein levels.
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3
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Jain S, Hu C, Kluza J, Ke W, Tian G, Giurgiu M, Bleilevens A, Campos AR, Charbono A, Stickeler E, Maurer J, Holinski-Feder E, Vaisburg A, Bureik M, Luo G, Marchetti P, Cheng Y, Wolf DA. Metabolic targeting of cancer by a ubiquinone uncompetitive inhibitor of mitochondrial complex I. Cell Chem Biol 2021; 29:436-450.e15. [PMID: 34852219 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2021.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
SMIP004-7 is a small molecule inhibitor of mitochondrial respiration with selective in vivo anti-cancer activity through an as-yet unknown molecular target. We demonstrate here that SMIP004-7 targets drug-resistant cancer cells with stem-like features by inhibiting mitochondrial respiration complex I (NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase, complex I [CI]). Instead of affecting the quinone-binding site targeted by most CI inhibitors, SMIP004-7 and its cytochrome P450-dependent activated metabolite(s) have an uncompetitive mechanism of inhibition involving a distinct N-terminal region of catalytic subunit NDUFS2 that leads to rapid disassembly of CI. SMIP004-7 and an improved chemical analog selectively engage NDUFS2 in vivo to inhibit the growth of triple-negative breast cancer transplants, a response mediated at least in part by boosting CD4+ and CD8+ T cell-mediated immune surveillance. Thus, SMIP004-7 defines an emerging class of ubiquinone uncompetitive CI inhibitors for cell autonomous and microenvironmental metabolic targeting of mitochondrial respiration in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shashi Jain
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92024, USA
| | - Cheng Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Stress Biology and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiang'An South Road, Xiamen, China
| | - Jerome Kluza
- Université de Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut pour la Recherche sur le Cancer de Lille, UMR9020 - UMR-S 1277 - Canther - Cancer Heterogeneity, Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Wei Ke
- State Key Laboratory of Stress Biology and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiang'An South Road, Xiamen, China
| | - Guiyou Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Stress Biology and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiang'An South Road, Xiamen, China
| | | | - Andreas Bleilevens
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | | | - Adriana Charbono
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92024, USA
| | - Elmar Stickeler
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Jochen Maurer
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Elke Holinski-Feder
- MGZ Medical Genetics Center Munich, 80335 Munich, Germany; Department of Medicine IV, Campus Innenstadt, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Arkadii Vaisburg
- Crocus Laboratories Inc., Montreal, QC, Canada; NuChem Sciences Inc., Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Matthias Bureik
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Guangcheng Luo
- Department of Urology, Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Philippe Marchetti
- Université de Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut pour la Recherche sur le Cancer de Lille, UMR9020 - UMR-S 1277 - Canther - Cancer Heterogeneity, Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies, 59000 Lille, France; Centre de Bio-Pathologie, Banque de Tissus, CHU of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Yabin Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Stress Biology and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiang'An South Road, Xiamen, China.
| | - Dieter A Wolf
- State Key Laboratory of Stress Biology and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiang'An South Road, Xiamen, China; MGZ Medical Genetics Center Munich, 80335 Munich, Germany; Department of Internal Medicine II, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany.
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4
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Sun L. COPS8 in cutaneous melanoma: an oncogene that accelerates the malignant development of tumor cells and predicts poor prognosis. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2021; 85:242-250. [PMID: 33604618 DOI: 10.1093/bbb/zbaa017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the roles of COP9 signalosome subunit 8 (COPS8) and its underlying mechanism in cutaneous melanoma. Bioinformatics tools were utilized to analyze the expression of COPS8 in cutaneous melanoma, while Kaplan-Meier analysis was employed to assess the correlation between COPS8 and patients' overall survival. The proliferation, migration, and invasion of cells were estimated by CCK8, colony formation, and Transwell assays. Western blot was used to check the expression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related proteins. Results showed that COPS8 was up-regulated and predicted a poor clinical outcome for cutaneous melanoma patients. Knockdown of COPS8 inhibited cutaneous melanoma cell proliferation, migration and invasion, whereas overexpression of COPS8 resulted in the opposite outcomes. The up-regulation of E-cadherin and down-regulation of N-cadherin, vimentin, and snail were caused by silencing COPS8 while their expression showed contrary trends in cells with overexpressed COPS8. Collectively, COPS8 is up-regulated and promotes cutaneous melanoma progression via regulating EMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangliang Sun
- Department of Dermatology, Daqing Oilfield General Hospital, No. 9 ZhongKang street, Daqing City, Heilongjiang Province, P. R. China
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5
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Kang S, Larbi D, Andrade M, Reardon S, Reh TA, Wohl SG. A Comparative Analysis of Reactive Müller Glia Gene Expression After Light Damage and microRNA-Depleted Müller Glia-Focus on microRNAs. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 8:620459. [PMID: 33614628 PMCID: PMC7891663 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.620459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Müller glia (MG) are the predominant glia in the neural retina and become reactive after injury or in disease. microRNAs (miRNAs) are translational repressors that regulate a variety of processes during development and are required for MG function. However, no data is available about the MG miRNAs in reactive gliosis. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to profile miRNAs and mRNAs in reactive MG 7 days after light damage. Light damage was performed for 8 h at 10,000 lux; this leads to rapid neuronal loss and strong MG reactivity. miRNAs were profiled using the Nanostring platform, gene expression analysis was conducted via microarray. We compared the light damage dataset with the dataset of Dicer deleted MG in order to find similarities and differences. We found: (1) The vast majority of MG miRNAs declined in reactive MG 7 days after light damage. (2) Only four miRNAs increased after light damage, which included miR-124. (3) The top 10 genes found upregulated in reactive MG after light damage include Gfap, Serpina3n, Ednrb and Cxcl10. (4) The miRNA decrease in reactive MG 7 days after injury resembles the profile of Dicer-depleted MG after one month. (5) The comparison of both mRNA expression datasets (light damage and Dicer-cKO) showed 1,502 genes were expressed under both conditions, with Maff , Egr2, Gadd45b, and Atf3 as top upregulated candidates. (6) The DIANA-TarBase v.8 miRNA:RNA interaction tool showed that three miRNAs were found to be present in all networks, i.e., after light damage, and in the combined data set; these were miR-125b-5p, let-7b and let-7c. Taken together, results show there is an overlap of gene regulatory events that occur in reactive MG after light damage (direct damage of neurons) and miRNA-depleted MG (Dicer-cKO), two very different paradigms. This suggests that MG miRNAs play an important role in a ubiquitous MG stress response and manipulating these miRNAs could be a first step to attenuate gliosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seoyoung Kang
- Department of Biological and Vision Sciences, College of Optometry, The State University of New York, New York, NY, United States
| | - Daniel Larbi
- Department of Biological and Vision Sciences, College of Optometry, The State University of New York, New York, NY, United States
| | - Monica Andrade
- Department of Biological and Vision Sciences, College of Optometry, The State University of New York, New York, NY, United States
| | - Sara Reardon
- Department of Biological Structure, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Thomas A. Reh
- Department of Biological Structure, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Stefanie G. Wohl
- Department of Biological and Vision Sciences, College of Optometry, The State University of New York, New York, NY, United States
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6
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Chae HJ, Seo JB, Kim SH, Jeon YJ, Suh SS. Fhit induces the reciprocal suppressions between Lin28/Let-7 and miR-17/92miR. Int J Med Sci 2021; 18:706-714. [PMID: 33437205 PMCID: PMC7797533 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.51429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: Fhit gene is known as a genome "caretaker" and frequently inactivated by deletion or hypermethylation on the promoter in several cancers. In spite of several lines of evidence, the exact mechanism underlying Fhit-induced biology is relatively less studied. This study will focus the role of Fhit in regulating Lin28 and microRNAs (miRNAs) loop. Material and Methods: To this end, we employed Fhit overexpressing isogenic cell lines to conduct miRNA nanostring array, and differentially expressed miRNAs were identified. Using real-time PCR and Western blot analysis, expression levels of Lin28b or miRNAs were investigated in response to the overexpression of Fhit gene in H1299 lung cancer cells. Results: A series of in vitro including gene nanostring analyses revealed that Lin28B protein was induced by Fhit gene overexpression, which consequently suppressed Let-7 miRNAs. Also, we found that miRNAs in miR-17/92 clusters are redundantly increased and there is an inverse correlation between Let-7 and miR-17/92 clusters in Fhit-expressing cells. Also, a series of in vitro experiments suggests that ELF-1- and/or STAT1-dependent Lin28b regulation is responsible for Let-7 induction in Fhit-expressing cancer cells. Conclusions: Based on the same experimental system proving that Fhit gene has a robust role in suppressing tumor progression and epithelial-mesenchymal transition, our data show that Fhit mediates the negative feedback between Lin28/Let-7 axis and miR-17/-92 miRNA although the physiological relevance of current interesting observation should be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hae-Jung Chae
- Department of Biosciences, Mokpo National University, Joennam 58554, South Korea
| | - Jong Bae Seo
- Department of Biosciences, Mokpo National University, Joennam 58554, South Korea.,Department of Biomedicine, Health & Life Convergence Science, BK21 Four, Mokpo National University, Joennam 58554, South Korea
| | - Sung-Hak Kim
- Lab of Animal Molecular Biochemistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Jun Jeon
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea
| | - Sung-Suk Suh
- Department of Biosciences, Mokpo National University, Joennam 58554, South Korea.,Department of Biomedicine, Health & Life Convergence Science, BK21 Four, Mokpo National University, Joennam 58554, South Korea
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7
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Huang R, Meng T, Chen R, Yan P, Zhang J, Hu P, Zhu X, Yin H, Song D, Huang Z. The construction and analysis of tumor-infiltrating immune cell and ceRNA networks in recurrent soft tissue sarcoma. Aging (Albany NY) 2019; 11:10116-10143. [PMID: 31739284 PMCID: PMC6914407 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Soft tissue sarcoma (STS) is one of the most challenging tumors for medical oncologists, with a high rate of recurrence after initial resection. In this study, a recurrent STS-specific competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network including seven recurrence and overall survival (OS)-associated genes (LPP-AS2, MUC1, GAB2, hsa-let-7i-5p, hsa-let-7f-5p, hsa-miR-101-3p and hsa-miR-1226-3p) was established based on the gene expression profiling of 259 primary sarcomas and 3 local recurrence samples from the TCGA database. The algorithm "cell type identification by estimating relative subsets of RNA transcripts (CIBERSORT)" was applied to estimate the fraction of immune cells in sarcomas. Based on 5 recurrence and OS-associated immune cells (NK cells activated, dendritic cells resting, mast cells resting, mast cells activated and macrophages M1), we constructed a recurrent STS-specific immune cells network. Both nomograms were identified to have good reliabilities (Area Under Curve (AUC) of 5-year survival is 0.724 and 0.773, respectively). Then the co-expression analysis was performed to identify the potential regulation network among recurrent STS-specific immune cells and ceRNAs. Hsa-miR-1226-3p and MUC1 were significantly correlated and dendritic cells resting was related to hsa-miR-1226-3p. Additionally, the expression of MUC1 and dendritic cell marker CD11c were also verified by immunohistochemistry (IHC) assay and multidimensional databases. In conclusion, this study illustrated the potential mechanism of hsa-miR-1226-3p regulating MUC1 and dendritic cells resting might play an important role in STS recurrence. These findings might provide potential prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets for recurrent STS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runzhi Huang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China.,Division of Spine, Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200065, China
| | - Tong Meng
- Division of Spine, Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200065, China.,Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Rui Chen
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Penghui Yan
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Shanghai East Hospital, Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias, Ministry of Education, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Peng Hu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Xiaolong Zhu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Huabin Yin
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Dianwen Song
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Zongqiang Huang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
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8
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Yerukala Sathipati S, Ho SY. Identifying the miRNA signature associated with survival time in patients with lung adenocarcinoma using miRNA expression profiles. Sci Rep 2017; 7:7507. [PMID: 28790336 PMCID: PMC5548864 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-07739-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung adenocarcinoma is a multifactorial disease. MicroRNA (miRNA) expression profiles are extensively used for discovering potential theranostic biomarkers of lung cancer. This work proposes an optimized support vector regression (SVR) method called SVR-LUAD to simultaneously identify a set of miRNAs referred to the miRNA signature for estimating the survival time of lung adenocarcinoma patients using their miRNA expression profiles. SVR-LUAD uses an inheritable bi-objective combinatorial genetic algorithm to identify a small set of informative miRNAs cooperating with SVR by maximizing estimation accuracy. SVR-LUAD identified 18 out of 332 miRNAs using 10-fold cross-validation and achieved a correlation coefficient of 0.88 ± 0.01 and mean absolute error of 0.56 ± 0.03 year between real and estimated survival time. SVR-LUAD performs well compared to some well-recognized regression methods. The miRNA signature consists of the 18 miRNAs which strongly correlates with lung adenocarcinoma: hsa-let-7f-1, hsa-miR-16-1, hsa-miR-152, hsa-miR-217, hsa-miR-18a, hsa-miR-193b, hsa-miR-3136, hsa-let-7g, hsa-miR-155, hsa-miR-3199-1, hsa-miR-219-2, hsa-miR-1254, hsa-miR-1291, hsa-miR-192, hsa-miR-3653, hsa-miR-3934, hsa-miR-342, and hsa-miR-141. Gene ontology annotation and pathway analysis of the miRNA signature revealed its biological significance in cancer and cellular pathways. This miRNA signature could aid in the development of novel therapeutic approaches to the treatment of lung adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shinn-Ying Ho
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan. .,Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan.
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9
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Wicker CA, Izumi T. Analysis of RNA expression of normal and cancer tissues reveals high correlation of COP9 gene expression with respiratory chain complex components. BMC Genomics 2016; 17:983. [PMID: 27903243 PMCID: PMC5131501 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-016-3313-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COP9 signalosome, composed of eight subunits, is implicated in cancer genetics with its deneddylase activity to modulate cellular concentration of oncogenic proteins such as IkB and TGFβ. However, its function in the normal cell physiology remains elusive. Primarily focusing on gene expression data of the normal tissues of the head and neck, the cancer genome atlas (TCGA) database was used to identify groups of genes that were expressed synergistically with the COP9 genes, particularly with the COPS5 (CSN5), which possesses the catalytic activity of COP9. RESULTS Expressions of seven of the COP9 genes (COPS2, COPS3, COPS4, COPS5, COPS6, COPS7A, and COPS8) were found to be highly synergistic in the normal tissues. In contrast, the tumor tissues decreased the coordinated expression pattern of COP9 genes. Pathway analysis revealed a high coordination of the expression of the COPS5 and the other COP9 genes with mitochondria-related functional pathways, including genes encoding the respiratory chain complex. CONCLUSIONS The results indicate that mRNA expression data for the matched normal tissues available in TCGA are statistically reliable, and are highly useful to assess novel associations of genes with functional pathways in normal physiology as well as in the cancer tissues. This study revealed the significant correlation between the expressions of the COP9 genes and those related to the mitochondrial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina A Wicker
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, 1095 V.A. Dr, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Tadahide Izumi
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, 1095 V.A. Dr, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA.
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10
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Meister C, Gulko MK, Köhler AM, Braus GH. The devil is in the details: comparison between COP9 signalosome (CSN) and the LID of the 26S proteasome. Curr Genet 2016; 62:129-36. [PMID: 26497135 DOI: 10.1007/s00294-015-0525-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Revised: 10/05/2015] [Accepted: 10/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The COP9 signalosome (CSN) and the proteasomal LID are conserved macromolecular complexes composed of at least eight subunits with molecular weights of approximately 350 kDa. CSN and LID are part of the ubiquitin–proteasome pathway and cleave isopeptide linkages of lysine side chains on target proteins. CSN cleaves the isopeptide bond of ubiquitin-like protein Nedd8 from cullins, whereas the LID cleaves ubiquitin from target proteins sentenced for degradation. CSN and LID are structurally and functionally similar but the order of the assembly pathway seems to be different. The assembly differs in at least the last subunit joining the pre-assembled subcomplex. This review addresses the similarities and differences in structure, function and assembly of CSN and LID.
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11
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Testicular expression of the Lin28/let-7 system: Hormonal regulation and changes during postnatal maturation and after manipulations of puberty. Sci Rep 2015; 5:15683. [PMID: 26494358 PMCID: PMC4616161 DOI: 10.1038/srep15683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2015] [Accepted: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The Lin28/let-7 system, which includes the RNA-binding proteins, Lin28a/Lin28b, and let-7 miRNAs, has emerged as putative regulator of puberty and male gametogenesis; yet, its expression pattern and regulation in postnatal testis remain ill defined. We report herein expression profiles of Lin28 and let-7 members, and related mir-145 and mir-132, in rat testis during postnatal maturation and in models of altered puberty and hormonal deregulation. Neonatal expression of Lin28a and Lin28b was low and rose markedly during the infantile period; yet, expression patterns diverged thereafter, with persistently elevated levels only for Lin28b, which peaked at puberty. Let-7a, let-7b, mir-132 and mir-145 showed profiles opposite to Lin28b. In fact, let-7b and mir-145 were abundant in pachytene spermatocytes, but absent in elongating spermatids, where high expression of Lin28b was previously reported. Perturbation of puberty by neonatal estrogenization reverted the Lin28/let-7 expression ratio; expression changes were also detected in other models of delayed puberty, due to early photoperiod or nutritional manipulations. In addition, hypophysectomy or growth hormone (GH) deficiency revealed regulation of this system by gonadotropins and GH. Our data document the expression profiles of the Lin28/let-7 system in rat testis along postnatal/pubertal maturation, and their perturbation in models of pubertal and hormonal manipulation.
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12
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Wang G, Wang J, Zhao H, Wang J, Tony To SS. The role of Myc and let-7a in glioblastoma, glucose metabolism and response to therapy. Arch Biochem Biophys 2015; 580:84-92. [PMID: 26151775 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2015.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2015] [Revised: 07/02/2015] [Accepted: 07/03/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is thought to result from an imbalance between glucose metabolism and tumor growth. The Myc oncogene and lethal-7a microRNA (let-7a miRNA) have been suggested to cooperatively regulate multiple downstream targets leading to changes in chromosome stability, gene mutations, and/or modulation of tumor growth. Here, we review the roles of Myc and let-7a in glucose metabolism and tumor growth and addresses their future potential as prognostic markers and therapeutic tools in GBM. We focus on the functions of Myc and let-7a in glucose uptake, tumor survival, proliferation, and mobility of glioma cells. In addition, we discuss how regulation of different pathways by Myc or let-7a may be useful for future GBM therapies. A large body of evidence suggests that targeting Myc and let-7a may provide a selective mechanism for the deregulation of glucose metabolic pathways in glioma cells. Indeed, Myc and let-7a are aberrantly expressed in GBM and have been linked to the regulation of cell growth and glucose metabolism in GBM. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled "Targeting alternative glucose metabolism and regulate pathways in GBM cells for future glioblastoma therapies".
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Shanghai Eighth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200235, China; Hubei University of Medicine, No. 30 People South Road, Shiyan City, Hubei Province 442000, China.
| | - JunJie Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Shanghai Eighth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200235, China; Hubei University of Medicine, No. 30 People South Road, Shiyan City, Hubei Province 442000, China
| | - HuaFu Zhao
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery/Neuro-oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shing Shun Tony To
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
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13
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Dubiel D, Rockel B, Naumann M, Dubiel W. Diversity of COP9 signalosome structures and functional consequences. FEBS Lett 2015; 589:2507-13. [PMID: 26096786 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2015.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Revised: 06/09/2015] [Accepted: 06/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The COP9 signalosome (CSN) is a regulator of the ubiquitin (Ub) proteasome system (UPS). It interacts with hundreds of cullin-RING ubiquitin E3 ligases (CRLs) and regulates their activity by removing the Ub-like protein Nedd8 from cullins. In mammalian cells 7 different cullins exist which form CRLs with adaptor proteins and with a large number of substrate recognition subunits such as F-box and BTB proteins. This large variety of CRL-complexes is deneddylated by the CSN. The capacity of the CSN to interact with numerous types of CRL complexes can be explained by its structural diversity, which allows different CSN variants to interact with different binding partners and substrates and enables different subunit expression profiles. Diversity of CSN complexes presumably occurs by: (1) flexibility of CSN holo complex structure; (2) formation of CSN mini complexes and free CSN subunits and (3) generation of CSN variants via integration of CSN subunit isoforms. In this review we will discuss the structural diversity of the CSN complex and possible functional consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawadschargal Dubiel
- Institute of Experimental Internal Medicine, Medical Faculty, Otto von Guericke University, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Beate Rockel
- Department of Molecular Structural Biology, Max-Planck-Institute of Biochemistry, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Michael Naumann
- Institute of Experimental Internal Medicine, Medical Faculty, Otto von Guericke University, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Dubiel
- Department of General, Visceral, Vascular and Thoracic Surgery, Division of Molecular Biology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany.
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Schweitzer K, Naumann M. CSN-associated USP48 confers stability to nuclear NF-κB/RelA by trimming K48-linked Ub-chains. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2014; 1853:453-69. [PMID: 25486460 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2014.11.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2014] [Revised: 11/25/2014] [Accepted: 11/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Diligent balance of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) activity is essential owing to NF-κB's decisive role in cellular processes including inflammation, immunity and cell survival. Ubiquitin/proteasome-system (UPS)-dependent degradation of activated NF-κB/RelA involves the cullin-RING-ubiquitin-ligase (CRL) ECS(SOCS1). The COP9 signalosome (CSN) controls ubiquitin (Ub) ligation by CRLs through the removal of the CRL-activating Ub-like modifier NEDD8 from their cullin subunits and through deubiquitinase (DUB) activity of associated DUBs. However, knowledge about DUBs involved in the regulation of NF-κB activity within the nucleus is scarce. In this study we observed that USP48, a DUB of hitherto ill-defined function identified through a siRNA screen, associates with the CSN and RelA in the nucleus. We show that USP48 trims rather than completely disassembles long K48-linked free and substrate-anchored Ub-chains, a catalytic property only shared with ataxin-3 (Atx3) and otubain-1 (OTU1), and that USP48 Ub-chain-trimming activity is regulated by casein-kinase-2 (CK2)-mediated phosphorylation in response to cytokine-stimulation. Functionally, we demonstrate for the first time the CSN and USP48 to cooperatively stabilize the nuclear pool of RelA, thereby facilitating timely induction and shutoff of NF-κB target genes. In summary, this study demonstrates that USP48, a nuclear DUB regulated by CK2, controls the UPS-dependent turnover of activated NF-κB/RelA in the nucleus together with the CSN. Thereby USP48 contributes to a timely control of immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Schweitzer
- Otto von Guericke University, Medical Faculty, Institute of Experimental Internal Medicine, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Michael Naumann
- Otto von Guericke University, Medical Faculty, Institute of Experimental Internal Medicine, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany.
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15
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Sahin U, Ferhi O, Carnec X, Zamborlini A, Peres L, Jollivet F, Vitaliano-Prunier A, de Thé H, Lallemand-Breitenbach V. Interferon controls SUMO availability via the Lin28 and let-7 axis to impede virus replication. Nat Commun 2014; 5:4187. [PMID: 24942926 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms5187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2013] [Accepted: 05/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Small ubiquitin-related modifier (SUMO) protein conjugation onto target proteins regulates multiple cellular functions, including defence against pathogens, stemness and senescence. SUMO1 peptides are limiting in quantity and are thus mainly conjugated to high-affinity targets. Conjugation of SUMO2/3 paralogues is primarily stress inducible and may initiate target degradation. Here we demonstrate that the expression of SUMO1/2/3 is dramatically enhanced by interferons through an miRNA-based mechanism involving the Lin28/let-7 axis, a master regulator of stemness. Normal haematopoietic progenitors indeed display much higher SUMO contents than their differentiated progeny. Critically, SUMOs contribute to the antiviral effects of interferons against HSV1 or HIV. Promyelocytic leukemia (PML) nuclear bodies are interferon-induced domains, which facilitate sumoylation of a subset of targets. Our findings thus identify an integrated interferon-responsive PML/SUMO pathway that impedes viral replication by enhancing SUMO conjugation and possibly also modifying the repertoire of targets. Interferon-enhanced post-translational modifications may be essential for senescence or stem cell self-renewal, and initiate SUMO-dependent proteolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umut Sahin
- 1] Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Hôpital St Louis, 1 Avenue Claude Vellefaux, 75475 Paris Cedex 10, France [2] INSERM U944, Equipe labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie, Hôpital St Louis, 1 Avenue Claude Vellefaux, 75475 Paris Cedex 10, France [3] CNRS UMR 7212, Hôpital St Louis, 1 Avenue Claude Vellefaux, 75475 Paris Cedex 10, France
| | - Omar Ferhi
- 1] Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Hôpital St Louis, 1 Avenue Claude Vellefaux, 75475 Paris Cedex 10, France [2] INSERM U944, Equipe labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie, Hôpital St Louis, 1 Avenue Claude Vellefaux, 75475 Paris Cedex 10, France [3] CNRS UMR 7212, Hôpital St Louis, 1 Avenue Claude Vellefaux, 75475 Paris Cedex 10, France
| | - Xavier Carnec
- 1] Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Hôpital St Louis, 1 Avenue Claude Vellefaux, 75475 Paris Cedex 10, France [2] INSERM U944, Equipe labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie, Hôpital St Louis, 1 Avenue Claude Vellefaux, 75475 Paris Cedex 10, France [3] CNRS UMR 7212, Hôpital St Louis, 1 Avenue Claude Vellefaux, 75475 Paris Cedex 10, France
| | - Alessia Zamborlini
- 1] Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Hôpital St Louis, 1 Avenue Claude Vellefaux, 75475 Paris Cedex 10, France [2] INSERM U944, Equipe labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie, Hôpital St Louis, 1 Avenue Claude Vellefaux, 75475 Paris Cedex 10, France [3] CNRS UMR 7212, Hôpital St Louis, 1 Avenue Claude Vellefaux, 75475 Paris Cedex 10, France [4] Department CASER, Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers, Paris 75003, France
| | - Laurent Peres
- 1] Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Hôpital St Louis, 1 Avenue Claude Vellefaux, 75475 Paris Cedex 10, France [2] INSERM U944, Equipe labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie, Hôpital St Louis, 1 Avenue Claude Vellefaux, 75475 Paris Cedex 10, France [3] CNRS UMR 7212, Hôpital St Louis, 1 Avenue Claude Vellefaux, 75475 Paris Cedex 10, France
| | - Florence Jollivet
- 1] Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Hôpital St Louis, 1 Avenue Claude Vellefaux, 75475 Paris Cedex 10, France [2] INSERM U944, Equipe labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie, Hôpital St Louis, 1 Avenue Claude Vellefaux, 75475 Paris Cedex 10, France [3] CNRS UMR 7212, Hôpital St Louis, 1 Avenue Claude Vellefaux, 75475 Paris Cedex 10, France
| | - Adeline Vitaliano-Prunier
- 1] Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Hôpital St Louis, 1 Avenue Claude Vellefaux, 75475 Paris Cedex 10, France [2] INSERM U944, Equipe labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie, Hôpital St Louis, 1 Avenue Claude Vellefaux, 75475 Paris Cedex 10, France [3] CNRS UMR 7212, Hôpital St Louis, 1 Avenue Claude Vellefaux, 75475 Paris Cedex 10, France
| | - Hugues de Thé
- 1] Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Hôpital St Louis, 1 Avenue Claude Vellefaux, 75475 Paris Cedex 10, France [2] INSERM U944, Equipe labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie, Hôpital St Louis, 1 Avenue Claude Vellefaux, 75475 Paris Cedex 10, France [3] CNRS UMR 7212, Hôpital St Louis, 1 Avenue Claude Vellefaux, 75475 Paris Cedex 10, France [4]
| | - Valérie Lallemand-Breitenbach
- 1] Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Hôpital St Louis, 1 Avenue Claude Vellefaux, 75475 Paris Cedex 10, France [2] INSERM U944, Equipe labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie, Hôpital St Louis, 1 Avenue Claude Vellefaux, 75475 Paris Cedex 10, France [3] CNRS UMR 7212, Hôpital St Louis, 1 Avenue Claude Vellefaux, 75475 Paris Cedex 10, France
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16
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Can hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy efficiency be improved by blocking the DNA repair factor COP9 signalosome? Int J Colorectal Dis 2014; 29:673-80. [PMID: 24728517 DOI: 10.1007/s00384-014-1861-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/02/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE A frequently used chemotherapeutic agent in hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) is mitomycin C (MMC) which induces DNA damage and apoptosis in tumor cells. In addition, MMC activates DNA damage response (DDR) leading to repair mechanisms counteracting the effect of chemotherapy. COP9 signalosome (CSN) positively influences the DDR pathway by its intrinsic deneddylating and associated kinase activities. In an in vitro HIPEC model, we studied the impact of curcumin, an inhibitor of CSN-associated kinases, and of the microRNA (miRNA) let-7a-1, an inhibitor of CSN subunit expression, on the MMC-induced apoptosis in human HT29 colon cancer cells. METHODS Cells were incubated at 37 °C and indicated concentrations of MMC in a medium preheated to 42 °C as under HIPEC conditions for 1 or 4 h. HT29 cells were cotreated with 50 μM curcumin or transfected with let-7a-1 miRNA mimic. After incubation, cells were analyzed by Western blotting, densitometry, and caspase-3 ELISA. RESULTS An increase of CSN subunits in response to MMC treatment was detected. Apoptosis was only measured after 4 h with 50 μM MMC. MMC-induced apoptosis was elevated by cotreatment with curcumin. Transfection of HT29 cells with let-7a-1 reduced the expression of tested CSN subunits associated with the accumulation of the pro-apoptotic factors p27 and p53. CONCLUSIONS In response to MMC treatment, the CSN is elevated as a regulator of DDR retarding apoptosis in tumor cells. The therapeutic effect of HIPEC can be increased by inhibiting CSN-associated kinases via curcumin or by blocking CSN expression with let-7a-1 miRNA.
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17
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Huang CJ, Chen HY, Lin WY, Choo KB. Differential expression of speckled POZ protein, SPOP: putative regulation by miR-145. J Biosci 2014; 39:401-13. [PMID: 24845504 DOI: 10.1007/s12038-014-9432-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The speckle POZ protein, SPOP, is an adaptor of the Cul3-based ubiquitination process, and has been implicated in the carcinogenesis process. Despite recent elucidation of biological functions, regulation of SPOP gene expression has not been reported. In this study, the mRNA levels of the mouse SPOP (mSPOP) gene were first shown to vary noticeably in different tissues. However, the SPOP protein was detected in high abundance only in Purkinje cells of the cerebellum and seminiferous tubule of the testis, echoing previous reports of involvement of ubiquitination in neuron cells and in spermatogenesis. In other mouse tissues and human cancer cell lines analysed, only low SPOP protein levels were detected. The 3'-untranslated regions of both the mSPOP and human SPOP transcripts harbor a conserved putative miR-145 binding site (BS). In some tissues and cell lines, miR-145 and SPOP protein levels were in an inverse relationship suggesting miR-145 regulation. Luciferase assays of deletion and point mutation constructs of the miR-145 BS, and miR-145 induction by serum starvation that resulted in reduced endogenous SPOP levels provided further evidence that miR-145 is likely involved in post-transcriptional regulation of SPOP expression in selected tissues, and possibly with the participation of other miRNA species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiu-Jung Huang
- Department of Animal Science and 2Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, Chinese Culture University, Yang Ming Shan, Taipei, Taiwan 111
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18
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Leppert U, Eisenreich A. The role of tissue factor isoforms in cancer biology. Int J Cancer 2014; 137:497-503. [PMID: 24806794 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.28959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2014] [Accepted: 05/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Tissue Factor (TF) is an evolutionary conserved glycoprotein, which is of immense importance for a variety of biologic processes. TF is expressed in two naturally occurring protein isoforms, membrane-bound "full-length" (fl)TF and soluble alternatively spliced (as)TF. The TF isoform expression is differentially modulated on post-transcriptional level via regulatory factors, such as serine/arginine-rich (SR) proteins, SR protein kinases and micro (mi)RNAs. Both isoforms mediate a variety of physiologic- and pathophysiologic-relevant functions, such as thrombogenicity, angiogenesis, cell signaling, tumor cell proliferation and metastasis. In this review, we will depict the main mechanisms regulating the TF isoform expression in cancer and under other pathophysiologic-relevant conditions. Moreover, we will summarize and discuss the latest findings regarding the role of TF and its isoforms in cancer biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrike Leppert
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Mitte, Charite Centrum 04/13, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Eisenreich
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Mitte, Charite Centrum 04/13, Berlin, Germany
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19
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Regulation of vascular function on posttranscriptional level. THROMBOSIS 2013; 2013:948765. [PMID: 24288605 PMCID: PMC3833109 DOI: 10.1155/2013/948765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2013] [Accepted: 09/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Posttranscriptional control of gene expression is crucial for regulating plurality of proteins and functional plasticity of the proteome under (patho)physiologic conditions. Alternative splicing as well as micro (mi)RNA-mediated mechanisms play an important role for the regulation of protein expression on posttranscriptional level. Both alternative splicing and miRNAs were shown to influence cardiovascular functions, such as endothelial thrombogenicity and the vascular tone, by regulating the expression of several vascular proteins and their isoforms, such as Tissue Factor (TF) or the endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS). This review will summarize and discuss the latest findings on the (patho)physiologic role of alternative splicing processes as well as of miRNAs on modulation of vascular functions, such as coagulation, thrombosis, and regulation of the vascular tone.
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20
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Eisenreich A, Leppert U. The impact of microRNAs on the regulation of tissue factor biology. Trends Cardiovasc Med 2013; 24:128-32. [PMID: 24120358 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcm.2013.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2013] [Revised: 09/03/2013] [Accepted: 09/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Tissue factor (TF) and its isoforms play an important role in a variety of physiologic and pathophysiologic functions, such as initiation of blood coagulation, vessel wall hemostasis, angiogenesis, and tumorigenesis. Micro(mi)RNAs are crucial for post-transcriptional control of protein generation by regulating the expression of one-third of all human genes. In recent years, miRNAs were shown to modulate the expression and biologic function of TF in different physiologic- and pathophysiologic-relevant settings, such as in autoimmune diseases and in different types of cancer. In the present review, we will summarize and discuss the latest findings regarding the impact of miRNAs on the generation of TF and its isoforms as well as on regulation of TF biology under normal and pathophysiologic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Eisenreich
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Mitte, 10117 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Ulrike Leppert
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Mitte, 10117 Berlin, Germany
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21
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Gummlich L, Rabien A, Jung K, Dubiel W. Deregulation of the COP9 signalosome–cullin-RING ubiquitin-ligase pathway: Mechanisms and roles in urological cancers. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2013; 45:1327-37. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2013.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2013] [Revised: 03/21/2013] [Accepted: 03/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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22
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Liu Q, Bai X, Li H, Zhang Y, Zhao Y, Zhang X, Ye L. The oncoprotein HBXIP upregulates Lin28Bviaactivating TF II D to promote proliferation of breast cancer cells. Int J Cancer 2013; 133:1310-22. [DOI: 10.1002/ijc.28154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2012] [Accepted: 02/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qian Liu
- Department of Biochemistry; College of Life Sciences; Nankai University; Tianjin; 300071; People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Bai
- Department of Biochemistry; College of Life Sciences; Nankai University; Tianjin; 300071; People's Republic of China
| | - Hang Li
- Department of Biochemistry; College of Life Sciences; Nankai University; Tianjin; 300071; People's Republic of China
| | - Yingyi Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry; College of Life Sciences; Nankai University; Tianjin; 300071; People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry; College of Life Sciences; Nankai University; Tianjin; 300071; People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaodong Zhang
- Department of Cancer Research; Institute for Molecular Biology; College of Life Sciences; Nankai University; Tianjin; 300071; People's Republic of China
| | - Lihong Ye
- Department of Biochemistry; College of Life Sciences; Nankai University; Tianjin; 300071; People's Republic of China
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23
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Christmann M, Schmaler T, Gordon C, Huang X, Bayram Ö, Schinke J, Stumpf S, Dubiel W, Braus GH. Control of multicellular development by the physically interacting deneddylases DEN1/DenA and COP9 signalosome. PLoS Genet 2013; 9:e1003275. [PMID: 23408908 PMCID: PMC3567183 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1003275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2012] [Accepted: 12/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Deneddylases remove the ubiquitin-like protein Nedd8 from modified proteins. An increased deneddylase activity has been associated with various human cancers. In contrast, we show here that a mutant strain of the model fungus Aspergillus nidulans deficient in two deneddylases is viable but can only grow as a filament and is highly impaired for multicellular development. The DEN1/DenA and the COP9 signalosome (CSN) deneddylases physically interact in A. nidulans as well as in human cells, and CSN targets DEN1/DenA for protein degradation. Fungal development responds to light and requires both deneddylases for an appropriate light reaction. In contrast to CSN, which is necessary for sexual development, DEN1/DenA is required for asexual development. The CSN-DEN1/DenA interaction that affects DEN1/DenA protein levels presumably balances cellular deneddylase activity. A deneddylase disequilibrium impairs multicellular development and suggests that control of deneddylase activity is important for multicellular development. The family of small ubiquitin-like (Ubl) proteins plays a major role in the control of stability, activity, or localization of modified target proteins in a eukaryotic cell. Lysine side chains are modified by covalent Ubl attachment, and this process can be reversed by specific proteases. Nedd8 is the closest relative to ubiquitin in the Ubl family. We describe here a novel, conserved interplay between two physically interacting deneddylases that are specific for Nedd8. Increased deneddylase activity had been shown to be associated with human cancers. We convey here specific distinct developmental functions of the two deneddylases in multicellular differentiation of the filamentous fungus Aspergillus nidulans. The physical interaction between both proteins affects protein stability and therefore cellular deneddylase activity. The equilibrium between the two deneddylases and their physical interaction are conserved from fungi to human and seem to be important for normal development of a multicellular organism. These findings open a different angle for future studies of tumor formation in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Christmann
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Genetics, Institute of Microbiology and Genetics, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Tilo Schmaler
- Department of General, Visceral, Vascular and Thoracic Surgery, Division of Molecular Biology, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Colin Gordon
- Medical Research Council, Human Genetics Unit, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Xiaohua Huang
- Department of General, Visceral, Vascular and Thoracic Surgery, Division of Molecular Biology, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Özgür Bayram
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Genetics, Institute of Microbiology and Genetics, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Josua Schinke
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Genetics, Institute of Microbiology and Genetics, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sina Stumpf
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Genetics, Institute of Microbiology and Genetics, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Dubiel
- Department of General, Visceral, Vascular and Thoracic Surgery, Division of Molecular Biology, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- * E-mail: (WD); (GHB)
| | - Gerhard H. Braus
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Genetics, Institute of Microbiology and Genetics, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- * E-mail: (WD); (GHB)
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24
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Sangiao-Alvarellos S, Manfredi-Lozano M, Ruiz-Pino F, Navarro VM, Sánchez-Garrido MA, Leon S, Dieguez C, Cordido F, Matagne V, Dissen GA, Ojeda SR, Pinilla L, Tena-Sempere M. Changes in hypothalamic expression of the Lin28/let-7 system and related microRNAs during postnatal maturation and after experimental manipulations of puberty. Endocrinology 2013; 154:942-55. [PMID: 23291449 PMCID: PMC3548186 DOI: 10.1210/en.2012-2006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Lin28 and Lin28b are related RNA-binding proteins that inhibit the maturation of miRNAs of the let-7 family and participate in the control of cellular stemness and early embryonic development. Considerable interest has arisen recently concerning other physiological roles of the Lin28/let-7 axis, including its potential involvement in the control of puberty, as suggested by genome-wide association studies and functional genomics. We report herein the expression profiles of Lin28 and let-7 members in the rat hypothalamus during postnatal maturation and in selected models of altered puberty. The expression patterns of c-Myc (upstream positive regulator of Lin28), mir-145 (negative regulator of c-Myc), and mir-132 and mir-9 (putative miRNA repressors of Lin28, predicted by bioinformatic algorithms) were also explored. In male and female rats, Lin28, Lin28b, and c-Myc mRNAs displayed very high hypothalamic expression during the neonatal period, markedly decreased during the infantile-to-juvenile transition and reached minimal levels before/around puberty. A similar puberty-related decline was observed for Lin28b in monkey hypothalamus but not in the rat cortex, suggesting species conservation and tissue specificity. Conversely, let-7a, let-7b, mir-132, and mir-145, but not mir-9, showed opposite expression profiles. Perturbation of brain sex differentiation and puberty, by neonatal treatment with estrogen or androgen, altered the expression ratios of Lin28/let-7 at the time of puberty. Changes in the c-Myc/Lin28b/let-7 pathway were also detected in models of delayed puberty linked to early photoperiod manipulation and, to a lesser extent, postnatal underfeeding or chronic subnutrition. Altogether, our data are the first to document dramatic changes in the expression of the Lin28/let-7 axis in the rat hypothalamus during the postnatal maturation and after different manipulations that disturb puberty, thus suggesting the potential involvement of developmental changes in hypothalamic Lin28/let-7 expression in the mechanisms permitting/leading to puberty onset.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Sangiao-Alvarellos
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Avda, Menendez Pidal s/n.14004, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain.
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25
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Dubiel D, Gierisch ME, Huang X, Dubiel W, Naumann M. CAND1-dependent control of cullin 1-RING Ub ligases is essential for adipogenesis. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2013; 1833:1078-84. [PMID: 23328082 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2013.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2012] [Revised: 12/20/2012] [Accepted: 01/07/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Cullin-RING ubiquitin (Ub) ligases (CRLs) are responsible for ubiquitinylation of approximately 20% of all proteins degraded by the Ub proteasome system (UPS). CRLs are regulated by the COP9 signalosome (CSN) and by Cullin-associated Nedd8-dissociated protein 1 (CAND1). The CSN is responsible for removal of Nedd8 from cullins inactivating CRLs. CAND1 modulates the assembly of F-box proteins into cullin 1-RING Ub ligases (CRL1s). We show that CAND1 preferentially blocks the integration of Skp2 into CRL1s. Suppression of CAND1 expression in HeLa cells leads to an increase of the Skp2 assembly into CRL1s and to significant reduction of the cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitor p27. In contrary, CAND1 overexpression causes elevation of p27. The observed CAND1-dependent effects and CAND1 expression are independent of the CSN as demonstrated in CSN1 knockdown cells. Increase of p27 is a hallmark of preadipocyte differentiation to adipocytes (adipogenesis). We demonstrate that the accumulation of p27 is associated with an increase of CAND1 and a decrease of Skp2 during adipogenesis of human LiSa-2 preadipocytes. CAND1 knockdown reduces p27 and blocks adipogenesis. Due to the impact of CAND1 on Skp2 control, CAND1 could represent an important effector molecule in adipogenesis, but also in cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawadschargal Dubiel
- Institute of Experimental Internal Medicine, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany.
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Gauck S, Schultheiss HP, Rauch U, Eisenreich A. Modulation of the isoform expression of Cyr61 and Integrin-αv in human microvascular endothelial cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.7243/2052-4358-1-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Bhinder B, Antczak C, Ramirez CN, Shum D, Liu-Sullivan N, Radu C, Frattini MG, Djaballah H. An arrayed genome-scale lentiviral-enabled short hairpin RNA screen identifies lethal and rescuer gene candidates. Assay Drug Dev Technol 2012. [PMID: 23198867 DOI: 10.1089/adt.2012.475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
RNA interference technology is becoming an integral tool for target discovery and validation.; With perhaps the exception of only few studies published using arrayed short hairpin RNA (shRNA) libraries, most of the reports have been either against pooled siRNA or shRNA, or arrayed siRNA libraries. For this purpose, we have developed a workflow and performed an arrayed genome-scale shRNA lethality screen against the TRC1 library in HeLa cells. The resulting targets would be a valuable resource of candidates toward a better understanding of cellular homeostasis. Using a high-stringency hit nomination method encompassing criteria of at least three active hairpins per gene and filtered for potential off-target effects (OTEs), referred to as the Bhinder-Djaballah analysis method, we identified 1,252 lethal and 6 rescuer gene candidates, knockdown of which resulted in severe cell death or enhanced growth, respectively. Cross referencing individual hairpins with the TRC1 validated clone database, 239 of the 1,252 candidates were deemed independently validated with at least three validated clones. Through our systematic OTE analysis, we have identified 31 microRNAs (miRNAs) in lethal and 2 in rescuer genes; all having a seed heptamer mimic in the corresponding shRNA hairpins and likely cause of the OTE observed in our screen, perhaps unraveling a previously unknown plausible essentiality of these miRNAs in cellular viability. Taken together, we report on a methodology for performing large-scale arrayed shRNA screens, a comprehensive analysis method to nominate high-confidence hits, and a performance assessment of the TRC1 library highlighting the intracellular inefficiencies of shRNA processing in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhavneet Bhinder
- High-Throughput Screening Core Facility, Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
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Romero-Pérez L, Castilla MÁ, López-García MÁ, Díaz-Martín J, Biscuola M, Ramiro-Fuentes S, Oliva E, Matias-Guiu X, Prat J, Cano A, Moreno-Bueno G, Palacios J. Molecular events in endometrial carcinosarcomas and the role of high mobility group AT-hook 2 in endometrial carcinogenesis. Hum Pathol 2012; 44:244-54. [PMID: 22974476 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2012.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2012] [Revised: 05/17/2012] [Accepted: 05/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The molecular events implicated in the development of endometrial carcinosarcoma remain poorly understood. Using complementary DNA microarrays, we analyzed a group of 15 endometrial carcinosarcomas and compared their gene expression profiles with those obtained from a group of 23 endometrioid endometrial carcinomas. We demonstrated changes in the expression of genes modulating processes such as the epithelial to mesenchymal transition, muscle differentiation, the expression of cancer/testis antigens, and immune response in endometrial carcinosarcomas. The high mobility group AT-hook 2 gene is an embryonic nuclear factor that mediates epithelial to mesenchymal transition in various tumor models, and it was among the genes overexpressed in endometrial carcinosarcomas. High mobility group AT-hook 2 overexpression was confirmed in 54% of endometrial carcinosarcomas by quantitative real time-polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry. Moreover, we found a significant inverse correlation between the expression of high mobility group AT-hook 2 and let-7b, a member of the let-7 family of microRNAs that represses high mobility group AT-hook 2 expression. These changes were also associated with overexpression of Lin28B, a suppressor of microRNA biogenesis that is implicated in cancer progression and metastasis. Finally, high mobility group AT-hook 2 overexpression, which was detected in less than 3% of endometrioid endometrial carcinomas, was observed in many nonendometrioid carcinomas (46% of 28 samples). This pattern of expression, restricted to nonendometrioid carcinomas and endometrial carcinosarcomas, reflects a role for high mobility group AT-hook 2 in endometrial carcinogenesis that is associated with aggressive phenotypes and points to its potential use as a marker to distinguish between endometrioid and nonendometrioid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Romero-Pérez
- Department of Pathology, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
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Huang X, Ordemann J, Müller JM, Dubiel W. The COP9 signalosome, cullin 3 and Keap1 supercomplex regulates CHOP stability and adipogenesis. Biol Open 2012; 1:705-10. [PMID: 23213463 PMCID: PMC3507224 DOI: 10.1242/bio.20121875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2012] [Accepted: 05/14/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is one of the most serious health problems of the 21st century. It is associated with highly increased risk of type 2 diabetes, high blood pressure, cardiovascular disease as well as several cancers. The expansion of the fat tissue needs the differentiation of preadipocytes to adipocytes, a process called adipogenesis. Dysfunction of adipogenesis is a hallmark of obesity and delineation of underlying mechanisms has high priority for identifying targets for pharmacological intervention. Here we investigate the impact of the COP9 signalosome (CSN), a regulator of cullin-RING ubiquitin ligases (CRLs), and of C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) on the differentiation of LiSa-2 preadipocytes. CHOP induced by piceatannol or by permanent overexpression in LiSa-2 cells blocks adipocyte differentiation as characterized by inhibited fat droplet formation and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) production. Knockdown of the CSN by permanent downregulation of CSN1 in LiSa-2 cells elevates CHOP and retards adipogenesis. The effect of the CSN knockdown on CHOP stability can be explained by the protection of the CRL component Keap1 by the CSN associated ubiquitin-specific protease 15 (USP15). Pulldowns and glycerol gradients reveal that CHOP interacts with a supercomplex consisting of the CSN, cullin 3 and Keap1. Transient knockdown of Keap1 increases CHOP steady state level and retards its degradation. We conclude that CHOP stability is controlled by a CSN-CRL3Keap1 complex, which is crucial for adipogenesis. Our data show that CHOP is a distinguished target for pharmacological intervention of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohua Huang
- Division of Molecular Biology, Department of General, Visceral, Vascular and Thoracic Surgery, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin , Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin , Germany
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Stratmann JW, Gusmaroli G. Many jobs for one good cop - the COP9 signalosome guards development and defense. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2012; 185-186:50-64. [PMID: 22325866 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2011.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2011] [Revised: 10/10/2011] [Accepted: 10/11/2011] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The COP9 signalosome (CSN) is a multiprotein complex that regulates the activity of CULLIN-RING E3 ubiquitin ligases (CRLs). CRLs ubiquitinate substrate proteins and thus target them for proteasomal degradation. This post-translational modification of proteins is arguably as important as reversible protein phosphorylation. The number of putative CRLs that recognize specific substrate proteins is vast, and known CRL substrates are involved in many cellular plant processes such as hormone signaling, the cell cycle, and regulation of growth, development, and defenses. By controlling the activity of CRLs, the CSN may integrate and fine-tune all of these processes. Recent research has unraveled in great mechanistic detail how the two multiprotein complexes CSN and CRL interact. As a consequence of CSN pleiotropy, complete loss of CSN function results in seedling lethality. However, recent work on plants that exhibit a partial loss of CSN function, has uncovered a role of the CSN during later life stages in processes such as development and defenses against pathogens and herbivorous insects. Not all aspects of development and defense are affected equally by CSN silencing, probably due to the differential participation and importance of CSN-regulated CRLs in these processes. This review will provide an overview of the highly complex regulation of CRL activity by CSN, and the many roles of the CSN in plant development and defense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes W Stratmann
- University of South Carolina, Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia, SC 29208, USA.
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