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Alikhani E, Mohammadi M. EVA and SEBS-MA copolymers incorporated silicone rubber/SEBS blends: improvement of mechanical and thermal properties. Sci Rep 2023; 13:22596. [PMID: 38114654 PMCID: PMC10730837 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-49796-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Enhancing the mechanical and thermal properties of Silicone rubber (SR)/SEBS blends using various compatibilizers opens the opportunity for such new blends to meet the market desire. For this purpose, blends with a 1:1 ratio of SR and SEBS are prepared with different amounts of EVA or SEBS-MA copolymers as compatibilizer. Mechanical properties of the blend are enhanced by adding EVA and SEBS-MA. Addition of 6 phr EVA profoundly improves the tensile strength from 7.70 to 10.06 MPa. Thermogravimetric analysis reveals that the presence of compatibilizer can improve the thermal stability of the blend, especially its initial degradation temperature (T5%). T5% of the blend increases from 376 to 390 °C when comprising 6 phr SEBS-MA. Morphology of the blends is investigated using SEM and AFM. Results of the relaxation modulus curves obtained by rubber process analyzer (RPA) demonstrate that the amount of relaxation in the uncured blends is higher than the cured ones. A comparison of the relaxation of the blends indicates that the relaxation modulus of the SEBS-MA compatibilized blends is enhanced more than other blends after curing. Further investigations indicate that the compatibilized blends exhibit higher tear energy and lower compression set.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehsan Alikhani
- Department of Polymer Engineering, Qom University of Technology, Qom, 3718146645, Iran
| | - Mohsen Mohammadi
- Department of Polymer Engineering, Qom University of Technology, Qom, 3718146645, Iran.
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2
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Liu YQ, Wang ZW, Hu CY. Progress in research on the safety of silicone rubber products in food processing. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2023; 22:2887-2909. [PMID: 37183940 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.13165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Silicone rubber (SR) is widely used in the food processing industry due to its excellent physical and chemical properties. However, due to the differences in SR product production formulas and processes, the quality of commercially available SR products varies greatly, with chemical and biological hazard potentials. Residual chemicals in SR, such as siloxane oligomers and 2,4-dichlorobenzoic acid, are non-intentionally added substances, which may migrate into food during processing so the safe use of SR must be guaranteed. Simultaneously, SR in contact with food is susceptible to pathogenic bacteria growing and biofilm formation, like Cronobacter sakazakii, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella enteritidis, and Listeria monocytogenes, posing a food safety risk. Under severe usage scenarios such as high-temperature, high-pressure, microwave, and freezing environments with long-term use, SR products are more prone to aging, and their degradation products may pose potential food safety hazards. Based on the goal of ensuring food quality and safety to the greatest extent possible, this review suggests that enterprises need to prepare high-quality food-contact SR products by optimizing the manufacturing formula and production process, and developing products with antibacterial and antiaging properties. The government departments should establish quality standards for food-contact SR products and conduct effective supervision. Besides, the reusable SR products should be cleaned by consumers immediately after use, and the deteriorated products should be replaced as soon as possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Qi Liu
- Department of Food Science & Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhi-Wei Wang
- Packaging Engineering Institute, Jinan University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
| | - Chang-Ying Hu
- Department of Food Science & Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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Marmo AC, Grunlan MA. Biomedical Silicones: Leveraging Additive Strategies to Propel Modern Utility. ACS Macro Lett 2023; 12:172-182. [PMID: 36669481 PMCID: PMC10848296 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.2c00701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Silicones have a long history of use in biomedical devices, with unique properties stemming from the siloxane (Si-O-Si) backbone that feature a high degree of flexibility and chemical stability. However, surface, rheological, mechanical, and electrical properties of silicones can limit their utility. Successful modification of silicones to address these limitations could lead to superior and new biomedical devices. Toward improving such properties, recent additive strategies have been leveraged to modify biomedical silicones and are highlighted herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alec C. Marmo
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering Texas
A&M University, College
Station, Texas 77843-3003, United States
| | - Melissa A. Grunlan
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Materials Science and Engineering,
Department of Chemistry Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-3003, United
States
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Civera M, Devietti Goggia E, De Ros M, Burgio V, Bergamin F, Rodriguez Reinoso M, Surace C. Implantable medical devices for tendon and ligament repair: a review of patents and commercial products. Expert Rev Med Devices 2022; 19:825-845. [DOI: 10.1080/17434440.2022.2142557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Civera
- Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Nanomechanics, Department of Structural, Building and Geotechnical Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Ester Devietti Goggia
- Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Nanomechanics, Department of Structural, Building and Geotechnical Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Matteo De Ros
- Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Nanomechanics, Department of Structural, Building and Geotechnical Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Vito Burgio
- Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Nanomechanics, Department of Structural, Building and Geotechnical Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Federica Bergamin
- Department of Hand, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Ivrea Hospital, Ivrea, Italy
| | - Mariana Rodriguez Reinoso
- Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Nanomechanics, Department of Structural, Building and Geotechnical Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Cecilia Surace
- Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Nanomechanics, Department of Structural, Building and Geotechnical Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy
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Preparation and study of mechanical and thermal properties of silicone rubber/poly(styrene–ethylene butylene–styrene) triblock copolymer blends. Polym Bull (Berl) 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-022-04440-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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Feng D, Zhang X, Yuan H, Li X, Fan X. Identification, migration, and childhood exposure of methylsiloxanes in silicone infant bottle nipples marketed in China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 829:154449. [PMID: 35276138 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Revised: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The analysis, migration, and childhood exposure of methylsiloxanes (MSs) in 32 silicone infant bottle nipples marketed in China were studied. Thirty types of MSs in two families, which included 11 linear MSs (LMSs, L4-L14) and 19 cyclic MSs (CMSs, D4-D22), were identified using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) associated with standards, retention index, and carbon number rule. In 32 nipples, MSs with molecular weight < 1000 Da and CMSs were predominant. Considering the actual daily use of bottle nipples, the migration tests of MSs from nipples to artificial saliva and reconstituted powdered formula were performed. In particular, the orthogonal test design-QuEChERS-GC/MS was employed to detect MSs in formula. The median migration level of ΣMSs (MW < 1000 Da) in formula was 950.9 ng/mL, which was much higher than that in artificial saliva (98.1 ng/mL). If formula is fed to children aged 3-36 months using bottle nipples according to product instructions, the daily oral exposure to ΣMSs (MW < 1000) for children ranged from 52 to 146 μg/kg bw-day, which were two to five orders of magnitude higher than those of other exposure pathways. In sum, oral intake (especially through formula) may be the predominant pathway of exposure of MSs in children. This research enhances our understanding of the oral exposure risks of MSs and provides useful information that could aid the development of risk management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Feng
- School of Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China.
| | - XiRong Zhang
- School of Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
| | - Hang Yuan
- School of Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
| | - XueYan Li
- School of Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
| | - XiaoJie Fan
- School of Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
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Radu ER, Panaitescu DM, Andrei L, Ciuprina F, Nicolae CA, Gabor AR, Truşcă R. Properties of Polysiloxane/Nanosilica Nanodielectrics for Wearable Electronic Devices. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 12:nano12010095. [PMID: 35010043 PMCID: PMC8746963 DOI: 10.3390/nano12010095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Polymer nanodielectrics characterized by good flexibility, processability, low dielectric loss and high dielectric permittivity are materials of interest for wearable electronic devices and intelligent textiles, and are highly in demand in robotics. In this study, an easily scalable and environmentally friendly method was applied to obtain polysiloxane/nanosilica nanocomposites with a large content of nanofiller, of up to 30% by weight. Nanosilica was dispersed both as individual particles and as agglomerates; in nanocomposites with a lower amount of filler, the former prevailed, and at over 20 wt% nanosilica the agglomerates predominated. An improvement of both the tensile strength and modulus was observed for nanocomposites with 5–15 wt% nanosilica, and a strong increase of the storage modulus was observed with the increase of nanofiller concentration. Furthermore, an increase of the storage modulus of up to seven times was observed in the nanocomposites with 30 wt% nanosilica. The tensile modulus was well fitted by models that consider the aggregation of nanoparticles and the role of the interface. The dielectric spectra showed an increase of the real part of the complex relative permittivity with 33% for 30 wt% nanosilica in nanocomposites at a frequency of 1 KHz, whereas the loss tangent values were lower than 0.02 for all tested nanodielectrics in the radio frequency range between 1 KHz and 1 MHz. The polysiloxane–nanosilica nanocomposites developed in this work showed good flexibility; however, they also showed increased stiffness along with a stronger dielectric response than the unfilled polysiloxane, which recommends them as dielectric substrates for wearable electronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Ruxandra Radu
- National Institute for R&D in Chemistry and Petrochemistry ICECHIM, 202 Spl. Indendentei, 060021 Bucharest, Romania; (E.R.R.); (C.A.N.); (A.R.G.)
| | - Denis Mihaela Panaitescu
- National Institute for R&D in Chemistry and Petrochemistry ICECHIM, 202 Spl. Indendentei, 060021 Bucharest, Romania; (E.R.R.); (C.A.N.); (A.R.G.)
- Correspondence: (D.M.P.); (F.C.)
| | - Laura Andrei
- ELMAT Laboratory, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 313 Spl. Indendentei, 060042 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Florin Ciuprina
- ELMAT Laboratory, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 313 Spl. Indendentei, 060042 Bucharest, Romania;
- Correspondence: (D.M.P.); (F.C.)
| | - Cristian Andi Nicolae
- National Institute for R&D in Chemistry and Petrochemistry ICECHIM, 202 Spl. Indendentei, 060021 Bucharest, Romania; (E.R.R.); (C.A.N.); (A.R.G.)
| | - Augusta Raluca Gabor
- National Institute for R&D in Chemistry and Petrochemistry ICECHIM, 202 Spl. Indendentei, 060021 Bucharest, Romania; (E.R.R.); (C.A.N.); (A.R.G.)
| | - Roxana Truşcă
- National Research Centre for Micro and Nanomaterials, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 313 Spl. Indendentei, 060042 Bucharest, Romania;
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Yang X, Jiang Z, Liu H, Zhang H, Xu X, Shang S, Song Z. Performance improvement of rosin-based room temperature vulcanized silicone rubber using nanofiller fumed silica. Polym Degrad Stab 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2020.109422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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