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D'Urso G, Guyomar C, Chat S, Giudice E, Gillet R. Insights into the ribosomal trans-translation rescue system: lessons from recent structural studies. FEBS J 2023; 290:1461-1472. [PMID: 35015931 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The arrest of protein synthesis caused when ribosomes stall on an mRNA lacking a stop codon is a deadly risk for all cells. In bacteria, this situation is remedied by the trans-translation quality control system. Trans-translation occurs because of the synergistic action of two main partners, transfer-messenger RNA (tmRNA) and small protein B (SmpB). These act in complex to monitor protein synthesis, intervening when necessary to rescue stalled ribosomes. During this process, incomplete nascent peptides are tagged for destruction, problematic mRNAs are degraded and the previously stalled ribosomes are recycled. In this 'Structural Snapshot' article, we describe the mechanism at the molecular level, a view updated after the most recent structural studies using cryo-electron microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaetano D'Urso
- Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes (IGDR), CNRS, Univ. Rennes, France
| | - Charlotte Guyomar
- Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes (IGDR), CNRS, Univ. Rennes, France
| | - Sophie Chat
- Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes (IGDR), CNRS, Univ. Rennes, France
| | - Emmanuel Giudice
- Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes (IGDR), CNRS, Univ. Rennes, France
| | - Reynald Gillet
- Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes (IGDR), CNRS, Univ. Rennes, France
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2
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Jiang W, Wagner J, Du W, Plitzko J, Baumeister W, Beck F, Guo Q. A transformation clustering algorithm and its application in polyribosomes structural profiling. Nucleic Acids Res 2022; 50:9001-9011. [PMID: 35811088 PMCID: PMC9458451 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkac547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Improvements in cryo-electron tomography sample preparation, electron-microscopy instrumentations, and image processing algorithms have advanced the structural analysis of macromolecules in situ. Beyond such analyses of individual macromolecules, the study of their interactions with functionally related neighbors in crowded cellular habitats, i.e. ‘molecular sociology’, is of fundamental importance in biology. Here we present a NEighboring Molecule TOpology Clustering (NEMO-TOC) algorithm. We optimized this algorithm for the detection and profiling of polyribosomes, which play both constitutive and regulatory roles in gene expression. Our results suggest a model where polysomes are formed by connecting multiple nonstochastic blocks, in which translation is likely synchronized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhong Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, School of Life Sciences, Peking University , Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jonathan Wagner
- Department of Structural Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry , Am Klopferspitz 18, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry , Am Klopferspitz 18, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Wenjing Du
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, School of Life Sciences, Peking University , Beijing 100871, China
| | - Juergen Plitzko
- CryoEM Technology, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry , Am Klopferspitz 18, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Baumeister
- Department of Structural Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry , Am Klopferspitz 18, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Florian Beck
- CryoEM Technology, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry , Am Klopferspitz 18, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Qiang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, School of Life Sciences, Peking University , Beijing 100871, China
- Changping Laboratory , Beijing, China
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3
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Thépaut M, Campos-Silva R, Renard E, Barloy-Hubler F, Ennifar E, Boujard D, Gillet R. Safe and easy in vitro evaluation of tmRNA-SmpB-mediated trans-translation from ESKAPE pathogenic bacteria. RNA (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2021; 27:1390-1399. [PMID: 34353925 PMCID: PMC8522692 DOI: 10.1261/rna.078773.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In bacteria, trans-translation is the major quality control system for rescuing stalled ribosomes. It is mediated by tmRNA, a hybrid RNA with properties of both a tRNA and a mRNA, and the small protein SmpB. Because trans-translation is absent in eukaryotes but necessary for bacterial fitness or survival, it is a promising target for the development of novel antibiotics. To facilitate screening of chemical libraries, various reliable in vitro and in vivo systems have been created for assessing trans-translational activity. However, the aim of the current work was to permit the safe and easy in vitro evaluation of trans-translation from pathogenic bacteria, which are obviously the ones we should be targeting. Based on green fluorescent protein (GFP) reassembly during active trans-translation, we have created a cell-free assay adapted to the rapid evaluation of trans-translation in ESKAPE bacteria, with 24 different possible combinations. It can be used for easy high-throughput screening of chemical compounds as well as for exploring the mechanism of trans-translation in these pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Thépaut
- Université Rennes, CNRS, Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes (IGDR) UMR 6290, 35043 Rennes, France
- SATT Ouest-Valorisation, 35750 Rennes, France
| | - Rodrigo Campos-Silva
- Université Rennes, CNRS, Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes (IGDR) UMR 6290, 35043 Rennes, France
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90610-000, Brazil
| | - Eva Renard
- Architecture et Réactivité de l'ARN-CNRS UPR 9002, Institut de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Université de Strasbourg, 67084 Strasbourg, France
| | - Frédérique Barloy-Hubler
- Université Rennes, CNRS, Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes (IGDR) UMR 6290, 35043 Rennes, France
| | - Eric Ennifar
- Architecture et Réactivité de l'ARN-CNRS UPR 9002, Institut de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Université de Strasbourg, 67084 Strasbourg, France
| | - Daniel Boujard
- Université Rennes, CNRS, Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes (IGDR) UMR 6290, 35043 Rennes, France
| | - Reynald Gillet
- Université Rennes, CNRS, Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes (IGDR) UMR 6290, 35043 Rennes, France
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4
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Structures of tmRNA and SmpB as they transit through the ribosome. Nat Commun 2021; 12:4909. [PMID: 34389707 PMCID: PMC8363625 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-24881-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In bacteria, trans-translation is the main rescue system, freeing ribosomes stalled on defective messenger RNAs. This mechanism is driven by small protein B (SmpB) and transfer-messenger RNA (tmRNA), a hybrid RNA known to have both a tRNA-like and an mRNA-like domain. Here we present four cryo-EM structures of the ribosome during trans-translation at resolutions from 3.0 to 3.4 Å. These include the high-resolution structure of the whole pre-accommodated state, as well as structures of the accommodated state, the translocated state, and a translocation intermediate. Together, they shed light on the movements of the tmRNA-SmpB complex in the ribosome, from its delivery by the elongation factor EF-Tu to its passage through the ribosomal A and P sites after the opening of the B1 bridges. Additionally, we describe the interactions between the tmRNA-SmpB complex and the ribosome. These explain why the process does not interfere with canonical translation.
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Irastortza-Olaziregi M, Amster-Choder O. Coupled Transcription-Translation in Prokaryotes: An Old Couple With New Surprises. Front Microbiol 2021; 11:624830. [PMID: 33552035 PMCID: PMC7858274 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.624830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Coupled transcription-translation (CTT) is a hallmark of prokaryotic gene expression. CTT occurs when ribosomes associate with and initiate translation of mRNAs whose transcription has not yet concluded, therefore forming "RNAP.mRNA.ribosome" complexes. CTT is a well-documented phenomenon that is involved in important gene regulation processes, such as attenuation and operon polarity. Despite the progress in our understanding of the cellular signals that coordinate CTT, certain aspects of its molecular architecture remain controversial. Additionally, new information on the spatial segregation between the transcriptional and the translational machineries in certain species, and on the capability of certain mRNAs to localize translation-independently, questions the unanimous occurrence of CTT. Furthermore, studies where transcription and translation were artificially uncoupled showed that transcription elongation can proceed in a translation-independent manner. Here, we review studies supporting the occurrence of CTT and findings questioning its extent, as well as discuss mechanisms that may explain both coupling and uncoupling, e.g., chromosome relocation and the involvement of cis- or trans-acting elements, such as small RNAs and RNA-binding proteins. These mechanisms impact RNA localization, stability, and translation. Understanding the two options by which genes can be expressed and their consequences should shed light on a new layer of control of bacterial transcripts fate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikel Irastortza-Olaziregi
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, IMRIC, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Orna Amster-Choder
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, IMRIC, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
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Guyomar C, Thépaut M, Nonin-Lecomte S, Méreau A, Goude R, Gillet R. Reassembling green fluorescent protein for in vitro evaluation of trans-translation. Nucleic Acids Res 2020; 48:e22. [PMID: 31919515 PMCID: PMC7038980 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkz1204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to discover new antibiotics with improved activity and selectivity, we created a reliable in vitro reporter system to detect trans-translation activity, the main mechanism for recycling ribosomes stalled on problematic messenger RNA (mRNA) in bacteria. This system is based on an engineered tmRNA variant that reassembles the green fluorescent protein (GFP) when trans-translation is active. Our system is adapted for high-throughput screening of chemical compounds by fluorescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Guyomar
- Univ. Rennes, CNRS, Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes (IGDR) UMR6290, Rennes, France
| | - Marion Thépaut
- Univ. Rennes, CNRS, Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes (IGDR) UMR6290, Rennes, France.,SATT Ouest-Valorisation, Rennes, France
| | | | - Agnès Méreau
- Univ. Rennes, CNRS, Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes (IGDR) UMR6290, Rennes, France
| | - Renan Goude
- Univ. Rennes, CNRS, Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes (IGDR) UMR6290, Rennes, France
| | - Reynald Gillet
- Univ. Rennes, CNRS, Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes (IGDR) UMR6290, Rennes, France
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Wei J, Yang Q, Shi J, Shi B, Ji M, Hou P. Increased expression of NAF1 contributes to malignant phenotypes of glioma cells through promoting protein synthesis and associates with poor patient survival. Oncogenesis 2019; 8:25. [PMID: 30936423 PMCID: PMC6443650 DOI: 10.1038/s41389-019-0134-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The H/ACA ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complex noncore subunit NAF1 is an indispensable factor during H/ACA RNP maturation, and one of the widely known functions of H/ACA RNP is modulating ribosome biosynthesis. However, the specific biological role and exact mechanism of NAF1 in human cancers including glioma remain largely unclear. In this study, we found that NAF1 was highly expressed in gliomas relative to normal brain tissues, and demonstrated that increased expression of NAF1 was strongly correlated with poor patient survival. Further studies revealed that NAF1 was transcriptionally regulated by c-Myc, NRF2, and telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT), which are the key molecules associated with malignant progression of gliomas. Moreover, we demonstrated that NAF1 was a functional oncogene in glioma cells through promoting cell growth in vitro and in vivo, survival, migration, and invasion. Mechanistically, NAF1 acted as a rate-limiting controller of cell growth and invasiveness through enhancing 40S subunit assembly and protein synthesis including c-Myc, NRF2, TERT, POLR1A, and POLR2A. These molecules in turn enhanced the transcription and translation of NAF1, thereby forming positive feedback loops between them to promote malignant phenotypes of glioma cells. In addition, our data also showed that NAF1 depletion could trigger ribosome stress, not only impairing ribosomal biosynthesis but also reactivating p53 signaling via blocking MDM2. Taken together, we demonstrated that NAF1 promotes the tumorigenesis and progression of glioma through modulating ribosome assembly and protein synthesis, and predicted that NAF1 may be a potential therapeutic target and valuable prognostic biomarker in gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wei
- Key Laboratory for Tumor Precision Medicine of Shaanxi Province and Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Qi Yang
- Key Laboratory for Tumor Precision Medicine of Shaanxi Province and Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Jing Shi
- Key Laboratory for Tumor Precision Medicine of Shaanxi Province and Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Bingyin Shi
- Key Laboratory for Tumor Precision Medicine of Shaanxi Province and Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Meiju Ji
- Center for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China.
| | - Peng Hou
- Key Laboratory for Tumor Precision Medicine of Shaanxi Province and Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China.
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The Structural and Functional Organization of Ribosomal Compartment in the Cell: A Mystery or a Reality? Trends Biochem Sci 2018; 43:938-950. [PMID: 30337135 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2018.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Revised: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Great progress has been made toward solving the atomic structure of the ribosome, which is the main biosynthetic machine in cells, but we still do not have a full picture of exactly how cellular ribosomes function. Based on the analysis of crystallographic and electron microscopy data, we propose a basic model of the structural organization of ribosomes into a compartment. This compartment is regularly formed by arrays of ribosomal tetramers made up of two dimers that are actually facing in opposite directions. The compartment functions as the main 'factory' for the production of cellular proteins. The model is consistent with the existing biochemical and genetic data. We also consider the functional connections of such a compartment with cellular transcription and ribosomal biogenesis.
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Iwakura N, Yokoyama T, Quaglia F, Mitsuoka K, Mio K, Shigematsu H, Shirouzu M, Kaji A, Kaji H. Chemical and structural characterization of a model Post-Termination Complex (PoTC) for the ribosome recycling reaction: Evidence for the release of the mRNA by RRF and EF-G. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0177972. [PMID: 28542628 PMCID: PMC5443523 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0177972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 05/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
A model Post-Termination Complex (PoTC) used for the discovery of Ribosome Recycling Factor (RRF) was purified and characterized by cryo-electron microscopic analysis and biochemical methods. We established that the model PoTC has mostly one tRNA, at the P/E or P/P position, together with one mRNA. The structural studies were supported by the biochemical measurement of bound tRNA and mRNA. Using this substrate, we establish that the release of tRNA, release of mRNA and splitting of ribosomal subunits occur during the recycling reaction. Order of these events is tRNA release first followed by mRNA release and splitting almost simultaneously. Moreover, we demonstrate that IF3 is not involved in any of the recycling reactions but simply prevents the re-association of split ribosomal subunits. Our finding demonstrates that the important function of RRF includes the release of mRNA, which is often missed by the use of a short ORF with the Shine-Dalgarno sequence near the termination site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuhiro Iwakura
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Takeshi Yokoyama
- Division of Structural and Synthetic Biology, RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Fabio Quaglia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- University of Camerino, School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, Camerino, Italy
| | - Kaoru Mitsuoka
- Research Center for Ultra-High Voltage Electron Microscopy, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Mio
- Molecular Profiling Research Center for Drug Discovery and OPERANDO Open Innovation Laboratory, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideki Shigematsu
- Division of Structural and Synthetic Biology, RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Mikako Shirouzu
- Division of Structural and Synthetic Biology, RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Akira Kaji
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail: (HK); (AK)
| | - Hideko Kaji
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail: (HK); (AK)
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Purification, identification, and functional analysis of polysomes from the human pathogen Staphylococcus aureus. Methods 2017; 117:59-66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2016.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Revised: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
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Naganathan A, Wood MP, Moore SD. The large ribosomal subunit protein L9 enables the growth of EF-P deficient cells and enhances small subunit maturation. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0120060. [PMID: 25879934 PMCID: PMC4399890 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0120060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2014] [Accepted: 02/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The loss of the large ribosomal protein L9 causes a reduction in translation fidelity by an unknown mechanism. To identify pathways affected by L9, we identified mutants of E. coli that require L9 for fitness. In a prior study, we characterized L9-dependent mutations in the essential GTPase Der (EngA). Here, we describe a second class of L9-dependent mutations that either compromise or inactivate elongation factor P (EF-P, eIF5A in eukaryotes). Without L9, Δefp cells are practically inviable. Cell fractionation studies revealed that, in both the Der and EF-P mutant cases, L9's activity reduces immature 16S rRNA in 30S particles and partially restores the abundance of monosomes. Inspired by these findings, we discovered that L9 also enhances 16S maturation in wild-type cells. Surprisingly, although the amount of immature 16S in 30S particles was found to be elevated in ΔrplI cells, the amount in polysomes was low and inversely correlated with the immature 16S abundance. These findings provide an explanation for the observed fitness increases afforded by L9 in these mutants and reveal particular physiological conditions in which L9 becomes critical. Additionally, L9 may affect the partitioning of small subunits containing immature 16S rRNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anusha Naganathan
- The Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, The University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, 32816, United States of America
| | - Matthew P. Wood
- Seattle Biomed, 307 Westlake Ave N, Suite 500, Seattle, WA, 98109, United States of America
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, 1510 N.E. San Juan Road, Seattle, WA, 98195, United States of America
| | - Sean D. Moore
- The Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, The University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, 32816, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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