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Richhariya V, Miranda G, Silva FS. An Experimental Parametric Optimisation for Laser Engraving and Texturing to Integrate Zirconia Ceramic Blocks into Stainless Steel Cutlery: A State-of-the-Art Aesthetically Improved Perspective. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:2452. [PMID: 38793516 PMCID: PMC11122865 DOI: 10.3390/ma17102452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Cutlery and flatware designs are an everchanging phenomenon of the manufacturing industry. Worldwide hospitality businesses demand perpetual evolution in terms of aesthetics, designs, patterns, colours, and materials due to customers' demands, modernisation, and fierce competition. To thrive in this competitive market, modern fabrication techniques must be flexible, adoptive, fast, and cost effective. For decades, static designs and trademark patterns were achieved through moulds, limiting production to a single cutlery type per mould. However, with the advent of laser engraving and design systems, the whole business of cutlery production has been revolutionised. This study explores the possibility of creating diverse designs for stainless steel 304 flatware sets without changing the entire production process. The research analyses three key laser process parameters, power, scanning speed, and number of passes, and their impacts on the resulting geometry, depth of cut, surface roughness, and material removed. These parameters are comprehensively studied and analysed for steel and zirconia ceramic. The study details the effects of power, scanning speed, number of passages, and fluence on engraved geometry. Fluence (power*number of passages/scanning speed) positively influences outputs and presents a positive trend. Medium power settings and higher scanning speeds with the maximum number of passages produce high-quality, low-roughness optimised cavities with the ideal geometric accuracy for both materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vipin Richhariya
- Center for MicroElectroMechanical Systems (CMEMS-UMinho), Campus de Azurém, University of Minho, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal;
| | - Georgina Miranda
- CICECO, Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Materials and Ceramic Engineering, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal;
| | - Filipe Samuel Silva
- Center for MicroElectroMechanical Systems (CMEMS-UMinho), Campus de Azurém, University of Minho, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal;
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Zhou T, Hao J, Tang Q, Chandarajoti K, Ye W, Fan C, Wang X, Wang C, Zhang K, Han X, Zhou W, Ge Y. Antimicrobial activity and structure-activity relationships of molecules containing mono- or di- or oligosaccharides: An update. Bioorg Chem 2024; 148:107406. [PMID: 38728907 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2024.107406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Bacterial infections are the second leading cause of death worldwide, and the evolution and widespread distribution of antibiotic-resistance elements in bacterial pathogens exacerbate the threat crisis. Carbohydrates participate in bacterial infection, drug resistance and the process of host immune regulation. Numerous antimicrobials derived from carbohydrates or contained carbohydrate scaffolds that are conducive to an increase in pathogenic bacteria targeting, the physicochemical properties and druggability profiles. In the paper, according to the type and number of sugar residues contained in antimicrobial molecules collected from the literatures ranging from 2014 to 2024, the antimicrobial activities, action mechanisms and structure-activity relationships were delineated and summarized, for purpose to provide the guiding template to select the type and size of sugars in the design of oligosaccharide-based antimicrobials to fight the looming antibiotic resistance crisis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiantian Zhou
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, E. 280, University town, Waihuan Rd, Panyu, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China; Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 200241, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiongkai Hao
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 200241, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Veterinary Chemical Drugs and Pharmaceutics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Qun Tang
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 200241, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Veterinary Chemical Drugs and Pharmaceutics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Kasemsiri Chandarajoti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90112, Thailand; Drug Delivery System Excellence Center, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University, Hat‑Yai, Songkhla, 90112, Thailand
| | - Wenchong Ye
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 200241, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Veterinary Chemical Drugs and Pharmaceutics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Chuangchuang Fan
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 200241, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Veterinary Chemical Drugs and Pharmaceutics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Xiaoyang Wang
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 200241, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Veterinary Chemical Drugs and Pharmaceutics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Chunmei Wang
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 200241, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Veterinary Chemical Drugs and Pharmaceutics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Keyu Zhang
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 200241, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Veterinary Chemical Drugs and Pharmaceutics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Xiangan Han
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 200241, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Veterinary Chemical Drugs and Pharmaceutics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Wen Zhou
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 200241, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Veterinary Chemical Drugs and Pharmaceutics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, China.
| | - Yuewei Ge
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, E. 280, University town, Waihuan Rd, Panyu, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China.
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Sanaullah I, Khan HN, Sajjad A, Khan S, Sabri AN, Naseem S, Riaz S. Improved osteointegration response using high strength perovskite BaTiO 3 coatings prepared by chemical bath deposition. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2023; 138:105635. [PMID: 36603524 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2022.105635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
A wide range of bioactive materials have been investigated for tissue engineering and regeneration. Barium titanate is a promising smart material to be used as scaffold for bone tissue engineering. Barium titanate coatings are prepared in the present study using chemical bath deposition technique. Coatings are prepared at room temperature with the variation in solution molarity from 0.1 to 1.2 M. Perovskite tetragonal phase is observed after annealing the samples at 300 °C using 1.0-1.2 M solutions. Normal-anomalous dielectric response is observed for annealed coatings. Maximum transmission of ∼55% and ∼82% is observed under as-prepared and annealed coatings, respectivly. Variation in direct band gap, i.e. 3.45-3.64 eV, is observed with varying molarity. High hardness of the coatings (∼1180 HV) is observed at 1.2M with fracture toughness of ∼22 MPam-1/2. Biodegradation studies show smaller values of weight loss even after immersion in simulated body fluid (SBF) after 26 weeks. Barium titanate coatings also show high antioxidant activity. BaTiO3's antibacterial reaction is evaluated against microorganisms such as Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus. Antibacterial activity shows highest zone of inhibition (∼31 mm) against Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. Quantitative real-time PCR is used to assess the gene expression profile in cultivated cells. Thus, coatings produced without the use of hazardous solvents/reagents utilizing CBD technique are a potential material for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ifra Sanaullah
- Centre of Excellence in Solid State Physics, University of the Punjab, Lahore, 54590, Pakistan
| | - Hera N Khan
- Centre of Excellence in Solid State Physics, University of the Punjab, Lahore, 54590, Pakistan; Institute of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Amna Sajjad
- Department of Zoology, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Sidra Khan
- Centre of Excellence in Solid State Physics, University of the Punjab, Lahore, 54590, Pakistan
| | - Anjum N Sabri
- Institute of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Shahzad Naseem
- Centre of Excellence in Solid State Physics, University of the Punjab, Lahore, 54590, Pakistan
| | - Saira Riaz
- Centre of Excellence in Solid State Physics, University of the Punjab, Lahore, 54590, Pakistan.
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Khan HN, Imran M, Sanaullah I, Ullah Khan I, Sabri AN, Naseem S, Riaz S. In Vivo biodistribution, antioxidant and hemolysis tendency of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles – potential anticancer agents. ARAB J CHEM 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2023.104602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
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Bayat M, Adibi H, Barzegar A, Rezaei SM. Experimental and numerical investigation of heat generation and surface integrity of ZrO2 bioceramics in grinding process under MQL condition. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2022; 131:105226. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2022.105226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Ashraf H, Anjum T, Riaz S, Batool T, Naseem S, Li G. Sustainable synthesis of microwave-assisted IONPs using Spinacia oleracea L. for control of fungal wilt by modulating the defense system in tomato plants. J Nanobiotechnology 2022; 20:8. [PMID: 34983521 PMCID: PMC8725286 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-021-01204-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Changing climate enhances the survival of pests and pathogens, which eventually affects crop yield and reduces its economic value. Novel approaches should be employed to ensure sustainable food security. Nano-based agri-chemicals provide a distinctive mechanism to increase productivity and manage phytopathogens, with minimal environmental distress. In vitro and in greenhouse studies were conducted to evaluate the potential of green-synthesized iron-oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) in suppressing wilt infection caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycospersici, and improving tomato growth (Solanum lycopersicum) and fruit quality. RESULTS Various microwave powers (100-1000 W) were used to modulate the properties of the green-synthesized IONPs, using spinach as a starting material. The IONPs stabilized with black coffee extract were substantively characterized using X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, dielectric and impedance spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM and TEM, respectively), and magnetization analysis. XRD revealed a cubic magnetite (Fe3O4) phase with super-paramagnetic nature, detected at all microwave powers. The binding energies of Fe 2p3/2 (710.9 eV) and Fe 2p1/2 (724.5 eV) of Fe3O4 NPs were confirmed using XPS analysis at a microwave power of 1000 W. Uniform, spherical/cubical-shaped particles with an average diameter of 4 nm were confirmed using SEM and TEM analysis. A significant reduction in mycelial growth and spore germination was observed upon exposure to different IONP treatments. Malformed mycelium, DNA fragmentation, alternation in the cell membrane, and ROS production in F. oxysporum indicated the anti-microbial potential of the IONPs. The particles were applied both through the root (before transplantation) and by means of foliar application (after two weeks) to the infected seedlings. IONPs significantly reduced disease severity by an average of 47.8%, resulting in increased plant growth variables after exposure to 12.5 µg/mL of IONPs. Analysis of photosynthetic pigments, phenolic compounds, and anti-oxidant enzymes in the roots and shoots showed an increasing trend after exposure to various concentrations of IONPs. Correspondingly, lycopene, vitamin C, total flavonoids, and protein content were substantially improved in tomato fruits after treatment with IONPs. CONCLUSION The findings of the current investigation suggested that the synthesized IONPs display anti-fungal and nutritional properties that can help to manage Fusarium wilt disease, resulting in enhanced plant growth and fruit quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hina Ashraf
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for New Technology Research of Vegetables/Vegetable Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
- Centre of Excellence in Solid-State-Physics, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Tehmina Anjum
- Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Saira Riaz
- Centre of Excellence in Solid-State-Physics, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Tanzeela Batool
- Centre of Excellence in Solid-State-Physics, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Shahzad Naseem
- Centre of Excellence in Solid-State-Physics, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Guihua Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for New Technology Research of Vegetables/Vegetable Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
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Gąsiorek J, Mazur-Nowacka A, Szczurek A, Babiarczuk B, Tic WJ, Guziałowska-Tic J, Kaleta J, Krzak J. Influence of Zirconia and Organic Additives on Mechanical and Electrochemical Properties of Silica Sol-Gel Coatings. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 14:2389. [PMID: 34064371 PMCID: PMC8124161 DOI: 10.3390/ma14092389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents the result of the investigation of organically modified silica (ORMOSIL)-zirconia coatings used to enhance their protective properties, namely corrosion and scratch resistance. Two different materials, i.e., SiO2/ZrO2 and SiO2/GPTMS/ZrO2, were synthesized, measured, and analyzed to find the difference in the used organosilane precursor (dimethyldiethoxysilane and (3-glycidoxypropyl)trimethoxysilane, respectively). SiO2/ZrO2 coatings showed higher hardness than SiO2/GPTMS/ZrO2. Moreover, the value of polarization resistance (Rp) for SiO2/GPTMS/ZrO2 coated 316L steel relative to the uncoated one was obtained. It was nearly 84 times higher. The coating delamination was observed with load 16N. Additionally, the corrosion mitigation for 316L coated by SiO2/GPTMS/ZrO2 was observed even after extended exposure to corrosion agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jolanta Gąsiorek
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Smoluchowskiego 25, 50-372 Wroclaw, Poland; (A.S.); (B.B.); (J.K.)
| | - Anna Mazur-Nowacka
- Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Smoluchowskiego 25, 50-372 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Anna Szczurek
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Smoluchowskiego 25, 50-372 Wroclaw, Poland; (A.S.); (B.B.); (J.K.)
| | - Bartosz Babiarczuk
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Smoluchowskiego 25, 50-372 Wroclaw, Poland; (A.S.); (B.B.); (J.K.)
| | - Wilhelm Jan Tic
- West Technology & Trading Polska, Sp. z o.o., Oświęcimska 100E, 45-641 Opole, Poland; (W.J.T.); (J.G.-T.)
- Department of Process and Environmental Engineering, Opole University of Technology, 45-758 Opole, Poland
| | - Joanna Guziałowska-Tic
- West Technology & Trading Polska, Sp. z o.o., Oświęcimska 100E, 45-641 Opole, Poland; (W.J.T.); (J.G.-T.)
- Department of Process and Environmental Engineering, Opole University of Technology, 45-758 Opole, Poland
| | - Jerzy Kaleta
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Smoluchowskiego 25, 50-372 Wroclaw, Poland; (A.S.); (B.B.); (J.K.)
| | - Justyna Krzak
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Smoluchowskiego 25, 50-372 Wroclaw, Poland; (A.S.); (B.B.); (J.K.)
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Microwave assisted synthesis of Fe 3O 4 stabilized ZrO 2 nanoparticles - Free radical scavenging, radiolabeling and biodistribution in rabbits. Life Sci 2021; 271:119070. [PMID: 33465388 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
AIMS In vivo biodistribution of radio labeled ZrO2 nanoparticles is addressed for better imaging, therapy and diagnosis. Nanoparticles are synthesized by microwave assisted sol-gel technique using Fe3O4 as a stabilizer. Antioxidant assay, hemolytic activity in human blood and biodistribution in rabbits was explored to study the therapeutical as well as in vivo targeted diagnostic applications of as synthesized nanoparticles. MAIN METHODS Fe3O4 stabilized zirconia nanoparticles are synthesized using microwave assisted sol-gel method. Microwave (MW) powers are varied in the range of 100 to 1000 W. As synthesized nanoparticles are evaluated using different characterizations such as X-ray diffractometer, scanning electron microscope, Raman spectroscopy, impedance analyzer, Vickers micro hardness indenter, FTIR, and UV-Vis spectroscopy. In vitro activity of synthesized nanoparticles is checked in freshly extracted human blood serum. To study biodistribution of Fe3O4 stabilized zirconia nanoparticles in rabbit, technetium-99 m was used for labeling purpose. The labeling efficacy and stability of labeled nanoparticles are also measured with instant thin layer chromatography (ITLC) method. Intravenous injection of 99mTc-Fe3O4 stabilized zirconia nanoparticles (0.2 ml), containing 110 MBq of radioactivity, is performed to study the biodistribution; nanoparticles are injected into the ear vein of animal (rabbit). KEY FINDINGS Zirconia (ZrO2) nanoparticles (NPs) are stabilized using Fe3O4 that were prepared by means of microwave assisted sol-gel method. Crystallite size (~20 nm) agrees well with the values required to stabilize tetragonal zirconia (t-ZrO2). Volume shrinkage results in high value of hardness (~1369). Dielectric constant values, compatible for biomedical application, are observed for tetragonally stabilized samples. Low value of hemolytic response is observed for Fe3O4 stabilized ZrO2 NPs. 99mTc radio labeled ZrO2 NPs proved to be potential candidate to study biodistribution. Biodistribution studies show stability of radiolabeled NPs in the original suspension as well as in blood serum. CT scan of rabbit is performed for several times to check the biodistribution of NPs with time and survival of rabbit. Results suggest that these NPs can also be used as targeted nanoparticles as well as variants of drug payload carrier. SIGNIFICANCE Results signify that Fe3O4 stabilized ZrO2 nanoparticles synthesized by microwave assisted sol-gel method may be considered as "all-rounder" nanoplatform and are safe enough to be used in diagnostic as well as therapeutic purposes.
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Microwave assisted sol-gel synthesis of bioactive zirconia nanoparticles – Correlation of strength and structure. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2020; 112:104012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2020.104012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Sanaullah I, Bashir M, Batool T, Riaz S, Ali D, Sabri AN, Naseem S. Tangerine mediated synthesis of zirconia as potential protective dental coatings. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2020; 120:111653. [PMID: 33545821 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2020.111653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Revised: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Demand of bioactive materials that may create a bacteria-free environment while healing and regenerating the defect area is increasing day by day. Zirconia is a very interesting material because of its biocompatibility and high fracture toughness. In this research work, zirconia nanoparticles (NPs) have been synthesized using sol-gel method. Molarity of sols is varied in the range of 25 to 125 mM. The effect of acidic and basic nature of sols is studied by maintaining acidic (2) and basic (9) pH. As-synthesized NPs are made soluble in deionized (DI) water using tangerine drops. Dissolved NPs are spin coated onto glass substrate prior to characterization. Pure tetragonal phase, observed under all conditions using basic medium (pH 9), is accompanied by smaller crystallite size and unit cell volume. Presence of stabilized zirconia phase leads to higher value of density and higher mechanical strength. Nanodendrites with distinct features are observed for the sample prepared with high molarity using basic medium. Whereas, soft agglomerated nanodendrites are observed using acidic medium. Optical properties show transmission of 60-80% in the visible and infrared regions for acidic based samples and ~84% for basic samples. Direct energy band gap is varied from 4.96 eV to 5.1 eV in acidic (pH 2) and 4.91 eV to 4.97 eV in basic (pH 9) media. FTIR spectra show the formation of fundamental tetragonal band at 490 cm-1 for basic samples. Antibacterial response of zirconia is tested against E. coli, Streptococcus and Bacillus bacteria. Human teeth, bare and zirconia coated, are tested for their possible weight loss after dipping in various beverages. Zirconia coated tooth shows negligible degradation in hardness and weight after 24 hr dipping period. Thus, coatings prepared using water soluble zirconia (WSZ) nanoparticles, without the use of toxic solvents/reagents, are promising material to be used as protective coatings in biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ifra Sanaullah
- Centre of Excellence in Solid State Physics, University of the Punjab 54590, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Mahwish Bashir
- Department of Physics, Government College for Women University, Sialkot, Pakistan
| | - Tanzeela Batool
- Centre of Excellence in Solid State Physics, University of the Punjab 54590, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Saira Riaz
- Centre of Excellence in Solid State Physics, University of the Punjab 54590, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Daoud Ali
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudia Arabia
| | - Anjum N Sabri
- Department of Microbiology & Molecular Genetics, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Shahzad Naseem
- Centre of Excellence in Solid State Physics, University of the Punjab 54590, Lahore, Pakistan.
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