1
|
Zengin H, Ari S, Turan ME, Hassel AW. Evolution of Microstructure, Mechanical Properties, and Corrosion Resistance of Mg-2.2Gd-2.2Zn-0.2Ca (wt%) Alloy by Extrusion at Various Temperatures. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:3075. [PMID: 37109911 PMCID: PMC10141226 DOI: 10.3390/ma16083075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The current investigation involved casting the Mg-2.2Gd-2.2Zn-0.2Ca (wt%) alloy (GZX220) through permanent mold casting, followed by homogenization at 400 °C for 24 h and extrusion at 250 °C, 300 °C, 350 °C, and 400 °C. Microstructure investigations revealed that α-Mg, Mg-Gd, and Mg-Gd-Zn intermetallic phases were present in the as-cast alloy. Following the homogenization treatment, a majority of these intermetallic particles underwent partial dissolution into the matrix phase. α-Mg grains exhibited a considerable refinement by extrusion due to dynamic recrystallization (DRX). At low extrusion temperatures, higher basal texture intensities were observed. The mechanical properties were remarkably enhanced after the extrusion process. However, a consistent decline in strength was observed with the rise in extrusion temperature. The corrosion performance of the as-cast GZX220 alloy was reduced by homogenization because of the lack of corrosion barrier effect of secondary phases. A significant enhancement of corrosion resistance was achieved by the extrusion process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hüseyin Zengin
- Institute of Chemical Technology of Inorganic Materials (TIM), Johannes Kepler University Linz, 4040 Linz, Austria
| | - Soner Ari
- Valfsel Armatür Sanayi A.S., 45030 Manisa, Türkiye
| | | | - Achim Walter Hassel
- Institute of Chemical Technology of Inorganic Materials (TIM), Johannes Kepler University Linz, 4040 Linz, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kuah KX, Wijesinghe S, Blackwood DJ. Toward understanding in vivo corrosion: Influence of interfacial hydrogen gas build-up on degradation of magnesium alloy implants. J Biomed Mater Res A 2023; 111:60-70. [PMID: 36125179 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.37446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Limited material transport, causing gas cavities formation, is commonly observed during the degradation of magnesium implants, yet its effects on corrosion are not understood. Herein, a bespoke cell was designed, allowing for the incorporation of an additional agarose layer above the corroding magnesium sample. This design replicates the limited material transport in vitro and enables us to understand its influence on corrosion of magnesium alloys. This work investigated the influence of varying thickness of agarose (0-0.9 mm) on the corrosion of Mg-Zn-Zr magnesium alloy maintained at 37°C in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). The introduction of agarose slowed transport of material away from the corroding magnesium surface, including the evolved hydrogen forming a gas cavity. It has been found that an initial increase in the agarose thickness (or the reduction in material transport) of 0.3 mm leads to an increase in the corrosion rate of the magnesium alloy by 62%. However, with a further increase in agarose thickness from 0.3 to 0.9 mm, the corrosion rate decreases by 37%. This observation has been attributed to the accumulation of, and competition between, chloride and hydroxide ions near the alloy's surface. In the presence of materials barrier, hydrogen measurement is no longer a reliable method for the measurement of corrosion rates. This study underscores the importance of the consideration of limited material transport during the in vitro corrosion tests of biomedical implants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Xiang Kuah
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Reliability and Characterisation Unit, Singapore Institute of Manufacturing Technology (SIMTech), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sudesh Wijesinghe
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Reliability and Characterisation Unit, Singapore Institute of Manufacturing Technology (SIMTech), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Daniel J Blackwood
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Şevik H, Özarslan S, Dieringa H. Assessment of the Mechanical and Corrosion Properties of Mg-1Zn-0.6Ca/Diamond Nanocomposites for Biomedical Applications. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:4399. [PMID: 36558252 PMCID: PMC9787344 DOI: 10.3390/nano12244399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In this work, the microstructure, mechanical properties, and corrosion behavior of the Mg-1Zn-0.6Ca matrix alloy (ZX10), reinforced by adding various amounts of nanodiamond particles (0.5, 1, and 2 wt.%), prepared by the ultrasound-assisted stir-casting method, were investigated as they are deemed as potential implant materials in biomedical applications. Microstructure, nanoindentation, mechanical tensile, immersion, and potentiodynamic polarization tests were performed for evaluating the influence of the addition of nanodiamond particles on the alloy's mechanical and biocorrosion properties. The results revealed that the addition of nanodiamond particles causes a reduction in the alloy's grain size. The alloy's nanohardness and elastic modulus values increased when the amount of added nanodiamond particles were increased. The nanocomposite with an addition of 0.5% ND showed the best composition with regard to an acceptable corrosion rate as the corrosion rates are too high with higher additions of 1 or 2% NDs. At the same time, the yield strength, tensile strength, and elongation improved slightly compared to the matrix alloy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hüseyin Şevik
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Mersin University, Mersin 33343, Turkey
| | - Selma Özarslan
- Department of Physics, Science and Art Faculty, Hatay Mustafa Kemal University, Antakya 31034, Turkey
| | - Hajo Dieringa
- Institute of Material and Process Design, Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Max-Planck-Str. 1, 21502 Geesthacht, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wang L, He J, Yu J, Arthanari S, Lee H, Zhang H, Lu L, Huang G, Xing B, Wang H, Shin KS. Review: Degradable Magnesium Corrosion Control for Implant Applications. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:6197. [PMID: 36143507 PMCID: PMC9504397 DOI: 10.3390/ma15186197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Magnesium (Mg) alloys have received increasing interest in the past two decades as biomaterials due to their excellent biological compatibility. However, the corrosion resistance of Mg alloys is relativity low which limits their usage in degradable implant applications, and controlling the corrosion resistance is the key to solving this problem. This review discusses the relative corrosion mechanisms, including pitting, filiform, high temperature, stress corrosion, etc., of Mg alloys. Various approaches like purification (Fe, Ni, Cu, etc.), micro-alloying (adding Zn, Mn, Ca, RE elements, and so on), grain refinement (severe plastic deformation, SPD, etc.), and surface modifications (various coating methods) to control corrosion and biological performance are summarized. Moreover, the in vivo implantations of Mg alloy vascular stents and the issues that have emerged based on the reports in recent years are introduced. It is recommended that corrosion mechanisms should be further investigated as there is no method that can remove all the impurities and a new purification approach needs to be developed. The concentration of micro-alloy elements should be carefully controlled to avoid superfluous compounds. Developing new continuous SPD methods to achieve fine-grained Mg alloys with a large size scale is necessary. The development of a multifunctional coating could also be considered in controlling the Mg degradation rate. Moreover, the research trends and challenges in the future of Mg biomaterials are proposed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lifei Wang
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Advanced Magnesium-Based Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
- Chongqing Innovation Center of Industrial Big-Data Co. Ltd., National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Big-data Application Technology, Chongqing 400707, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jianzhong He
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Advanced Magnesium-Based Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Jiawen Yu
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Advanced Magnesium-Based Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Srinivasan Arthanari
- Department of Mechanical & Materials Engineering Education, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Huseung Lee
- Department of Mechanical & Materials Engineering Education, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Hua Zhang
- Institute for Advanced Studies in Precision Materials, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Liwei Lu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of High Efficiency and Precision Machining of Difficult-to-Cut Material, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China
| | - Guangsheng Huang
- National Engineering Research Center for Magnesium Alloys, College of Materials Science & Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Bin Xing
- Chongqing Innovation Center of Industrial Big-Data Co. Ltd., National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Big-data Application Technology, Chongqing 400707, China
| | - Hongxia Wang
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Advanced Magnesium-Based Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Kwang-Seon Shin
- Magnesium Technology Innovation Center, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 881416, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Yang L, Guo P, Niu Z, Li F, Song Z, Xu C, Liu H, Sun W, Ren T. Influence of Mg on the mechanical properties and degradation performance of as-extruded Zn Mg Ca alloys: In vitro and in vivo behavior. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2019; 95:220-231. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2019.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|