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Dinesan A, Krishnakumar S, Jayakumar R, Nair M. Biomimetic kartogenin containing κ-carrageenan hydrogel for nucleus pulposus regeneration. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 276:133868. [PMID: 39009266 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.133868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 07/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
Intervertebral disc degeneration is a clinical disease that reduces the quality of patient's life. The degeneration usually initiates in the nucleus pulposus (NP), hence the use of hydrogels represents a promising therapeutic approach. However, the viscoelastic nature of hydrogel and its ability to provide biomimetic architecture and biochemical cues influence the regeneration capability. This study focused on tuning the physical nature of a glycosaminoglycan hydrogel (κ-carrageenan) as well as the release kinetics of a chondrogenic factor (kartogenin - KGN) through physical cross-linking. For this, κ-carrageenan was cross linked with 2.5 % and 5 % potassium chloride (KCl) for 15 and 30 min and loaded with KGN molecule at 50 μM and 100 μM. The tight network structure with low water retention and degradation property was seen in hydrogel cross-linked with increased KCl concentration and time. However, optimal degradation along with NP mimicking viscoelastic nature was exhibited by 5 wt% KCl treated hydrogel (H3 hydrogel). All hydrogel groups exhibited burst KGN release at 24 h followed by a sustained release for 5 days. However, hydrogel cross-linked with 5 wt% KCl enhanced chondrogenic differentiation, mainly at lower KGN dose. In summary, this study shows the potential application of biomimetic KGN laden carrageenan hydrogel in NP regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhirami Dinesan
- Amrita School of Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi 682041, India
| | - Sreelakshmi Krishnakumar
- Amrita School of Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi 682041, India
| | - R Jayakumar
- Amrita School of Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi 682041, India.
| | - Manitha Nair
- Amrita School of Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi 682041, India.
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Li ZL, Lu Q, Honiball JR, Wan SHT, Yeung KWK, Cheung KMC. Mechanical characterization and design of biomaterials for nucleus pulposus replacement and regeneration. J Biomed Mater Res A 2023; 111:1888-1902. [PMID: 37555381 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.37593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
Biomaterials for nucleus pulposus (NP) replacement and regeneration have great potential to restore normal biomechanics in degenerated intervertebral discs following nucleotomy. Mechanical characterizations are essential for assessing the efficacy of biomaterial implants for clinical applications. While traditional compression tests are crucial to quantify various modulus values, relaxation behaviors and fatigue resistance, rheological measurements should also be conducted to investigate the viscoelastic properties, injectability, and overall stability upon deformation. To recapitulate the physiological in vivo environment, the use of spinal models is necessary to evaluate the risk of implant extrusion and the restoration of biomechanics under different loading conditions. When designing devices for NP replacement, injectable materials are ideal to fully fill the nucleus cavity and prevent implant migration. In addition to achieving biocompatibility and desirable mechanical characteristics, biomaterial implants should be optimized to avoid implant extrusion or re-herniation post-operatively. This review discusses the most commonly used testing protocols for assessing mechanical properties of biomaterial implants and serves as reference material for enabling researchers to characterize NP implants through a unified approach whereby newly developed biomaterials may be compared and contrasted to existing devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuoqi Lucas Li
- Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Qiuji Lu
- Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - John Robert Honiball
- Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Sandra Hiu-Tung Wan
- Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kelvin Wai-Kwok Yeung
- Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Innovative Technology in Orthopaedic Trauma, The University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Kenneth Man-Chee Cheung
- Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
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Guo W, Douma L, Hu MH, Eglin D, Alini M, Šećerović A, Grad S, Peng X, Zou X, D'Este M, Peroglio M. Hyaluronic acid-based interpenetrating network hydrogel as a cell carrier for nucleus pulposus repair. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 277:118828. [PMID: 34893245 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Hyaluronic acid (HA) is a key component of the intervertebral disc (IVD) that is widely investigated as an IVD biomaterial. One persisting challenge is introducing materials capable of supporting cell encapsulation and function, yet with sufficient mechanical stability. In this study, a hybrid interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) was produced as a non-covalent hydrogel, based on a covalently cross-linked HA (HA-BDDE) and HA-poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (HA-pNIPAM). The hybrid IPN was investigated for its physicochemical properties, with histology and gene expression analysis to determine matrix deposition in vitro and in an ex vivo model. The IPN hydrogel displayed cohesiveness for at least one week and rheological properties resembling native nucleus pulposus (NP) tissue. When implanted in an ex vivo IVD organ culture model, the IPN supported cell viability, phenotype expression of encapsulated NP cells and IVD matrix production over four weeks under physiological loading. Overall, our results indicate the therapeutic potential of this HA-based IPN hydrogel for IVD regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Guo
- AO Research Institute Davos, Clavadelerstrasse 8, 7270 Davos, Switzerland; Department of Spinal Surgery, Orthopaedic Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, PR China
| | - Luzia Douma
- AO Research Institute Davos, Clavadelerstrasse 8, 7270 Davos, Switzerland
| | - Ming Hsien Hu
- AO Research Institute Davos, Clavadelerstrasse 8, 7270 Davos, Switzerland
| | - David Eglin
- AO Research Institute Davos, Clavadelerstrasse 8, 7270 Davos, Switzerland
| | - Mauro Alini
- AO Research Institute Davos, Clavadelerstrasse 8, 7270 Davos, Switzerland
| | - Amra Šećerović
- AO Research Institute Davos, Clavadelerstrasse 8, 7270 Davos, Switzerland
| | - Sibylle Grad
- AO Research Institute Davos, Clavadelerstrasse 8, 7270 Davos, Switzerland
| | - Xinsheng Peng
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Orthopaedic Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, PR China
| | - Xuenong Zou
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Orthopaedic Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, PR China
| | - Matteo D'Este
- AO Research Institute Davos, Clavadelerstrasse 8, 7270 Davos, Switzerland.
| | - Marianna Peroglio
- AO Research Institute Davos, Clavadelerstrasse 8, 7270 Davos, Switzerland
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Zheng K, Du D. Recent advances of hydrogel-based biomaterials for intervertebral disc tissue treatment: A literature review. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2021; 15:299-321. [PMID: 33660950 DOI: 10.1002/term.3172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Low back pain is an increasingly prevalent symptom mainly associated with intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration. It is highly correlated with aging, as the nucleus pulposus (NP) dehydrates and annulus fibrosus fissure formatting, which finally results in the IVD herniation and related clinical symptoms. Hydrogels have been drawing increasing attention as the ideal candidates for IVD degeneration because of their unique properties such as biocompatibility, highly tunable mechanical properties, and especially the water absorption and retention ability resembling the normal NP tissue. Numerous innovative hydrogel polymers have been generated in the most recent years. This review article will first briefly describe the anatomy and pathophysiology of IVDs and current therapies with their limitations. Following that, the article introduces the hydrogel materials in the classification of their origins. Next, it reviews the recent hydrogel polymers explored for IVD regeneration and analyses what efforts have been made to overcome the existing limitations. Finally, the challenges and prospects of hydrogel-based treatments for IVD tissue are also discussed. We believe that these novel hydrogel-based strategies may shed light on new possibilities in IVD degeneration disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiwen Zheng
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Dajiang Du
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
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Vasile C, Pamfil D, Stoleru E, Baican M. New Developments in Medical Applications of Hybrid Hydrogels Containing Natural Polymers. Molecules 2020; 25:E1539. [PMID: 32230990 PMCID: PMC7180755 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25071539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 03/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
New trends in biomedical applications of the hybrid polymeric hydrogels, obtained by combining natural polymers with synthetic ones, have been reviewed. Homopolysaccharides, heteropolysaccharides, as well as polypeptides, proteins and nucleic acids, are presented from the point of view of their ability to form hydrogels with synthetic polymers, the preparation procedures for polymeric organic hybrid hydrogels, general physico-chemical properties and main biomedical applications (i.e., tissue engineering, wound dressing, drug delivery, etc.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelia Vasile
- Physical Chemistry of Polymers Department, “P. Poni” Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, 41A Gr. Ghica Voda Alley, RO, Iaşi 700484, Romania; (D.P.); (E.S.)
| | - Daniela Pamfil
- Physical Chemistry of Polymers Department, “P. Poni” Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, 41A Gr. Ghica Voda Alley, RO, Iaşi 700484, Romania; (D.P.); (E.S.)
| | - Elena Stoleru
- Physical Chemistry of Polymers Department, “P. Poni” Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, 41A Gr. Ghica Voda Alley, RO, Iaşi 700484, Romania; (D.P.); (E.S.)
| | - Mihaela Baican
- Pharmaceutical Physics Department, “Grigore T. Popa” Medicine and Pharmacy University, 16, University Str., Iaşi 700115, Romania
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Yegappan R, Selvaprithiviraj V, Amirthalingam S, Jayakumar R. Carrageenan based hydrogels for drug delivery, tissue engineering and wound healing. Carbohydr Polym 2018; 198:385-400. [PMID: 30093014 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.06.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 230] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Revised: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Carrageenan is a class of naturally occurring sulphated polysaccharides, which is currently a promising candidate in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine as it resemblances native glycosaminoglycans. From pharmaceutical drug formulations to tissue engineered scaffolds, carrageenan has broad range of applications. Here we provide an overview of developing various forms of carrageenan based hydrogels. We focus on how these fabrication processes has an effect on physiochemical properties of the hydrogel. We outline the application of these hydrogels not only pertaining to sustained drug release but also their application in bone and cartilage tissue engineering as well as in wound healing and antimicrobial formulations. Administration of these hydrogels through various routes for drug delivery applications has been critically reviewed. Finally, we conclude by summarizing the current and future outlook that promotes the seaweed-derived polysaccharide as versatile, promising biomaterial for a variety of bioengineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramanathan Yegappan
- Centre for Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi 682041, India
| | - Vignesh Selvaprithiviraj
- Centre for Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi 682041, India
| | - Sivashanmugam Amirthalingam
- Centre for Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi 682041, India
| | - R Jayakumar
- Centre for Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi 682041, India.
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