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Bhattacharya S, Dubey DK. A multiscale investigation into the role of collagen-hyaluronan interface shear on the mechanical behaviour of collagen fibers in annulus fibrosus - Molecular dynamics-cohesive finite element-based study. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2023; 147:106147. [PMID: 37812947 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2023.106147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
Multi-directional deformation exhibited by annulus fibrosus (AF) is contributed by chemo-mechanical interactions among its biomolecular constituents' collagen type I (COL-I), collagen type II (COL-II), proteoglycans (aggrecan and hyaluronan) and water. However, the nature and role of such interactions on AF mechanics are unclear. This work employs a molecular dynamics-cohesive finite element-based multiscale approach to investigate role of COL-I-COL-II interchanging distribution and water concentration (WC) variations from outer annulus (OA) to inner annulus (IA) on collagen-hyaluronan (COL-HYL) interface shear, and the mechanisms by which interface shear impacts fibril sliding during collagen fiber deformation. At first, COL-HYL interface atomistic models are constructed by interchanging COL-I with COL-II and increasing COL-II and WC from 0 to 75%, and 65%-75% respectively. Thereafter, a multiscale approach is employed to develop representative volume elements (RVEs) of collagen fibers by incorporating COL-HYL shear as traction-separation behaviour at fibril-hyaluronan contact. Results show that increasing COL-II and WC increases interface stiffness from 0.6 GPa/nm to 1.2 GPa/nm and reduces interface strength from 155 MPa to 58 MPa from OA to IA, contributed by local hydration alterations. A stiffer and weaker interface enhances fibril sliding with increased straining at the contact - thereby contributing to reduction in modulus from 298 MPa to 198 MPa from OA to IA. Such reduction further contributes to softer mechanical response towards IA, as reported by earlier studies. Presented multiscale analysis provides deeper understanding of hierarchical structure-mechanics relationships in AF and can further aid in developing better substitutes for AF repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shambo Bhattacharya
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Haus Khas, New Delhi, 110016, India
| | - Devendra K Dubey
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Haus Khas, New Delhi, 110016, India.
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Zhou Z, Qin W, Zhang P, He J, Cheng Z, Gong Y, Zhu G, Liang D, Ren H, Jiang X, Sun Y. Potential molecular targets and drugs for basement membranes-related intervertebral disk degeneration through bioinformatics analysis and molecular docking. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2023; 24:772. [PMID: 37784117 PMCID: PMC10544312 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-023-06891-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Through bioinformatics analysis to identify the hub genes of Intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) associated with basement membranes (BMs) and find out the potential molecular targets and drugs for BMs-related annulus fibrosus (AF) degeneration based on bioinformatic analysis and molecular approach. METHODS Intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) related targets were obtained from GeneCards, DisGenet and OMIM databases. BMs related genes were obtained from Basement membraneBASE database. The intersection targets were identified and subjected to protein-to-protein interaction (PPI) construction via STRING. Hub genes were identified and conducted Gene ontology (GO) and pathway enrichment analysis through MCODE and Clue GO in Cytospace respectively. DSigDB database was retrieved to predict therapeutic drugs and molecular docking was performed through PyMOL, AutoDock 1.5.6 to verify the binding energy between the drug and the different expressed hub genes. Finally, GSE70362 from GEO database was obtained to verify the different expression and correlation of each hub gene for AF degeneration. RESULTS We identified 41 intersection genes between 3 disease targets databases and Basement membraneBASE database. PPI network revealed 25 hub genes and they were mainly enriched in GO terms relating to glycosaminoglycan catabolic process, the TGF-β signaling pathway. 4 core targets were found to be significant via comparison of microarray samples and they showed strong correlation. The molecular docking results showed that the core targets have strong binding energy with predicting drugs including chitosamine and retinoic acid. CONCLUSIONS In this study, we identified hub genes, pathways, potential targets, and drugs for treatment in BMs-related AF degeneration and IVDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zelin Zhou
- The First Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Weicheng Qin
- The First Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Peng Zhang
- The First Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Jiahui He
- The First Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Zhaojun Cheng
- Department of Spinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Yan Gong
- The First Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Guangye Zhu
- The First Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - De Liang
- Department of Spinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Hui Ren
- Department of Spinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Xiaobing Jiang
- Department of Spinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Yuping Sun
- Pingshan General Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, P.R. China.
- Pingshan District People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, P.R. China.
- Rehabilitation Department, Pingshan District People's Hospital, Shenzhen, P.R. China.
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Bhattacharya S, Dubey DK. Insights into the role of water concentrations on nanomechanical behavior of type I collagen-hyaluronan interfaces in annulus fibrosus: A molecular dynamics investigation. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR NUMERICAL METHODS IN BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING 2023:e3713. [PMID: 37073776 DOI: 10.1002/cnm.3713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Multi-faceted deformation capabilities of Annulus Fibrosus (AF) results from an intricate mechanical design by nature. Wherein, organization and interactions between the constituents, collagen type I (CI), collagen type II (C2), hyaluronan, aggrecan, and water are instrumental. However, mechanisms by which such interactions influence AF mechanics at tissue-scale is not well understood. This work investigates nanoscale interfacial interactions between CI and hyaluronan (CI-H) and presents insights into their influence on tissue-scale mechanics of AF. For this, three-dimensional molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of tensile and compressive deformation are conducted on atomistic model of CI-H interface at 0%, 65%, and 75% water concentrations (WC). Results show hyaluronan lowers local hydration around CI component of interface, owing to its hydrophilic nature. Analyses show that increase in WC from 65% to 75% leads to increased interchain sliding in hyaluronan, which further lowers tensile modulus of the interface from 2.1 GPa to 660 MPa, contributing to softening observed from outer to inner AF. Furthermore, increase in WC from 65% to 75%, shifts compressive deformation from buckling-dominant to non-buckling-dominant which contributes towards lower radial bulge at inner AF. Findings provide deeper insights into mechanistic interactions and mechanisms at fundamental length-scale which influence the AF structure-mechanics at tissue-scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shambo Bhattacharya
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Devendra K Dubey
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, India
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Khalid S, Ekram S, Ramzan F, Salim A, Khan I. Co-regulation of Sox9 and TGFβ1 transcription factors in mesenchymal stem cells regenerated the intervertebral disc degeneration. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1127303. [PMID: 37007782 PMCID: PMC10063891 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1127303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BackgroundIntervertebral disc (IVD) shows aging and degenerative changes earlier than any other body connective tissue. Its repair and regeneration provide a considerable challenge in regenerative medicine due to its high degree of infrastructure and mechanical complexity. Mesenchymal stem cells, due to their tissue resurfacing potential, represent many explanatory pathways to regenerate a tissue breakdown.MethodsThis study was undertaken to evaluate the co-regulation of Sox9 and TGFβ1 in differentiating human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUC-MSC) into chondrocytes. The combinatorial impact of Sox9 and TGFβ1 on hUC-MSCs was examined in vitro by gene expression and immunocytochemical staining. In in vivo, an animal model of IVD degeneration was established under a fluoroscopic guided system through needle puncture of the caudal disc. Normal and transfected MSCs were transplanted. Oxidative stress, pain, and inflammatory markers were evaluated by qPCR. Disc height index (DHI), water content, and gag content were analyzed. Histological examinations were performed to evaluate the degree of regeneration.ResultshUC-MSC transfected with Sox9+TGFβ1 showed a noticeable morphological appearance of a chondrocyte, and highly expressed chondrogenic markers (aggrecan, Sox9, TGFβ1, TGFβ2, and type II collagens) after transfection. Histological observation demonstrated that cartilage regeneration, extracellular matrix synthesis, and collagen remodeling were significant upon staining with H&E, Alcian blue, and Masson's trichrome stain on day 14. Additionally, oxidative stress, pain, and inflammatory markers were positively downregulated in the animals transplanted with Sox9 and TGFβ1 transfected MSCs.ConclusionThese findings indicate that the combinatorial effect of Sox9 and TGFβ1 substantially accelerates the chondrogenesis in hUC-MSCs. Cartilage regeneration and matrix synthesis were significantly enhanced. Therefore, a synergistic effect of Sox9 and TGFβ1 could be an immense therapeutic combination in the tissue engineering of cartilaginous joint bio-prostheses and a novel candidate for cartilage stabilization.
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Guvench O. Atomic-Resolution Experimental Structural Biology and Molecular Dynamics Simulations of Hyaluronan and Its Complexes. Molecules 2022; 27:7276. [PMID: 36364098 PMCID: PMC9658939 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27217276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2023] Open
Abstract
This review summarizes the atomic-resolution structural biology of hyaluronan and its complexes available in the Protein Data Bank, as well as published studies of atomic-resolution explicit-solvent molecular dynamics simulations on these and other hyaluronan and hyaluronan-containing systems. Advances in accurate molecular mechanics force fields, simulation methods and software, and computer hardware have supported a recent flourish in such simulations, such that the simulation publications now outnumber the structural biology publications by an order of magnitude. In addition to supplementing the experimental structural biology with computed dynamic and thermodynamic information, the molecular dynamics studies provide a wealth of atomic-resolution information on hyaluronan-containing systems for which there is no atomic-resolution structural biology either available or possible. Examples of these summarized in this review include hyaluronan pairing with other hyaluronan molecules and glycosaminoglycans, with ions, with proteins and peptides, with lipids, and with drugs and drug-like molecules. Despite limitations imposed by present-day computing resources on system size and simulation timescale, atomic-resolution explicit-solvent molecular dynamics simulations have been able to contribute significant insight into hyaluronan's flexibility and capacity for intra- and intermolecular non-covalent interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olgun Guvench
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Administration, School of Pharmacy, Westbrook College of Health Professions, University of New England, 716 Stevens Avenue, Portland, ME 04103, USA
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Funabashi M, Breen AC, De Carvalho D, Pagé I, Nougarou F, Descarreaux M, Kawchuk GN. Force Distribution Within Spinal Tissues During Posterior to Anterior Spinal Manipulative Therapy: A Secondary Analysis. Front Integr Neurosci 2022; 15:809372. [PMID: 35185486 PMCID: PMC8855051 DOI: 10.3389/fnint.2021.809372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Previous studies observed that the intervertebral disc experiences the greatest forces during spinal manipulative therapy (SMT) and that the distribution of forces among spinal tissues changes as a function of the SMT parameters. However, contextualized SMT forces, relative to the ones applied to and experienced by the whole functional spinal unit, is needed to understand SMT’s underlying mechanisms. Aim To describe the percentage force distribution between spinal tissues relative to the applied SMT forces and total force experienced by the functional unit. Methods This secondary analysis combined data from 35 fresh porcine cadavers exposed to a simulated 300N SMT to the skin overlying the L3/L4 facet joint via servo-controlled linear motor actuator. Vertebral kinematics were tracked optically using indwelling bone pins. The functional spinal unit was then removed and mounted on a parallel robotic platform equipped with a 6-axis load cell. The kinematics of the spine during SMT were replayed by the robotic platform. By using serial dissection, peak and mean forces induced by the simulated SMT experienced by spinal structures in all three axes of motion were recorded. Forces experienced by spinal structures were analyzed descriptively and the resultant force magnitude was calculated. Results During SMT, the functional spinal unit experienced a median peak resultant force of 36.4N (IQR: 14.1N) and a mean resultant force of 25.4N (IQR: 11.9N). Peak resultant force experienced by the spinal segment corresponded to 12.1% of the total applied SMT force (300N). When the resultant force experienced by the functional spinal unit was considered to be 100%, the supra and interspinous ligaments experienced 0.3% of the peak forces and 0.5% of the mean forces. Facet joints and ligamentum flavum experienced 0.7% of the peak forces and 3% of the mean forces. Intervertebral disc and longitudinal ligaments experienced 99% of the peak and 96.5% of the mean forces. Conclusion In this animal model, a small percentage of the forces applied during a posterior-to-anterior SMT reached spinal structures in the lumbar spine. Most SMT forces (over 96%) are experienced by the intervertebral disc. This study provides a novel perspective on SMT force distribution within spinal tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha Funabashi
- Division of Research and Innovation, Canadian Memorial Chiropractic College, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Chiropractic Department, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC, Canada
- *Correspondence: Martha Funabashi,
| | | | - Diana De Carvalho
- Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL, Canada
| | - Isabelle Pagé
- Chiropractic Department, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC, Canada
| | - François Nougarou
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC, Canada
| | - Martin Descarreaux
- Human Kinetics Department, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC, Canada
| | - Gregory N. Kawchuk
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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Hyaluronan and the Fascial Frontier. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22136845. [PMID: 34202183 PMCID: PMC8269293 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22136845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The buzz about hyaluronan (HA) is real. Whether found in face cream to increase water volume loss and viscoelasticity or injected into the knee to restore the properties of synovial fluid, the impact of HA can be recognized in many disciplines from dermatology to orthopedics. HA is the most abundant polysaccharide of the extracellular matrix of connective tissues. HA can impact cell behavior in specific ways by binding cellular HA receptors, which can influence signals that facilitate cell survival, proliferation, adhesion, as well as migration. Characteristics of HA, such as its abundance in a variety of tissues and its responsiveness to chemical, mechanical and hormonal modifications, has made HA an attractive molecule for a wide range of applications. Despite being discovered over 80 years ago, its properties within the world of fascia have only recently received attention. Our fascial system penetrates and envelopes all organs, muscles, bones and nerve fibers, providing the body with a functional structure and an environment that enables all bodily systems to operate in an integrated manner. Recognized interactions between cells and their HA-rich extracellular microenvironment support the importance of studying the relationship between HA and the body’s fascial system. From fasciacytes to chronic pain, this review aims to highlight the connections between HA and fascial health.
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