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Meng M, Wang J, Huang H, Liu X, Zhang J, Li Z. 3D printing metal implants in orthopedic surgery: Methods, applications and future prospects. J Orthop Translat 2023; 42:94-112. [PMID: 37675040 PMCID: PMC10480061 DOI: 10.1016/j.jot.2023.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Currently, metal implants are widely used in orthopedic surgeries, including fracture fixation, spinal fusion, joint replacement, and bone tumor defect repair. However, conventional implants are difficult to be customized according to the recipient's skeletal anatomy and defect characteristics, leading to difficulties in meeting the individual needs of patients. Additive manufacturing (AM) or three-dimensional (3D) printing technology, an advanced digital fabrication technique capable of producing components with complex and precise structures, offers opportunities for personalization. Methods We systematically reviewed the literature on 3D printing orthopedic metal implants over the past 10 years. Relevant animal, cellular, and clinical studies were searched in PubMed and Web of Science. In this paper, we introduce the 3D printing method and the characteristics of biometals and summarize the properties of 3D printing metal implants and their clinical applications in orthopedic surgery. On this basis, we discuss potential possibilities for further generalization and improvement. Results 3D printing technology has facilitated the use of metal implants in different orthopedic procedures. By combining medical images from techniques such as CT and MRI, 3D printing technology allows the precise fabrication of complex metal implants based on the anatomy of the injured tissue. Such patient-specific implants not only reduce excessive mechanical strength and eliminate stress-shielding effects, but also improve biocompatibility and functionality, increase cell and nutrient permeability, and promote angiogenesis and bone growth. In addition, 3D printing technology has the advantages of low cost, fast manufacturing cycles, and high reproducibility, which can shorten patients' surgery and hospitalization time. Many clinical trials have been conducted using customized implants. However, the use of modeling software, the operation of printing equipment, the high demand for metal implant materials, and the lack of guidance from relevant laws and regulations have limited its further application. Conclusions There are advantages of 3D printing metal implants in orthopedic applications such as personalization, promotion of osseointegration, short production cycle, and high material utilization. With the continuous learning of modeling software by surgeons, the improvement of 3D printing technology, the development of metal materials that better meet clinical needs, and the improvement of laws and regulations, 3D printing metal implants can be applied to more orthopedic surgeries. The translational potential of this paper Precision, intelligence, and personalization are the future direction of orthopedics. It is reasonable to believe that 3D printing technology will be more deeply integrated with artificial intelligence, 4D printing, and big data to play a greater role in orthopedic metal implants and eventually become an important part of the digital economy. We aim to summarize the latest developments in 3D printing metal implants for engineers and surgeons to design implants that more closely mimic the morphology and function of native bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Meng
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Mechanism for Repair and Remodeling of Orthopedic Diseases, Liaoning Province, PR China
| | - Jinzuo Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Mechanism for Repair and Remodeling of Orthopedic Diseases, Liaoning Province, PR China
| | - Huagui Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Mechanism for Repair and Remodeling of Orthopedic Diseases, Liaoning Province, PR China
| | - Xin Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Mechanism for Repair and Remodeling of Orthopedic Diseases, Liaoning Province, PR China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Mechanism for Repair and Remodeling of Orthopedic Diseases, Liaoning Province, PR China
| | - Zhonghai Li
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Mechanism for Repair and Remodeling of Orthopedic Diseases, Liaoning Province, PR China
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Shajari Y, Abouei V, Abdolshah A. Effects of Annealing Temperature and Aging Treatments on Microstructure, Hardness, and Wear Behavior of Ti–6Al–4V. SURFACE ENGINEERING AND APPLIED ELECTROCHEMISTRY 2021. [DOI: 10.3103/s1068375521050124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Chauhan P, Koul V, Bhatnagar N. Critical Role of Etching Parameters in the Evolution of Nano Micro SLA Surface on the Ti6Al4V Alloy Dental Implants. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14216344. [PMID: 34771869 PMCID: PMC8585160 DOI: 10.3390/ma14216344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The surface of dental implants plays a vital role in early and more predictable osseointegration. SLA (sandblasted large grit and acid-etched) represents the most widely accepted, long-term clinically proven surface. Primarily, dental implants are manufactured by either commercially pure titanium (CP-Ti) or Ti6Al4V ELI alloy. The acid etch behavior of CP-Ti is well known and its effects on the surface microstructure and physicochemical properties have been studied by various researchers in the past. However, there is a lack of studies showing the effect of acid etching parameters on the Ti6Al4V alloy surface. The requirement of the narrow diameter implants necessitates implant manufacturing from alloys due to their high mechanical properties. Hence, it is necessary to have an insight on the behavior of acid etching of the alloy surface as it might be different due to changed compositions and microstructure, which can further influence the osseointegration process. The present research was carried out to study the effect of acid etching parameters on Ti6Al4V ELI alloy surface properties and the optimization of process parameters to produce micro- and nanotopography on the dental implant surface. This study shows that the Ti6Al4V ELI alloy depicts an entirely different surface topography compared to CP-Ti. Moreover, the surface topography of the Ti6Al4V ELI alloy was also different when etching was done at room temperature compared to high temperature, which in turn affected the behavior of the cell on these surfaces. Both microns and nano-level topography were achieved through the optimized parameters of acid etching on Ti6Al4V ELI alloy dental implant surface along with improved roughness, hydrophilicity, and enhanced cytocompatibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj Chauhan
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi 110016, India;
- Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi 110016, India;
| | - Veena Koul
- Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi 110016, India;
| | - Naresh Bhatnagar
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi 110016, India;
- Correspondence:
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Afrouzian A, Avila JD, Bandyopadhyay A. Biotribocorrosion of 3D-Printed silica-coated Ti6Al4V for load-bearing implants. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH 2021; 36:3974-3984. [PMID: 34966214 PMCID: PMC8711032 DOI: 10.1557/s43578-021-00277-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Laser-based 3D Printing was utilized to deposit a silica (SiO2) coating on the surface of Ti6Al4V (Ti64) alloy for implementation onto articulating surfaces of load-bearing implants. The surface laser melting (SLM) technique was implemented in 1, and 2 laser passes (1LP and 2LP) after SiO2 deposition to understand the influence of remelting on the coating's hardness and tribological performance. It was observed that compositional and microstructural features increased the cross-sectional hardness. Wear rate was observed to decrease from 2.9×10-4 in the Ti64 to 5.2 ×10-6, 3.8×10-6, and 2.1×10-7 mm3/Nm for the as-processed or zero laser-pass (0LP), 1LP, and 2LP, respectively. Coated samples displayed a positive shift in open-circuit potential (OCP) during linear wear by displaying a 368, 85, and 613 mV increase compared to Ti64 for 0LP, 1LP, and 2LP, respectively. Our results showed promising tribological performance of SiO2 coated Ti6Al4V for articulating surfaces of load-bearing implants.
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Abstract
Additive manufacturing (AM) as a disruptive technology has received much attention in recent years. In practice, however, much effort is focused on the AM of polymers. It is comparatively more expensive and more challenging to additively manufacture metallic parts due to their high temperature, the cost of producing powders, and capital outlays for metal additive manufacturing equipment. The main technology currently used by numerous companies in the aerospace and biomedical sectors to fabricate metallic parts is powder bed technology, in which either electron or laser beams are used to melt and fuse the powder particles line by line to make a three-dimensional part. Since this technology is new and also sought by manufacturers, many scientific questions have arisen that need to be answered. This manuscript gives an introduction to the technology and common materials and applications. Furthermore, the microstructure and quality of parts made using powder bed technology for several materials that are commonly fabricated using this technology are reviewed and the effects of several process parameters investigated in the literature are examined. New advances in fabricating highly conductive metals such as copper and aluminum are discussed and potential for future improvements is explored.
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Abstract
Selective laser melting (SLM) is emerging as a promising 3D printing method for orthopedic and dental applications. However, SLM-based Ti6Al4V components frequently exhibit high roughness values and partial surface defects. Laser polishing (LP) is a newly developed technology to improve the surface quality of metals. In this research, LP is applied to improve the surface finish of components. The results show that the laser beam can neatly ablate the aggregates of metallic globules and repair cracks and pores on the surface, resulting in a smooth surface with nanocomposites. Overall, the results indicate that using LP optimizes surface morphology to favor fatigue behavior and osteoblastic differentiation. These findings provide foundational data to improve the surface roughness of a laser-polished implant and pave the way for optimized mechanical behavior and biocompatibility via the laser process.
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Bandyopadhyay A, Shivaram A, Isik M, Avila JD, Dernell WS, Bose S. Additively manufactured calcium phosphate reinforced CoCrMo alloy: Bio-tribological and biocompatibility evaluation for load-bearing implants. ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING 2019; 28:312-324. [PMID: 31341790 PMCID: PMC6656377 DOI: 10.1016/j.addma.2019.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Cobalt-chromium-molybdenum (CoCrMo) alloys are widely used in load-bearing implants; specifically, in hip, knee, and spinal applications due to their excellent wear resistance. However, due to in vivo corrosion and mechanically assisted corrosion, metal ion release occurs and accounts for poor biocompatibility. Therefore, a significant interest to find an alternative to CoCrMo alloy exists. In the present work we hypothesize that calcium phosphate (CaP) will behave as a solid lubricant in CoCrMo alloy under tribological testing, thereby minimizing wear and metal ion release concerns associated with CoCrMo alloy. CoCrMo-CaP composite coatings were processed using laser engineered net shaping (LENS™) system. After LENS™ processing, CoCrMo alloy was subjected to laser surface melting (LSM) using the same LENS™ set-up. Samples were investigated for microstructural features, phase identification, and biocompatibility. It was found that LSM treated CoCrMo improved wear resistance by 5 times. CoCrMo-CaP composites displayed the formation of a phosphorus-based tribofilm. In vitro cell-material interactions study showed no cytotoxic effect. Sprague-Dawley rat and rabbit in vivo study displayed increased osteoid formation for CoCrMo-CaP composites, up to 2 wt.% CaP. Our results show that careful surface modification treatments can simultaneously improve wear resistance and in vivo biocompatibility of CoCrMo alloy, which can correlate to a reduction of metal ion release in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Bandyopadhyay
- W. M. Keck Biomedical Materials Research Laboratory, School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering
| | - Anish Shivaram
- W. M. Keck Biomedical Materials Research Laboratory, School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering
| | - Murat Isik
- W. M. Keck Biomedical Materials Research Laboratory, School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering
| | - Jose D. Avila
- W. M. Keck Biomedical Materials Research Laboratory, School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering
| | | | - Susmita Bose
- W. M. Keck Biomedical Materials Research Laboratory, School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering
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Superior Wear Resistance in EBM-Processed TC4 Alloy Compared with SLM and Forged Samples. MATERIALS 2019; 12:ma12050782. [PMID: 30866448 PMCID: PMC6427751 DOI: 10.3390/ma12050782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The wear properties of Ti-6Al-4V alloy have drawn great attention in both aerospace and biomedical fields. The present study examines the wear properties of Ti-6Al-4V alloy as prepared by selective laser melting (SLM), electron beam melting (EBM) and conventional forging processes. The SLM and EBM samples show better wear resistance than the forged sample, which correlates to their higher hardness values and weak delamination tendencies. The EBM sample shows a lower wear rate than the SLM sample because of the formation of multiple horizontal cracks in the SLM sample, which results in heavier delamination. The results suggest that additive manufacturing processes offer significantly wear-resistant Ti-6Al-4V specimens in comparison to their counterparts produced by forging.
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Yilbas B, Ali H, Al-Sharafi A, Al-Qahtani H. Laser processing of Ti6Al4V alloy: wetting state of surface and environmental dust effects. Heliyon 2019; 5:e01211. [PMID: 30839931 PMCID: PMC6365620 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e01211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Revised: 12/22/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Laser processing of Ti6Al4V alloy surface, via repetitive pulses, is realized incorporating the nitrogen assisting gas. The texture characteristics of the surface and wetting state are analyzed. The free energy of the laser treated surface is estimated. The influence of the dust particles on the treated and untreated surfaces is examined. The solution formed due to water condensate on the dust particles is evaluated. The adhesion of the mud dried solution on the treated and untreated surfaces is assessed through determining the tangential force required for the removal of the solution from the surface. The findings demonstrate that the high power laser repetitive pulse heating results in formation of the hieratically distributed micro/nano pillars on the workpiece surface. The wetting state of the processed surface remains hydrophilic because of the large gap size between the micro/nano pillars. The free energy of the laser textured surface is similar to that obtained for the TiN coated surfaces, which is because of the nitride compounds developed during the processing. The dried liquid solution strongly adheres at the surface and the force needed for removing the dried liquid solution is almost four times of the friction force at the surface. The liquid solution gives rise to locally scattered shallow pit sites on as received surface. This phenomenon does not occur for the laser treated surface, which is related to the passive layer developed on the surface.
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A R, Mitun D, Balla VK, Dwaipayan S, D D, Manivasagam G. Surface properties and cytocompatibility of Ti-6Al-4V fabricated using Laser Engineered Net Shaping. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2019; 100:104-116. [PMID: 30948044 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.02.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Revised: 12/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Direct laser deposition (DLD) is one of the rapidly emerging laser-based additive manufacturing (LBAM) process. Laser Engineered Net Shaping (LENS) is one such DLD technique which was employed to fabricate one of the widely used Ti-6Al-4V implant material with enhanced surface-related properties compared to the wrought sample (commercially available). Wear and corrosion behavior of LENS fabricated Ti-6Al-4V (L-Ti64) was characterized using low-frequency reciprocatory wear tester and potentiostat. Sample hardness was determined using Vickers's microhardness test. Adhesion and morphology of Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) on the samples were examined using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and fluorescence microscope whereas the quantification of live cells was determined using MTT (3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-Diphenyltetrazolium Bromide) assay. Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES) was used to determine the concentration of leached-out metal ions during wear test. All the above mentioned surface-related properties were compared to that of wrought Ti-6Al-4V (W-Ti64) to standardize the efficiency of LENS-fabricated materials (L-Ti64) when compared to its wrought counterpart. The results clearly indicated stable passive behavior of L-Ti64, which was evident from the lower corrosion rate and high passive range obtained. L-Ti64 exhibited improved hardness level than W-Ti64 by 8% which enhanced the wear resistance and also prevented the release of wear debris. However, in presence of FBS, coefficient of friction (COF) increased by about 21 and 33% for L-Ti64 and W-Ti64 respectively, which inturn accelerated the wear rate of both the samples. Low cytotoxicity and well spread morphology of human Mesenchymal Stem Cells (hMSC's) affirmed higher level of biocompatibility of both the samples. However, no significant differences in the cellular behaviors were observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Revathi A
- School of Biosciences and Technology (SBST), VIT University, Vellore, TN, India
| | - Das Mitun
- CSIR-Central Glass and Research Institute, Kolkata 700 032, WB, India; School of Mechanical Engineering (SMEC), VIT University, Vellore, TN, India
| | - Vamsi K Balla
- CSIR-Central Glass and Research Institute, Kolkata 700 032, WB, India; School of Mechanical Engineering (SMEC), VIT University, Vellore, TN, India
| | - Sen Dwaipayan
- Centre for Biomaterials, Cellular and Molecular Theranostics (CBCMT), VIT University, Vellore 632 014, TN, India
| | - Devika D
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Thandalam, Chennai 600 077, TN, India
| | - Geetha Manivasagam
- Centre for Biomaterials, Cellular and Molecular Theranostics (CBCMT), VIT University, Vellore 632 014, TN, India.
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Mierzejewska ŻA, Hudák R, Sidun J. Mechanical Properties and Microstructure of DMLS Ti6Al4V Alloy Dedicated to Biomedical Applications. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 12:E176. [PMID: 30621079 PMCID: PMC6337110 DOI: 10.3390/ma12010176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to investigate the microstructure and mechanical properties of samples produced by direct metal laser sintering (DMLS) with varied laser beam speed before and after heat treatment. Optical analysis of as-built samples revealed microstructure built of martensite needles and columnar grains, growing epitaxially towards the built direction. External and internal pores, un-melted or semi-melted powder particles and inclusions in the examined samples were also observed. The strength and Young's modulus of the DMLS samples before heat treatment was higher than for cast and forged samples; however, the elongation at break for vertical and horizontal orientation was lower than required for biomedical implants. After heat treatment, the hardness of the samples decreased, which is associated with the disappearance of boundary effect and martensite decomposition to lamellar mixture of α and β, and the anisotropic behaviour of the material also disappears. Ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and yield strength(YS) also decreased, while elongation increased. Tensile properties were sensitive to the build orientation, which indicates that DMLS generates anisotropy of material as a result of layered production and elongated β prior grains. It was noticed that inappropriate selection of parameters did not allow properties corresponding to the standards to be obtained due to the high porosity and defects of the microstructure caused by insufficient energy density.
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Affiliation(s)
- Żaneta Anna Mierzejewska
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Bialystok University of Technology, ul. Wiejska 45c, 15-351 Białystok, Poland.
| | - Radovan Hudák
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Measurements, Technical University of Košice, ul. Letná 1/9, 04200 Košice, Slovakia.
| | - Jarosław Sidun
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Bialystok University of Technology, ul. Wiejska 45c, 15-351 Białystok, Poland.
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Sliding Contact Wear Damage of EBM built Ti6Al4V: Influence of Process Induced Anisotropic Microstructure. METALS 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/met8020131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Bose S, Robertson SF, Bandyopadhyay A. Surface modification of biomaterials and biomedical devices using additive manufacturing. Acta Biomater 2018; 66:6-22. [PMID: 29109027 PMCID: PMC5785782 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2017.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Revised: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The demand for synthetic biomaterials in medical devices, pharmaceutical products and, tissue replacement applications are growing steadily due to aging population worldwide. The use for patient matched devices is also increasing due to availability and integration of new technologies. Applications of additive manufacturing (AM) or 3D printing (3DP) in biomaterials have also increased significantly over the past decade towards traditional as well as innovative next generation Class I, II and III devices. In this review, we have focused our attention towards the use of AM in surface modified biomaterials to enhance their in vitro and in vivo performances. Specifically, we have discussed the use of AM to deliberately modify the surfaces of different classes of biomaterials with spatial specificity in a single manufacturing process as well as commented on the future outlook towards surface modification using AM. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE It is widely understood that the success of implanted medical devices depends largely on favorable material-tissue interactions. Additive manufacturing has gained traction as a viable and unique approach to engineered biomaterials, for both bulk and surface properties that improve implant outcomes. This review explores how additive manufacturing techniques have been and can be used to augment the surfaces of biomedical devices for direct clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susmita Bose
- W. M. Keck Biomedical Materials Research Lab, School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, United States.
| | - Samuel Ford Robertson
- W. M. Keck Biomedical Materials Research Lab, School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, United States
| | - Amit Bandyopadhyay
- W. M. Keck Biomedical Materials Research Lab, School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, United States
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Samanta A, Bhattacharya M, Ratha I, Chakraborty H, Datta S, Ghosh J, Bysakh S, Sreemany M, Rane R, Joseph A, Mukherjee S, Kundu B, Das M, Mukhopadhyay AK. Nano- and micro-tribological behaviours of plasma nitrided Ti6Al4V alloys. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2017; 77:267-294. [PMID: 28957702 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2017.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Revised: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Plasma nitriding of the Ti-6Al-4V alloy (TA) sample was carried out in a plasma reactor with a hot wall vacuum chamber. For ease of comparison these plasma nitrided samples were termed as TAPN. The TA and TAPN samples were characterized by XRD, Optical microscopy, FESEM, TEM, EDX, AFM, nanoindentation, micro scratch, nanotribology, sliding wear resistance evaluation and in vitro cytotoxicity evaluation techniques. The experimental results confirmed that the nanohardness, Young's modulus, micro scratch wear resistance, nanowear resistance, sliding wear resistance of the TAPN samples were much better than those of the TA samples. Further, when the data are normalized with respect to those of the TA alloy, the TAPN sample showed cell viability about 11% higher than that of the TA alloy used in the present work. This happened due to the formation of a surface hardened embedded nitrided metallic alloy layer zone (ENMALZ) having a finer microstructure characterized by presence of hard ceramic Ti2N, TiN etc. phases in the TAPN samples, which could find enhanced application as a bioimplant material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aniruddha Samanta
- Advanced Mechanical and Materials Characterization Division, Central Glass and Ceramic Research Institute, 196, Raja S C Mullik Road, Kolkata 700032, India.
| | - Manjima Bhattacharya
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Kolkata, India.
| | - Itishree Ratha
- Bioceramics and Coating Division, CSIR-Central Glass & Ceramic Research Institute, 196 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, India.
| | - Himel Chakraborty
- Advanced Mechanical and Materials Characterization Division, Central Glass and Ceramic Research Institute, 196, Raja S C Mullik Road, Kolkata 700032, India; National Institute for Locomotor Disabilities, Kolkata, India.
| | - Susmit Datta
- Bioceramics and Coating Division, CSIR-Central Glass & Ceramic Research Institute, 196 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, India.
| | - Jiten Ghosh
- Advanced Mechanical and Materials Characterization Division, Central Glass and Ceramic Research Institute, 196, Raja S C Mullik Road, Kolkata 700032, India.
| | - Sandip Bysakh
- Advanced Material Characterization Unit, Central Glass and Ceramic Research Institute, 196, Raja S C Mullik Road, Kolkata 700032, India.
| | - Monjoy Sreemany
- Advanced Mechanical and Materials Characterization Division, Central Glass and Ceramic Research Institute, 196, Raja S C Mullik Road, Kolkata 700032, India.
| | - Ramkrishna Rane
- Facilitation Centre for Industrial Plasma Technologies, Institute for Plasma Research, Gandhinagar 382428, India.
| | - Alphonsa Joseph
- Facilitation Centre for Industrial Plasma Technologies, Institute for Plasma Research, Gandhinagar 382428, India.
| | - Subroto Mukherjee
- Facilitation Centre for Industrial Plasma Technologies, Institute for Plasma Research, Gandhinagar 382428, India.
| | - Biswanath Kundu
- Bioceramics and Coating Division, CSIR-Central Glass & Ceramic Research Institute, 196 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, India.
| | - Mitun Das
- Bioceramics and Coating Division, CSIR-Central Glass & Ceramic Research Institute, 196 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, India.
| | - Anoop K Mukhopadhyay
- Advanced Mechanical and Materials Characterization Division, Central Glass and Ceramic Research Institute, 196, Raja S C Mullik Road, Kolkata 700032, India.
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Bandyopadhyay A, Dittrick S, Gualtieri T, Wu J, Bose S. Calcium phosphate–titanium composites for articulating surfaces of load-bearing implants. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2016; 57:280-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2015.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Revised: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Sahasrabudhe H, Soderlind J, Bandyopadhyay A. Laser processing of in situ TiN/Ti composite coating on titanium. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2016; 53:239-249. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2015.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2015] [Revised: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 08/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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