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Mell SP, Yuh C, Nagel T, Chubinskaya S, Lundberg HJ, Wimmer MA. Development of a computational-experimental framework for enhanced mechanical characterization and cross-species comparison of the articular cartilage superficial zone. Comput Methods Biomech Biomed Engin 2023:1-5. [PMID: 37688477 PMCID: PMC10924071 DOI: 10.1080/10255842.2023.2255712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
To provide a better understanding of the contribution of specific constituents (i.e. proteoglycan, collagen, fluid) to the mechanical behavior of the superficial zone of articular cartilage, a complex biological tissue with several time-dependent properties, a finite element model was developed. Optimization was then used to fit the model to microindentation experiments. We used this model to compare superficial zone material properties of mature human vs. immature bovine articular cartilage. Non-linearity and stiffness of the fiber-reinforced component of the model differed between human and bovine tissue. This may be due to the more complex collagen architecture in mature tissue and is of interest to investigate in future work.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Thomas Nagel
- Geotechnical Institute, Technische Universität Bergakademie Freiberg
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Joukar A, Creecy A, Karnik S, Noori-Dokht H, Trippel SB, Wallace JM, Wagner DR. Correlation analysis of cartilage wear with biochemical composition, viscoelastic properties and friction. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2023; 142:105827. [PMID: 37060715 PMCID: PMC10175217 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2023.105827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
Healthy articular cartilage exhibits remarkable resistance to wear, sustaining mechanical loads and relative motion for decades. However, tissues that replace or repair cartilage defects are much less long lasting. Better information on the compositional and material characteristics that contribute to the wear resistance of healthy cartilage could help guide strategies to replace and repair degenerated tissue. The main objective of this study was to assess the relationship between wear of healthy articular cartilage, its biochemical composition, and its viscoelastic material properties. The correlation of these factors with the coefficient of friction during the wear test was also evaluated. Viscoelastic properties of healthy bovine cartilage were determined via stress relaxation indentation. The same specimens underwent an accelerated, in vitro wear test, and the amount of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) and collagen released during the wear test were considered measures of wear. The frictional response during the wear test was also recorded. The GAG, collagen and water content and the concentration of the enzymatic collagen crosslink pyridinoline were quantified in tissue that was adjacent to each wear test specimen. Finally, correlation analysis was performed to identify potential relationships between wear characteristics of healthy articular cartilage with its composition, viscoelastic material properties and friction. The findings suggest that stiffer cartilage with higher GAG, collagen and water content has a higher wear resistance. Enzymatic collagen crosslinks also enhance the wear resistance of the collagen network. The parameters of wear, composition, and mechanical stiffness of cartilage were all correlated with one another, suggesting that they are interrelated. However, friction was largely independent of these in this study. The results identify characteristics of healthy articular cartilage that contribute to its remarkable wear resistance. These data may be useful for guiding techniques to restore, regenerate, and stabilize cartilage tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Joukar
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA; Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Amy Creecy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Sonali Karnik
- Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Hessam Noori-Dokht
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA; Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Stephen B Trippel
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Joseph M Wallace
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Diane R Wagner
- Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
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Noori-Dokht H, Joukar A, Karnik S, Williams T, Trippel SB, Wagner DR. A Photochemical Crosslinking Approach to Enhance Resistance to Mechanical Wear and Biochemical Degradation of Articular Cartilage. Cartilage 2022; 13:19476035221093064. [PMID: 35819016 PMCID: PMC9280829 DOI: 10.1177/19476035221093064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to evaluate photochemical crosslinking using Al(III) phthalocyanine chloride tetrasulfonic acid (CASPc) and light with a wavelength of 670 nm as a potential therapy to strengthen articular cartilage and prevent tissue degradation. DESIGN Changes in viscoelastic properties with indentation were used to identify 2 crosslinking protocols for further testing. Crosslinked cartilage was subjected to an in vitro, accelerated wear test. The ability of the crosslinked tissue to resist biochemical degradation via collagenase was also measured. To better understand how photochemical crosslinking with CASPc varies through the depth of the tissue, the distribution of photo-initiator and penetration of light through the tissue depth was characterized. Finally, the effect of CASPc on chondrocyte viability and of co-treatment with an antioxidant was evaluated. RESULTS The equilibrium modulus was the most sensitive viscoelastic measure of crosslinking. Crosslinking decreased both mechanical wear and collagenase digestion compared with control cartilage. These beneficial effects were realized despite the fact that crosslinking appeared to be localized to a region near the articular surface. In addition, chondrocyte viability was maintained in crosslinked tissue treated with antioxidants. CONCLUSION These results suggest that photochemical crosslinking with CASPc and 670 nm light holds promise as a potential therapy to prevent cartilage degeneration by protecting cartilage from mechanical wear and biochemical degradation. Limitations were also evident, however, as an antioxidant treatment was necessary to maintain chondrocyte viability in crosslinked tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hessam Noori-Dokht
- Department of Mechanical & Energy Engineering, Indiana University–Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, USA,School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Amin Joukar
- Department of Mechanical & Energy Engineering, Indiana University–Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, USA,School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Sonali Karnik
- Department of Mechanical & Energy Engineering, Indiana University–Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Taylor Williams
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indiana University–Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Stephen B. Trippel
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Diane R. Wagner
- Department of Mechanical & Energy Engineering, Indiana University–Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, USA,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indiana University–Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, USA,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA,Diane R. Wagner, Department of Mechanical & Energy Engineering, Indiana University–Purdue University Indianapolis, 723 W. Michigan Street, SL 260, Indianapolis, IN 46220, USA.
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Yuh C, O'Bryan CS, Angelini TE, Wimmer MA. Microindentation of cartilage before and after articular loading in a bioreactor: assessment of length-scale dependency using two analysis methods. EXPERIMENTAL MECHANICS 2021; 61:1069-1080. [PMID: 35528779 PMCID: PMC9075500 DOI: 10.1007/s11340-021-00742-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microindentation is a technique with high sensitivity and spatial resolution, allowing for measurements at small-scale indentation depths. Various methods of indentation analysis to determine output properties exist. OBJECTIVE Here, the Oliver-Pharr Method and Hertzian Method were compared for stiffness analyses of articular cartilage at varying length-scales before and after bioreactor loading. METHODS Using three different conospherical tips with varying radii (20, 100, 793.75 μm), a bioreactor-indenter workflow was performed on cartilage explants to assess changes in stiffness due to articular loading. For all data, both the Oliver-Pharr Method and Hertzian Method were applied for indentation analysis. RESULTS The reduced moduli calculated by the Hertzian Method were found to be similar to those of the Oliver-Pharr Method when the 20 μm tip size was used. The reduced moduli calculated using the Hertzian Method were found to be consistent across the varying length-scales, whereas for the Oliver-Pharr Method, adhesion/suction led to the largest tip exhibiting an increased average reduced modulus compared to the two smaller tips. Loading induced stiffening of articular cartilage was observed consistently, regardless of tip size or indentation analysis applied. CONCLUSIONS Overall, geometric linearity is preserved across all tip sizes for the Hertzian Method and may be assumed for the two smaller tip sizes using the Oliver-Pharr Method. These findings further validate the previously described stiffening response of the superficial zone of cartilage after articular loading and demonstrate that the finding is length-scale independent.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Yuh
- Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL
| | - C S O'Bryan
- University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | | | - M A Wimmer
- Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL
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Campos Y, Sola FJ, Fuentes G, Quintanilla L, Almirall A, Cruz LJ, Rodríguez-Cabello JC, Tabata Y. The Effects of Crosslinking on the Rheology and Cellular Behavior of Polymer-Based 3D-Multilayered Scaffolds for Restoring Articular Cartilage. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:907. [PMID: 33809430 PMCID: PMC7999668 DOI: 10.3390/polym13060907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Polymer-based tri-layered (bone, intermediate and top layers) scaffolds used for the restoration of articular cartilage were prepared and characterized in this study to emulate the concentration gradient of cartilage. The scaffolds were physically or chemically crosslinked. In order to obtain adequate scaffolds for the intended application, the impact of the type of calcium phosphate used in the bone layer, the polymer used in the intermediate layer and the interlayer crosslinking process were analyzed. The correlation among SEM micrographs, physical-chemical characterization, swelling behavior, rheological measurements and cell studies were examined. Storage moduli at 1 Hz were 0.3-1.7 kPa for physically crosslinked scaffolds, and 4-5 kPa (EDC/NHS system) and 15-20 kPa (glutaraldehyde) for chemically crosslinked scaffolds. Intrinsic viscoelasticity and poroelasticity were considered in discussing the physical mechanism dominating in different time/frequency scales. Cell evaluation showed that all samples are available as alternatives to repair and/or substitute cartilage in articular osteoarthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaima Campos
- Centro de Biomateriales, Universidad de La Habana, ave Universidad e/G y Ronda, Vedado, Plaza, La Habana CP 10400, Cuba; (Y.C.); (F.J.S.); (A.A.)
- TNI Group, Department of Radiology, LUMC, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands;
| | - Francisco J. Sola
- Centro de Biomateriales, Universidad de La Habana, ave Universidad e/G y Ronda, Vedado, Plaza, La Habana CP 10400, Cuba; (Y.C.); (F.J.S.); (A.A.)
| | - Gastón Fuentes
- Centro de Biomateriales, Universidad de La Habana, ave Universidad e/G y Ronda, Vedado, Plaza, La Habana CP 10400, Cuba; (Y.C.); (F.J.S.); (A.A.)
- TNI Group, Department of Radiology, LUMC, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands;
- Laboratory of Biomaterials, Department of Regeneration Science and Engineering, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, 53 Kawara-cho Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan;
- Bioforge Group, Campus Miguel Delibes, CIBER-BBN, Universidad de Valladolid, Edificio LUCIA, Paseo Belén 19, 47011 Valladolid, Spain; (L.Q.); (J.C.R.-C.)
| | - Luis Quintanilla
- Bioforge Group, Campus Miguel Delibes, CIBER-BBN, Universidad de Valladolid, Edificio LUCIA, Paseo Belén 19, 47011 Valladolid, Spain; (L.Q.); (J.C.R.-C.)
| | - Amisel Almirall
- Centro de Biomateriales, Universidad de La Habana, ave Universidad e/G y Ronda, Vedado, Plaza, La Habana CP 10400, Cuba; (Y.C.); (F.J.S.); (A.A.)
- Laboratory of Biomaterials, Department of Regeneration Science and Engineering, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, 53 Kawara-cho Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan;
| | - Luis J. Cruz
- TNI Group, Department of Radiology, LUMC, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands;
| | - José C. Rodríguez-Cabello
- Bioforge Group, Campus Miguel Delibes, CIBER-BBN, Universidad de Valladolid, Edificio LUCIA, Paseo Belén 19, 47011 Valladolid, Spain; (L.Q.); (J.C.R.-C.)
| | - Yasuhiko Tabata
- Laboratory of Biomaterials, Department of Regeneration Science and Engineering, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, 53 Kawara-cho Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan;
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Transient stiffening of cartilage during joint articulation: A microindentation study. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2020; 113:104113. [PMID: 33032010 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2020.104113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
As a mechanoactive tissue, articular cartilage undergoes compression and shear on a daily basis. With the advent of high resolution and sensitive mechanical testing methods, such as micro- and nanoindentation, it has become possible to assess changes in small-scale mechanical properties due to compression and shear of the tissue. However, investigations on the changes of these properties before and after joint articulation have been limited. To simulate articular loading of cartilage in the context of human gait, a previously developed bioreactor system was used. Immediately after bioreactor testing, the stiffness was measured using microindentation. Specifically, we investigated whether the mechanical response of the tissue was transient or permanent, dependent on counterface material, and an effect limited to the superficial zone of cartilage. We found that cartilage surface stiffness increases immediately after articular loading and returns to baseline values within 3 hr. Cartilage-on-cartilage stiffening was found to be higher compared to both alumina- and cobalt chromium-on-cartilage stiffening, which were not significantly different from each other. This stiffening response was found to be unique to the superficial zone, as articular loading on cartilage with the superficial zone removed showed no changes in stiffness. The findings of this study suggest that the cartilage superficial zone may adapt its stiffness as a response to articular loading. As the superficial zone is often compromised during the course of osteoarthritic disease, this finding is of clinical relevance, suggesting that the load-bearing function deteriorates over time.
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7
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Early relaxation time assessment for characterization of breast tissue and diagnosis of breast tumors. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2018; 87:325-335. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2018.07.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Revised: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Effects of non-enzymatic glycation on the micro- and nano-mechanics of articular cartilage. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2018; 77:551-556. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2017.09.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Revised: 09/16/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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9
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Bonitsky CM, McGann ME, Selep MJ, Ovaert TC, Trippel SB, Wagner DR. Genipin crosslinking decreases the mechanical wear and biochemical degradation of impacted cartilage in vitro. J Orthop Res 2017; 35:558-565. [PMID: 27584857 PMCID: PMC5518482 DOI: 10.1002/jor.23411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
High energy trauma to cartilage causes surface fissures and microstructural damage, but the degree to which this damage renders the tissue more susceptible to wear and contributes to the progression of post-traumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA) is unknown. Additionally, no treatments are currently available to strengthen cartilage after joint trauma and to protect the tissue from subsequent degradation and wear. The purposes of this study were to investigate the role of mechanical damage in the degradation and wear of cartilage, to evaluate the effects of impact and subsequent genipin crosslinking on the changes in the viscoelastic parameters of articular cartilage, and to test the hypothesis that genipin crosslinking is an effective treatment to enhance the resistance to biochemical degradation and mechanical wear. Results demonstrate that cartilage stiffness decreases after impact loading, likely due to the formation of fissures and microarchitectural damage, and is partially or fully restored by crosslinking. The wear resistance of impacted articular cartilage was diminished compared to undamaged cartilage, suggesting that mechanical damage that is directly induced by the impact may contribute to the progression of PTOA. However, the decrease in wear resistance was completely reversed by the crosslinking treatments. Additionally, the crosslinking treatments improved the resistance to collagenase digestion at the impact-damaged articular surface. These results highlight the potential therapeutic value of collagen crosslinking via genipin in the prevention of cartilage degeneration after traumatic injury. © 2016 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 35:558-565, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig M. Bonitsky
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana
| | - Megan E. McGann
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana
| | - Michael J. Selep
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana
| | - Timothy C. Ovaert
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana
| | - Stephen B. Trippel
- Deparment of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Diane R. Wagner
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, 723 W. Michigan St. SL 260, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana
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Moshtagh PR, Pouran B, Korthagen NM, Zadpoor AA, Weinans H. Guidelines for an optimized indentation protocol for measurement of cartilage stiffness: The effects of spatial variation and indentation parameters. J Biomech 2016; 49:3602-3607. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2016.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Revised: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Castro APG, Laity P, Shariatzadeh M, Wittkowske C, Holland C, Lacroix D. Combined numerical and experimental biomechanical characterization of soft collagen hydrogel substrate. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2016; 27:79. [PMID: 26914710 PMCID: PMC4767858 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-016-5688-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
This work presents a combined experimental-numerical framework for the biomechanical characterization of highly hydrated collagen hydrogels, namely with 0.20, 0.30 and 0.40% (by weight) of collagen concentration. Collagen is the most abundant protein in the extracellular matrix of animals and humans. Its intrinsic biocompatibility makes collagen a promising substrate for embedding cells within a highly hydrated environment mimicking natural soft tissues. Cell behaviour is greatly influenced by the mechanical properties of the surrounding matrix, but the biomechanical characterization of collagen hydrogels has been challenging up to now, since they present non-linear poro-viscoelastic properties. Combining the stiffness outcomes from rheological experiments with relevant literature data on collagen permeability, poroelastic finite element (FE) models were developed. Comparison between experimental confined compression tests available in the literature and analogous FE stress relaxation curves showed a close agreement throughout the tests. This framework allowed establishing that the dynamic shear modulus of the collagen hydrogels is between 0.0097 ± 0.018 kPa for the 0.20% concentration and 0.0601 ± 0.044 kPa for the 0.40% concentration. The Poisson's ratio values for such conditions lie within the range of 0.495-0.485 for 0.20% and 0.480-0.470 for 0.40%, respectively, showing that rheology is sensitive enough to detect these small changes in collagen concentration and thus allowing to link rheology results with the confined compression tests. In conclusion, this integrated approach allows for accurate constitutive modelling of collagen hydrogels. This framework sets the grounds for the characterization of related hydrogels and to the use of this collagen parameterization in more complex multiscale models.
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Affiliation(s)
- A P G Castro
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, INSIGNEO Institute for in Silico Medicine, The University of Sheffield, Pam Liversidge Building - Room F32, Mappin Street, Sheffield, S1 3JD, UK
| | - P Laity
- Natural Materials Group, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - M Shariatzadeh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, INSIGNEO Institute for in Silico Medicine, The University of Sheffield, Pam Liversidge Building - Room F32, Mappin Street, Sheffield, S1 3JD, UK
| | - C Wittkowske
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, INSIGNEO Institute for in Silico Medicine, The University of Sheffield, Pam Liversidge Building - Room F32, Mappin Street, Sheffield, S1 3JD, UK
| | - C Holland
- Natural Materials Group, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - D Lacroix
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, INSIGNEO Institute for in Silico Medicine, The University of Sheffield, Pam Liversidge Building - Room F32, Mappin Street, Sheffield, S1 3JD, UK.
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McGann ME, Bonitsky CM, Jackson ML, Ovaert TC, Trippel SB, Wagner DR. Genipin crosslinking of cartilage enhances resistance to biochemical degradation and mechanical wear. J Orthop Res 2015; 33:1571-1579. [PMID: 25939430 PMCID: PMC4591111 DOI: 10.1002/jor.22939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2015] [Accepted: 04/29/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Collagen crosslinking enhances many beneficial properties of articular cartilage, including resistance to chemical degradation and mechanical wear, but many crosslinking agents are cytotoxic. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of genipin, a crosslinking agent with favorable biocompatibility and cytotoxicity, as a potential treatment to prevent the degradation and wear of articular cartilage. First, the impact of genipin concentration and treatment duration on the viscoelastic properties of bovine articular cartilage was quantified. Next, two short-term (15 min) genipin crosslinking treatments were chosen, and the change in collagenase digestion, cartilage wear, and the friction coefficient of the tissue with these treatments was measured. Finally, chondrocyte viability after exposure to these genipin treatments was assessed. Genipin treatment increased the stiffness of healthy, intact cartilage in a dose-dependent manner. The 15-min crosslinking treatments improved cartilage's resistance to both chemical degradation, particularly at the articular surface, and to damage due to mechanical wear. These enhancements were achieved without sacrificing the low coefficient of friction of the tissue and at a genipin dose that preserved chondrocyte viability. The results of this study suggest that collagen crosslinking via genipin may be a promising preventative treatment to slow the degradation of cartilage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan E. McGann
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Notre Dame
| | - Craig M. Bonitsky
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Notre Dame
| | - Mariah L. Jackson
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Notre Dame
| | - Timothy C. Ovaert
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Notre Dame
| | | | - Diane R. Wagner
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Notre Dame
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13
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Taylor DW, Ahmed N, Parreno J, Lunstrum GP, Gross AE, Diamandis EP, Kandel RA. Collagen Type XII and Versican Are Present in the Early Stages of Cartilage Tissue Formation by Both Redifferentating Passaged and Primary Chondrocytes. Tissue Eng Part A 2015; 21:683-93. [DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2014.0103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Drew W. Taylor
- BioEngineering of Skeletal Tissues Team, CIHR, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Lunenfeld Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nazish Ahmed
- BioEngineering of Skeletal Tissues Team, CIHR, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Lunenfeld Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Justin Parreno
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Lunenfeld Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Allan E. Gross
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Lunenfeld Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Eleftherios P. Diamandis
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Lunenfeld Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rita A. Kandel
- BioEngineering of Skeletal Tissues Team, CIHR, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Lunenfeld Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Hutchinson ID, Olson J, Lindburg CA, Payne V, Collins B, Smith TL, Munley MT, Wheeler KT, Willey JS. Total-body irradiation produces late degenerative joint damage in rats. Int J Radiat Biol 2014; 90:821-30. [PMID: 24885745 DOI: 10.3109/09553002.2014.927935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Premature musculoskeletal joint failure is a major source of morbidity among childhood cancer survivors. Radiation effects on synovial joint tissues of the skeleton are poorly understood. Our goal was to assess long-term changes in the knee joint from skeletally mature rats that received total-body irradiation while skeletal growth was ongoing. MATERIALS AND METHODS 14 week-old rats were irradiated with 1, 3 or 7 Gy total-body doses of 18 MV X-rays. At 53 weeks of age, structural and compositional changes in knee joint tissues (articular cartilage, subchondral bone, and trabecular bone) were characterized using 7T MRI, nanocomputed tomography (nanoCT), microcomputed tomography (microCT), and histology. RESULTS T2 relaxation times of the articular cartilage were lower after exposure to all doses. Likewise, calcifications were observed in the articular cartilage. Trabecular bone microarchitecture was compromised in the tibial metaphysis at 7 Gy. Mild to moderate cartilage erosion was scored in the 3 and 7 Gy rats. CONCLUSIONS Late degenerative changes in articular cartilage and bone were observed after total-body irradiation in adult rats exposed prior to skeletal maturity. 7T MRI, microCT, nanoCT, and histology identified potential prognostic indicators of late radiation-induced joint damage.
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