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Kruzic JJ, Hoffman M, Arsecularatne JA. Fatigue and wear of human tooth enamel: A review. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2023; 138:105574. [PMID: 36473402 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2022.105574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Human tooth enamel must withstand the cyclic contact forces, wear, and corrosion processes involved with typical oral functions. Furthermore, unlike other human tissues, dental enamel does not have a significant capacity for healing or self-repair and thus the longevity of natural teeth in the oral environment depends to a large degree on the fatigue and wear properties of enamel. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of our understanding of the fatigue and wear mechanisms of human enamel and how they relate to in vivo observations of tooth damage in the complex oral environment. A key finding of this review is that fatigue and wear processes are closely related. For example, the presence of abrasive wear particles significantly lowers the forces needed to initiate contact fatigue cracking while subsurface fatigue crack propagation drives key delamination wear mechanisms during attrition or attrition-corrosion of enamel. Furthermore, this review seeks to bring a materials science and mechanical engineering perspective to fatigue and wear phenomena. In this regard, we see developing a mechanistic description of fatigue and wear, and understanding the interconnectivity of the processes, as essential for successfully modelling enamel fatigue and wear damage and developing strategies and treatments to improve the longevity of our natural teeth. Furthermore, we anticipate that this review will stimulate ideas for extending the lifetime of the natural tooth structure and will help highlight where our understanding is too limited and where additional research into fatigue and wear of human tooth enamel is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie J Kruzic
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW Sydney), Sydney NSW 2052, Australia.
| | - Mark Hoffman
- School of Engineering, University of Newcastle, Callaghan NSW 2308, Australia; School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW Sydney), Sydney NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Joseph A Arsecularatne
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW Sydney), Sydney NSW 2052, Australia
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2
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Jin C, Deng J, Pan P, Xiong Y, Zhu L, Gao S. Comparative study on the impact-sliding wear behaviour of CAD/CAM resin-ceramic materials and tooth enamel. Dent Mater 2023; 39:25-40. [PMID: 36456379 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2022.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To compare the impact-sliding wear of different CAD/CAM resin-ceramic materials and tooth enamel, and explore the corresponding wear damage mechanism. METHODS Human tooth enamel (EN), Vita ENAMIC (Vita, VE), Lava Ultimate (3 M, LU), and GC CERASMART (GC, CS) were used in this study. The hardness, elastic modulus, and roughness values of the samples were measured. Further, impact-sliding wear tests were performed in a ball-on-flat configuration with spherical zirconia antagonists and the coefficients of friction (CoF) were recorded simultaneously. Additionally, a white light interferometer was used to determine the volume losses and scanning electron microscopy was used to observe the wear morphology of the wear scars and the damage feature in the vertical sections to clarify the damage mechanism during the impact-sliding wear test. RESULTS EN exhibited the highest elastic modulus and CoF, followed by VE, LU, and CS. The hardness and roughness of EN and VE were similar and were higher than those of LU and CS. Throughout the wear tests, VE exhibited the highest volume loss, whereas CS exhibited the lowest. The wear damage characteristics of VE were similar to those of EN, displaying brittle fractures of inorganic substances and plastic deformation of organic substances in the impact part, exhibiting plough marks in the sliding parts. In the case of LU and CS, the entire wear areas displayed plastic deformation of the resin matrix, exfoliation of the filler particles, and plough marks. SIGNIFICANCE Enamel and polymer-infiltrated ceramic network materials exhibit similar wear damage modes. Additionally, the high-density nanocomposite resin material is the most resistant to impact-sliding wear from a tribological perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunxiao Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Jiuhong Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Peiyue Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Yuhuan Xiong
- Department of Stomatology, The First People's Hospital of Longquanyi District, Chengdu, Sichuan 610100, China
| | - Liqing Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Shanshan Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China.
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3
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Arsecularatne JA, Tran S, Hoffman MJ. The effect of temperature on the wear behaviour of dental composites. BIOSURFACE AND BIOTRIBOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1049/bsb2.12052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph A. Arsecularatne
- School of Materials Science and Engineering UNSW Sydney Sydney New South Wales Australia
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering UNSW Sydney Sydney New South Wales Australia
| | - Serena Tran
- School of Materials Science and Engineering UNSW Sydney Sydney New South Wales Australia
| | - Mark J. Hoffman
- School of Materials Science and Engineering UNSW Sydney Sydney New South Wales Australia
- School of Engineering University of Newcastle Callaghan New South Wales Australia
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4
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Wu Y, Liu J, Yang Y, Tu S, Liu Z, Wang Y, Peng C, Liu G, Jin Y. Special architecture and anti-wear strategies for giant panda tooth enamel: Based on wear simulation findings. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:985733. [PMID: 36187810 PMCID: PMC9516319 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.985733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Giant pandas are the flagship species in world conservation. Due to bamboo being the primary food source for giant pandas, dental wear is common owing to the extreme toughness of the bamboo fiber. Even though research on tooth enamel wear in humans and domestic animals is well-established, research on tooth enamel wear in giant pandas is scarce. The purpose of this study is to evaluate tooth enamel wear resistance in giant pandas to provide a basis for a better understanding of their evolutionary process. From microscopic and macroscopic perspectives, the abrasion resistance of dental enamel in giant pandas is compared with that of herbivorous cattle and carnivorous dogs in this study. This involves the use of micro-scratch and frictional wear tests. The results show that the boundary between the enamel prism and the enamel prism stroma is well-defined in panda and canine teeth, while bovine tooth enamel appears denser. Under constant load, the tribological properties of giant panda enamel are similar to those of canines and significantly different from those of bovines. Test results show that the depth of micro scratches in giant panda and canine enamel was greater than in cattle, with greater elastic recovery occurring in dogs. Scratch morphology indicates that the enamel substantive damage critical value is greater in pandas than in both dogs and cattle. The analysis suggests that giant panda enamel consists of a neatly arranged special structure that may disperse extrusion stress and absorb impact energy through a series of inelastic deformation mechanisms to cope with the wear caused by eating bamboo. In this study, the excellent wear resistance of giant panda's tooth enamel is verified by wear tests. A possible theoretical explanation of how the special structure of giant panda tooth enamel may improve its wear resistance is provided. This provides a direction for subsequent theoretical and experimental studies on giant panda tooth enamel and its biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanheng Wu
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jinxing Liu
- Tsinghua Laboratory of Brain and Intelligence, Nonhuman Primate Research Center Tsingua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yongqiang Yang
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Shaotong Tu
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zichen Liu
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yingyun Wang
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Chen Peng
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Gang Liu
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Gang Liu
| | - Yipeng Jin
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Yipeng Jin
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5
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House KL, Pan L, O'Carroll DM, Xu S. Applications of scanning electron microscopy and focused ion beam milling in dental research. Eur J Oral Sci 2022; 130:e12853. [PMID: 35288994 DOI: 10.1111/eos.12853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The abilities of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and focused ion beam (FIB) milling for obtaining high-resolution images from top surfaces, cross-sectional surfaces, and even in three dimensions, are becoming increasingly important for imaging and analyzing tooth structures such as enamel and dentin. FIB was originally developed for material research in the semiconductor industry. However, use of SEM/FIB has been growing recently in dental research due to the versatility of dual platform instruments that can be used as a milling device to obtain low-artifact cross-sections of samples combined with high-resolution images. The advent of the SEM/FIB system and accessories may offer access to previously inaccessible length scales for characterizing tooth structures for dental research, opening exciting opportunities to address many central questions in dental research. New discoveries and fundamental breakthroughs in understanding are likely to follow. This review covers the applications, key findings, and future direction of SEM/FIB in dental research in morphology imaging, specimen preparation for transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis, and three-dimensional volume imaging using SEM/FIB tomography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krystal L House
- Colgate Palmolive Company, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA.,Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
| | - Long Pan
- Colgate Palmolive Company, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
| | - Deirdre M O'Carroll
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
| | - Shiyou Xu
- Colgate Palmolive Company, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
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6
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Seidel A, Belli R, Breidebach N, Wichmann M, Matta RE. The occlusal wear of ceramic fixed dental prostheses: 3-Year results in a randomized controlled clinical trial with split-mouth design. J Dent 2020; 103:103500. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2020.103500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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7
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Branco AC, Silva R, Jorge H, Santos T, Lorenz K, Polido M, Colaço R, Serro AP, Figueiredo-Pina CG. Tribological performance of the pair human teeth vs 3D printed zirconia: An in vitro chewing simulation study. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2020; 110:103900. [PMID: 32957205 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2020.103900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This study aims to evaluate the tribological performance of the pair human teeth/robocasted zirconia, with a special focus on the enamel wear mechanisms. Zirconia pieces produced by robocasting (RC) and unidirectional compression (UC) were compared in terms of crystalline structure, density, porosity, hardness and toughness. Chewing simulation tests were performed against human dental cusps. The cusps wear was quantified and the wear mechanisms identified. Although most of the properties of UC and RC samples are similar, differences were observed for surface roughness and porosity. Although the samples did not suffer wear, the antagonist cusps worn in a similar way. In conclusion, robocasting seems a promising technique to produce customized zirconia dental pieces, namely in what concerns the overall tribological behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C Branco
- CQE, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal; CDP2T, Escola Superior de Tecnologia de Setúbal, Instituto Politécnico de Setúbal, Setúbal, Portugal
| | - R Silva
- CQE, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - H Jorge
- Centro Tecnológico da Cerâmica e Do Vidro (CTCV), Coimbra, Portugal
| | | | - K Lorenz
- INESC-MN, IPFN, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - M Polido
- CiiEM, Escola Superior de Saúde Egas Moniz, Monte de Caparica, Portugal
| | - R Colaço
- IDMEC e Departamento de Engenharia Mecânica, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - A P Serro
- CQE, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal; CiiEM, Escola Superior de Saúde Egas Moniz, Monte de Caparica, Portugal.
| | - C G Figueiredo-Pina
- CDP2T, Escola Superior de Tecnologia de Setúbal, Instituto Politécnico de Setúbal, Setúbal, Portugal; CiiEM, Escola Superior de Saúde Egas Moniz, Monte de Caparica, Portugal; CeFEMA, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
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8
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Branco AC, Colaço R, Figueiredo-Pina CG, Serro AP. A State-of-the-Art Review on the Wear of the Occlusal Surfaces of Natural Teeth and Prosthetic Crowns. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13163525. [PMID: 32785120 PMCID: PMC7476047 DOI: 10.3390/ma13163525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This review focuses on the wear mechanisms of natural and restorative dental materials, presenting a comprehensive description and analysis of the works published in the last two decades on the wear at the interface of occlusal surfaces. Different groups of tribological pairs were considered: tooth-tooth, tooth-restorative material (tooth-ceramic, tooth-resin-based-materials, and tooth-metal), and restorative-restorative materials. The lack of standardization of the wear tests impairs the direct comparison of the obtained results. However, it was possible to infer about the main wear mechanisms observed on the different classes of dental materials. Concerning ceramics, their toughness and surface finishing determines the wear of antagonist tooth. Abrasion revealed to be the main wear mechanisms at occlusal interface. In the case of resin-based composites, the cohesion of the organic matrix and the nature, shape, and amount of filler particles greatly influences the dental wear. The protruding and detachment of the filler particles are the main causes of abrasion of antagonist enamel. Metallic materials induce lower wear on antagonist enamel than the other classes of materials, because of their low hardness and high ductility. Most of the studies revealed plastic deformation and adhesive wear as the main wear mechanisms. Overall, more research in this area is needed for a better understanding of the mechanisms involved at the occlusal surfaces wear. This would be essential for the development of more suitable restoration materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Catarina Branco
- Centro de Química Estrutural (CQE), Instituto Superior Técnico, University of Lisbon, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal; (A.C.B.); (A.P.S.)
- Centro de Desenvolvimento de Produto e Transferência de Tecnologia (CDP2T), Department of Mechanical Engineering, Instituto Politécnico de Setúbal, 2910-761 Setúbal, Portugal
- Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz (CiiEM), Instituto Universitário Egas Moniz, 2829-511 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Rogério Colaço
- Instituto de Engenharia Mecânica (IDMEC), Department of Mechanical Engineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, University of Lisbon, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal;
| | - Célio Gabriel Figueiredo-Pina
- Centro de Desenvolvimento de Produto e Transferência de Tecnologia (CDP2T), Department of Mechanical Engineering, Instituto Politécnico de Setúbal, 2910-761 Setúbal, Portugal
- Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz (CiiEM), Instituto Universitário Egas Moniz, 2829-511 Caparica, Portugal
- Centro de Física e Engenharia de Materiais Avançados (CeFEMA), Instituto Superior Técnico, University of Lisbon, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
- Correspondence:
| | - Ana Paula Serro
- Centro de Química Estrutural (CQE), Instituto Superior Técnico, University of Lisbon, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal; (A.C.B.); (A.P.S.)
- Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz (CiiEM), Instituto Universitário Egas Moniz, 2829-511 Caparica, Portugal
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Abstract
Since 1966 the term “tribology” has integrated different topics like friction, lubrication and wear. After a few years, interest in this type of phenomena rapidly spread out around the world of biology and medicine, determining a new research area defined as biotribology. This commentary is conceived within this framework with the aim of underlining the close link between tribology and dentistry regarding both physiological and restorative issues. The contact between teeth requires investigation into their tribological behavior focusing on the enamel wear process against natural teeth and/or artificial teeth, allowing us to obtain useful information on the tribological behavior of restorative materials. Thus, tested materials may be natural teeth, restorative materials (metal alloys, ceramics, composites) or both. This work aims to make a contribution to underlining the need for greater standardization of tribological experimental procedures as well as to obtaining more homogeneous and indicative results on the tested tribo systems.
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10
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Solaymani S, Ghoranneviss M, Elahi SM, Shafiekhani A, Kulesza S, Ţălu Ş, Bramowicz M, Hantehzadeh M, Nezafat NB. The relation between structural, rugometric and fractal characteristics of hard dental tissues at micro and nano levels. Microsc Res Tech 2019; 82:421-428. [PMID: 30575228 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.23183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Revised: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Human tooth exhibits a structure of a mixture of inorganic hydroxyapatite nanocrystals and organic phases. The aim of this study is to investigate different tissues of human canine teeth surface along with the micro structure parameters of each tissue. X-ray diffraction (XRD) is used to study the amorphous or crystalline nature of each tissue with different mineral compositions and crystalline structures where the highest crystalline quality is related to enamel. The surfaces are also examined by energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry. Moreover, crystalline quality factor is carried out to estimate the crystallinity of the tissues. Also, based on the basic Scherrer equation, the Williamson-Hall equation is applied to extend the formula for the XRD. Enamel and cementum tissues of a typical human tooth, which look similar, are composed of a large variety of wide lines with different widths through Raman spectra analysis. In addition, the applied scanning electron microscopy extracts similar morphology for all tissues with round granular structures which are denser in the cementum. Atomic force microscopy is finally used for investigation of micro-morphologies of the different tissues and the results are compared with the fractal analysis which ends to the bifractal and anisotropic nature of enamel and cementum along with monofractal and isotropic nature of dentin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahram Solaymani
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Sciences, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahmood Ghoranneviss
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Sciences, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Mohammad Elahi
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Sciences, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azizollah Shafiekhani
- Physics Department, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran
- School of Physics, Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Slawomir Kulesza
- Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Ştefan Ţălu
- The Directorate of Research, Development and Innovation Management (DMCDI), Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Miroslaw Bramowicz
- Faculty of Technical Sciences, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Mohammadreza Hantehzadeh
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Sciences, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Negin Beryani Nezafat
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Sciences, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
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11
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Wear and damage at the bonded interface between tooth enamel and resin composite. J Dent 2019; 83:40-49. [PMID: 30797040 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2019.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the wear mechanisms and evolution of damage in tooth enamel-resin composite bonded interfaces caused by sliding contact, and to develop an understanding of interface degradation from a tribological viewpoint that supports clinical recommendations for improving interface integrity. METHODS Reciprocating wear tests were performed on bonded interface samples involving commercial resin composite (Tetric N Ceram Bulk Fill), resin cement (Rely X U200) and tooth enamel using the ball-on-flat configuration. The bonded samples were subjected up to 5 × 104 cycles of sliding contact, and the wear depth and wear track morphology were characterized after increments using white light interferometry and scanning electron microscopy, respectively. Optical microscopy was also used to evaluate cracks and their propagation in the samples. RESULTS In the early stages of sliding contact, wear evolved most rapidly at the interface, followed by the enamel and the resin composite. Gradually, the difference between the wear depth at the interface and other areas decreased. Furthermore, cracks and brittle fracture appeared in the enamel during the early stages of wear, adjacent to the interface. With continuing cyclic loading, enamel wear manifested primarily as ploughs, with discontinuous pits and peeled material. Cracking decreased to only a few cracks extending to the inner enamel and parallel to the interface. CONCLUSIONS Cracking and damage occurred in the enamel during the early stages of sliding contact and accelerated by poor margin finishing. Cracks caused by wear under sliding contact could be one of the reasons for secondary caries and tooth discoloration.
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Xia J, Zhou Z, Qian L, Ungar PS. Comment on van Casteren et al. (2018): softer metallic spheres do abrade harder enamel. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2018; 5:181376. [PMID: 30564421 PMCID: PMC6281914 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.181376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xia
- Tribology Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongrong Zhou
- Tribology Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, People's Republic of China
| | - Linmao Qian
- Tribology Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, People's Republic of China
| | - Peter S. Ungar
- Department of Anthropology, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
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Kruzic JJ, Arsecularatne JA, Tanaka CB, Hoffman MJ, Cesar PF. Recent advances in understanding the fatigue and wear behavior of dental composites and ceramics. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2018; 88:504-533. [PMID: 30223214 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2018.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Revised: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Dental composite and ceramic restorative materials are designed to closely mimic the aesthetics and function of natural tooth tissue, and their longevity in the oral environment depends to a large degree on their fatigue and wear properties. The purpose of this review is to highlight some recent advances in our understanding of fatigue and wear mechanisms, and how they contribute to restoration failures in the complex oral environment. Overall, fatigue and wear processes are found to be closely related, with wear of dental ceramic occlusal surfaces providing initiation sites for fatigue failures, and subsurface fatigue crack propagation driving key wear mechanisms for composites, ceramics, and enamel. Furthermore, both fatigue and wear of composite restorations may be important in enabling secondary caries formation, which is the leading cause of composite restoration failures. Overall, developing a mechanistic description of fatigue, wear, and secondary caries formation, along with understanding the interconnectivity of all three processes, are together seen as essential keys to successfully using in vitro studies to predict in vivo outcomes and develop improved dental restorative materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie J Kruzic
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
| | | | - Carina B Tanaka
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Mark J Hoffman
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; School of Materials Science and Engineering, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Paulo F Cesar
- Department of Biomaterials and Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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15
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Guo J, Li D, Wang H, Yang Y, Wang L, Guan D, Qiu Y, He L, Zhang S. Effect of contact stress on the cycle-dependent wear behavior of ceramic restoration. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2017; 68:16-25. [PMID: 28135638 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2017.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2016] [Revised: 01/14/2017] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
AIM Ceramic restoration experiences the non-linear wear process during the chewing simulation, which contains running-in, steady and severe wear stages. However since various levels of contact stress may be applied on the occlusal surface during chewing, the cycle-dependent wear behaviors of ceramic crowns may differ. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of contact stress on the development of wear behavior, as tested in a chewing simulator. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty-six anatomical metal-ceramic crowns using Ceramco III as the veneering porcelain were randomly assigned to two groups based on the contact stress applied in the wear testing. Stainless steel balls served as antagonists. The specimens were dynamically loaded in a chewing simulator up to 2.4×106 loading cycles, with additional thermal cycling between 5 and 55℃. For each group, several checkpoints were employed to measure the substance loss of the crowns' occlusal surfaces and to evaluate the microstructure of the worn areas. RESULTS After 2.4×106 cycles, the ceramic restorations with lower contact stress demonstrated a long steady wear stage following the running-in, but without the severe wear stage. And a slowly microstructural degradation was observed that the subsurface defect could not be seen until final. With higher contact stress, however, the ceramic restorations experienced a faster transition from running-in to severe wear stage that the steady wear stage nearly disappeared. And an early formation of subsurface defects and the deterioration of microstructure were observed. CONCLUSIONS Contact stress is a key factor affecting the wear development of ceramic restoration. The higher contact stress promotes the veneering porcelain to evolve into severe wear stage. In contrast, lower contact stress is prone to keep the veneering porcelain operating in steady wear stage, which delays the arrival of severe wear region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawen Guo
- Department of Stomatology, Lanzhou General Hospital, Lanzhou Command of PLA, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Ding Li
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Haijing Wang
- Oral Biosciences, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Prince Philip Dental Hospital, 34 Hospital Road, Sai Ying Pun, Hong Kong
| | - Yanwei Yang
- Department of Stomatology, Lanzhou General Hospital, Lanzhou Command of PLA, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Liying Wang
- Department of Stomatology, Lanzhou General Hospital, Lanzhou Command of PLA, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Delin Guan
- Department of Stomatology, Lanzhou General Hospital, Lanzhou Command of PLA, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Yinong Qiu
- Department of Stomatology, Lanzhou General Hospital, Lanzhou Command of PLA, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Lin He
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.
| | - Shaofeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.
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Freddo RA, Kapczinski MP, Kinast EJ, de Souza Junior OB, Rivaldo EG, da Fontoura Frasca LC. Wear Potential of Dental Ceramics and its Relationship with Microhardness and Coefficient of Friction. J Prosthodont 2016; 25:557-562. [PMID: 26288177 DOI: 10.1111/jopr.12330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate, by means of pin-on-disk testing, the wear potential of different dental ceramic systems as it relates to friction parameters, surface finish, and microhardness. MATERIALS AND METHODS Three groups of different ceramic systems (Noritake EX3, Eris, Empress II) with 20 disks each (10 glazed, 10 polished) were used. Vickers microhardness (Hv) was determined with a 200-g load for 30 seconds. Friction coefficients (μ) were determined by pin-on-disk testing (5 N load, 600 seconds, and 120 rpm). Wear patterns were assessed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey's test, with the significance level set at α = 0.05. RESULTS The coefficients of friction were as follows: Noritake EX3 0.28 ± 0.12 (polished), 0.33 ± 0.08 (glazed); Empress II 0.38 ± 0.08 (polished), 0.45 ± 0.05 (glazed); Eris 0.49 ± 0.05 (polished), 0.49 ± 0.06 (glazed). Microhardness measurements were as follows: Noritake EX3 530.7 ± 8.7 (polished), 525.9 ± 6.2 (glazed); Empress II 534.1 ± 8 (polished), 534.7 ± 4.5 (glazed); Eris, 511.7 ± 6.5 (polished), 519.5 ± 4.1 (glazed). The polished and glazed Noritake EX3 and polished and glazed Eris specimens showed statistically different friction coefficients. SEM image analysis revealed more surface changes, such as small cracks and grains peeling off, in glazed ceramics. CONCLUSIONS Wear potential may be related to the coefficient of friction in Noritake ceramics, which had a lower coefficient than Eris ceramics. Within-group analysis showed no differences in polished or glazed specimens. The differences observed were not associated with microhardness.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Myriam Pereira Kapczinski
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFGRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil.
| | - Eder Julio Kinast
- Exact Sciences and Engineering, Universidade Estadual do Rio Grande do Sul (UERGS), Novo Hamburgo, Brazil
| | - Oswaldo Baptista de Souza Junior
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFGRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Elken Gomes Rivaldo
- School of Dentistry, Universidade Luterana do Brasil (ULBRA), Canoas, Brazil
| | - Luis Carlos da Fontoura Frasca
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFGRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
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17
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Zheng J, Zeng Y, Wen J, Zheng L, Zhou Z. Impact wear behavior of human tooth enamel under simulated chewing conditions. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2016; 62:119-127. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2016.04.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Revised: 03/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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18
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Arsecularatne J, Chung N, Hoffman M. An in vitro study of the wear behaviour of dental composites. BIOSURFACE AND BIOTRIBOLOGY 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bsbt.2016.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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19
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Tribological behaviour of unveneered and veneered lithium disilicate dental material. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2016; 53:226-238. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2015.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2015] [Revised: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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20
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Peng Z, Izzat Abdul Rahman M, Zhang Y, Yin L. Wear behavior of pressable lithium disilicate glass ceramic. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2015; 104:968-78. [PMID: 25980530 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.33447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2014] [Revised: 04/10/2015] [Accepted: 04/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
This article reports effects of surface preparation and contact loads on abrasive wear properties of highly aesthetic and high-strength pressable lithium disilicate glass-ceramics (LDGC). Abrasive wear testing was performed using a pin-on-disk device in which LDGC disks prepared with different surface finishes were against alumina pins at different contact loads. Coefficients of friction and wear volumes were measured as functions of initial surface finishes and contact loads. Wear-induced surface morphology changes in both LDGC disks and alumina pins were characterized using three-dimensional laser scanning microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The results show that initial surface finishes of LDGC specimens and contact loads significantly affected the friction coefficients, wear volumes and wear-induced surface roughness changes of the material. Both wear volumes and friction coefficients of LDGC increased as the load increased while surface roughness effects were complicated. For rough LDGC surfaces, three-body wear was dominant while for fine LDGC surfaces, two-body abrasive wear played a key role. Delamination, plastic deformation, and brittle fracture were observed on worn LDGC surfaces. The adhesion of LDGC matrix materials to alumina pins was also discovered. This research has advanced our understanding of the abrasive wear behavior of LDGC and will provide guidelines for better utilization and preparation of the material for long-term success in dental restorations. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 104B: 968-978, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongxiao Peng
- School of Mechanical & Manufacturing Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Muhammad Izzat Abdul Rahman
- School of Mechanical & Manufacturing Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Biomaterials and Biomimetics, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, New York, 10010, USA
| | - Ling Yin
- Matter and Materials, College of Science, Technology & Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, 4811, Australia
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Gordon LM, Joester D. Mapping residual organics and carbonate at grain boundaries and the amorphous interphase in mouse incisor enamel. Front Physiol 2015; 6:57. [PMID: 25852562 PMCID: PMC4365691 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2015.00057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2014] [Accepted: 02/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Dental enamel has evolved to resist the most grueling conditions of mechanical stress, fatigue, and wear. Adding insult to injury, it is exposed to the frequently corrosive environment of the oral cavity. While its hierarchical structure is unrivaled in its mechanical resilience, heterogeneity in the distribution of magnesium ions and the presence of Mg-substituted amorphous calcium phosphate (Mg-ACP) as an intergranular phase have recently been shown to increase the susceptibility of mouse enamel to acid attack. Herein we investigate the distribution of two important constituents of enamel, residual organic matter and inorganic carbonate. We find that organics, carbonate, and possibly water show distinct distribution patterns in the mouse enamel crystallites, at simple grain boundaries, and in the amorphous interphase at multiple grain boundaries. This has implications for the resistance to acid corrosion, mechanical properties, and the mechanism by which enamel crystals grow during amelogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lyle M Gordon
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Derk Joester
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University Evanston, IL, USA
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22
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An in vitro study of the wear mechanism of a leucite glass dental ceramic. BIOSURFACE AND BIOTRIBOLOGY 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bsbt.2015.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Wu YQ, Arsecularatne JA, Hoffman M. Effect of acidity upon attrition-corrosion of human dental enamel. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2014; 44:23-34. [PMID: 25594367 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2014.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Revised: 12/10/2014] [Accepted: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Attrition-corrosion is a synthesized human enamel wear process combined mechanical effects (attrition) with corrosion. With the rising consumption of acidic food and beverages, attrition-corrosion is becoming increasingly common. Yet, research is limited and the underlying mechanism remains unclear. In this study, in vitro wear loss of human enamel was investigated and the attrition-corrosion process and wear mechanism were elucidated by the analysis of the wear scar and its subsurface using focused ion beam (FIB) sectioning and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Human enamel flat-surface samples were prepared with enamel cusps as the wear antagonists. Reciprocating wear testing was undertaken under load of 5N at the speed of 66 cycle/min for 2250 cycles with lubricants including citric acid (at pH 3.2 and 5.5), acetic acid (at pH 3.2 and 5.5) and distilled water. All lubricants were used at 37°C. Similar human enamel flat-surface samples were also exposed to the same solutions as a control group. The substance loss of enamel during wear can be linked to the corrosion potential of a lubricant used. Using a lubricant with very low corrosion potential (such as distilled water), the wear mechanism was dominated by delamination with high wear loss. Conversely, the wear mechanism changed to shaving of the softened layer with less material loss in an environment with medium corrosion potential such as citric acid at pH 3.2 and 5.5 and acetic acid at pH 5.5. However, a highly corrosive environment (e.g., acetic acid at pH 3.2) caused the greatest loss of substance during wear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Qi Wu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, UNSW Australia, Sydney 2052, Australia.
| | | | - Mark Hoffman
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, UNSW Australia, Sydney 2052, Australia.
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