1
|
Wang P, Liu J, Lyu Y, Huang Z, Zhang X, Sun B, Li P, Jing X, Li H, Zhang C. A Review of Vector-Borne Rice Viruses. Viruses 2022; 14:v14102258. [PMID: 36298813 PMCID: PMC9609659 DOI: 10.3390/v14102258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is one of the major staple foods for global consumption. A major roadblock to global rice production is persistent loss of crops caused by plant diseases, including rice blast, sheath blight, bacterial blight, and particularly various vector-borne rice viral diseases. Since the late 19th century, 19 species of rice viruses have been recorded in rice-producing areas worldwide and cause varying degrees of damage on the rice production. Among them, southern rice black-streaked dwarf virus (SRBSDV) and rice black-streaked dwarf virus (RBSDV) in Asia, rice yellow mottle virus (RYMV) in Africa, and rice stripe necrosis virus (RSNV) in America currently pose serious threats to rice yields. This review systematizes the emergence and damage of rice viral diseases, the symptomatology and transmission biology of rice viruses, the arm races between viruses and rice plants as well as their insect vectors, and the strategies for the prevention and control of rice viral diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pengyue Wang
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Jianjian Liu
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
- Hubei Engineering Research Center for Pest Forewarning and Management, College of Agronomy, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
| | - Yajing Lyu
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
- Co-Construction State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Ziting Huang
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Xiaoli Zhang
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Bingjian Sun
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Pengbai Li
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Xinxin Jing
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Honglian Li
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Chen Q, Wei T. Cell Biology During Infection of Plant Viruses in Insect Vectors and Plant Hosts. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2020; 33:18-25. [PMID: 31729283 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-07-19-0184-cr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Plant viruses typically cause severe pathogenicity in plants, even resulting in the death of plants. Many pathogenic plant viruses are transmitted in a persistent manner via insect vectors. Interestingly, unlike in the plant hosts, persistent viruses are either nonpathogenic or show limited pathogenicity in their insect vectors, while taking advantage of the cellular machinery of insect vectors for completing their life cycles. This review discusses why persistent plant viruses are nonpathogenic or have limited pathogenicity to their insect vectors while being pathogenic to plants hosts. Current advances in cell biology of virus-insect vector interactions are summarized, including virus-induced inclusion bodies, changes of insect cellular ultrastructure, and immune response of insects to the viruses, especially autophagy and apoptosis. The corresponding findings of virus-plant interactions are compared. An integrated view of the balance strategy achieved by the interaction between viral attack and the immune response of insect is presented. Finally, we outline progress gaps between virus-insect and virus-plant interactions, thus highlighting the contributions of cultured cells to the cell biology of virus-insect interactions. Furthermore, future prospects of studying the cell biology of virus-vector interactions are presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qian Chen
- Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Institute of Plant Virology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, PR China
| | - Taiyun Wei
- Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Institute of Plant Virology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Chen Q, Zheng L, Mao Q, Liu J, Wang H, Jia D, Chen H, Wu W, Wei T. Fibrillar structures induced by a plant reovirus target mitochondria to activate typical apoptotic response and promote viral infection in insect vectors. PLoS Pathog 2019; 15:e1007510. [PMID: 30653614 PMCID: PMC6353215 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1007510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Revised: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous plant viruses that cause significant agricultural problems are persistently transmitted by insect vectors. We wanted to see if apoptosis was involved in viral infection process in the vector. We found that a plant reovirus (rice gall dwarf virus, RGDV) induced typical apoptotic response during viral replication in the leafhopper vector and cultured vector cells, as demonstrated by mitochondrial degeneration and membrane potential decrease. Fibrillar structures formed by nonstructural protein Pns11 of RGDV targeted the outer membrane of mitochondria, likely by interaction with an apoptosis-related mitochondrial protein in virus-infected leafhopper cells or nonvector insect cells. Such association of virus-induced fibrillar structures with mitochondria clearly led to mitochondrial degeneration and membrane potential decrease, suggesting that RGDV Pns11 was the inducer of apoptotic response in insect vectors. A caspase inhibitor treatment and knockdown of caspase gene expression using RNA interference each reduced apoptosis and viral accumulation, while the knockdown of gene expression for the inhibitor of apoptosis protein improved apoptosis and viral accumulation. Thus, RGDV exploited caspase-dependent apoptotic response to promote viral infection in insect vectors. For the first time, we directly confirmed that a nonstructural protein encoded by a persistent plant virus can induce the typical apoptotic response to benefit viral transmission by insect vectors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qian Chen
- Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Institute of Plant Virology, State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Vector-borne Virus Research Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, PR China
| | - Limin Zheng
- Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Institute of Plant Virology, State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Vector-borne Virus Research Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Pest Management of Horticultural Crop of Hunan Province, Hunan Plant Protection Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Science, Changsha, PR China
| | - Qianzhuo Mao
- Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Institute of Plant Virology, State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Vector-borne Virus Research Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, PR China
| | - Jiejie Liu
- Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Institute of Plant Virology, State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Vector-borne Virus Research Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, PR China
| | - Haitao Wang
- Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Institute of Plant Virology, State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Vector-borne Virus Research Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, PR China
| | - Dongsheng Jia
- Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Institute of Plant Virology, State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Vector-borne Virus Research Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, PR China
| | - Hongyan Chen
- Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Institute of Plant Virology, State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Vector-borne Virus Research Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, PR China
| | - Wei Wu
- Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Institute of Plant Virology, State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Vector-borne Virus Research Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, PR China
| | - Taiyun Wei
- Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Institute of Plant Virology, State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Vector-borne Virus Research Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wei J, Jia D, Mao Q, Zhang X, Chen Q, Wu W, Chen H, Wei T. Complex interactions between insect-borne rice viruses and their vectors. Curr Opin Virol 2018; 33:18-23. [PMID: 30031984 DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2018.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Revised: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Insect-borne rice viral diseases are widespread and economically important in many rice-growing countries. Long-term associations between rice viruses and their insect vectors result in evolutionary trade-offs that maintain a balance between the fitness cost of the viral infection of insects and the persistent transmission of the virus by the insect. To promote optimal replication, rice viruses activate innate immune responses, such as autophagy, apoptosis, and stress-regulated signaling pathways in the vector; meanwhile, a conserved insect small interfering RNA antiviral pathway is activated to control excessive viral replication, guaranteeing persistent virus transmission. Furthermore, growing evidence has shown that rice viruses can manipulate their vectors either directly or by inducing changes in host plants to promote the spread of viral pathogens. Thus, understanding the plant-virus-insect relationships offers important insights into how disease epidemics occur and facilitates the design of powerful new strategies for disease control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wei
- Vector-borne Virus Research Center, Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Dongsheng Jia
- Vector-borne Virus Research Center, Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China; State Key Laboratory for Ecological Pest Control of Fujian and Taiwan Crops and College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Qianzhuo Mao
- Vector-borne Virus Research Center, Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Xiaofeng Zhang
- Vector-borne Virus Research Center, Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Qian Chen
- Vector-borne Virus Research Center, Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China; State Key Laboratory for Ecological Pest Control of Fujian and Taiwan Crops and College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Wei Wu
- Vector-borne Virus Research Center, Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Hongyan Chen
- Vector-borne Virus Research Center, Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Taiyun Wei
- Vector-borne Virus Research Center, Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China; State Key Laboratory for Ecological Pest Control of Fujian and Taiwan Crops and College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Chen Y, Chen Q, Li M, Mao Q, Chen H, Wu W, Jia D, Wei T. Autophagy pathway induced by a plant virus facilitates viral spread and transmission by its insect vector. PLoS Pathog 2017; 13:e1006727. [PMID: 29125860 PMCID: PMC5708841 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1006727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Revised: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Many viral pathogens are persistently transmitted by insect vectors and cause agricultural or health problems. Generally, an insect vector can use autophagy as an intrinsic antiviral defense mechanism against viral infection. Whether viruses can evolve to exploit autophagy to promote their transmission by insect vectors is still unknown. Here, we show that the autophagic process is triggered by the persistent replication of a plant reovirus, rice gall dwarf virus (RGDV) in cultured leafhopper vector cells and in intact insects, as demonstrated by the appearance of obvious virus-containing double-membrane autophagosomes, conversion of ATG8-I to ATG8-II and increased level of autophagic flux. Such virus-containing autophagosomes seem able to mediate nonlytic viral release from cultured cells or facilitate viral spread in the leafhopper intestine. Applying the autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine or silencing the expression of Atg5 significantly decrease viral spread in vitro and in vivo, whereas applying the autophagy inducer rapamycin or silencing the expression of Torc1 facilitate such viral spread. Furthermore, we find that activation of autophagy facilitates efficient viral transmission, whereas inhibiting autophagy blocks viral transmission by its insect vector. Together, these results indicate a plant virus can induce the formation of autophagosomes for carrying virions, thus facilitating viral spread and transmission by its insect vector. We believe that such a role for virus-induced autophagy is common for vector-borne persistent viruses during their transmission by insect vectors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yong Chen
- Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Institute of Plant Virology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, PR China
- Fujian Key Laboratory for Monitoring and Integrated Management of Crop Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, PR China
| | - Qian Chen
- Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Institute of Plant Virology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, PR China
| | - Manman Li
- Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Institute of Plant Virology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, PR China
| | - Qianzhuo Mao
- Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Institute of Plant Virology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, PR China
| | - Hongyan Chen
- Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Institute of Plant Virology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, PR China
| | - Wei Wu
- Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Institute of Plant Virology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, PR China
| | - Dongsheng Jia
- Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Institute of Plant Virology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, PR China
| | - Taiyun Wei
- Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Institute of Plant Virology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Filamentous Structures Induced by a Phytoreovirus Mediate Viral Release from Salivary Glands in Its Insect Vector. J Virol 2017; 91:JVI.00265-17. [PMID: 28381575 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00265-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous viral pathogens are persistently transmitted by insect vectors and cause agricultural or health problems. These viruses circulate in the vector body, enter the salivary gland, and then are released into the apical plasmalemma-lined cavities, where saliva is stored. The cavity plasmalemma of vector salivary glands thus represents the last membrane barrier for viral transmission. Here, we report a novel mechanism used by a persistent virus to overcome this essential barrier. We observed that the infection by rice gall dwarf virus (RGDV), a species of the genus Phytoreovirus in the family Reoviridae, induced the formation of virus-associated filaments constructed by viral nonstructural protein Pns11 within the salivary glands of its leafhopper vector, Recilia dorsalis Such filaments attached to actin-based apical plasmalemma and induced an exocytosis-like process for viral release into vector salivary gland cavities, through a direct interaction of Pns11 of RGDV and actin of R. dorsalis Failure of virus-induced filaments assembly by RNA interference with synthesized double-stranded RNA targeting the Pns11 gene inhibited the dissemination of RGDV into salivary cavities, preventing viral transmission by R. dorsalis For the first time, we show that a virus can exploit virus-induced inclusion as a vehicle to pass through the apical plasmalemma into vector salivary gland cavities, thus overcoming the last membrane barrier for viral transmission by insect vectors.IMPORTANCE Understanding how persistent viruses overcome multiple tissue and membrane barriers within the insect vectors until final transmission is the key for viral disease control. The apical plasmalemma of the cavities where saliva is stored in the salivary glands is the last barrier for viral transmission by insect vectors; however, the mechanism is still poorly understood. Here we show that a virus has evolved to exploit virus-induced filaments to perform an exocytosis-like process that enables viral passage through the apical plasmalemma into salivary cavities. This mechanism could be extensively exploited by other persistent viruses to overcome salivary gland release barriers in insect vectors, opening new perspectives for viral control.
Collapse
|
7
|
Huang HJ, Liu CW, Zhou X, Zhang CX, Bao YY. A mitochondrial membrane protein is a target for rice ragged stunt virus in its insect vector. Virus Res 2016; 229:48-56. [PMID: 28034779 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2016.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Revised: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Rice ragged stunt virus (RRSV; Reoviridae) is exclusively transmitted by the brown planthopper Nilaparvata lugens in a persistent-propagative manner. It is understood that RNA viral proliferation is associated with the intracellular membranes of the insect host cells. However, the molecular mechanisms of the interaction between the RRSV proliferation and the intracellular membranes remain essentially unknown. It will be of great interest to determine whether RRSV protein(s) directly interact with intracellular membrane components of its host cells. In this study, we identified a RRSV nonstructural protein Pns10 interacting with a host oligomycin-sensitivity conferral protein (OSCP) using yeast two-hybrid system. The interaction between RRSV Pns10 and N. lugens OSCP was verified by a glutathione S-transferase pull-down assay. Confocal miscopy revealed colocalization of these two proteins in the cytoplasm of the salivary gland cells during the viral infection. The virions were further detected in the mitochondria under confocal miscopy and transmission electron microscopy combined with western blotting assay. This is the first observation that RRSV protein has a direct link with mitochondria. Suppressing OSCP gene expression by RNA interference notably decreased the viral loads in RRSV-infected insects. These findings revealed novel aspects of a viral protein in targeting the host mitochondrial membrane and provide insights concerning the mitochondrial membrane protein-based virus proliferation mode in the insect vector.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Jian Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Agricultural Entomology, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Cheng-Wen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Agricultural Entomology, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Xiang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Agricultural Entomology, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Chuan-Xi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Agricultural Entomology, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Yan-Yuan Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Agricultural Entomology, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Abstract
Rice reoviruses, transmitted by leafhopper or planthopper vectors in a persistent propagative manner, seriously threaten the stability of rice production in Asia. Understanding the mechanisms that enable viral transmission by insect vectors is a key to controlling these viral diseases. This review describes current understanding of replication cycles of rice reoviruses in vector cell lines, transmission barriers, and molecular determinants of vector competence and persistent infection. Despite recent breakthroughs, such as the discoveries of actin-based tubule motility exploited by viruses to overcome transmission barriers and mutually beneficial relationships between viruses and bacterial symbionts, there are still many gaps in our knowledge of transmission mechanisms. Advances in genome sequencing, reverse genetics systems, and molecular technologies will help to address these problems. Investigating the multiple interaction systems among the virus, insect vector, insect symbiont, and plant during natural infection in the field is a central topic for future research on rice reoviruses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Taiyun Wei
- Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Institute of Plant Virology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian, People's Republic of China;
| | - Yi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China;
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Chen Y, Lu C, Li M, Wu W, Zhou G, Wei T. Adverse Effects of Rice gall dwarf virus upon its Insect Vector Recilia dorsalis (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae). PLANT DISEASE 2016; 100:784-790. [PMID: 30688603 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-06-15-0713-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Rice gall dwarf virus (RGDV), a plant reovirus that threatens rice production in Southeast Asia and Southern China, is transmitted by the leafhopper vector Recilia dorsalis in a persistent-propagative manner. To assess the direct effects of RGDV on R. dorsalis, we established an infected leafhopper population from eggs laid by viruliferous females using the water-soaked filter paper culture method. Life history parameters indicated that the virus was harmful to its vector in terms of all biotic indices, including reduced survival rate, emergence rate, fecundity, and longevity of adults, compared with a nonviruliferous control population. Those findings were supported by systematic monitoring of viruliferous rates of R. dorsalis in different overwintering generations. To better elucidate the adverse effects of RGDV on its vector, we measured fecundity at the molecular level using quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction and Western blot assays, which revealed differential expression of vitellogenin (Vg) in viruliferous versus nonviruliferous adult females. We infer that RGDV reduced levels of Vg transcript and protein product, resulting in the lower fecundity of its vector. Overall, this study demonstrates how RGDV exerts an adverse effect on R. dorsalis, which hinders the expansion of viruliferous populations of the insect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yong Chen
- Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Institute of Plant Virology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, PR China
| | - Chengcong Lu
- Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Institute of Plant Virology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, PR China
| | - Manman Li
- Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Institute of Plant Virology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, PR China
| | - Wei Wu
- Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Institute of Plant Virology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, PR China
| | - Guohui Zhou
- College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
| | - Taiyun Wei
- Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Institute of Plant Virology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Fernández de Castro I, Tenorio R, Risco C. Virus assembly factories in a lipid world. Curr Opin Virol 2016; 18:20-6. [PMID: 26985879 DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2016.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Revised: 02/11/2016] [Accepted: 02/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Many viruses build specialized structures known as viral factories, a protected environment in which viral genome replication and morphogenesis take place. Recent findings show that viruses manipulate lipid flows to assemble these replication platforms. Viruses are thus able to create new membranes by interfering with lipid metabolism, targeting and transport; they make use of specific lipid transfer proteins (LTP) at membrane contact sites, and frequently recruit endoplasmic reticulum (ER), ER export sites, and mitochondria. Some factories, such as those built by plant and certain animal viruses, are motile membranous structures involved in intracellular or intercellular transport of the replicated viral genome. The identification of lipids and LTP subverted by viruses might lead to better understand and fight viral infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Fernández de Castro
- Cell Structure Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, CNB-CSIC, UAM, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Raquel Tenorio
- Cell Structure Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, CNB-CSIC, UAM, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Risco
- Cell Structure Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, CNB-CSIC, UAM, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Viral Infection at High Magnification: 3D Electron Microscopy Methods to Analyze the Architecture of Infected Cells. Viruses 2015; 7:6316-45. [PMID: 26633469 PMCID: PMC4690864 DOI: 10.3390/v7122940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Revised: 10/16/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
As obligate intracellular parasites, viruses need to hijack their cellular hosts and reprogram their machineries in order to replicate their genomes and produce new virions. For the direct visualization of the different steps of a viral life cycle (attachment, entry, replication, assembly and egress) electron microscopy (EM) methods are extremely helpful. While conventional EM has given important information about virus-host cell interactions, the development of three-dimensional EM (3D-EM) approaches provides unprecedented insights into how viruses remodel the intracellular architecture of the host cell. During the last years several 3D-EM methods have been developed. Here we will provide a description of the main approaches and examples of innovative applications.
Collapse
|
12
|
Miyazaki N, Higashiura A, Higashiura T, Akita F, Hibino H, Omura T, Nakagawa A, Iwasaki K. Electron microscopic imaging revealed the flexible filamentous structure of the cell attachment protein P2 of Rice dwarf virus located around the icosahedral 5-fold axes. J Biochem 2015; 159:181-90. [PMID: 26374901 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvv092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2015] [Accepted: 07/30/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The minor outer capsid protein P2 of Rice dwarf virus (RDV), a member of the genus Phytoreovirus in the family Reoviridae, is essential for viral cell entry. Here, we clarified the structure of P2 and the interactions to host insect cells. Negative stain electron microscopy (EM) showed that P2 proteins are monomeric and flexible L-shaped filamentous structures of ∼20 nm in length. Cryo-EM structure revealed the spatial arrangement of P2 in the capsid, which was prescribed by the characteristic virion structure. The P2 proteins were visualized as partial rod-shaped structures of ∼10 nm in length in the cryo-EM map and accommodated in crevasses on the viral surface around icosahedral 5-fold axes with hydrophobic interactions. The remaining disordered region of P2 assumed to be extended to the radial direction towards exterior. Electron tomography clearly showed that RDV particles were away from the cellular membrane at a uniform distance and several spike-like densities, probably corresponding to P2, connecting a viral particle to the host cellular membrane during cell entry. By combining the in vitro and in vivo structural information, we could gain new insights into the detailed mechanism of the cell entry of RDV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naoyuki Miyazaki
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan; Supportive Center for Brain Research, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi, Japan;
| | | | - Tomoko Higashiura
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Fusamichi Akita
- Laboratory of Virology, National Agricultural Research Center, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan; and Photosynthesis Research Center, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama, Okayama, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Hibino
- Laboratory of Virology, National Agricultural Research Center, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan; and
| | - Toshihiro Omura
- Laboratory of Virology, National Agricultural Research Center, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan; and
| | - Atsushi Nakagawa
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kenji Iwasaki
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan;
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Affiliation(s)
- Jean-François Laliberté
- INRS–Institut Armand-Frappier, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Laval, Québec H7V 1B7, Canada;
| | - Huanquan Zheng
- Department of Biology, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3A 1B1, Canada;
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Risco C, de Castro IF, Sanz-Sánchez L, Narayan K, Grandinetti G, Subramaniam S. Three-Dimensional Imaging of Viral Infections. Annu Rev Virol 2014; 1:453-73. [PMID: 26958730 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-virology-031413-085351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) imaging technologies are beginning to have significant impact in the field of virology, as they are helping us understand how viruses take control of cells. In this article we review several methodologies for 3D imaging of cells and show how these technologies are contributing to the study of viral infections and the characterization of specialized structures formed in virus-infected cells. We include 3D reconstruction by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) using serial sections, electron tomography, and focused ion beam scanning electron microscopy (FIB-SEM). We summarize from these methods selected contributions to our understanding of viral entry, replication, morphogenesis, egress and propagation, and changes in the spatial architecture of virus-infected cells. In combination with live-cell imaging, correlative microscopy, and new techniques for molecular mapping in situ, the availability of these methods for 3D imaging is expected to provide deeper insights into understanding the structural and dynamic aspects of viral infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Risco
- Cell Structure Laboratory, National Center for Biotechnology (CNB-CSIC), Madrid 28049, Spain;
| | | | - Laura Sanz-Sánchez
- Cell Structure Laboratory, National Center for Biotechnology (CNB-CSIC), Madrid 28049, Spain;
| | - Kedar Narayan
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892;
| | - Giovanna Grandinetti
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892;
| | - Sriram Subramaniam
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892;
| |
Collapse
|