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Quinaz T, Freire TF, Olmos A, Martins M, Ferreira FBN, de Moura MFSM, Zille A, Nguyễn Q, Xavier J, Dourado N. The Influence of Hydroxyapatite Crystals on the Viscoelastic Behavior of Poly(vinyl alcohol) Braid Systems. Biomimetics (Basel) 2024; 9:93. [PMID: 38392139 PMCID: PMC10886535 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics9020093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Composites of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) in the shape of braids, in combination with crystals of hydroxyapatite (HAp), were analyzed to perceive the influence of this bioceramic on both the quasi-static and viscoelastic behavior under tensile loading. Analyses involving energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) allowed us to conclude that the production of a homogeneous layer of HAp on the braiding surface and the calcium/phosphate atomic ratio were comparable to those of natural bone. The maximum degradation temperature established by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) showed a modest decrease with the addition of HAp. By adding HAp to PVA braids, an increase in the glass transition temperature (Tg) is noticed, as demonstrated by dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) and differential thermal analysis (DTA). The PVA/HAp composite braids' peaks were validated by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy to be in good agreement with common PVA and HAp patterns. PVA/HAp braids, a solution often used in the textile industry, showed superior overall mechanical characteristics in monotonic tensile tests. Creep and relaxation testing showed that adding HAp to the eight and six-braided yarn architectures was beneficial. By exhibiting good mechanical performance and most likely increased biological qualities that accompany conventional care for bone applications in the fracture healing field, particularly multifragmentary ones, these arrangements can be applied as a fibrous fixation system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago Quinaz
- CMEMS-UMinho, Departamento de Engenharia Mecânica, Campus de Azurém, Universidade do Minho, 4804-533 Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Tânia F Freire
- CMEMS-UMinho, Departamento de Engenharia Mecânica, Campus de Azurém, Universidade do Minho, 4804-533 Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Andrea Olmos
- CMEMS-UMinho, Departamento de Engenharia Mecânica, Campus de Azurém, Universidade do Minho, 4804-533 Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Marcos Martins
- INESC TEC, R. Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Fernando B N Ferreira
- 2C2T-Centro de Ciência e Tecnologia Têxtil, Departamento de Engenharia Têxtil, Campus de Azurém, Universidade do Minho, 4804-533 Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Marcelo F S M de Moura
- Departamento de Engenharia Mecânica, Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto, 4200-464 Porto, Portugal
| | - Andrea Zille
- 2C2T-Centro de Ciência e Tecnologia Têxtil, Departamento de Engenharia Têxtil, Campus de Azurém, Universidade do Minho, 4804-533 Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Quyền Nguyễn
- 2C2T-Centro de Ciência e Tecnologia Têxtil, Departamento de Engenharia Têxtil, Campus de Azurém, Universidade do Minho, 4804-533 Guimarães, Portugal
| | - José Xavier
- UNIDEMI, Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
- LASI, Intelligent Systems Associate Laboratory, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Nuno Dourado
- CMEMS-UMinho, Departamento de Engenharia Mecânica, Campus de Azurém, Universidade do Minho, 4804-533 Guimarães, Portugal
- LABBELS-Laboratório Associado, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
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Li TT, Wang S, Li J, Zhang Y, Liu X, Liu L, Peng HK, Ren HT, Ling L, Lin JH, Lou CW. Braided scaffolds with polypyrrole/polydopamine/hydroxyapatite coatings with electrical conductivity and osteogenic properties for bone tissue engineering. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE. POLYMER EDITION 2023; 34:2498-2515. [PMID: 37795599 DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2023.2265134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
When impaired bones are grafted with bone scaffolds, the behaviors of osteoblast are dependent on the implant materials and surface morphology. To this end, we modulated the surface morphology of scaffolds that promote cell growth. In this study, ice-template and spraying method methods are employed to coat different proportions of PDA and PPy over the PLA/PVA weaving scaffolds, after which HA is Coated over via the electrochemical deposition, forming weaving scaffolds with electrically conductive PDA/PPy/HA coating. The test results indicate that with a PPy/PDA concentration ratio is 30, the PPy particles are more uniformly distributed on the fiber surface. The scaffolds are wrapped in a HA coating layer with a high purity, and calcium and phosphorus elements are evenly dispersed with a Ca/P ratio being 1.69. Owing to the synergistic effect between PDA and PPy coating, the scaffolds demonstrate excellent electrochemical stability and electrochemical activity. The biological activity of the scaffold increased to 274.66% under electrical stimulation. The new thinking proposed by this study extends the worth of applying textile structure to the medical field, the application of which highly increases the prospect of bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Ting Li
- School of Textile Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin, China
- Innovation Platform of Intelligent and Energy-Saving Textiles, School of Textile Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin and Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Composite Materials, Tiangong University, Tianjin, China
| | - Shiqi Wang
- School of Textile Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jiaxin Li
- School of Textile Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- School of Textile Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xing Liu
- School of Textile Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin, China
- Innovation Platform of Intelligent and Energy-Saving Textiles, School of Textile Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin, China
| | - Liyan Liu
- School of Textile Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin, China
- Innovation Platform of Intelligent and Energy-Saving Textiles, School of Textile Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin, China
| | - Hao-Kai Peng
- School of Textile Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin, China
- Innovation Platform of Intelligent and Energy-Saving Textiles, School of Textile Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin and Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Composite Materials, Tiangong University, Tianjin, China
| | - Hai-Tao Ren
- School of Textile Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin, China
- Innovation Platform of Intelligent and Energy-Saving Textiles, School of Textile Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin and Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Composite Materials, Tiangong University, Tianjin, China
| | - Lei Ling
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Ceramics and Machining Technology of Ministry of Education, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jia-Horng Lin
- School of Textile Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin and Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Composite Materials, Tiangong University, Tianjin, China
- College of Material and Chemical Engineering, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, China
- Department of Bioinformatics and Medical Engineering, Asia University, Taichung City, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital China Medica University, Taichung City, Taiwan
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Novel Functional Fibers and Materials, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, China
- Advanced Medical Care and Protection Technology Research Center, Department of Fiber and Composite Materials, Feng Chia University, Taichung City, Taiwan
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Wen Lou
- School of Textile Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin and Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Composite Materials, Tiangong University, Tianjin, China
- College of Material and Chemical Engineering, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, China
- Department of Bioinformatics and Medical Engineering, Asia University, Taichung City, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital China Medica University, Taichung City, Taiwan
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Novel Functional Fibers and Materials, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, China
- Advanced Medical Care and Protection Technology Research Center, Department of Fiber and Composite Materials, Feng Chia University, Taichung City, Taiwan
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan
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3
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Wang S, Zhang Y, Peng HK, Ren HT, Lin JH, Liu X, Lou CW, Li TT. Synthesis of scale-like nano-hydroxyapatite and preparation of biodegradable woven scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. Biomed Mater 2023; 18:065024. [PMID: 37908154 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/ad0273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
Bone tissue engineering scaffolds should have bone compatibility, biological activity, porosity, and degradability. In this study, flake-like hydroxyapatite was synthesized by hydrothermal method and mixed with sodium alginate to make a gel, which was injected into a hollow braid. Porous and degradable SA/n-Hap woven scaffolds were prepared by freeze-drying technology. The morphology of hydroxyapatite was characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and x-ray diffraction. The scaffolds were characterized by an improved liquid replacement method, compression test, and degradation test. The results showed that the hydroxyapatite synthesized at 160 °C had a scaly morphology. The prepared scaffold had a pore size of 5-100 μm, a porosity of 60%-70%, and a swelling rate of more than 300%. After 21 d the degradation rate reached 5.54%, and a cell survival rate of 214.98%. In summary, it is feasible to prepare porous bone scaffolds for potential bone tissue engineering. This study shows the feasibility of applying textile structures to the field of tissue scaffolds and provides a new idea for the application structure of tissue engineering scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiqi Wang
- School of Textile Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Zhang
- School of Textile Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao-Kai Peng
- School of Textile Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, People's Republic of China
- Innovation Platform of Intelligent and Energy-Saving Textiles, School of Textile Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, People's Republic of China
| | - Hai-Tao Ren
- School of Textile Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, People's Republic of China
- Innovation Platform of Intelligent and Energy-Saving Textiles, School of Textile Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia-Horng Lin
- College of Material and Chemical Engineering, Minjiang University, Fuzhou 350108, People's Republic of China
- Department of Bioinformatics and Medical Engineering, Asia University, Taichung City 413305, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research China Medical University Hospital China Medica University, Taichung City 404333, Taiwan
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Novel Functional Fibers and Materials, Minjiang University, Fuzhou 350108, People's Republic of China
- Advanced Medical Care and Protection Technology Research Center, Department of Fiber and Composite Materials, Feng Chia University, Taichung City 407102, Taiwan
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung City 404333, Taiwan
| | - Xing Liu
- School of Textile Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, People's Republic of China
- Innovation Platform of Intelligent and Energy-Saving Textiles, School of Textile Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, People's Republic of China
| | - Ching-Wen Lou
- School of Textile Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, People's Republic of China
- College of Material and Chemical Engineering, Minjiang University, Fuzhou 350108, People's Republic of China
- Department of Bioinformatics and Medical Engineering, Asia University, Taichung City 413305, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research China Medical University Hospital China Medica University, Taichung City 404333, Taiwan
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Novel Functional Fibers and Materials, Minjiang University, Fuzhou 350108, People's Republic of China
- Advanced Medical Care and Protection Technology Research Center, Department of Fiber and Composite Materials, Feng Chia University, Taichung City 407102, Taiwan
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung City 404333, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Ting Li
- School of Textile Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, People's Republic of China
- Innovation Platform of Intelligent and Energy-Saving Textiles, School of Textile Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, People's Republic of China
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4
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Alavi MS, Memarpour S, Pazhohan-Nezhad H, Salimi Asl A, Moghbeli M, Shadmanfar S, Saburi E. Applications of poly(lactic acid) in bone tissue engineering: A review article. Artif Organs 2023; 47:1423-1430. [PMID: 37475653 DOI: 10.1111/aor.14612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bone tissue engineering is a promising approach to large-scale bone regeneration. This involves the use of an artificial extracellular matrix or scaffold and osteoblasts to promote osteogenesis and ossification at defect sites. Scaffolds are constructed using biomaterials that typically have properties similar to those of natural bone. METHOD In this study, which is a review of the literature, various evidences have been discussed in the field of Poly Lactic acid (PLA) polymer application and modifications made on it in order to induce osteogenesis and repair bone lesions. RESULTS PLA is a synthetic aliphatic polymer that has been extensively used for scaffold construction in bone tissue engineering owing to its good processability, biocompatibility, and flexibility in design. However, PLA has some drawbacks, including low osteoconductivity, low cellular adhesion, and the possibility of inflammatory reactions owing to acidic discharge in a living environment. To overcome these issues, a combination of PLA and other biomaterials has been introduced. CONCLUSIONS This short review discusses PLA's characteristics of PLA, its applications in bone regeneration, and its combination with other biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahya Sadat Alavi
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Sara Memarpour
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Ali Salimi Asl
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Meysam Moghbeli
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Soraya Shadmanfar
- Health Research Center, Life Style Institute, Department of Rheumatology, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ehsan Saburi
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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5
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Biodegradable polymeric conduits: Platform materials for guided nerve regeneration and vascular tissue engineering. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2021.103014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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6
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Freire TF, Quinaz T, Fertuzinhos A, Quyền NT, de Moura MFSM, Martins M, Zille A, Dourado N. Thermal, Mechanical and Chemical Analysis of Poly(vinyl alcohol) Multifilament and Braided Yarns. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13213644. [PMID: 34771201 PMCID: PMC8588446 DOI: 10.3390/polym13213644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) in multifilament and braided yarns (BY) forms presents great potential for the design of numerous applications. However, such solutions fail to accomplish their requirements if the chemical and thermomechanical behaviour is not sufficiently known. Hence, a comprehensive characterisation of PVA multifilament and three BY architectures (6, 8, and 10 yarns) was performed involving the application of several techniques to evaluate the morphological, chemical, thermal, and mechanical features of those structures. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to reveal structural and morphological information. Differential thermal analysis (DTA) pointed out the glass transition temperature of PVA at 76 °C and the corresponding crystalline melting point at 210 °C. PVA BY exhibited higher tensile strength under monotonic quasi-static loading in comparison to their multifilament forms. Creep tests demonstrated that 6BY structures present the most deformable behaviour, while 8BY structures are the least deformable. Relaxation tests showed that 8BY architecture presents a more expressive variation of tensile stress, while 10BY offered the least. Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) revealed storage and loss moduli curves with similar transition peaks for the tested structures, except for the 10BY. Storage modulus is always four to six times higher than the loss modulus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tania F. Freire
- CMEMS-UMinho, Departamento de Engenharia Mecânica, Campus de Azurém, Universidade do Minho, 4804-533 Guimarães, Portugal; (T.F.F.); (T.Q.); (A.F.); (M.M.)
| | - Tiago Quinaz
- CMEMS-UMinho, Departamento de Engenharia Mecânica, Campus de Azurém, Universidade do Minho, 4804-533 Guimarães, Portugal; (T.F.F.); (T.Q.); (A.F.); (M.M.)
| | - Aureliano Fertuzinhos
- CMEMS-UMinho, Departamento de Engenharia Mecânica, Campus de Azurém, Universidade do Minho, 4804-533 Guimarães, Portugal; (T.F.F.); (T.Q.); (A.F.); (M.M.)
| | - Nguyễn T. Quyền
- 2C2T-Centro de Ciência e Tecnologia Têxtil, Campus de Azurém, Universidade do Minho, 4804-533 Guimarães, Portugal; (N.T.Q.); (A.Z.)
| | - Marcelo F. S. M. de Moura
- Departamento de Engenharia Mecânica, Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto, 4200-464 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Marcos Martins
- CMEMS-UMinho, Departamento de Engenharia Mecânica, Campus de Azurém, Universidade do Minho, 4804-533 Guimarães, Portugal; (T.F.F.); (T.Q.); (A.F.); (M.M.)
| | - Andrea Zille
- 2C2T-Centro de Ciência e Tecnologia Têxtil, Campus de Azurém, Universidade do Minho, 4804-533 Guimarães, Portugal; (N.T.Q.); (A.Z.)
| | - Nuno Dourado
- CMEMS-UMinho, Departamento de Engenharia Mecânica, Campus de Azurém, Universidade do Minho, 4804-533 Guimarães, Portugal; (T.F.F.); (T.Q.); (A.F.); (M.M.)
- Correspondence:
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7
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Two-step strategy for constructing hierarchical pore structured chitosan–hydroxyapatite composite scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 260:117765. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.117765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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8
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Amini Moghaddam M, Di Martino A, Šopík T, Fei H, Císař J, Pummerová M, Sedlařík V. Polylactide/Polyvinylalcohol-Based Porous Bioscaffold Loaded with Gentamicin for Wound Dressing Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:921. [PMID: 33802770 PMCID: PMC8002437 DOI: 10.3390/polym13060921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
This study explores the feasibility of modifying the surface liquid spraying method to prepare porous bioscaffolds intended for wound dressing applications. For this purpose, gentamicin sulfate was loaded into polylactide-polyvinyl alcohol bioscaffolds as a highly soluble (hygroscopic) model drug for in vitro release study. Moreover, the influence of inorganic salts including NaCl (10 g/L) and KMnO4 (0.4 mg/L), and post-thermal treatment (T) (80 °C for 2 min) on the properties of the bioscaffolds were studied. The bioscaffolds were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy, and differential scanning calorimetry. In addition, other properties including porosity, swelling degree, water vapor transmission rate, entrapment efficiency, and the release of gentamicin sulfate were investigated. Results showed that high concentrations of NaCl (10 g/L) in the aqueous phase led to an increase of around 68% in the initial burst release due to the increase in porosity. In fact, porosity increased from 68.1 ± 1.2 to 94.1 ± 1.5. Moreover, the thermal treatment of the Polylactide-polyvinyl alcohol/NaCl (PLA-PVA/NaCl) bioscaffolds above glass transition temperature (Tg) reduced the initial burst release by approximately 11% and prolonged the release of the drug. These results suggest that thermal treatment of polymer above Tg can be an efficient approach for a sustained release.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Vladimír Sedlařík
- Centre of Polymer Systems, University Institute, Tomas Bata University in Zlin, tr. Tomase Bati 5678, 760 01 Zlin, Czech Republic; (M.A.M.); (A.D.M.); (T.Š.); (H.F.); (J.C.); (M.P.)
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9
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Cheng Y, Hu Y, Xu M, Qin M, Lan W, Huang D, Wei Y, Chen W. High strength polyvinyl alcohol/polyacrylic acid (PVA/PAA) hydrogel fabricated by Cold-Drawn method for cartilage tissue substitutes. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE-POLYMER EDITION 2020; 31:1836-1851. [PMID: 32529914 DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2020.1782023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) hydrogel has been considered as promising cartilage replacement materials due to its excellent characteristics such as high water content, low frictional behavior and excellent biocompatibility. However, lack of sufficient mechanical properties and cytocompatibility are two key obstacles for PVA hydrogel to be applied as cartilage substitutes. Herein, Polyacrylic acid (PAA) has been introduced into PVA hydrogel to balance these problems. Compared with pure PVA hydrogel, PVA/PAA hydrogel has the equal excellent biocompatibility, and its cell adhesion is significantly improved. In order to further improve the mechanical properties of hydrogels, Cold-Drawn treatment of hydrogels is performed in this paper. Compared to pure 12% PVA hydrogel, 40.8-fold, 50.8-fold, and 46.8-fold increase in tensile strength, tensile modulus, and toughness, respectively, which can be obtained from 12% PVA/PAA Cold-Drawn hydrogel. These biocompatible composite hydrogels have a great application potential as cartilage tissue substitutes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yizhu Cheng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Research Center for Nano-biomaterials & Regenerative Medicine, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, PR China
| | - Yinchun Hu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Research Center for Nano-biomaterials & Regenerative Medicine, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, PR China
| | - Mengjie Xu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Research Center for Nano-biomaterials & Regenerative Medicine, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, PR China
| | - Miao Qin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Research Center for Nano-biomaterials & Regenerative Medicine, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, PR China
| | - Weiwei Lan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Research Center for Nano-biomaterials & Regenerative Medicine, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, PR China.,Shanxi Key Laboratory of Material Strength & Structural Impact, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, PR China
| | - Di Huang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Research Center for Nano-biomaterials & Regenerative Medicine, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, PR China.,Shanxi Key Laboratory of Material Strength & Structural Impact, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, PR China
| | - Yan Wei
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Research Center for Nano-biomaterials & Regenerative Medicine, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, PR China
| | - Weiyi Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Research Center for Nano-biomaterials & Regenerative Medicine, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, PR China.,Shanxi Key Laboratory of Material Strength & Structural Impact, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, PR China
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