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Cao C, Zhao J, Chao L, Li G, Huang D. Micro-mechanism study on tissue removal behavior under medical waterjet impact using coupled SPH-FEM. Med Biol Eng Comput 2023; 61:721-737. [PMID: 36595154 DOI: 10.1007/s11517-022-02732-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
To fully grasp the numerical characteristics of the interaction process between medical waterjet and soft tissue, the smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH)-finite element method (FEM) was used in the simulation of this complex process to avoid the unstable error caused by indirect measurement in experiments. The SPH was applied to the numerical simulation of medical waterjet, and a three-dimensional model of gelatin sample was proposed with the FEM. The impact process between two extremely deformed materials was reproduced, and the established model was verified by comparison with experimental data; the comparison showed relatively consistent results. The separation effect under three operating modes was deduced with the stress and strain range. For the vertical impact condition, the higher the waterjet impact pressure is, the higher the biological tissue deformation bulge height is. For oblique intrusion, the longitudinal separation rate decreases and the kerf width increases with the increase of the incident angle. For the moving impact condition, with the increase of the waterjet moving speed, the longitudinal high-stress distribution range of the impact object decreases slightly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Cao
- School of Mechatronic Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, 221116, China. .,School of Safety Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, 221116, China.
| | - Jiyun Zhao
- School of Mechatronic Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, 221116, China. .,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Mine Mechanical and Electrical Equipment, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, 221116, China.
| | - Liuyin Chao
- Xuzhou Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221000, China
| | - Guilin Li
- Xuzhou Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221000, China
| | - Di Huang
- School of Mechatronic Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, 221116, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Mine Mechanical and Electrical Equipment, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, 221116, China
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2
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Kumar R, Parashar A. Atomistic simulations of pristine and nanoparticle reinforced hydrogels: A review. WIRES COMPUTATIONAL MOLECULAR SCIENCE 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/wcms.1655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Raju Kumar
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee Uttarakhand India
| | - Avinash Parashar
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee Uttarakhand India
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3
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Bandaru P, Cefaloni G, Vajhadin F, Lee K, Kim HJ, Cho HJ, Hartel MC, Zhang S, Sun W, Goudie MJ, Ahadian S, Dokmeci MR, Lee J, Khademhosseini A. Mechanical Cues Regulating Proangiogenic Potential of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells through YAP-Mediated Mechanosensing. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2020; 16:e2001837. [PMID: 32419312 PMCID: PMC7523466 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202001837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Stem cells secrete trophic factors that induce angiogenesis. These soluble factors are promising candidates for stem cell-based therapies, especially for cardiovascular diseases. Mechanical stimuli and biophysical factors presented in the stem cell microenvironment play important roles in guiding their behaviors. However, the complex interplay and precise role of these cues in directing pro-angiogenic signaling remain unclear. Here, a platform is designed using gelatin methacryloyl hydrogels with tunable rigidity and a dynamic mechanical compression bioreactor to evaluate the influence of matrix rigidity and mechanical stimuli on the secretion of pro-angiogenic factors from human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). Cells cultured in matrices mimicking mechanical elasticity of bone tissues in vivo show elevated secretion of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), one of representative signaling proteins promoting angiogenesis, as well as increased vascularization of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) with a supplement of conditioned media from hMSCs cultured across different conditions. When hMSCs are cultured in matrices stimulated with a range of cyclic compressions, increased VEGF secretion is observed with increasing mechanical strains, which is also in line with the enhanced tubulogenesis of HUVECs. Moreover, it is demonstrated that matrix stiffness and cyclic compression modulate secretion of pro-angiogenic molecules from hMSCs through yes-associated protein activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Praveen Bandaru
- Department of Bioengineering, Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Giorgia Cefaloni
- Department of Bioengineering, Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Fereshteh Vajhadin
- Department of Bioengineering, Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Yazd University, Yazd, 89195-741, Iran
| | - KangJu Lee
- Department of Bioengineering, Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Han-Jun Kim
- Department of Bioengineering, Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Hyun-Jong Cho
- Department of Bioengineering, Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Martin C Hartel
- Department of Bioengineering, Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Shiming Zhang
- Department of Bioengineering, Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Wujin Sun
- Department of Bioengineering, Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Marcus J Goudie
- Department of Bioengineering, Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Samad Ahadian
- Department of Bioengineering, Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Los Angeles, CA, 90064, USA
| | - Mehmet Remzi Dokmeci
- Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Los Angeles, CA, 90064, USA
- Department of Radiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Junmin Lee
- Department of Bioengineering, Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Ali Khademhosseini
- Department of Bioengineering, Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Los Angeles, CA, 90064, USA
- Department of Radiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
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Luo K, Wangari C, Subhash G, Spearot DE. Effect of Loop Defects on the High Strain Rate Behavior of PEGDA Hydrogels: A Molecular Dynamics Study. J Phys Chem B 2020; 124:2029-2039. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.9b11378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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5
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Luo K, Upadhyay K, Subhash G, Spearot DE. Transient-State Rheological Behavior of Poly(ethylene glycol) Diacrylate Hydrogels at High Shear Strain Rates. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b00820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Luo K, Yudewitz N, Subhash G, Spearot DE. Effect of water concentration on the shock response of polyethylene glycol diacrylate (PEGDA) hydrogels: A molecular dynamics study. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2019; 90:30-39. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2018.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Revised: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Seo J, Shin JY, Leijten J, Jeon O, Bal Öztürk A, Rouwkema J, Li Y, Shin SR, Hajiali H, Alsberg E, Khademhosseini A. Interconnectable Dynamic Compression Bioreactors for Combinatorial Screening of Cell Mechanobiology in Three Dimensions. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018. [PMID: 29542324 PMCID: PMC6939619 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b17991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Biophysical cues can potently direct a cell's or tissue's behavior. Cells interpret their biophysical surroundings, such as matrix stiffness or dynamic mechanical stimulation, through mechanotransduction. However, our understanding of the various aspects of mechanotransduction has been limited by the lack of proper analysis platforms capable of screening three-dimensional (3D) cellular behaviors in response to biophysical cues. Here, we developed a dynamic compression bioreactor to study the combinational effects of biomaterial composition and dynamic mechanical compression on cellular behavior in 3D hydrogels. The bioreactor contained multiple actuating posts that could apply cyclic compressive strains ranging from 0 to 42% to arrays of cell-encapsulated hydrogels. The bioreactor could be interconnected with other compressive bioreactors, which enabled the combinatorial screenings of 3D cellular behaviors simultaneously. As an application of the screening platform, cell spreading, and osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) were characterized in 3D gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) hydrogels. Increasing hydrogel concentration from 5 to 10% restricted the cell spreading, however, dynamic compressive strain increased cell spreading. Osteogenic differentiation of hMSCs was also affected by dynamic compressive strains. hMSCs in 5% GelMA hydrogel were more sensitive to strains, and the 42% strain group showed a significant increase in osteogenic differentiation compared to other groups. The interconnectable dynamic compression bioreactor provides an efficient way to study the interactions of cells and their physical microenvironments in three dimensions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jungmok Seo
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital , Harvard Medical School , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , 77 Massachusetts Avenue , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
- Center for Biomaterials, Biomedical Research Institute , Korea Institute of Science and Technology , 14 Hwarang-ro , Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792 , Republic of Korea
| | | | - Jeroen Leijten
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital , Harvard Medical School , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , 77 Massachusetts Avenue , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
| | | | - Ayça Bal Öztürk
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital , Harvard Medical School , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , 77 Massachusetts Avenue , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
| | | | - Yuancheng Li
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital , Harvard Medical School , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , 77 Massachusetts Avenue , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
| | - Su Ryon Shin
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital , Harvard Medical School , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , 77 Massachusetts Avenue , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
| | - Hadi Hajiali
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital , Harvard Medical School , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , 77 Massachusetts Avenue , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
| | | | - Ali Khademhosseini
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital , Harvard Medical School , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , 77 Massachusetts Avenue , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
- Department of Bioengineering, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Sciences , University of California-Los Angeles , Los Angeles , California 90095 , United States
- Department of Bioindustrial Technologies, College of Animal Bioscience and Technology , Konkuk University , Hwayang-dong , Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 143-701 , Republic of Korea
- Center of Nanotechnology, Department of Physics , King Abdulaziz University , Jeddah 21569 , Saudi Arabia
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BODO MICHÈLE, BRACQ ANTHONY, DELILLE REMI, MARECHAL CHRISTOPHE, ROTH SÉBASTIEN. THORAX INJURY CRITERIA ASSESSMENT THROUGH NON-LETHAL IMPACT USING AN ENHANCED BIOMECHANICAL MODEL. J MECH MED BIOL 2017. [DOI: 10.1142/s0219519417400279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Ballistic injury refers to the interaction of a projectile and the human body, resulting in penetration or blunt trauma. In order to consider both consequences, a hydrodynamic elastoplastic constitutive law was implemented in a numerical FE model of the human torso to simulate soft tissues behavior and to evaluate their injury risk. This law, derived from 20% ballistic gelatin, was proven to be very efficient and biofidelic for penetrating ballistic simulation in soft tissues at very high velocity. In this study, the ability of the hydrodynamic law to simulate blunt ballistic trauma is evaluated by the replication of Bir et al.’s (2004) experiments, which is a reference test of the literature for nonpenetrating ballistic impact. Lung injury criteria were also investigated through the Bir et al.’s experiments numerical replication. Human responses were evaluated in terms of mechanical parameters, which can be global (acceleration of the body, viscous criteria and impact force) or local (stress, pressure and displacement). Output results were found to be in experimental corridors developed by Bir et al., and the maximum pressure combined with the duration of the peak of pressure in the lungs seems to be a good predictor for lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- MICHÈLE BODO
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Carnot de Bourgogne, University Bourgogne Franche-Comté, UTBM, UMR CNRS 6303/Univ. Bourgogne Franche Comté (UBFC), F-90010 Belfort, France
| | - ANTHONY BRACQ
- University of Valenciennes, LAMIH UMR CNRS/UVHC 8201, F-59313 Valenciennes, France
| | - REMI DELILLE
- University of Valenciennes, LAMIH UMR CNRS/UVHC 8201, F-59313 Valenciennes, France
| | - CHRISTOPHE MARECHAL
- University of Valenciennes, LAMIH UMR CNRS/UVHC 8201, F-59313 Valenciennes, France
| | - SÉBASTIEN ROTH
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Carnot de Bourgogne, University Bourgogne Franche-Comté, UTBM, UMR CNRS 6303/Univ. Bourgogne Franche Comté (UBFC), F-90010 Belfort, France
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9
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Appleby-Thomas GJ, Fitzmaurice B, Hameed A, Painter J, Gibson M, Wood DC, Hazael R, Hazell PJ. On differences in the equation-of-state for a selection of seven representative mammalian tissue analogue materials. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2017; 77:586-593. [PMID: 29096124 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2017.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Revised: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Tissue analogues employed for ballistic purposes are often monolithic in nature, e.g. ballistic gelatin and soap, etc. However, such constructs are not representative of real-world biological systems. Further, ethical considerations limit the ability to test with real-world tissues. This means that availability and understanding of accurate tissue simulants is of key importance. Here, the shock response of a wide range of ballistic simulants (ranging from dermal (protective/bulk) through to skeletal simulant materials) determined via plate-impact experiments are discussed, with a particular focus on the classification of the behaviour of differing simulants into groups that exhibit a similar response under high strain-rate loading. Resultant Hugoniot equation-of-state data (Us-up; P-v) provides appropriate feedstock materials data for future hydrocode simulations of ballistic impact events.
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Affiliation(s)
- G J Appleby-Thomas
- Centre for Defence Engineering, Cranfield Defence and Security, Cranfield University, Shrivenham, Swindon SN6 8LA, UK.
| | - B Fitzmaurice
- Centre for Defence Engineering, Cranfield Defence and Security, Cranfield University, Shrivenham, Swindon SN6 8LA, UK
| | - A Hameed
- Centre for Defence Engineering, Cranfield Defence and Security, Cranfield University, Shrivenham, Swindon SN6 8LA, UK
| | - J Painter
- Centre for Defence Engineering, Cranfield Defence and Security, Cranfield University, Shrivenham, Swindon SN6 8LA, UK
| | - M Gibson
- Centre for Defence Engineering, Cranfield Defence and Security, Cranfield University, Shrivenham, Swindon SN6 8LA, UK
| | - D C Wood
- Centre for Defence Engineering, Cranfield Defence and Security, Cranfield University, Shrivenham, Swindon SN6 8LA, UK
| | - R Hazael
- Centre for Defence Engineering, Cranfield Defence and Security, Cranfield University, Shrivenham, Swindon SN6 8LA, UK
| | - P J Hazell
- School of Engineering and Information Technology, The University of New South Wales, Canberra, ACT 2600, Australia
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10
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Falland-Cheung L, Scholze M, Hammer N, Waddell JN, Tong DC, Brunton PA. Elastic behavior of brain simulants in comparison to porcine brain at different loading velocities. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2017; 77:609-615. [PMID: 29100203 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2017.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Revised: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Blunt force impacts to the head and the resulting internal force transmission to the brain and other cranial tissue are difficult to measure. To model blunt force impact scenarios, the compressive properties resembling tissue elasticity are of importance. Therefore, this study investigated and compared the elastic behavior of gelatin, alginate, agar/glycerol and agar/glycerol/water simulant materials to that of porcine brain in a fresh and unfixed condition. Specimens, 10 × 10 × 10mm3, were fabricated and tested at 22°C, apart from gelatin which was conditioned to 4°C prior to testing. For comparison, fresh porcine brains were sourced and prepared to the same dimensions as the simulants. Specimens underwent compression tests at crosshead displacement rates of 2.5, 10 and 16mms-1 (equivalent to strain rates of 0.25, 1 and 1.6s-1), obtaining apparent elastic moduli values at different strain rate intervals (0-0.2, 0.2-0.4 and 0.4-0.5). The results of this study indicate that overall all simulant materials had an apparent elastic moduli similar in magnitude across all strain ranges compared to brain, even though comparatively higher, especially the apparent elastic moduli values of alginate. In conclusion, while agar/glycerol/water and agar/glycerol had similar apparent elastic moduli in magnitude and the closest apparent elastic moduli in the initial strain range (E1), gelatin showed the most similar values to fresh porcine brain at the transitional (E2) and higher strain range (E3). The simulant materials and the fresh porcine brain exhibited strain rate dependent behavior, with increasing elastic moduli upon increasing loading velocities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Falland-Cheung
- Sir John Walsh Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, PO Box 647, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand.
| | - Mario Scholze
- Department of Anatomy, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | - Niels Hammer
- Department of Anatomy, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | - J Neil Waddell
- Sir John Walsh Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, PO Box 647, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | - Darryl C Tong
- Sir John Walsh Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, PO Box 647, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | - Paul A Brunton
- Sir John Walsh Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, PO Box 647, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
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Falland-Cheung L, Waddell JN, Lazarjan MS, Jermy MC, Winter T, Tong D, Brunton PA. Use of agar/glycerol and agar/glycerol/water as a translucent brain simulant for ballistic testing. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2016; 65:665-671. [PMID: 27741497 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2016.09.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Revised: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The suitability of agar/glycerol/water and agar/glycerol mixtures as brain simulants was investigated. Test specimens (n=15) (50x27×37mm) were fabricated for these different mixtures and conditioned to 12°C, 22°C, and 26°C prior to testing. For comparison, fresh deer brain specimens (n=20) were sourced and prepared to the same dimensions as the agar/glycerol(/water) mixtures and conditioned to 12°C and 37°C. High impact tests were carried out with a 0.22-caliber air rifle pellet and a high-speed camera was used to record the projectile as it passed through the specimens, allowing for energy loss and vertical displacement velocity calculation. Although the agar/glycerol/water mixture presented with similar vertical expansion and contraction of the specimens to the warm and cold deer brains, a two-fold decrease of the vertical expansion and contraction was noticed with the agar/glycerol specimens. Also considerably less extrusion of this mixture out of the exit and entry sides after specimen penetration was observed. Of the simulants tested, agar/glycerol/water was the most suitable brain simulant for ballistic testing and impact studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Falland-Cheung
- Sir John Walsh Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, PO Box 647, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand.
| | - J Neil Waddell
- Sir John Walsh Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, PO Box 647, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | - Milad Soltanipour Lazarjan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch 8041, New Zealand
| | - Mark C Jermy
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch 8041, New Zealand
| | - Taylor Winter
- Sir John Walsh Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, PO Box 647, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | - Darryl Tong
- Sir John Walsh Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, PO Box 647, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | - Paul A Brunton
- Sir John Walsh Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, PO Box 647, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
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12
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Fontenier B, Hault-Dubrulle A, Drazetic P, Fontaine C, Naceur H. On the mechanical characterization and modeling of polymer gel brain substitute under dynamic rotational loading. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2016; 63:44-55. [PMID: 27341290 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2016.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2016] [Revised: 06/03/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The use of highly sensitive soft materials has become increasingly apparent in the last few years in numerous industrial fields, due to their viscous and damping nature. Unfortunately these materials remain difficult to characterize using conventional techniques, mainly because of the very low internal forces supported by these materials especially under high strain-rates of deformation. The aim of this work is to investigate the dynamic response of a polymer gel brain analog material under specific rotational-impact experiments. The selected polymer gel commercially known as Sylgard 527 has been studied using a specific procedure for its experimental characterization and numerical modeling. At first an indentation experiment was conducted at several loading rates to study the strain rate sensitivity of the Sylgard 527 gel. During the unloading several relaxation tests were performed after indentation, to assess the viscous behavior of the material. A specific numerical procedure based on moving least square approximation and response surface method was then performed to determine adequate robust material parameters of the Sylgard 527 gel. A sensitivity analysis was assessed to confirm the robustness of the obtained material parameters. For the validation of the obtained material model, a second experiment was conducted using a dynamic rotational loading apparatus. It consists of a metallic cylindrical cup filled with the polymer gel and subjected to an eccentric transient rotational impact. Complete kinematics of the cup and the large strains induced in the Sylgard 527 gel, have been recorded at several patterns by means of optical measurement. The whole apparatus was modeled by the Finite Element Method using explicit dynamic time integration available within Ls-dyna(®) software. Comparison between the physical and the numerical models of the Sylgard 527 gel behavior under rotational choc shows excellent agreements.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Fontenier
- Laboratory LAMIH UMR 8201 CNRS, University of Valenciennes, 59313 Valenciennes, France.
| | - A Hault-Dubrulle
- Laboratory LAMIH UMR 8201 CNRS, University of Valenciennes, 59313 Valenciennes, France
| | - P Drazetic
- Laboratory LAMIH UMR 8201 CNRS, University of Valenciennes, 59313 Valenciennes, France
| | - C Fontaine
- Laboratory of Anatomy, University of Lille 2, 59000 Lille, France
| | - H Naceur
- Laboratory LAMIH UMR 8201 CNRS, University of Valenciennes, 59313 Valenciennes, France
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