1
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Salinas ND, Ma R, McAleese H, Ouahes T, Long CA, Miura K, Lambert LE, Tolia NH. A Self-Assembling Pfs230D1-Ferritin Nanoparticle Vaccine Has Potent and Durable Malaria Transmission-Reducing Activity. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:546. [PMID: 38793797 PMCID: PMC11125772 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12050546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Malaria is caused by eukaryotic protozoan parasites of the genus Plasmodium. There are 249 million new cases and 608,000 deaths annually, and new interventions are desperately needed. Malaria vaccines can be divided into three categories: liver stage, blood stage, or transmission-blocking vaccines. Transmission-blocking vaccines prevent the transmission of disease by the mosquito vector from one human to another. Pfs230 is one of the leading transmission-blocking vaccine antigens for malaria. Here, we describe the development of a 24-copy self-assembling nanoparticle vaccine comprising domain 1 of Pfs230 genetically fused to H. pylori ferritin. The single-component Pfs230D1-ferritin construct forms a stable and homogenous 24-copy nanoparticle with good production yields. The nanoparticle is highly immunogenic, as two low-dose vaccinations of New Zealand White rabbits elicited a potent and durable antibody response with high transmission-reducing activity when formulated in two distinct adjuvants suitable for translation to human use. This single-component 24-copy Pfs230D1-ferritin nanoparticle vaccine has the potential to improve production pipelines and the cost of manufacturing a potent and durable transmission-blocking vaccine for malaria control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nichole D. Salinas
- Host-Pathogen Interactions and Structural Vaccinology Section, Laboratory of Malaria Immunology and Vaccinology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (N.D.S.)
| | - Rui Ma
- Host-Pathogen Interactions and Structural Vaccinology Section, Laboratory of Malaria Immunology and Vaccinology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (N.D.S.)
| | - Holly McAleese
- Vaccine Development Unit, Laboratory of Malaria Immunology and Vaccinology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Tarik Ouahes
- Vaccine Development Unit, Laboratory of Malaria Immunology and Vaccinology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Carole A. Long
- Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20852, USA
| | - Kazutoyo Miura
- Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20852, USA
| | - Lynn E. Lambert
- Vaccine Development Unit, Laboratory of Malaria Immunology and Vaccinology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Niraj H. Tolia
- Host-Pathogen Interactions and Structural Vaccinology Section, Laboratory of Malaria Immunology and Vaccinology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (N.D.S.)
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2
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Jiao R, Zhao G, Zhang T. Structural Insights into the Reaction between Hydrogen Peroxide and Di-iron Complexes at the Ferroxidase Center of Ferritin. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:3359-3365. [PMID: 38315811 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c03889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
The Fe(II) oxidation mechanism in the ferroxidase center of heavy chain ferritin has been studied extensively. However, the actual production of H2O2 was found to be substantially lower than expected at low flux of Fe(II) to ferritin subunits. Here, we demonstrated that H2O2 could interact with the di-iron nuclear center, leading to the production of hydroxyl radicals and oxygen. Two reaction intermediates were captured in the ferroxidase center by using the time-lapse crystallographic techniques in a shellfish ferritin. The crystal structures revealed the binding of H2O2 as a μ -1,2-peroxo-diferric species and the binding of O2 to the diferric structure. This investigation sheds light on the reaction between the di-iron nuclear center and H2O2 and provides insights for the exploitation of metalloenzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruonan Jiao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Functional Food from Plant Resources, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Guanghua Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Functional Food from Plant Resources, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Tuo Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Functional Food from Plant Resources, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
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3
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Distinct structural characteristics define a new subfamily of Mycoplasma ferritin. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2022.03.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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4
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Caldas Nogueira ML, Pastore AJ, Davidson VL. Diversity of structures and functions of oxo-bridged non-heme diiron proteins. Arch Biochem Biophys 2021; 705:108917. [PMID: 33991497 PMCID: PMC8165033 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2021.108917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Oxo-bridged diiron proteins are a distinct class of non-heme iron proteins. Their active sites are composed of two irons that are coordinated by amino acid side chains, and a bridging oxygen that interacts with each iron. These proteins are members of the ferritin superfamily and share the structural feature of a four α-helix bundle that provides the residues that coordinate the irons. The different proteins also display a wide range of structures and functions. A prototype of this family is hemerythrin, which functions as an oxygen transporter. Several other hemerythrin-like proteins have been described with a diversity of functions including oxygen and iron sensing, and catalytic activities. Rubrerythrins react with hydrogen peroxide and rubrerythrin-like proteins possess a rubredoxin domain, in addition to the oxo-bridged diiron center. Other redox enzymes with oxo-bridged irons include flavodiiron proteins that act as O2 or NO reductases, ribonucleotide reductase and methane monooxygenase. Ferritins have an oxo-bridged diiron in the ferroxidase center of the protein, which plays a role in the iron storage function of these proteins. There are also bacterial ferritins that exhibit catalytic activities. The structures and functions of this broad class of oxo-bridged diiron proteins are described and compared in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Luiza Caldas Nogueira
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, 32827, United States
| | - Anthony J Pastore
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, 32827, United States
| | - Victor L Davidson
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, 32827, United States.
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5
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Wang W, Zhang Y, Zhao G, Wang H. Ferritin with Atypical Ferroxidase Centers Takes B-Channels as the Pathway for Fe 2+ Uptake from Mycoplasma. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:7207-7216. [PMID: 33852289 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c00265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Here, we present a 1.9 Å resolution crystal structure of Mycoplasma Penetrans ferritin, which reveals that its ferroxidase center is located on the inner surface of ferritin but not buried within the four-helix of each subunit. Such a ferroxidase center exhibits a lower iron oxidation activity as compared to the reported ferritin. More importantly, we found that Fe2+ enters into the center via the rarely reported B-channels rather than the normal 3- or 4-fold channels. All these findings may provide the structural bases to explore the new iron oxidation mechanism adopted by this special ferritin, which is beneficial for understanding the relationship between the structure and function of ferritin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenming Wang
- Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China.,Shanxi Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Yao Zhang
- Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Guanghua Zhao
- College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Hongfei Wang
- Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
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6
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Bradley JM, Svistunenko DA, Wilson MT, Hemmings AM, Moore GR, Le Brun NE. Bacterial iron detoxification at the molecular level. J Biol Chem 2021; 295:17602-17623. [PMID: 33454001 PMCID: PMC7762939 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.rev120.007746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Iron is an essential micronutrient, and, in the case of bacteria, its availability is commonly a growth-limiting factor. However, correct functioning of cells requires that the labile pool of chelatable "free" iron be tightly regulated. Correct metalation of proteins requiring iron as a cofactor demands that such a readily accessible source of iron exist, but overaccumulation results in an oxidative burden that, if unchecked, would lead to cell death. The toxicity of iron stems from its potential to catalyze formation of reactive oxygen species that, in addition to causing damage to biological molecules, can also lead to the formation of reactive nitrogen species. To avoid iron-mediated oxidative stress, bacteria utilize iron-dependent global regulators to sense the iron status of the cell and regulate the expression of proteins involved in the acquisition, storage, and efflux of iron accordingly. Here, we survey the current understanding of the structure and mechanism of the important members of each of these classes of protein. Diversity in the details of iron homeostasis mechanisms reflect the differing nutritional stresses resulting from the wide variety of ecological niches that bacteria inhabit. However, in this review, we seek to highlight the similarities of iron homeostasis between different bacteria, while acknowledging important variations. In this way, we hope to illustrate how bacteria have evolved common approaches to overcome the dual problems of the insolubility and potential toxicity of iron.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin M Bradley
- Centre for Molecular and Structural Biochemistry, School of Chemistry, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom.
| | | | - Michael T Wilson
- School of Life Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew M Hemmings
- Centre for Molecular and Structural Biochemistry, School of Chemistry, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom; Centre for Molecular and Structural Biochemistry, School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Geoffrey R Moore
- Centre for Molecular and Structural Biochemistry, School of Chemistry, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Nick E Le Brun
- Centre for Molecular and Structural Biochemistry, School of Chemistry, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom.
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7
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Wang R, Xu SY, Zhang M, Ghulam A, Dai CL, Zheng P. Iron as electron donor for denitrification: The efficiency, toxicity and mechanism. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 194:110343. [PMID: 32151862 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
For the treatment of low C/N wastewaters, methanol or acetate is usually dosed as electron donor for denitrification but such organics makes the process costly. To decrease the cost, iron which is the fourth most abundant element in lithosphere is suggested as the substitution of methanol and acetate. The peak volumetric removal rate (VRR) of nitrate nitrogen in the ferrous iron-dependent nitrate removal (FeNiR) reactor was 0.70 ± 0.04 kg-N/(m3·d), and the corresponding removal efficiency was 98%. Iron showed toxicity to cells by decreasing the live cell amount (dropped 56%) and the live cell activity (dropped 70%). The toxicity of iron was mainly expressed by the formation of iron encrustation. From microbial community data analysis, heterotrophs (Paracocccus, Thauera and Azoarcus) faded away while the facultative chemolithotrophs (Hyphomicrobium and Anaerolineaceae_uncultured) dominated in the reactor after replacing acetate with ferrous iron in the influent. Through scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM), two iron oxidation sites in FeNiR cells were observed and accordingly two FeNiR mechanisms were proposed: 1) extracellular FeNiR in which ferrous iron was bio-oxidized extracellularly; and 2) intracellular FeNiR in which ferrous iron was chemically oxidized in periplasm. Bio-oxidation (extracellular FeNiR) and chemical oxidation (intracellular FeNiR) of ferrous iron coexisted in FeNiR reactor, but the former one predominated. Comparing with the control group without electron donor in the influent, FeNiR reactor showed 2 times higher and stable nitrate removal rate, suggesting iron could be used as electron donor for denitrification. However, further research works are still needed for the practical application of FeNiR in wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru Wang
- Environmental and Municipal Engineering College, Xi'an Univerisity of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, PR China.
| | - Shao-Yi Xu
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China.
| | - Meng Zhang
- Advanced Environmental Biotechnology Centre, Nanyang Environment Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637141, Singapore.
| | - Abbas Ghulam
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Gujrat, Gujrat, 50700, Pakistan.
| | - Chen-Lin Dai
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China.
| | - Ping Zheng
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China.
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8
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Pietra F. A New Route for Dioxygen Activation Uncovered from Quantum Mechanics Investigations of X‐Ray‐Diffraction‐Captured Intermediates of the Ferroxidase Reaction of Ferritins from Gram‐Negative Bacteria. ADVANCED THEORY AND SIMULATIONS 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/adts.201900253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Pietra
- Accademia Lucchese di Scienze Lettere e ArtiClasse di Scienze, Palazzo Pretorio Via Vittorio Veneto 1 I‐55100 Lucca Italy
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9
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Zhang Z, Jiang S, Liu Y, Sun Y, Yu P, Gong Q, Zeng H, Li Y, Xue F, Zhuge X, Ren J, Dai J, Tang F. Identification of ireA, 0007, 0008, and 2235 as TonB-dependent receptors in the avian pathogenic Escherichia coli strain DE205B. Vet Res 2020; 51:5. [PMID: 31973724 PMCID: PMC6979363 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-020-0734-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC), a pathotype of extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli, causes one of the most serious infectious diseases of poultry and shares some common virulence genes with neonatal meningitis-associated E. coli. TonB-dependent receptors (TBDRs) are ubiquitous outer membrane β-barrel proteins; they play an important role in the recognition of siderophores during iron uptake. Here, in the APEC strain DE205B, we investigated the role of four putative TBDRs-ireA, 0007, 0008, and 2235-in iron uptake. Glutathione-S-transferase pulldown assays indicated that the proteins encoded by these genes directly interact with TonB. Moreover, the expression levels of all four genes were significantly upregulated under iron-depleted conditions compared with iron-rich conditions. The expression levels of several iron uptake-related genes were significantly increased in the ireA, 0007, 0008, and 2235 deletion strains, with the upregulation being the most prominent in the ireA deletion mutant. Furthermore, iron uptake by the ireA deletion strain was significantly increased compared to that by the wild-type strain. Moreover, a tonB mutant strain was constructed to study the effect of tonB deletion on the TBDRs. We found that regardless of the presence of tonB, the expression levels of the genes encoding the four TBDRs were regulated by fur. In conclusion, our findings indicated that ireA, 0007, 0008, and 2235 indeed encode TBDRs, with ireA having the most important role in iron uptake. These results should help future studies explore the mechanisms underlying the TonB-dependent iron uptake pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhonghua Zhang
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, Key Laboratory of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Shan Jiang
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, Key Laboratory of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yun Liu
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, Key Laboratory of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yu Sun
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, Key Laboratory of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Peixin Yu
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, Key Laboratory of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Qianwen Gong
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, Key Laboratory of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Hang Zeng
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, Key Laboratory of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yihao Li
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, Key Laboratory of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Feng Xue
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, Key Laboratory of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Xiangkai Zhuge
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, Key Laboratory of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Jianluan Ren
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, Key Laboratory of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Jianjun Dai
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, Key Laboratory of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
| | - Fang Tang
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, Key Laboratory of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
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10
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Liang AD, Serrano-Plana J, Peterson RL, Ward TR. Artificial Metalloenzymes Based on the Biotin-Streptavidin Technology: Enzymatic Cascades and Directed Evolution. Acc Chem Res 2019; 52:585-595. [PMID: 30735358 PMCID: PMC6427477 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.8b00618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
![]()
Artificial metalloenzymes (ArMs) result from
anchoring a metal-containing
moiety within a macromolecular scaffold (protein or oligonucleotide).
The resulting hybrid catalyst combines attractive features of both
homogeneous catalysts and enzymes. This strategy includes the possibility
of optimizing the reaction by both chemical (catalyst design) and
genetic means leading to achievement of a novel degree of (enantio)selectivity,
broadening of the substrate scope, or increased activity, among others.
In the past 20 years, the Ward group has exploited, among others,
the biotin–(strept)avidin technology to localize a catalytic
moiety within a well-defined protein environment. Streptavidin has
proven versatile for the implementation of ArMs as it offers the following
features: (i) it is an extremely robust protein scaffold, amenable
to extensive genetic manipulation and mishandling, (ii) it can be
expressed in E. coli to very high titers (up to >8
g·L–1 in fed-batch cultures), and (iii) the
cavity surrounding the biotinylated cofactor is commensurate with
the size of a typical metal-catalyzed transition state. Relying on
a chemogenetic optimization strategy, varying the orientation and
the nature of the biotinylated cofactor within genetically engineered
streptavidin, 12 reactions have been reported by the Ward group thus
far. Recent efforts within our group have focused on extending the
ArM technology to create complex systems for integration into biological
cascade reactions and in vivo. With the long-term
goal of complementing in vivo natural enzymes with
ArMs, we summarize herein three complementary
research lines: (i) With the aim of mimicking complex cross-regulation
mechanisms prevalent in metabolism, we have engineered enzyme cascades,
including cross-regulated reactions, that rely on ArMs. These efforts
highlight the remarkable (bio)compatibility and complementarity of
ArMs with natural enzymes. (ii) Additionally, multiple-turnover catalysis
in the cytoplasm of aerobic organisms was achieved with ArMs that
are compatible with a glutathione-rich environment. This feat is demonstrated
in HEK-293T cells that are engineered with a gene switch that is upregulated
by an ArM equipped with a cell-penetrating module. (iii) Finally,
ArMs offer the fascinating prospect of “endowing organometallic
chemistry with a genetic memory.” With this goal in mind, we
have identified E. coli’s periplasmic space
and surface display to compartmentalize an ArM, while maintaining
the critical phenotype–genotype linkage. This strategy offers
a straightforward means to optimize by directed evolution the catalytic
performance of ArMs. Five reactions have been optimized following
these compartmentalization strategies: ruthenium-catalyzed olefin
metathesis, ruthenium-catalyzed deallylation, iridium-catalyzed transfer
hydrogenation, dirhodium-catalyzed cyclopropanation and carbene insertion
in C–H bonds. Importantly, >100 turnovers were achieved
with
ArMs in E. coli whole cells, highlighting the multiple
turnover catalytic nature of these systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandria Deliz Liang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, BPR1096, Mattenstrasse 24a, CH-4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Joan Serrano-Plana
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, BPR1096, Mattenstrasse 24a, CH-4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ryan L. Peterson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, BPR1096, Mattenstrasse 24a, CH-4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Thomas R. Ward
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, BPR1096, Mattenstrasse 24a, CH-4058 Basel, Switzerland
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11
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Pietra F. New Vistas on the Recruiting of Ferrous Iron and Dioxygen by Ferritins: A Case Study of the Escherichia coli 24-mer Ferritin by All-Atom Molecular Dynamics in Aqueous Medium. Chem Biodivers 2018; 15:e1800197. [PMID: 29873188 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201800197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
It is shown here that Fe2+ and O2 ligands are displaced from the ferroxidase center of the C1 four-helix bundle of E. coli 24-mer ferritin under molecular dynamics (MD) aided by a randomly oriented external force applied to the ligand. Under these conditions, ligand egress toward the external aqueous medium occurs preferentially from the same four-helix bundle, in the case of O2 , or other bundle, in the case of Fe2 . Viewing ligand egress from the protein as the microscopic reverse of ligand influx into the protein under unbiased MD, these findings challenge current views that preferential gates for recruitment of Fe2+ are 3-fold channels with human ferritin, or the short path from the ferroxidase center to H93 with bacterial ferritins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Pietra
- Accademia Lucchese di Scienze, Lettere e Arti, Classe di Scienze, Palazzo Pretorio, via Vittorio Veneto 1, 55100, Lucca, Italy
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12
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Hagen WR, Hagedoorn PL, Honarmand Ebrahimi K. The workings of ferritin: a crossroad of opinions. Metallomics 2018; 9:595-605. [PMID: 28573266 DOI: 10.1039/c7mt00124j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Biochemistry of the essential element iron is complicated by radical chemistry associated with Fe(ii) ions and by the extremely low solubility of the Fe(iii) ion in near-neutral water. To mitigate these problems cells from all domains of life synthesize the protein ferritin to take up and oxidize Fe(ii) and to form a soluble storage of Fe(iii) from which iron can be made available for physiology. A long history of studies on ferritin has not yet resulted in a generally accepted mechanism of action of this enzyme. In fact strong disagreement exists between extant ideas on several key steps in the workings of ferritin. The scope of this review is to explain the experimental background of these controversies and to indicate directions towards their possible resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilfred R Hagen
- Delft University of Technology, Department of Biotechnology, van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands.
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13
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Lee DB, Kim JM, Seok JH, Lee JH, Jo JD, Mun JY, Conrad C, Coe J, Nelson G, Hogue B, White TA, Zatsepin N, Weierstall U, Barty A, Chapman H, Fromme P, Spence J, Chung MS, Oh CH, Kim KH. Supersaturation-controlled microcrystallization and visualization analysis for serial femtosecond crystallography. Sci Rep 2018; 8:2541. [PMID: 29416086 PMCID: PMC5803221 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-20899-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Time-resolved serial femtosecond crystallography with X-ray free electron laser (XFEL) holds the potential to view fast reactions occurring at near-physiological temperature. However, production and characterization of homogeneous micron-sized protein crystals at high density remain a bottleneck, due to the lack of the necessary equipments in ordinary laboratories. We describe here supersaturation-controlled microcrystallization and visualization and analysis tools that can be easily used in any laboratory. The microcrystallization conditions of the influenza virus hemagglutinin were initially obtained with low reproducibility, which was improved by employing a rapid evaporation of hanging drops. Supersaturation-controlled microcrystallization was then developed in a vapor diffusion mode, where supersaturation was induced by evaporation in hanging drops sequentially for durations ranging from 30 sec to 3 min, depending on the protein. It was applied successfully to the microcrystal formation of lysozyme, ferritin and hemagglutinin with high density. Moreover, visualization and analysis tools were developed to characterize the microcrystals observed by light microscopy. The size and density distributions of microcrystals analyzed by the tools were found to be consistent with the results of manual analysis, further validated by high-resolution microscopic analyses. Our supersaturation-controlled microcrystallization and visualization and analysis tools will provide universal access to successful XFEL studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Bi Lee
- Department of Biotechnology & Bioinformatics, Korea University, Sejong, Korea
| | - Jong-Min Kim
- Department of Electronics & Information Engineering, Korea University, Sejong, Korea
| | - Jong Hyeon Seok
- Department of Biotechnology & Bioinformatics, Korea University, Sejong, Korea
| | - Ji-Hye Lee
- Department of Biotechnology & Bioinformatics, Korea University, Sejong, Korea
| | - Jae Deok Jo
- Department of Biotechnology & Bioinformatics, Korea University, Sejong, Korea
| | - Ji Young Mun
- Department of Structure and Function of Neural Network, Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu, Korea
| | - Chelsie Conrad
- Department of Chemistry, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
| | - Jesse Coe
- Department of Chemistry, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
| | - Garrett Nelson
- Department of Physics, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
| | - Brenda Hogue
- Biodesign Center for Applied Structural Discovery, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
| | - Thomas A White
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Nadia Zatsepin
- Department of Physics, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
| | - Uwe Weierstall
- Department of Physics, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
| | - Anton Barty
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Henry Chapman
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Petra Fromme
- Department of Chemistry, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
| | - John Spence
- Department of Physics, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
| | - Mi Sook Chung
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Duksung Women's University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chang-Hyun Oh
- Department of Electronics & Information Engineering, Korea University, Sejong, Korea.
| | - Kyung Hyun Kim
- Department of Biotechnology & Bioinformatics, Korea University, Sejong, Korea.
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14
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Moglia I, Santiago M, Olivera-Nappa Á, Soler M. An optimized low-cost protocol for standardized production of iron-free apoferritin nanocages with high protein recovery and suitable conformation for nanotechnological applications. J Inorg Biochem 2017; 183:184-190. [PMID: 29279245 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2017.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Revised: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Ferritin is a globular protein that consists of 24 subunits forming a hollow nanocage structure that naturally stores iron oxyhydroxides. Elimination of iron atoms to obtain the empty protein called apoferritin is the first step to use this organic shell as a nanoreactor for different nanotechnological applications. Different protocols have been reported for apoferritin formation, but some are time consuming, others are difficult to reproduce and protein recovery yields are seldom reported. Here we tested several protocols and performed a complete material characterization of the apoferritin products using size exclusion chromatography, UV-vis spectroscopy, inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry and dynamic light scattering. Our best method removes more than 99% of the iron from loaded holoferritin, recovering 70-80% of the original protein as monomeric apoferritin nanocages. Our work shows that pH conditions of the reduction step and the presence and nature of chelating agents affect the efficiency of iron removal. Furthermore, process conditions also seem to have an influence on the monomer:aggregate proportion present in the product. We also demonstrate that iron contents markedly increase ferritin absorbance at 280nm. The influence of iron contents on absorbance at 280nm precludes using this simple spectrophotometric measure for protein determination in ferritin‑iron complexes. Apoferritin produced following our protocol only requires readily-available, cheap and biocompatible reagents, which makes this process standardizable, scalable and applicable to be used for in vivo applications of ferritin derivatives as well as nanotechnological and biotechnological uses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Italo Moglia
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Biotechnology and Materials, FCFM, University of Chile, Beauchef 851, Santiago, Chile
| | - Margarita Santiago
- Center for Biotechnology and Bioengineering - CeBiB, FCFM, University of Chile, Beauchef 851, Santiago, Chile
| | - Álvaro Olivera-Nappa
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Biotechnology and Materials, FCFM, University of Chile, Beauchef 851, Santiago, Chile; Center for Biotechnology and Bioengineering - CeBiB, FCFM, University of Chile, Beauchef 851, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Mónica Soler
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Biotechnology and Materials, FCFM, University of Chile, Beauchef 851, Santiago, Chile.
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15
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Dhusia K, Bajpai A, Ramteke PW. Overcoming antibiotic resistance: Is siderophore Trojan horse conjugation an answer to evolving resistance in microbial pathogens? J Control Release 2017; 269:63-87. [PMID: 29129658 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2017.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Revised: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Comparative study of siderophore biosynthesis pathway in pathogens provides potential targets for antibiotics and host drug delivery as a part of computationally feasible microbial therapy. Iron acquisition using siderophore models is an essential and well established model in all microorganisms and microbial infections a known to cause great havoc to both plant and animal. Rapid development of antibiotic resistance in bacterial as well as fungal pathogens has drawn us at a verge where one has to get rid of the traditional way of obstructing pathogen using single or multiple antibiotic/chemical inhibitors or drugs. 'Trojan horse' strategy is an answer to this imperative call where antibiotic are by far sneaked into the pathogenic cell via the siderophore receptors at cell and outer membrane. This antibiotic once gets inside, generates a 'black hole' scenario within the opportunistic pathogens via iron scarcity. For pathogens whose siderophore are not compatible to smuggle drug due to their complex conformation and stiff valence bonds, there is another approach. By means of the siderophore biosynthesis pathways, potential targets for inhibition of these siderophores in pathogenic bacteria could be achieved and thus control pathogenic virulence. Method to design artificial exogenous siderophores for pathogens that would compete and succeed the battle of intake is also covered with this review. These manipulated siderophore would enter pathogenic cell like any other siderophore but will not disperse iron due to which iron inadequacy and hence pathogens control be accomplished. The aim of this review is to offer strategies to overcome the microbial infections/pathogens using siderophore.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalyani Dhusia
- Deptartment of Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Jacob Institute of Biotechnology and Bio-Engineering, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences (SHUATS), Allahabad-211007 (U.P.), India
| | - Archana Bajpai
- Laboratory for Disease Systems Modeling, Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, RIKEN, Yokohama City, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
| | - P W Ramteke
- Deptartment of Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Jacob Institute of Biotechnology and Bio-Engineering, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences (SHUATS), Allahabad-211007 (U.P.), India
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16
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Honarmand Ebrahimi K, Bill E, Hagedoorn P, Hagen WR. Spectroscopic evidence for the presence of a high-valent Fe(IV) species in the ferroxidase reaction of an archaeal ferritin. FEBS Lett 2017; 591:1712-1719. [PMID: 28542723 PMCID: PMC5519934 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.12697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Revised: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A high‐valent Fe(IV) species is proposed to be generated from the decay of a peroxodiferric intermediate in the catalytic cycle at the di‐iron cofactor center of dioxygen‐activating enzymes such as methane monooxygenase. However, it is believed that this intermediate is not formed in the di‐iron substrate site of ferritin, where oxidation of Fe(II) substrate to Fe(III) (the ferroxidase reaction) occurs also via a peroxodiferric intermediate. In opposition to this generally accepted view, here we present evidence for the occurrence of a high‐valent Fe(IV) in the ferroxidase reaction of an archaeal ferritin, which is based on trapped intermediates obtained with the freeze‐quench technique and combination of spectroscopic characterization. We hypothesize that a Fe(IV) intermediate catalyzes oxidation of excess Fe(II) nearby the ferroxidase center.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eckhard Bill
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion (MPI‐CEC)MülheimGermany
| | | | - Wilfred R. Hagen
- Department of BiotechnologyDelft University of TechnologyThe Netherlands
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17
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Diversity of Fe 2+ entry and oxidation in ferritins. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2017; 37:122-128. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2017.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Revised: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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