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Morvan C, Nekoua MP, Debuysschere C, Alidjinou EK, Hober D. Antibody-dependent enhancement and neutralization against CVB4 investigated in vitro and in silico through an agent-based model. J Med Virol 2024; 96:e29399. [PMID: 38235792 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
The infection with coxsackievirus B4 (CVB4) can be enhanced in vitro by antibodies directed against the viral capsid protein VP4. In peripheral blood mononuclear cells, antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) of CVB4 infection leads to the production of interferon alpha (IFN-α). To investigate ADE of CVB4-induced production of IFN-α, an agent-based model was constructed with enhancing and neutralizing antibodies. The model recapitulates viral neutralization and ADE in silico. The enhancing and neutralizing activities of serum samples were evaluated in vitro to confront the model predictions with experimental results. Increasing the incubation time of CVB4 with serum samples improves virus neutralization in silico as well as in vitro. It also results in ADE at lower antibody numbers in silico, which is confirmed in vitro with IFN-α production at lower serum concentrations. Furthermore, incubation of CVB4 with serum at a low temperature does not induce IFN-α production in vitro. Thus, taken together our results suggest that enhancing antibodies bind cryptic epitopes, more accessible with longer incubation time and at higher temperature due to changes in capsid conformation, consistent with previous results indicating that enhancing antibodies are anti-VP4 antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corentin Morvan
- Laboratoire de Virologie ULR3610, Univ Lille et CHU Lille, Lille, France
| | | | - Cyril Debuysschere
- Laboratoire de Virologie ULR3610, Univ Lille et CHU Lille, Lille, France
| | | | - Didier Hober
- Laboratoire de Virologie ULR3610, Univ Lille et CHU Lille, Lille, France
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2
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Nekoua MP, Alidjinou EK, Hober D. Persistent coxsackievirus B infection and pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes mellitus. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2022; 18:503-516. [PMID: 35650334 PMCID: PMC9157043 DOI: 10.1038/s41574-022-00688-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Enteroviruses are believed to trigger or accelerate islet autoimmunity in genetically susceptible individuals, thereby resulting in loss of functional insulin-producing β-cells and type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Although enteroviruses are primarily involved in acute and lytic infections in vitro and in vivo, they can also establish a persistent infection. Prospective epidemiological studies have strongly associated the persistence of enteroviruses, especially coxsackievirus B (CVB), with the appearance of islet autoantibodies and an increased risk of T1DM. CVB can persist in pancreatic ductal and β-cells, which leads to structural or functional alterations of these cells, and to a chronic inflammatory response that promotes recruitment and activation of pre-existing autoreactive T cells and β-cell autoimmune destruction. CVB persistence in other sites, such as the intestine, blood cells and thymus, has been described; these sites could serve as a reservoir for infection or reinfection of the pancreas, and this persistence could have a role in the disturbance of tolerance to β-cells. This Review addresses the involvement of persistent enterovirus infection in triggering islet autoimmunity and T1DM, as well as current strategies to control enterovirus infections for preventing or reducing the risk of T1DM onset.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Didier Hober
- Laboratoire de Virologie ULR3610, Université de Lille, CHU Lille, Lille, France.
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3
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Nekoua MP, Mercier A, Alhazmi A, Sane F, Alidjinou EK, Hober D. Fighting Enteroviral Infections to Prevent Type 1 Diabetes. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10040768. [PMID: 35456818 PMCID: PMC9031364 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10040768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Enteroviruses (EVs), especially coxsackieviruses B (CVB), are believed to trigger or accelerate islet autoimmunity in genetically susceptible individuals that results in type 1 diabetes (T1D). Therefore, strategies are needed to fight against EV infections. There are no approved antiviral drugs currently available, but various antiviral drugs targeting viral or host cell proteins and vaccines have recently shown potential to combat CVB infections and may be used as new therapeutic strategies to prevent or reduce the risk of T1D and/or preserve β-cell function among patients with islet autoantibodies or T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magloire Pandoua Nekoua
- Laboratoire de Virologie ULR3610, Université de Lille, CHU Lille, 59000 Lille, France; (M.P.N.); (A.M.); (A.A.); (F.S.); (E.K.A.)
| | - Ambroise Mercier
- Laboratoire de Virologie ULR3610, Université de Lille, CHU Lille, 59000 Lille, France; (M.P.N.); (A.M.); (A.A.); (F.S.); (E.K.A.)
| | - Abdulaziz Alhazmi
- Laboratoire de Virologie ULR3610, Université de Lille, CHU Lille, 59000 Lille, France; (M.P.N.); (A.M.); (A.A.); (F.S.); (E.K.A.)
- Microbiology and Parasitology Department, College of Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan 82911, Saudi Arabia
| | - Famara Sane
- Laboratoire de Virologie ULR3610, Université de Lille, CHU Lille, 59000 Lille, France; (M.P.N.); (A.M.); (A.A.); (F.S.); (E.K.A.)
| | - Enagnon Kazali Alidjinou
- Laboratoire de Virologie ULR3610, Université de Lille, CHU Lille, 59000 Lille, France; (M.P.N.); (A.M.); (A.A.); (F.S.); (E.K.A.)
| | - Didier Hober
- Laboratoire de Virologie ULR3610, Université de Lille, CHU Lille, 59000 Lille, France; (M.P.N.); (A.M.); (A.A.); (F.S.); (E.K.A.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-(0)-3-2044-6688
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Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by insulin deficiency and resultant hyperglycemia. Complex interactions of genetic and environmental factors trigger the onset of autoimmune mechanisms responsible for development of autoimmunity to β cell antigens and subsequent development of T1D. A potential role of virus infections has long been hypothesized, and growing evidence continues to implicate enteroviruses as the most probable triggering viruses. Recent studies have strengthened the association between enteroviruses and development of autoimmunity in T1D patients, potentially through persistent infections. Enterovirus infections may contribute to different stages of disease development. We review data from both human cohort studies and experimental research exploring the potential roles and molecular mechanisms by which enterovirus infections can impact disease outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard E. Lloyd
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Manasi Tamhankar
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Åke Lernmark
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University/CRC, Skane University Hospital, Malmö 214 28, Sweden
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5
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Alhazmi A, Nekoua MP, Michaux H, Sane F, Halouani A, Engelmann I, Alidjinou EK, Martens H, Jaidane H, Geenen V, Hober D. Effect of Coxsackievirus B4 Infection on the Thymus: Elucidating Its Role in the Pathogenesis of Type 1 Diabetes. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9061177. [PMID: 34072590 PMCID: PMC8229779 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9061177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The thymus gland is a primary lymphoid organ for T-cell development. Various viral infections can result in disturbance of thymic functions. Medullary thymic epithelial cells (mTECs) are important for the negative selection of self-reactive T-cells to ensure central tolerance. Insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2) is the dominant self-peptide of the insulin family expressed in mTECs and plays a crucial role in the intra-thymic programing of central tolerance to insulin-secreting islet β-cells. Coxsackievirus B4 (CVB4) can infect and persist in the thymus of humans and mice, thus hampering the T-cell maturation and differentiation process. The modulation of IGF2 expression and protein synthesis during a CVB4 infection has been observed in vitro and in vivo in mouse models. The effect of CVB4 infections on human and mouse fetal thymus has been studied in vitro. Moreover, following the inoculation of CVB4 in pregnant mice, the thymic function in the fetus and offspring was disturbed. A defect in the intra-thymic expression of self-peptides by mTECs may be triggered by CVB4. The effects of viral infections, especially CVB4 infection, on thymic cells and functions and their possible role in the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes (T1D) are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulaziz Alhazmi
- Laboratoire de Virologie ULR3610, Université de Lille, CHU Lille, F-59000 Lille, France; (A.A.); (M.P.N.); (F.S.); (I.E.); (E.K.A.)
- Microbiology and Parasitology Department, College of Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan 82911, Saudi Arabia
| | - Magloire Pandoua Nekoua
- Laboratoire de Virologie ULR3610, Université de Lille, CHU Lille, F-59000 Lille, France; (A.A.); (M.P.N.); (F.S.); (I.E.); (E.K.A.)
| | - Hélène Michaux
- GIGA-I3 Center of Immunoendocrinology, GIGA Research Institute, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium; (H.M.); (H.M.); (V.G.)
| | - Famara Sane
- Laboratoire de Virologie ULR3610, Université de Lille, CHU Lille, F-59000 Lille, France; (A.A.); (M.P.N.); (F.S.); (I.E.); (E.K.A.)
| | - Aymen Halouani
- Laboratoire des Maladies Transmissibles et Substances Biologiquement Actives LR99ES27, Université de Monastir, 5000 Monastir, Tunisia; (A.H.); (H.J.)
| | - Ilka Engelmann
- Laboratoire de Virologie ULR3610, Université de Lille, CHU Lille, F-59000 Lille, France; (A.A.); (M.P.N.); (F.S.); (I.E.); (E.K.A.)
| | - Enagnon Kazali Alidjinou
- Laboratoire de Virologie ULR3610, Université de Lille, CHU Lille, F-59000 Lille, France; (A.A.); (M.P.N.); (F.S.); (I.E.); (E.K.A.)
| | - Henri Martens
- GIGA-I3 Center of Immunoendocrinology, GIGA Research Institute, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium; (H.M.); (H.M.); (V.G.)
| | - Hela Jaidane
- Laboratoire des Maladies Transmissibles et Substances Biologiquement Actives LR99ES27, Université de Monastir, 5000 Monastir, Tunisia; (A.H.); (H.J.)
| | - Vincent Geenen
- GIGA-I3 Center of Immunoendocrinology, GIGA Research Institute, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium; (H.M.); (H.M.); (V.G.)
| | - Didier Hober
- Laboratoire de Virologie ULR3610, Université de Lille, CHU Lille, F-59000 Lille, France; (A.A.); (M.P.N.); (F.S.); (I.E.); (E.K.A.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-(0)3-20-44-66-88
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6
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Sane F, Bertin A, Sioofy-Khojine AB, Oikarinen S, Alidjinou EK, Veijola R, Toppari J, Ilonen J, Knip M, Engelmann I, Hyöty H, Hober D. Enhancing and neutralizing anti-coxsackievirus activities in serum samples from patients prior to development of type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2020; 36:e3305. [PMID: 32118346 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.3305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies in prospective cohorts have suggested that enterovirus infections are associated with the appearance of islet autoantibodies that precede later appearance of type 1 diabetes (T1D). It was shown that in addition to an antibody-mediated anti-coxsackievirus (CV)-B neutralizing activity of serum from patients with T1D, there was also enhancing anti-CV-B activity in vitro. In this study, the patterns of enhancing and neutralizing anti-CV activities were analysed from consecutive serum samples collected from children who were followed from birth until they developed T1D in the Finnish Type 1 Diabetes Prediction and Prevention (DIPP) study and compared to those in non-diabetic control children. METHODS The titres of serum neutralizing activity were analysed against those CVs which were detected in the stools in these children (CV-B3, CV-B5 or CV-A4) using plaque assay. The enhancing activity of these serum samples was analysed by measuring interferon-alpha (INF-α) production in cultures of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) inoculated with a mixture of these viruses and diluted serum. RESULTS A sustained anti-CV enhancing activity was observed in consecutive serum samples in patients with T1D. The pattern of responses differed between children who developed T1D and control children. In patients, the anti-CV enhancing activity was predominant or even exclusive over the neutralizing activity, whereas in controls the enhancing and neutralising activities were more balanced or the neutralizing activity was largely predominant. CONCLUSIONS Evaluating the anti-enterovirus neutralizing and enhancing activity of serum samples can be useful to investigate further the relationship between enteroviruses and the development of T1D.
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MESH Headings
- Adolescent
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/blood
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/immunology
- Autoantibodies/blood
- Autoantibodies/immunology
- Biomarkers/blood
- Child
- Child, Preschool
- Coxsackievirus Infections/immunology
- Coxsackievirus Infections/virology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/blood
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/epidemiology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/immunology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/virology
- Enterovirus B, Human/immunology
- Enterovirus B, Human/isolation & purification
- Female
- Finland/epidemiology
- Follow-Up Studies
- Humans
- Immunoglobulin G/blood
- Immunoglobulin G/immunology
- Infant
- Infant, Newborn
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/immunology
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/virology
- Male
- Prognosis
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Affiliation(s)
- Famara Sane
- Univ Lille, CHU Lille, Laboratoire de virologie ULR3610 F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Antoine Bertin
- Univ Lille, CHU Lille, Laboratoire de virologie ULR3610 F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Amir-Babak Sioofy-Khojine
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Sami Oikarinen
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Enagnon K Alidjinou
- Univ Lille, CHU Lille, Laboratoire de virologie ULR3610 F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Riitta Veijola
- Department of Paediatrics, PEDEGO Research Unit, Medical Research Centre, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Jorma Toppari
- Department of Pediatrics, Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Jorma Ilonen
- Immunogenetics Laboratory, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Mikael Knip
- Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Tampere Centre for Child Health Research, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
- Folkhälsan Research Centre, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ilka Engelmann
- Univ Lille, CHU Lille, Laboratoire de virologie ULR3610 F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Heikki Hyöty
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland
| | - Didier Hober
- Univ Lille, CHU Lille, Laboratoire de virologie ULR3610 F-59000 Lille, France
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7
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Dechaumes A, Bertin A, Sane F, Levet S, Varghese J, Charvet B, Gmyr V, Kerr-Conte J, Pierquin J, Arunkumar G, Pattou F, Perron H, Hober D. Coxsackievirus-B4 Infection Can Induce the Expression of Human Endogenous Retrovirus W in Primary Cells. Microorganisms 2020; 8:E1335. [PMID: 32883004 PMCID: PMC7563422 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8091335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Human Endogenous Retrovirus W Envelope (HERV-W ENV) mRNA or protein can be found in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and exocrine pancreas of patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D). Further, previous observations have shown an association between enteroviral infection and development of T1D; specifically, coxsackievirus-B (CV-B) has been detected in the blood and pancreas of patients with T1D. Notably, viruses can activate HERV-W expression. Hence, we evaluated the effect of CV-B4 infection on HERV-W ENV mRNA expression. Primary human pancreatic ductal cells were obtained from five brain-dead donors. In the pancreatic cells of three donors, the HERV-W ENV mRNA level measured using RT-qPCR was upregulated upon CV-B4 infection. The HERV-W ENV protein was detected in the infected cells using the immunoblot assay. In human PBMCs inoculated with CV-B4 or when CV-B4 was incubated with an enhancing serum, the HERV-W ENV mRNA level was higher than the background RNA level. In monocyte-derived macrophages obtained from 5 of 13 donors, the HERV-W ENV mRNA level was higher in cultures inoculated with CV-B4 than in the control. Therefore, CV-B4 can upregulate or induce the transcription of a certain HERV-W ENV copy (or copies) in primary cell cultures, such as monocytes, macrophages, and pancreatic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur Dechaumes
- Laboratoire de Virologie ULR3610 Univ Lille, CHU Lille, 59000 Lille, France; (A.D.); (A.B.); (F.S.); (J.V.)
| | - Antoine Bertin
- Laboratoire de Virologie ULR3610 Univ Lille, CHU Lille, 59000 Lille, France; (A.D.); (A.B.); (F.S.); (J.V.)
| | - Famara Sane
- Laboratoire de Virologie ULR3610 Univ Lille, CHU Lille, 59000 Lille, France; (A.D.); (A.B.); (F.S.); (J.V.)
| | - Sandrine Levet
- Geneuro Innovation, 69008 Lyon, France; (S.L.); (B.C.); (J.P.); (H.P.)
| | - Jennifer Varghese
- Laboratoire de Virologie ULR3610 Univ Lille, CHU Lille, 59000 Lille, France; (A.D.); (A.B.); (F.S.); (J.V.)
- Manipal Institute of Virology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Karnataka 576104, India;
| | - Benjamin Charvet
- Geneuro Innovation, 69008 Lyon, France; (S.L.); (B.C.); (J.P.); (H.P.)
| | - Valéry Gmyr
- U1190 Univ Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, European Genomic Institute for Diabetes, 59000 Lille, France; (V.G.); (J.K.-C.); (F.P.)
| | - Julie Kerr-Conte
- U1190 Univ Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, European Genomic Institute for Diabetes, 59000 Lille, France; (V.G.); (J.K.-C.); (F.P.)
| | - Justine Pierquin
- Geneuro Innovation, 69008 Lyon, France; (S.L.); (B.C.); (J.P.); (H.P.)
| | | | - François Pattou
- U1190 Univ Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, European Genomic Institute for Diabetes, 59000 Lille, France; (V.G.); (J.K.-C.); (F.P.)
| | - Hervé Perron
- Geneuro Innovation, 69008 Lyon, France; (S.L.); (B.C.); (J.P.); (H.P.)
- Geneuro SA, 1228 Geneva, Switzerland
- Faculté de Médecine Laënnec, Université de Lyon, 69008 Lyon, France
| | - Didier Hober
- Laboratoire de Virologie ULR3610 Univ Lille, CHU Lille, 59000 Lille, France; (A.D.); (A.B.); (F.S.); (J.V.)
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8
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Nekoua MP, Bertin A, Sane F, Alidjinou EK, Lobert D, Trauet J, Hober C, Engelmann I, Moutairou K, Yessoufou A, Hober D. Pancreatic beta cells persistently infected with coxsackievirus B4 are targets of NK cell-mediated cytolytic activity. Cell Mol Life Sci 2020; 77:179-194. [PMID: 31172216 PMCID: PMC11104831 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03168-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Revised: 05/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
It has been suggested that the persistence of coxsackieviruses-B (CV-B) in pancreatic beta cells plays a role in the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes (T1D). Yet, immunological effectors, especially natural killer (NK) cells, are supposed to clear virus-infected cells. Therefore, an evaluation of the response of NK cells to pancreatic beta cells persistently infected with CV-B4 was conducted. A persistent CV-B4 infection was established in 1.1B4 pancreatic beta cells. Infectious particles were found in supernatants throughout the culture period. The proportion of cells containing viral protein VP1 was low (< 5%), although a large proportion of cells harbored viral RNA (around 50%), whilst cell viability was preserved. HLA class I cell surface expression was downregulated in persistently infected cultures, but HLA class I mRNA levels were unchanged in comparison with mock-infected cells. The cytolytic activities of IL-2-activated non-adherent peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and of NK cells were higher towards persistently infected cells than towards mock-infected cells, as assessed by an LDH release assay. Impaired cytolytic activity of IL-2-activated non-adherent PBMCs from patients with T1D towards infected beta cells was observed. In conclusion, pancreatic beta cells persistently infected with CV-B4 can be lysed by NK cells, implying that impaired cytolytic activity of these effector cells may play a role in the persistence of CV-B in the host and thus in the viral pathogenesis of T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magloire Pandoua Nekoua
- Université de Lille, Faculté de Médecine, CHU de Lille, Laboratoire de Virologie EA3610, 59000, Lille, France
- Université d'Abomey-Calavi, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Institut des Sciences Biomédicales Appliquées (ISBA), Laboratoire de Biologie et Physiologie Cellulaires, 01 BP 526, Cotonou, Benin
| | - Antoine Bertin
- Université de Lille, Faculté de Médecine, CHU de Lille, Laboratoire de Virologie EA3610, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Famara Sane
- Université de Lille, Faculté de Médecine, CHU de Lille, Laboratoire de Virologie EA3610, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Enagnon Kazali Alidjinou
- Université de Lille, Faculté de Médecine, CHU de Lille, Laboratoire de Virologie EA3610, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Delphine Lobert
- Université de Lille, Faculté de Médecine, CHU de Lille, Laboratoire de Virologie EA3610, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Jacques Trauet
- Université de Lille, INSERM U995, LIRIC-Lille, CHU de Lille, Institut d'Immunologie, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Christine Hober
- Polyclinique, Service de Médecine Programmée, 62000, Henin-Beaumont, France
| | - Ilka Engelmann
- Université de Lille, Faculté de Médecine, CHU de Lille, Laboratoire de Virologie EA3610, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Kabirou Moutairou
- Université d'Abomey-Calavi, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Institut des Sciences Biomédicales Appliquées (ISBA), Laboratoire de Biologie et Physiologie Cellulaires, 01 BP 526, Cotonou, Benin
| | - Akadiri Yessoufou
- Université d'Abomey-Calavi, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Institut des Sciences Biomédicales Appliquées (ISBA), Laboratoire de Biologie et Physiologie Cellulaires, 01 BP 526, Cotonou, Benin
| | - Didier Hober
- Université de Lille, Faculté de Médecine, CHU de Lille, Laboratoire de Virologie EA3610, 59000, Lille, France.
- Laboratoire de Virologie EA3610, Centre Paul Boulanger, Hôpital A Calmette, CHRU, Boulevard du Professeur Jules Leclercq, 59037, Lille Cedex, France.
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9
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Bergamin CS, Pérez-Hurtado E, Oliveira L, Gabbay M, Piveta V, Bittencourt C, Russo D, Carmona RDC, Sato M, Dib SA. Enterovirus Neutralizing Antibodies, Monocyte Toll Like Receptors Expression and Interleukin Profiles Are Similar Between Non-affected and Affected Siblings From Long-Term Discordant Type 1 Diabetes Multiplex-Sib Families: The Importance of HLA Background. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:555685. [PMID: 33071971 PMCID: PMC7538605 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.555685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Enteroviruses are main candidates among environmental agents in the development of type 1 diabetes (T1D). However, the relationship between virus and the immune system response during T1D pathogenesis is heterogeneous. This is an interesting paradigm and the search for answers would help to highlight the role of viral infection in the etiology of T1D. The current data is a cross-sectional study of affected and non-affected siblings from T1D multiplex-sib families to analyze associations among T1D, genetic, islet autoantibodies and markers of innate immunity. We evaluated the prevalence of anti-virus antibodies (Coxsackie B and Echo) and its relationships with human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class II alleles, TLR expression (monocytes), serum cytokine profile and islet β cell autoantibodies in 51 individuals (40 T1D and 11 non-affected siblings) from 20 T1D multiplex-sib families and 54 healthy control subjects. The viral antibody profiles were similar among all groups, except for antibodies against CVB2, which were more prevalent in the non-affected siblings. TLR4 expression was higher in the T1D multiplex-sib family's members than in the control subjects. TLR4 expression showed a positive correlation with CBV2 antibody prevalence (rS: 0.45; P = 0.03), CXCL8 (rS: 0.65, P = 0.002) and TNF-α (rS: 0.5, P = 0.01) serum levels in both groups of T1D multiplex-sib family. Furthermore, within these families, there was a positive correlation between HLA class II alleles associated with high risk for T1D and insulinoma-associated protein 2 autoantibody (IA-2A) positivity (odds ratio: 38.8; P = 0.021). However, the HLA protective haplotypes against T1D prevalence was higher in the non-affected than the affected siblings. This study shows that although the prevalence of viral infection is similar among healthy individuals and members from the T1D multiplex-sib families, the innate immune response is higher in the affected and in the non-affected siblings from these families than in the healthy controls. However, autoimmunity against β-islet cells and an absence of protective HLA alleles were only observed in the T1D multiplex-sib members with clinical disease, supporting the importance of the genetic background in the development of T1D and heterogeneity of the interaction between environmental factors and disease pathogenesis despite the high genetic diversity of the Brazilian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Sanchez Bergamin
- Endocrinology Division, Department of Medicine, Diabetes Center, Escola Paulista de Medicina - Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Carla Sanchez Bergamin
| | - Elizabeth Pérez-Hurtado
- Immunology Division, Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitological Department, Escola Paulista de Medicina - Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luanda Oliveira
- Laboratory of Dermatology and Immunodeficiencies, LIM-56, Department of Dermatology and Tropical Medicine Institute of São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina - Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Monica Gabbay
- Endocrinology Division, Department of Medicine, Diabetes Center, Escola Paulista de Medicina - Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Valdecira Piveta
- Endocrinology Division, Department of Medicine, Diabetes Center, Escola Paulista de Medicina - Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Célia Bittencourt
- Endocrinology Division, Department of Medicine, Diabetes Center, Escola Paulista de Medicina - Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Denise Russo
- Enteric Diseases Laboratory, Virology Center From Instituto Adolfo Lutz, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rita de Cássia Carmona
- Enteric Diseases Laboratory, Virology Center From Instituto Adolfo Lutz, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria Sato
- Laboratory of Dermatology and Immunodeficiencies, LIM-56, Department of Dermatology and Tropical Medicine Institute of São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina - Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sergio A. Dib
- Endocrinology Division, Department of Medicine, Diabetes Center, Escola Paulista de Medicina - Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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10
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF THE REVIEW The aim of this review is to discuss recent data pointing at an involvement of human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs) in type 1 diabetes (T1D) onset and progression. RECENT FINDINGS The envelope protein of HERV-W family, named HERV-W-Env, was detected in pancreata from T1D patients and was shown to display pro-inflammatory properties and direct toxicity toward pancreatic beta cells. The etiopathogenesis of T1D remains elusive, even if conventional environmental viral infections have been recurrently involved. Nonetheless, a new category of pathogens may provide the missing link between genetic susceptibility and environmental factors long thought to contribute to T1D onset. A number of studies have now shown that HERV sequences, which are normally inactivated or repressed in the human genome, could be activated by environmental viruses. Thus, if similarly activated by viruses associated with T1D, disregarded HERV genes may underlie T1D genetic susceptibility. Moreover, once expressed, HERV elements may display broad pathogenic properties, which identify them as potential new therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandrine Levet
- GeNeuro Innovation, 60 avenue Rockefeller, 69008 Lyon, France
| | - B. Charvet
- GeNeuro Innovation, 60 avenue Rockefeller, 69008 Lyon, France
| | - A. Bertin
- Faculté de Médecine, CHU Lille, Laboratoire de Virologie EA3610, Université Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - A. Deschaumes
- Faculté de Médecine, CHU Lille, Laboratoire de Virologie EA3610, Université Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - H. Perron
- GeNeuro Innovation, 60 avenue Rockefeller, 69008 Lyon, France
- Laboratoire des déficits immunitaires, University of Lyon, Lyon, France
- Plan-les-Ouates, GeNeuro SA, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - D. Hober
- Faculté de Médecine, CHU Lille, Laboratoire de Virologie EA3610, Université Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
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11
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Impact of coxsackievirus-B4E2 combined with a single low dose of streptozotocin on pancreas of outbred mice: investigation of viral load, pathology and inflammation. Sci Rep 2019; 9:10080. [PMID: 31300658 PMCID: PMC6626040 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-46227-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Coxsackieviruses B (CV-B) belong to the EV-B species. CV-B and particularly CV-B4 are thought to be involved in the development of chronic diseases like type 1 diabetes (T1D). The mechanisms of the enteroviral pathogenesis of T1D are not well known, yet. The in vitro studies are rich with information but in vivo infection models are needed to investigate the impact of viruses onto organs. Our objective was to study the impact of CV-B4E2 combined with a single sub-diabetogenic dose of streptozotocin (STZ) on the pancreas of mice. The infection with CV-B4E2 of CD1 outbred mice treated with a sub-diabetogenic dose of STZ induced hyperglycemia and hypoinsulinemia. Along with the chemokine IP-10, viral RNA and infectious particles were detected in the pancreas. The pancreas of these animals was also marked with insulitis and other histological alterations. The model combining STZ and CV-B4E2 opens the door to new perspectives to better understand the interactions between virus and host, and the role of environmental factors capable, like STZ, to predispose the host to the diabetogenic effects of enteroviruses.
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12
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Serum-derived IgG from coxsackievirus A6-infected patients can enhance the infection of peripheral blood mononuclear cells with coxsackievirus A6. Microb Pathog 2018; 125:7-11. [PMID: 30193952 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2018.08.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Revised: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Coxsackievirus A6 (CV-A6) has recently emerged as an enterovirus causing Hand Foot and Mouth Disease with severe complications. The pathogenic mechanisms of CV-A6- associated Hand foot and Mouth disease are largely unknown. In this study, it was investigated whether serum and IgG from patients with CV-A6 infection can enhance the infection of PBMC with the virus. Serum samples were obtained from five children with CV-A6 infection confirmed by RT-PCR and seven controls. IgG was isolated from serum by using affinity chromatography columns. CV-A6 was incubated with serum or IgG from controls and patients then the mixtures were added to PBMC cultures. The levels of IFNα in supernatants were measured by ELISA, and the levels of intracellular viral RNA were measured by RT-qPCR. It has been observed that there is an anti-CV-A6 enhancing activity in serum and serum-derived immunoglobulin G of children with CV-A6 infection but not in those of uninfected controls. Whether this activity has implications in the pathogenesis of CV-A6 associated diseases should be investigated.
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13
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Benkahla M, Elmastour F, Sane F, Vreulx AC, Engelmann I, Desailloud R, Jaidane H, Alidjinou E, Hober D. Coxsackievirus-B4E2 can infect monocytes and macrophages in vitro and in vivo. Virology 2018; 522:271-280. [DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2018.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2018] [Revised: 06/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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14
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Nakamura K, Saito K, Hara Y, Aoyagi T, Kitakawa K, Abe Y, Takemura H, Ikeda F, Kaku M, Kanemitsu K. Severe epidemic myalgia with an elevated level of serum interleukin-6 caused by human parechovirus type 3: a case report and brief review of the literature. BMC Infect Dis 2018; 18:381. [PMID: 30086720 PMCID: PMC6081802 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-018-3284-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human parechovirus type 3 (HPeV-3) is known to cause cold-like symptoms, diarrhea, or severe infections such as sepsis in infants and children. In adults, HPeV-3 infection is rarely diagnosed because the symptoms are generally mild and self-limiting; however, this infection has been linked to epidemic myalgia, regardless of the presence of underlying diseases, immunosuppression, or sex. CASE PRESENTATION We describe an adult case of severe systemic myalgia and orchiodynia after infection with HPeV-3, which was transmitted from the child of the patient. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) level was found to be elevated in the patient's serum. CONCLUSION Severe myalgia associated with HPeV-3 infection is potentially caused by an elevated serum level of IL-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiwamu Nakamura
- Department of Infection Control, Fukushima Medical University, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan. .,Ikeda Memorial Hospital, Sukagawa, Japan.
| | - Kyoichi Saito
- Department of Infection Control, Fukushima Medical University, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan
| | - Yasuka Hara
- Department of Infection Control, Fukushima Medical University, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan
| | - Tetsuji Aoyagi
- Department of Infection Control and Laboratory Diagnostics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kadzuhiro Kitakawa
- Department of Microbiology, Fukushima Prefectural Institute of Public Health, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Yoshinobu Abe
- Department of Infection Control, Fukushima Medical University, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan
| | - Hiromu Takemura
- Department of Microbiology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan
| | | | - Mitsuo Kaku
- Department of Infection Control and Laboratory Diagnostics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Keiji Kanemitsu
- Department of Infection Control, Fukushima Medical University, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan.,Ikeda Memorial Hospital, Sukagawa, Japan
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15
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Zhang X, Xin G, Sun D. Serum exosomal miR-328, miR-575, miR-134 and miR-671-5p as potential biomarkers for the diagnosis of Kawasaki disease and the prediction of therapeutic outcomes of intravenous immunoglobulin therapy. Exp Ther Med 2018; 16:2420-2432. [PMID: 30186482 PMCID: PMC6122496 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.6458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study was conducted to screen serum exosomal microRNAs (miRNAs) for the early diagnosis of Kawasaki disease (KD) and to investigate their underlying mechanisms by analyzing microarray data under accession numbers GSE60965 [exosomal miRNA, including three pooled serum samples from 5 healthy children, 5 patients with KD and 5 patients with KD following intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) therapy] and GSE73577 (mRNA, including peripheral blood mononuclear cell samples from 19 patients with KD prior to and following IVIG treatment) from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. Differentially expressed miRNAs (DE-miRNAs) and genes (DEGs) were identified using the Linear Models for Microarray data method, and the mRNA targets of DE-miRNAs were predicted using the miRWalk 2.0 database. The functions of the target genes were analyzed using the Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery (DAVID). As a result, 65 DE-miRNAs were identified with different expression patterns between the healthy children and patients with KD and between patients with KD and patients with KD following IVIG therapy. The target genes of 15 common DE-miRNAs were predicted. Following overlapping the target genes of DE-miRNAs with 355 DEGs, 28 common genes were identified and further screened to construct a network containing 30 miRNA-mRNA regulatory associations. Of these associations, only miR-328-spectrin α, erythrocytic 1, miR-575-cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 5/b-1,4-galactosyltransferase 5/WD repeat and FYVE domain-containing 3/cystatin-A/C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 1/protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 3B, miR-134-acyl-CoA synthetase long chain family member 1/C-type lectin domain family 1 member A and miR-671-5p-tripartite motif containing 25/leucine rich repeat kinase 2/kinesin family member 1B/leucine rich repeat neuronal 1 were involved in the negative regulation of gene expression. Functional analysis indicated that the identified target genes may be associated with inflammation. Accordingly, serum exosomal miR-328, miR-575, miR-134 and miR-671-5p may act as potential biomarkers for the diagnosis of KD and the prediction of outcomes of the IVIG therapy by influencing the expression of inflammatory genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofei Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130033, P.R. China
| | - Guangda Xin
- Department of Nephrology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130033, P.R. China
| | - Dajun Sun
- Department of Vascular Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130033, P.R. China
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16
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Arena MP, Elmastour F, Sane F, Drider D, Fiocco D, Spano G, Hober D. Inhibition of coxsackievirus B4 by Lactobacillus plantarum. Microbiol Res 2018; 210:59-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2018.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Revised: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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17
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Lietzen N, An LTT, Jaakkola MK, Kallionpää H, Oikarinen S, Mykkänen J, Knip M, Veijola R, Ilonen J, Toppari J, Hyöty H, Lahesmaa R, Elo LL. Enterovirus-associated changes in blood transcriptomic profiles of children with genetic susceptibility to type 1 diabetes. Diabetologia 2018; 61:381-388. [PMID: 29119244 PMCID: PMC6448961 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-017-4460-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Enterovirus infections have been associated with the development of type 1 diabetes in multiple studies, but little is known about enterovirus-induced responses in children at risk for developing type 1 diabetes. Our aim was to use genome-wide transcriptomics data to characterise enterovirus-associated changes in whole-blood samples from children with genetic susceptibility to type 1 diabetes. METHODS Longitudinal whole-blood samples (356 samples in total) collected from 28 pairs of children at increased risk for developing type 1 diabetes were screened for the presence of enterovirus RNA. Seven of these samples were detected as enterovirus-positive, each of them collected from a different child, and transcriptomics data from these children were analysed to understand the individual-level responses associated with enterovirus infections. Transcript clusters with peaking or dropping expression at the time of enterovirus positivity were selected as the enterovirus-associated signals. RESULTS Strong signs of activation of an interferon response were detected in four children at enterovirus positivity, while transcriptomic changes in the other three children indicated activation of adaptive immune responses. Additionally, a large proportion of the enterovirus-associated changes were specific to individuals. An enterovirus-induced signature was built using 339 genes peaking at enterovirus positivity in four of the children, and 77 of these genes were also upregulated in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells infected in vitro with different enteroviruses. These genes separated the four enterovirus-positive samples clearly from the remaining 352 blood samples analysed. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION We have, for the first time, identified enterovirus-associated transcriptomic profiles in whole-blood samples from children with genetic susceptibility to type 1 diabetes. Our results provide a starting point for understanding the individual responses to enterovirus infections in blood and their potential connection to the development of type 1 diabetes. DATA AVAILABILITY The datasets analysed during the current study are included in this published article and its supplementary information files ( www.btk.fi/research/computational-biomedicine/1234-2 ) or are available from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) repository (accession GSE30211).
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Affiliation(s)
- Niina Lietzen
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Tykistökatu 6, FI-20520, Turku, Finland.
| | - Le T T An
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Tykistökatu 6, FI-20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Maria K Jaakkola
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Tykistökatu 6, FI-20520, Turku, Finland
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Henna Kallionpää
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Tykistökatu 6, FI-20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Sami Oikarinen
- Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
- Fimlab Laboratories, Pirkanmaa Hospital District, Tampere, Finland
| | - Juha Mykkänen
- Department of Pediatrics, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Mikael Knip
- Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Programs Unit, Diabetes and Obesity, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Tampere Center for Child Health Research, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Riitta Veijola
- Department of Pediatrics, PEDEGO Research Unit, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Children and Adolescents, Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Jorma Ilonen
- Immunogenetics Laboratory, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Jorma Toppari
- Department of Pediatrics, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Heikki Hyöty
- Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
- Fimlab Laboratories, Pirkanmaa Hospital District, Tampere, Finland
| | - Riitta Lahesmaa
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Tykistökatu 6, FI-20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Laura L Elo
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Tykistökatu 6, FI-20520, Turku, Finland.
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18
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Dong ZP, Wang Q, Zhang ZJ, Carr MJ, Li D, Shi WF. Murine model of acute myocarditis and cerebral cortical neuron edema induced by coxsackievirus B4. Zool Res 2018; 39:52-57. [PMID: 29511145 PMCID: PMC5869242 DOI: 10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2017.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Globally, coxsackievirus B4 (CV-B4) has been continuously isolated and evidence suggests an association with the development of pancreatitis and type I diabetes. In addition, CV-B4 is also associated with myocarditis and severe central nervous system (CNS) complications, which remain poorly studied and understood. In the present study, we established an Institute for Cancer Research (ICR) mouse model of CV-B4 infection and examined whether CV-B4 infection resulted in a predisposition to myocarditis and CNS infection. We found high survival in both the treatment and control group, with no significant differences in clinical outcomes observed. However, pathological lesions were evident in both brain and heart tissue of the CV-B4-infected mice. In addition, high viral loads were found in the neural and cardiac tissues as early as 2 days post infection. Expressions of IFN-γ and IL-6 in sera were significantly higher in CV-B4-infected mice compared to uninfected negative controls, suggesting the involvement of these cytokines in the development of histopathological lesions. Our murine model successfully reproduced the acute myocarditis and cerebral cortical neuron edema induced by CV-B4, and may be useful for the evaluation of vaccine candidates and potential antivirals against CV-B4 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao-Peng Dong
- Key Laboratory of Etiology and Epidemiology of Emerging Infectious Diseases in Universities of Shandong, Taishan Medical University, Taian Shandong 271000, China
- Shanghai Jinshan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai 201599, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Etiology and Epidemiology of Emerging Infectious Diseases in Universities of Shandong, Taishan Medical University, Taian Shandong 271000, China
- School of Public Health, Taishan Medical University, Taian Shandong 271016, China
| | - Zhen-Jie Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Etiology and Epidemiology of Emerging Infectious Diseases in Universities of Shandong, Taishan Medical University, Taian Shandong 271000, China
| | - Michael J Carr
- Global Station for Zoonosis Control, Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education (GI-CoRE), Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8589, Japan
- National Virus Reference Laboratory, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Dong Li
- School of Public Health, Taishan Medical University, Taian Shandong 271016, China
| | - Wei-Feng Shi
- Key Laboratory of Etiology and Epidemiology of Emerging Infectious Diseases in Universities of Shandong, Taishan Medical University, Taian Shandong 271000, China.
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19
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Alidjinou EK, Sane F, Lefevre C, Baras A, Moumna I, Engelmann I, Vantyghem MC, Hober D. Enteroviruses in blood of patients with type 1 diabetes detected by integrated cell culture and reverse transcription quantitative real-time PCR. Acta Diabetol 2017; 54:1025-1029. [PMID: 28861621 DOI: 10.1007/s00592-017-1041-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Enteroviruses (EV) have been associated with type 1 diabetes (T1D), but EV RNA detection has been reported in only a small proportion of T1D patients. We studied whether integrated cell culture and reverse transcription real-time PCR could improve EV detection in blood samples from patients with T1D. METHODS Blood was collected from 13 patients with T1D. The presence of EV RNA in blood was investigated by using real-time RT-PCR. In addition, plasma and white blood cells (WBC) were inoculated to BGM and Vero cell line cultures. Culture supernatants and cells collected on day 7 and day 14 were tested for EV RNA by real-time RT-PCR. Enterovirus identification was performed through sequencing of the VP4/VP2 region. RESULTS Enterovirus RNA was detected in blood by using real-time RT-PCR in only one out of 13 patients. The detection of EV RNA in cultures inoculated with clinical samples (plasma and/or WBC) gave positive results in five other patients. The viral loads were low, ranging from 45 to 4420 copies/ng of total RNA. One isolate was successfully identified as coxsackievirus B1. CONCLUSIONS Integrated cell culture and reverse transcription real-time PCR can improve the detection rate of EV in blood samples of patients with T1D and can be useful to investigate further the relationship between EV and the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enagnon Kazali Alidjinou
- Laboratoire de Virologie EA3610, Univ Lille, Faculté de Médecine, CHU Lille, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Famara Sane
- Laboratoire de Virologie EA3610, Univ Lille, Faculté de Médecine, CHU Lille, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Christine Lefevre
- Service d'Endocrinologie pédiatrique, CHU Lille, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Agathe Baras
- Laboratoire de Virologie EA3610, Univ Lille, Faculté de Médecine, CHU Lille, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Ilham Moumna
- Laboratoire de Virologie EA3610, Univ Lille, Faculté de Médecine, CHU Lille, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Ilka Engelmann
- Laboratoire de Virologie EA3610, Univ Lille, Faculté de Médecine, CHU Lille, 59000, Lille, France
| | | | - Didier Hober
- Laboratoire de Virologie EA3610, Univ Lille, Faculté de Médecine, CHU Lille, 59000, Lille, France.
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20
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Elmastour F, Jaïdane H, Benkahla M, Aguech-Oueslati L, Sane F, Halouani A, Engelmann I, Bertin A, Mokni M, Gharbi J, Aouni M, Alidjinou EK, Hober D. Anti-coxsackievirus B4 (CV-B4) enhancing activity of serum associated with increased viral load and pathology in mice reinfected with CV-B4. Virulence 2017; 8:908-923. [PMID: 27792461 PMCID: PMC5626334 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2016.1252018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Revised: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In previous studies it was shown that inoculation of Swiss albino mice with CV-B4 E2 resulted in the production of serum IgG capable of enhancing the CV-B4 E2 infection of murine spleen cells cultures. To investigate whether such an enhancing activity of serum can play a role in vivo, we decided to study the CV-B4 E2 infection in mice exposed to successive inoculations of virus. In Swiss albino mice infected with CV-B4 E2 at the age of 21 days, anti-CV-B4 E2 neutralizing and enhancing activities of their serum peaked after 55 d. In contrast, mice inoculated at the age of 55 d expressed much lower activities. Despite the neutralizing activity of serum, CV-B4 E2 inoculated a second time to 55 day-old animals spread into the host. At the age of 72 and 89 d the levels of viral RNA and infectious particles were higher in organs of animals exposed to 2 successive infections compared with animals infected once at the age of 21 d or 55 d. In animals with 2 successive inoculations of CV-B4 E2 there was a relationship between the anti-CV-B4 E2 enhancing activity of serum and the level of viral RNA in organs and an enhancement of pathology was observed as displayed by histological analysis of pancreas and hyperglycaemia. Altogether our data strongly suggest that an anti-CV-B4 E2 enhancing activity in the host can play a role in the outcome of a secondary infection with this virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Firas Elmastour
- Université de Lille, Faculté de Médecine, CHU Lille, Laboratoire de Virologie/EA3610, Lille, France
- Université de Monastir, Laboratoire des Maladies Transmissibles et Substances Biologiquement Actives LR99ES27, Faculté de Pharmacie de Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
- Université de Tunis El Manar, Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Hela Jaïdane
- Université de Monastir, Laboratoire des Maladies Transmissibles et Substances Biologiquement Actives LR99ES27, Faculté de Pharmacie de Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
- Université de Tunis El Manar, Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Mehdi Benkahla
- Université de Lille, Faculté de Médecine, CHU Lille, Laboratoire de Virologie/EA3610, Lille, France
| | - Leila Aguech-Oueslati
- Université de Lille, Faculté de Médecine, CHU Lille, Laboratoire de Virologie/EA3610, Lille, France
- Université de Monastir, Laboratoire des Maladies Transmissibles et Substances Biologiquement Actives LR99ES27, Faculté de Pharmacie de Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Famara Sane
- Université de Lille, Faculté de Médecine, CHU Lille, Laboratoire de Virologie/EA3610, Lille, France
| | - Aymen Halouani
- Université de Monastir, Laboratoire des Maladies Transmissibles et Substances Biologiquement Actives LR99ES27, Faculté de Pharmacie de Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
- Université de Tunis El Manar, Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Ilka Engelmann
- Université de Lille, Faculté de Médecine, CHU Lille, Laboratoire de Virologie/EA3610, Lille, France
| | - Antoine Bertin
- Université de Lille, Faculté de Médecine, CHU Lille, Laboratoire de Virologie/EA3610, Lille, France
| | - Moncef Mokni
- Université de Sousse, CHU Farhat Hached, Service d'Anatomopathologie, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Jawhar Gharbi
- Université de Monastir, Laboratoire des Maladies Transmissibles et Substances Biologiquement Actives LR99ES27, Faculté de Pharmacie de Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Mahjoub Aouni
- Université de Monastir, Laboratoire des Maladies Transmissibles et Substances Biologiquement Actives LR99ES27, Faculté de Pharmacie de Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Enagnon K. Alidjinou
- Université de Lille, Faculté de Médecine, CHU Lille, Laboratoire de Virologie/EA3610, Lille, France
| | - Didier Hober
- Université de Lille, Faculté de Médecine, CHU Lille, Laboratoire de Virologie/EA3610, Lille, France
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21
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Alidjinou EK, Engelmann I, Bossu J, Villenet C, Figeac M, Romond MB, Sané F, Hober D. Persistence of Coxsackievirus B4 in pancreatic ductal-like cells results in cellular and viral changes. Virulence 2017; 8:1229-1244. [PMID: 28112573 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2017.1284735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Although known as cytolytic viruses, group B coxackieviruses (CVB) are able to establish a persistent infection in vitro and in vivo. Viral persistence has been reported as a key mechanism in the pathogenesis of CVB-associated chronic diseases such as type 1 diabetes (T1D). The impact of CVB4 persistence on human pancreas ductal-like cells was investigated. METHODS A persistent CVB4 infection was established in ductal-like cells. PDX-1 expression, resistance to CVB4-induced lysis and CAR expression were evaluated. The profile of cellular microRNAs (miRNAs) was investigated through miRNA-sequencing. Viral phenotypic changes were examined, and genomic modifications were assessed by sequencing of the viral genome. RESULTS The CVB4 persistence in ductal-like cells was productive, with continuous release of infectious particles. Persistently infected cells displayed a resistance to CVB4-induced lysis upon superinfection and expression of PDX-1 and CAR was decreased. These changes were maintained even after virus clearance. The patterns of cellular miRNA expression in mock-infected and in CVB4-persistently infected ductal-like cells were clearly different. The persistent infection-derived virus (PIDV) was still able to induce cytopathic effect but its plaques were smaller than the parental virus. Several mutations appeared in various PIDV genome regions, but amino acid substitutions did not affect the predicted site of interaction with CAR. CONCLUSION Cellular and viral changes occur during persistent infection of human pancreas ductal-like cells with CVB4. The persistence of cellular changes even after virus clearance supports the hypothesis of a long-lasting impact of persistent CVB infection on the cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- E K Alidjinou
- a Univ Lille, CHU Lille, Laboratoire de Virologie EA3610 , Lille , France
| | - I Engelmann
- a Univ Lille, CHU Lille, Laboratoire de Virologie EA3610 , Lille , France
| | - J Bossu
- a Univ Lille, CHU Lille, Laboratoire de Virologie EA3610 , Lille , France
| | - C Villenet
- b Plate-forme de Génomique Fonctionnelle et Structurale , CHU de Lille , France
| | - M Figeac
- b Plate-forme de Génomique Fonctionnelle et Structurale , CHU de Lille , France
| | - M-B Romond
- a Univ Lille, CHU Lille, Laboratoire de Virologie EA3610 , Lille , France
| | - F Sané
- a Univ Lille, CHU Lille, Laboratoire de Virologie EA3610 , Lille , France
| | - D Hober
- a Univ Lille, CHU Lille, Laboratoire de Virologie EA3610 , Lille , France
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22
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Maccari G, Genoni A, Sansonno S, Toniolo A. Properties of Two Enterovirus Antibodies that are Utilized in Diabetes Research. Sci Rep 2016; 6:24757. [PMID: 27091243 PMCID: PMC4835795 DOI: 10.1038/srep24757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Human enteroviruses (EVs) comprise >100 different types. Research suggests a non-chance association between EV infections and type 1 diabetes. Immunohistochemical studies with the anti-EV antibody 5D-8.1 have shown that the EV capsid antigen is present in pancreatic islet cells of diabetic subjects. When it was noticed that 5D-8.1 may cross-react with human proteins, doubt was casted on the significance of the above histopathologic findings. To address this issue, properties of EV antibodies 5D-8.1 and 9D5 have been investigated using peptide microarrays, peptide substitution scanning, immunofluorescence of EV-infected cells, EV neutralization assays, bioinformatics analysis. Evidence indicates that the two antibodies bind to distinct non-neutralizing linear epitopes in VP1 and are specific for a vast spectrum of EV types (not for other human viruses). However, their epitopes may align with a few human proteins at low expected values. When tested by immunofluorescence, high concentrations of 5D-8.1 yelded faint cytoplasmic staining in uninfected cells. At reduced concentrations, both antibodies produced dotted staining only in the cytoplasm of infected cells and recognized both acute and persistent EV infection. Thus, the two monoclonals represent distinct and independent probes for hunting EVs in tissues of patients with diabetes or other endocrine conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Maccari
- Center for Nanotechnology and Innovation, Italian Institute of Technology, Pisa, Italy
| | - Angelo Genoni
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology, Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Silvia Sansonno
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Antonio Toniolo
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology, Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
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23
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Alidjinou EK, Sané F, Trauet J, Copin MC, Hober D. Coxsackievirus B4 Can Infect Human Peripheral Blood-Derived Macrophages. Viruses 2015; 7:6067-79. [PMID: 26610550 PMCID: PMC4664995 DOI: 10.3390/v7112924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Revised: 11/14/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Beyond acute infections, group B coxsackieviruses (CVB) are also reported to play a role in the development of chronic diseases, like type 1 diabetes. The viral pathogenesis mainly relies on the interplay between the viruses and innate immune response in genetically-susceptible individuals. We investigated the interaction between CVB4 and macrophages considered as major players in immune response. Monocyte-derived macrophages (MDM) generated with either M-CSF or GM-CSF were inoculated with CVB4, and infection, inflammation, viral replication and persistence were assessed. M-CSF-induced MDM, but not GM-CSF-induced MDM, can be infected by CVB4. In addition, enhancing serum was not needed to infect MDM in contrast with parental monocytes. The expression of viral receptor (CAR) mRNA was similar in both M-CSF and GM-CSF MDM. CVB4 induced high levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and TNFα) in both MDM populations. CVB4 effectively replicated and persisted in M-CSF MDM, but IFNα was produced in the early phase of infection only. Our results demonstrate that CVB4 can replicate and persist in MDM. Further investigations are required to determine whether the interaction between the virus and MDM plays a role in the pathogenesis of CVB-induced chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enagnon Kazali Alidjinou
- Laboratoire de virologie EA3610, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Lille, CHU de Lille 59037, France.
| | - Famara Sané
- Laboratoire de virologie EA3610, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Lille, CHU de Lille 59037, France.
| | - Jacques Trauet
- Laboratoire d'immunologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Lille, CHU de Lille 59037, France.
| | - Marie-Christine Copin
- Laboratoire d'anatomie pathologique, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Lille, CHU de Lille 59037, France.
| | - Didier Hober
- Laboratoire de virologie EA3610, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Lille, CHU de Lille 59037, France.
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24
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Alidjinou EK, Sané F, Bertin A, Caloone D, Hober D. Persistent infection of human pancreatic cells with Coxsackievirus B4 is cured by fluoxetine. Antiviral Res 2015; 116:51-4. [PMID: 25655448 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2015.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2014] [Revised: 01/12/2015] [Accepted: 01/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Group B Coxsackieviruses (CVB) are involved in various acute clinical features and they can play a role in the development of chronic diseases like type 1 diabetes. The persistence of CVB has been described in vitro and in vivo in various models. Fluoxetine was reported to inhibit the replication of CVB1-3, which prompted us to study the in vitro antiviral activity of fluoxetine against CVB4 in models of acute infection. In addition we took advantage of a chronically CVB4-infected Panc-1 cell line to evaluate the antiviral effect of fluoxetine in a model of persistent CVB4 infection. An inhibition of the CVB4 replication was obtained when fluoxetine was added at 5.48μM to Hep-2 cell cultures. No inhibitory effect was observed when CVB4 was mixed with fluoxetine for 2h and filtered to eliminate fluoxetine before inoculation to cells, or when cells were treated up to 96h and washed before viral inoculation. Fluoxetine (5.48μM) reduced viral replication by more than 50% in acutely infected Panc-1 cell cultures. A dramatic decrease of infectious particles levels in supernatants of Panc-1 cells chronically infected with CVB4 was obtained a few days after treatment with fluoxetine and no infectious viral particle was found as soon as day 21 of treatment, and intracellular enteroviral RNA was undetectable by RT-PCR after three weeks of treatment. These data display that fluoxetine can inhibit the replication of CVB4 and can cure Panc-1 cells chronically infected with CVB4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enagnon Kazali Alidjinou
- Université Lille 2, Faculté de Médecine, CHRU de Lille, Laboratoire de virologie EA3610, Lille, France
| | - Famara Sané
- Université Lille 2, Faculté de Médecine, CHRU de Lille, Laboratoire de virologie EA3610, Lille, France
| | - Antoine Bertin
- Université Lille 2, Faculté de Médecine, CHRU de Lille, Laboratoire de virologie EA3610, Lille, France
| | - Delphine Caloone
- Université Lille 2, Faculté de Médecine, CHRU de Lille, Laboratoire de virologie EA3610, Lille, France
| | - Didier Hober
- Université Lille 2, Faculté de Médecine, CHRU de Lille, Laboratoire de virologie EA3610, Lille, France.
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25
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Schneider DA, von Herrath MG. Potential viral pathogenic mechanism in human type 1 diabetes. Diabetologia 2014; 57:2009-18. [PMID: 25073445 PMCID: PMC4153966 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-014-3340-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2014] [Accepted: 06/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In type 1 diabetes, as a result of as yet unknown triggering events, auto-aggressive CD8(+) T cells, together with a significant number of other inflammatory cells, including CD8(+) T lymphocytes with unknown specificity, infiltrate the pancreas, leading to insulitis and destruction of the insulin-producing beta cells. Type 1 diabetes is a multifactorial disease caused by an interactive combination of genetic and environmental factors. Viruses are major environmental candidates with known potential effects on specific key points in the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes and recent findings seem to confirm this presumption. However, we still lack well-grounded mechanistic explanations for how exactly viruses may influence type 1 diabetes aetiology. In this review we provide a summary of experimentally defined viral mechanisms potentially involved in the ontology of type 1 diabetes and discuss some novel hypotheses of how viruses may affect the initiation and natural history of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darius A. Schneider
- La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, 9420 Athena Circle, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA
- Department of Medicine, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA
| | - Matthias G. von Herrath
- La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, 9420 Athena Circle, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA
- Novo Nordisk Type 1 Diabetes Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109 USA
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26
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric O Freed
- HIV Drug Resistance Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, USA.
| | - Michael Gale
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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