1
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Shi W, Whittington AR, Grant DC, Boreyko JB. Reduced Sliding Friction of Lubricant-Impregnated Catheters. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:3635-3641. [PMID: 38284056 PMCID: PMC10809236 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c07640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
During urethral catheterization, sliding friction can cause discomfort and even hemorrhaging. In this report, we use a lubricant-impregnated polydimethylsiloxane coating to reduce the sliding friction of a catheter. Using a pig urethra attached to a microforce testing system, we found that a lubricant-impregnated catheter reduces the sliding friction during insertion by more than a factor of two. This suggests that slippery, lubricant-impregnated surfaces have the potential to enhance patient comfort and safety during catheterization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Shi
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
- Division
of Natural and Applied Sciences, Duke Kunshan
University, Kunshan, Jiangsu 215316, China
| | - Abby R. Whittington
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Virginia
Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - David C. Grant
- Department
of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Virginia
Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Jonathan B. Boreyko
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
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2
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Yang G, Lin W, Shah BA, Liang J, Lu X, Yuan B. Superhydrophilic and Antifriction Thin Hydrogel Formed under Mild Conditions for Medical Bare Metal Guide Wires. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:1482-1491. [PMID: 38147690 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c15211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
Medical guide wires play a crucial role in the process of intravascular interventional therapy. However, it is essential for bare metal guide wires to possess both hydrophilic lubricity and coating durability, avoiding tissue damage caused by friction inside the blood vessel during the interventional procedure. Additionally, it is still a huge challenge for diverse metal materials to bind with polymer coatings easily. Herein, we present a hydrogel coating scheme and its preparation method for various wires under mild conditions for environmental protection purposes. The preparation process involves surface pretreatment, including low-temperature heating and silanization, followed by a two-step dip coating and ultraviolet polymerization. The whole process leads to the formation of an interpenetrating cross-linked hydrogel network from the substrate to the surface section. This study confirms the superhydrophilicity and lubricity of three metal wires with the designed coating, especially reducing the friction significantly by ≥ 95%. The thin coating (average thickness <6.2 μm) demonstrates strong adhesion with various substrates and exhibits resistance to 25 or even 125 cycles of friction, indicating excellent stability and preventing easy detachment. The finally prepared composite nickel-titanium (NiTi) guide wire with stainless steel (SS) and platinum-tungsten (Pt-W) coils (overall diameter of ∼0.36 mm) shows satisfactory performance with a friction of 0.183 N for 25 cycles, meeting the clinical requirements (average friction ≤0.2 N) for interventional operation. These findings highlight the potential of this study in advancing the development of medical devices, particularly in the field of intravascular interventional therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangyao Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Advanced Energy Storage Materials, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - Weihao Lin
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Advanced Energy Storage Materials, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - Basit Ali Shah
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - Jinxia Liang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - Xun Lu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - Bin Yuan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Advanced Energy Storage Materials, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
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3
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Moore JV, Burns J, McClelland N, Quinn J, McCoy CP. Understanding the properties of intermittent catheters to inform future development. Proc Inst Mech Eng H 2023:9544119231178468. [PMID: 37300485 DOI: 10.1177/09544119231178468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Despite the extensive use of intermittent catheters (ICs) in healthcare, various issues persist for long-term IC users, such as pain, discomfort, infection, and tissue damage, including strictures, scarring and micro-abrasions. A lubricous IC surface is considered necessary to reduce patient pain and trauma, and therefore is a primary focus of IC development to improve patient comfort. While an important consideration, other factors should be routinely investigated to inform future IC development. An array of in vitro tests should be employed to assess IC's lubricity, biocompatibility and the risk of urinary tract infection development associated with their use. Herein, we highlight the importance of current in vitro characterisation techniques, the demand for optimisation and an unmet need to develop a universal 'toolkit' to assess IC properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica V Moore
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Jane Burns
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Nicola McClelland
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - James Quinn
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Colin P McCoy
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
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4
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Zhao Y, Wang H, Zhao W, Luo J, Zhao X, Zhang H. Bioinspired Self-Adhesive Lubricated Coating for the Surface Functionalization of Implanted Biomedical Devices. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:15178-15189. [PMID: 36468673 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c02250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The lubrication property of implanted biomedical devices is of great significance as it affects the clinical performance owing to direct contact with soft tissues. In the present study, a bioinspired copolymer with dual functions of both self-adhesion and lubrication was synthesized with N-(3-aminopropyl) methacrylamide hydrochloride, gallic acid, and 3-[dimethyl-[2-(2-methylprop-2-enoyloxy) ethyl] azaniumyl] propane-1-sulfonate by free radical polymerization and a carbodiimide coupling reaction. The copolymer was further modified on the surface of poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) samples using a simple dip-coating method and was characterized by different evaluations including Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, the water contact angle, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, optical interferometry, and atomic force microscopy. Additionally, the results of a series of tribological tests at the microscopic level demonstrated that the friction coefficient of the copolymer-coated PVC samples was significantly reduced compared to that of the bare PVC samples. Furthermore, the pull out test at the macroscopic level was performed using copolymer-coated PVC catheters on a poly(dimethylsiloxane)-based test rig, and the result showed that the copolymer-coated PVC catheters were endowed with a greatly decreased and much more stable pull out force compared with that of the bare PVC catheters. In conclusion, the bioinspired self-adhesive lubricated coating developed herein may be applied as a universal and versatile method to enhance the lubrication performance of implanted biomedical devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanlong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Haimang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Weiwei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jing Luo
- Beijing Research Institute of Automation for Machinery Industry Co., Ltd., Beijing 100120, China
| | - Xin Zhao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, 999077 Hong Kong, China
| | - Hongyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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5
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Zhang Y, Jiang W, Lei L, Wang Y, Xu R, Qin L, Wei Q. Mussel-Inspired Multicomponent Codeposition Strategy toward Antibacterial and Lubricating Multifunctional Coatings on Bioimplants. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:7157-7167. [PMID: 35635328 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c00353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial infections and limited surface lubrication are the two key challenges for bioimplants in dynamic contact with tissues. However, the simultaneous lubricating and antibacterial properties of the bioimplants have rarely been investigated. In this work, we successfully developed a multifunctional coating with simultaneous antibacterial and lubricating properties for surface functionalization of bioimplant materials. The multifunctional coating was fabricated on a polyurethane (PU) substrate via polydopamine (PDA)-assisted multicomponent codeposition, containing polyethyleneimine (PEI) and trace amounts of copper (Cu) as synergistic antibacterial components and zwitterionic poly(2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine) (PMPC) as the lubricating component. The obtained PDA(Cu)/PEI/PMPC coating showed excellent antibacterial activity (antibacterial efficiency: ∼99%) to both Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus compared with bare PU. The excellent antibacterial properties were attributed to the combined effect of anti-adhesion capability of hydrophilic PMPC and PEI and bactericidal activity of Cu in the coating. Meanwhile, the coefficient of friction of the coating was significantly decreased by ∼52% compared with bare PU owing to the high hydration feature of PMPC, suggesting the superior lubricating property. Furthermore, the PDA(Cu)/PEI/PMPC coating was highly biocompatible toward human umbilical vein endothelial cells demonstrated by in vitro cytotoxicity tests. This study not only contributes to the chemistry of PDA-assisted multicomponent codeposition but also provides a facile and practical way for rational design of multifunctional coatings for medical devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Eco-functional Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Eco-functional Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Lele Lei
- Key Laboratory of Eco-functional Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Key Laboratory of Eco-functional Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Rongnian Xu
- Key Laboratory of Eco-functional Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Long Qin
- Cuiying Biomedical Research Center, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Qiangbing Wei
- Key Laboratory of Eco-functional Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China
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6
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Lee DU, Kim DW, Lee SY, Choi DY, Choi SY, Moon KS, Shon MY, Moon MJ. Amino acid-mediated negatively charged surface improve antifouling and tribological characteristics for medical applications. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2022; 211:112314. [PMID: 35033790 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2021.112314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
To prevent infections associated with biomedical catheters, various antimicrobial coatings have been investigated. However, those materials do not provide consistent antibacterial effects or biocompatibility, generally, due to degradation of the coating materials, in vivo. Additionally, biomedical catheters must have low surface friction to reduce tribological damage. In this study, we developed an antifouling surface composed of biocompatible amino acids (leucine, taurine, and aspartic acid) on polyimide, via modification using a series of facile immersion steps with waterborne reactions. The naturally derived amino acid could be formed highly biostable amide bonds on the polyimide surface like peptides. The amino acid-modified surface formed a water layer with antifouling performance through the hydrophilic properties of amino acids. Amino acid-mediated modification reduced adhesion up to 84.45% and 94.81% against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus epidermidis, respectively, and exhibited an excellent prevention to adhesion against the proteins, albumin and fibrinogen. Evaluation of the surface friction of the catheter revealed a dramatic reduction in the tribological force after amino acid modification on polyimide that of 0.81 N to aspartic acid of 0.44 N. These results clearly demonstrate a reduced occurrence of infections, thrombi and tribological damage following the relatively facile surface modification of catheters. The proposed modification method can be used in a continuous manufacturing process via using the same time of modification steps for the easy producing the product. Moreover, the method uses biocompatible naturally derived materials and can be applied to medical equipment that requires biocompatibility and biofunctionality with polyimide surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Uk Lee
- Department of Industrial Chemistry, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Won Kim
- Research Institute for Green Energy Convergence Technology, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Gyeongnam 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Yeup Lee
- Department of Applied Bioscience, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Yun Choi
- Biomedical Manufacturing Technology Center, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, Yeongcheon, Gyeongbuk 38822, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Yong Choi
- Department of Industrial Chemistry, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung-Seok Moon
- Department of Materials Engineering and Convergence Technology, School of materials Science and Engineering, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Gyeongnam 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Young Shon
- Department of Industrial Chemistry, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea.
| | - Myung Jun Moon
- Department of Industrial Chemistry, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea.
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7
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Suo D, Rao J, WANG H, ZHANG Z, Leung P, Zhang H, Tao X, Zhao X. A universal biocompatible coating for enhanced lubrication and bacterial inhibition. Biomater Sci 2022; 10:3493-3502. [DOI: 10.1039/d2bm00598k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Antibacterial coatings that inhibit bacterial adhesion are essential for many implanted medical devices. A variety of antibacterial strategies, such as repelling or killing bacteria, have been developed, but not yet...
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8
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Han Y, Zhao W, Zheng Y, Wang H, Sun Y, Zhang Y, Luo J, Zhang H. Self-adhesive lubricated coating for enhanced bacterial resistance. Bioact Mater 2021; 6:2535-2545. [PMID: 33615044 PMCID: PMC7868611 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2021.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Limited surface lubrication and bacterial biofilm formation pose great challenges to biomedical implants. Although hydrophilic lubricated coatings and bacterial resistance coatings have been reported, the harsh and tedious synthesis greatly compromises their application, and more importantly, the bacterial resistance property has seldom been investigated in combination with the lubrication property. In this study, bioinspired by the performances of mussel and articular cartilage, we successfully synthesized self-adhesive lubricated coating and simultaneously achieved optimal lubrication and bacterial resistance properties. Additionally, we reported the mechanism of bacterial resistance on the nanoscale by studying the adhesion interactions between biomimetic coating and hydrophilic/hydrophobic tip or living bacteria via atomic force microscopy. In summary, the self-adhesive lubricated coating can effectively enhance lubrication and bacterial resistance performances based on hydration lubrication and hydration repulsion, and represent a universal and facial strategy for surface functionalization of biomedical implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Han
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Weiwei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yiwei Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Haimang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yulong Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yifei Zhang
- Central Laboratory, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Jing Luo
- Beijing Research Institute of Automation for Machinery Industry Co., Ltd, Beijing, 100120, China
| | - Hongyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
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9
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A biomimetic urethral model to evaluate urinary catheter lubricity and epithelial micro-trauma. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2020; 108:103792. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2020.103792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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10
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Liu S, Zhang Q, Han Y, Sun Y, Zhang Y, Zhang H. Bioinspired Surface Functionalization of Titanium Alloy for Enhanced Lubrication and Bacterial Resistance. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:13189-13195. [PMID: 31547644 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b02263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In clinics it is extremely important for implanted devices to achieve the property of enhanced lubrication and bacterial resistance; however, such a strategy has rarely been reported in previous literature. In the present study, a surface functionalization method, motivated by articular cartilage-inspired superlubrication and mussel-inspired adhesion, was proposed to modify titanium alloy (Ti6Al4V) using the copolymer (DMA-MPC) synthesized via free radical copolymerization. The copolymer-coated Ti6Al4V (Ti6Al4V@DMA-MPC) was evaluated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, water contact angle, and Raman spectra to confirm that the DMA-MPC copolymer was successfully coated onto the Ti6Al4V substrate. In addition, the tribological test, with the polystyrene microsphere and Ti6Al4V or Ti6Al4V@DMA-MPC as the tribopair, indicated that the friction coefficient was greatly reduced for Ti6Al4V@DMA-MPC. Furthermore, the bacterial resistance test showed that bacterial attachment was significantly inhibited for Ti6Al4V@DMA-MPC for the three types of bacteria tested. The enhanced lubrication and bacterial resistance of Ti6Al4V@DMA-MPC was due to the tenacious hydration shell formed surrounding the zwitterionic charges in the phosphorylcholine group of the DMA-MPC copolymer. In summary, a bioinspired surface functionalization strategy is developed in this study, which can act as a universal and promising method to achieve enhanced lubrication and bacterial resistance for biomedical implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sizhe Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology, Department of Mechanical Engineering , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Central Laboratory , Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology , Beijing 100081 , China
| | - Ying Han
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology, Department of Mechanical Engineering , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , China
| | - Yulong Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology, Department of Mechanical Engineering , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , China
| | - Yifei Zhang
- Central Laboratory , Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology , Beijing 100081 , China
| | - Hongyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology, Department of Mechanical Engineering , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , China
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11
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Wang C, Zolotarskaya O, Ashraf KM, Wen X, Ohman DE, Wynne KJ. Surface Characterization, Antimicrobial Effectiveness, and Human Cell Response for a Biomedical Grade Polyurethane Blended with a Mixed Soft Block PTMO-Quat/PEG Copolyoxetane Polyurethane. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:20699-20714. [PMID: 31117452 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b04697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Infection is a serious medical complication associated with health care environments. Despite advances, the 5-10% incidence of infections for hospital patients is well documented. Sources of pathogenic organisms include medical devices such as catheters and endotracheal tubes. Offering guidance for curbing the spread of such infections, a model antimicrobial coating is described herein that kills bacteria on contact but is compatible with human cells. To achieve these characteristics, a novel blend of a conventional biomedical grade polyurethane (Tecoflex) with mixed soft block polyurethane is described. The functional polyurethane (UP-C12-50-T) has a copolyoxetane soft block P-C12-50 with quaternary ammonium (C12) and PEG-like side chains and a conventional poly(tetramethylene oxide) (PTMO, T) soft block. DSC and DMA data point to limited miscibility of UP-C12-50-T with Tecoflex. The blend of Tecoflex with 10 wt % UP-C12-50-T designated UP-C12-50-T-10 radically changed surface properties. Evidence for surface concentration of the P-C12-50 soft block was obtained by atomic force microscopy (AFM), dynamic contact angles (DCAs), zeta potentials (ζ), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The antimicrobial effectiveness of the blend coatings was established by the ASTM E2149 "shake flask" test for challenges of E. coli and a methicillin resistant strain of S. epidermidis. Cytocompatibility was demonstrated with an in vitro test designed for direct contact (ISO 10993-5). Growth of human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) beside and under UP-C12-50-T-10 indicated remarkable biocompatibility for a composition that is also strongly antimicrobial. Overall, the results point to a model coating with a level of P-C12-50 that combines high antimicrobial effectiveness and low toxicity to human cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyu Wang
- Department of Chemical and Life Science Engineering , Virginia Commonwealth University , Biotech8, 737 North Fifth Street , Richmond , Virginia 23219 , United States
| | - Olga Zolotarskaya
- Department of Chemical and Life Science Engineering , Virginia Commonwealth University , Biotech8, 737 North Fifth Street , Richmond , Virginia 23219 , United States
| | - Kayesh M Ashraf
- Department of Chemical and Life Science Engineering , Virginia Commonwealth University , Biotech8, 737 North Fifth Street , Richmond , Virginia 23219 , United States
| | - Xuejun Wen
- Department of Chemical and Life Science Engineering , Virginia Commonwealth University , Biotech8, 737 North Fifth Street , Richmond , Virginia 23219 , United States
- Institute for Engineering and Medicine, Department of Chemical and Life Science Engineering , Virginia Commonwealth University , 601 West Main Street, Room # 403 , Richmond , Virginia 23284-3028 , United States
| | - Dennis E Ohman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology , VCU School of Medicine , 1101 East Marshall Street , Richmond , Virginia 23298 , United States
- McGuire Veterans Affairs Medical Center , Richmond , Virginia 23249 , United States
| | - Kenneth J Wynne
- Department of Chemical and Life Science Engineering , Virginia Commonwealth University , Biotech8, 737 North Fifth Street , Richmond , Virginia 23219 , United States
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