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Vivan RR, Piza MMDT, Silva BDM, Maltarollo TFH, Sivieri-Araujo G, Alcalde MP, Duarte MAH, Bonfante EA, Strazzi-Sahyon HB. Biaxial flexural strength of hydrothermally aged resin-based materials. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2024; 155:106568. [PMID: 38714003 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2024.106568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/09/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE The strength of temporary restorations plays a vital role in full-mouth reconstruction, and it can be impacted by the aging process. The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the biaxial flexural strength and fractographic features of different resin-based materials submitted to thermal aging. MATERIAL AND METHODS One hundred and ninety-two resin disc-shaped specimens (6.5 mm in diameter and 0.5 mm in thickness) were fabricated and divided into six experimental groups according to the resin-based materials (Filtek Bulk-Fill flowable resin; J-Temp temporary resin; and Fuji Lining glass ionomer cement) and aging process (before and after thermal cycling). Biaxial flexural strength test was performed using a universal testing machine at a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min before and after thermal cycling (5 °C and 55 °C, 5760 cycles, 30 s). The mechanical properties were assessed using Weibull parameters (characteristic strength and Weibull modulus) (n = 30). Fractured specimens were examined under a polarized light stereomicroscope to identify crack origin and propagation direction. The surface microstructure of the resin-based materials was assessed by scanning electron microscopy (n = 2). The Weibull modulus (m), characteristic strength, and reliability properties were calculated, and a contour plot was used to detect differences among groups (95% confidence interval). RESULTS The Weibull modulus (m), characteristic strength, and reliability of the resin-based compounds were influenced by material type and thermal aging (p < 0.05). Weibull modulus (m) revealed no differences when comparing the materials and aging process (p > 0.05), except for the preceding aging period where Filtek Bulk-Fill exhibited higher values compared to J-Temp (p < 0.05). Filtek Bulk-Fill demonstrated superior characteristic strength and reliability compared to J-Temp and Fuji Lining before and after thermal cycling (p < 0.05). Fractography of the resin-based materials showed fractures originating from surface defects exposed to tensile side and their propagation toward the compressive side. Generally, no differences in surface microstructure were observed on micrographs before and after thermal aging for Filtek Bulk-Fill and Fuji Lining. However, the aging process developed flaws in J-Temp. CONCLUSION Resin-based material composition resulted in different flexural strength performance, impacting the Weibull modulus (m), characteristic strength, and reliability of the resin-based restorations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Ricci Vivan
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Endodontics and Dental Materials, Bauru Dental School, University of São Paulo, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Mariana Miranda de Toledo Piza
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Bauru, SP, Brazil.
| | - Bruna de Mello Silva
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Bauru, SP, Brazil.
| | - Thalya Fernanda Horsth Maltarollo
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, Discipline of Endodontics, Araçatuba School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil.
| | - Gustavo Sivieri-Araujo
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, Discipline of Endodontics, Araçatuba School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil.
| | - Murilo Priori Alcalde
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Endodontics and Dental Materials, Bauru Dental School, University of São Paulo, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Marco Antonio Hungaro Duarte
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Endodontics and Dental Materials, Bauru Dental School, University of São Paulo, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Estevam Augusto Bonfante
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Bauru, SP, Brazil.
| | - Henrico Badaoui Strazzi-Sahyon
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Bauru, SP, Brazil.
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Khalifa M, El Sayed AM, Kassem SM, Tarek E. Synthesis, structural, optical, and thermal properties of LaFeO 3/Poly(methyl methacrylate)/Poly(vinyl acetate) nanocomposites for radiation shielding. Sci Rep 2024; 14:3672. [PMID: 38351285 PMCID: PMC10864268 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-54207-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
This work is an attempt to develop flexible radiation shielding based on a blend of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA)/polyvinyl acetate (PVAc) and LaFeO3 nanoparticles (NPs). LaFeO3 and LaFeO3/PMMA/PVAc were made using simple chemical techniques. A high-resolution transmission electron microscope (HR-TEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) showed that well-crystallized LaFeO3 NPs with particles 79 nm in size and an orthorhombic shape were obtained. In addition, XRD confirmed the existence of PMMA, PVAc, and LaFeO3 in the nanocomposite films. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) confirmed that the LaFeO3 NPs and the reactive functional groups in the blend interacted with each other. Field emission-scan electron microscope (FE-SEM) analysis showed that PMMA and PVAc form a homogenous blend and that the LaFeO3 NPs were spread out inside and on the blend surface. The samples showed transmittance in the range of 30-74% and a small extinction coefficient (≤ 0.08). The samples exhibited a dual-band gap structure, and the direct (indirect) band gap shrank from 5.1 to 4.7 eV (4.9 to 4.4 eV). The thermal analyses showed that the samples are thermally stable up to 260 °C. The Phy-X/PSD software was used to figure out the theoretical gamma-ray attenuation parameters, such as the mass attenuation coefficient, the mean free path, and the half-value layer, for different PMMA/PVAc + x% LaFeO3 composites. It is demonstrated that the PMMA/PVAc + 10 wt% LaFeO3 sample exhibits much better shielding effectiveness than PMMA/PVAc, and hence it is suitable for protecting against radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Khalifa
- Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Fayoum University, El Fayoum, 63514, Egypt
- Faculty of Computers and Information Technology, National Egyptian E-Learning University, Giza, 12611, Egypt
| | - Adel M El Sayed
- Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Fayoum University, El Fayoum, 63514, Egypt.
| | - Said M Kassem
- Radiation Protection and Dosimetry Department, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority (EAEA), Cairo, Egypt
| | - E Tarek
- Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Fayoum University, El Fayoum, 63514, Egypt
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Elhmali HT, Stajcic I, Stajcic A, Pesic I, Jovanovic M, Petrovic M, Radojevic V. Influence of Novel SrTiO 3/MnO 2 Hybrid Nanoparticles on Poly(methyl methacrylate) Thermal and Mechanical Behavior. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:278. [PMID: 38276687 PMCID: PMC10820619 DOI: 10.3390/polym16020278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Revised: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
While dental poly methyl methacrylate(PMMA) possesses distinctive qualities such as ease of fabrication, cost-effectiveness, and favorable physical and mechanical properties, these attributes alone are inadequate to impart the necessary impact strength and hardness. Consequently, pure PMMA is less suitable for dental applications. This research focused on the incorporation of Strontium titanate (SrTiO3-STO) and hybrid filler STO/Manganese oxide (MnO2) to improve impact resistance and hardness. The potential of STO in reinforcing PMMA is poorly investigated, while hybrid filler STO/MnO2 has not been presented yet. Differential scanning calorimetry is conducted in order to investigate the agglomeration influence on the PMMA glass transition temperature (Tg), as well as the leaching of residual monomer and volatile additives that could pose a threat to human health. It has been determined that agglomeration with 1 wt% loading had no influence on Tg, while the first scan revealed differences in evaporation of small molecules, in favor of composite PMMA-STO/MnO2, which showed the trapping potential of volatiles. Investigations of mechanical properties have revealed the significant influence of hybrid STO/MnO2 filler on microhardness and total absorbed impact energy, which were increased by 89.9% and 145.4%, respectively. Results presented in this study revealed the reinforcing potential of hybrid nanoparticles that could find application in other polymers as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houda Taher Elhmali
- Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (H.T.E.); (M.J.); (M.P.); (V.R.)
| | - Ivana Stajcic
- Department of Physical Chemistry, “Vinča” Institute of Nuclear Sciences—National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Mike Petrovića Alasa 12-14, P.O. Box 522, 11001 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandar Stajcic
- Center for Microelectronic Technologies, Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy—National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (A.S.); (I.P.)
| | - Ivan Pesic
- Center for Microelectronic Technologies, Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy—National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (A.S.); (I.P.)
| | - Marija Jovanovic
- Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (H.T.E.); (M.J.); (M.P.); (V.R.)
| | - Milos Petrovic
- Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (H.T.E.); (M.J.); (M.P.); (V.R.)
| | - Vesna Radojevic
- Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (H.T.E.); (M.J.); (M.P.); (V.R.)
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Dispersion and Homogeneity of MgO and Ag Nanoparticles Mixed with Polymethylmethacrylate. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15061479. [PMID: 36987259 PMCID: PMC10056507 DOI: 10.3390/polym15061479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aims to examine the impact of the direct and indirect mixing techniques on the dispersion and homogeneity of magnesium oxide (MgO) and silver (Ag) nanoparticles (NPs) mixed with polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA). NPs were mixed with PMMA powder directly (non-ethanol-assisted) and indirectly (ethanol-assisted) with the aid of ethanol as solvent. X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and scanning electron microscope (SEM) were used to evaluate the dispersion and homogeneity of MgO and Ag NPs within the PMMA-NPs nanocomposite matrix. Prepared discs of PMMA-MgO and PMMA-Ag nanocomposite were analyzed for dispersion and agglomeration by Stereo microscope. XRD showed that the average crystallite size of NPs within PMMA-NP nanocomposite powder was smaller in the case of ethanol-assisted mixing compared to non-ethanol-assisted mixing. Furthermore, EDX and SEM revealed good dispersion and homogeneity of both NPs on PMMA particles with ethanol-assisted mixing compared to the non-ethanol-assisted one. Again, the PMMA-MgO and PMMA-Ag nanocomposite discs were found to have better dispersion and no agglomeration with ethanol-assisted mixing when compared to the non-ethanol-assisted mixing technique. Ethanol-assisted mixing of MgO and Ag NPs with PMMA powder obtained better dispersion, better homogeneity, and no agglomeration of NPs within the PMMA-NP matrix.
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An J, Song Y, Zhao J, Xu B. Antifungal efficiency and cytocompatibility of polymethyl methacrylate modified with zinc dimethacrylate. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1138588. [PMID: 36998636 PMCID: PMC10045475 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1138588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Considering the high incidence rates of denture stomatitis, research that providing dental biomaterials with antifungal property are essential for clinical dentistry. The objectives of the present study were to investigate the effect of zinc dimethacrylate (ZDMA) modification on the antifungal and cytotoxic properties, as well as the variance in surface characteristics and other physicochemical properties of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) denture base resin. Methods PMMA with various mass fraction of ZDMA (1 wt%, 2.5 wt% and 5 wt%) were prepared for experimental groups, and unmodified PMMA for the control. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was applied for characterization. Thermogravimetric analysis, atomic force microscopy and water contact angle were performed to investigate the thermal stability and surface characteristics (n=5). Antifungal capacities and cytocompatibility were evaluated with Candida albicans (C. albicans) and human oral fibroblasts (HGFs), respectively. Colony-forming unit counting, crystal violet assay, live/dead biofilm staining and scanning electron microscopy observation were performed to assess antifungal effects, and the detection of intracellular reactive oxygen species production was applied to explore the possible antimicrobial mechanism. Finally, the cytotoxicity of ZDMA modified PMMA resin was evaluated by the 3-(4,5-dimethyl-thiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and live/dead double staining. Results The FTIR analyses confirmed some variation in chemical bonding and physical blend of the composites. Incorporation of ZDMA significantly enhanced the thermal stability and hydrophilicity compared with unmodified PMMA (p < 0.05). The surface roughness increased with the addition of ZDMA while remained below the suggested threshold (≤ 0.2 µm). The antifungal activity significantly improved with ZDMA incorporation, and cytocompatibility assays indicated no obvious cytotoxicity on HGFs. Conclusions In the present study, the ZDMA mass fraction up to 5 wt% in PMMA performed better thermal stability, and an increase in surface roughness and hydrophilicity without enhancing microbial adhesion. Moreover, the ZDMA modified PMMA showed effective antifungal activity without inducing any cellular side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jing Zhao
- Dental Medical Center, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Baohua Xu
- Dental Medical Center, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
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Kumar S, Bhowmik S. Potential use of natural fiber-reinforced polymer biocomposites in knee prostheses: a review on fair inclusion in amputees. IRANIAN POLYMER JOURNAL 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s13726-022-01077-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Fernandes PHM, Bordini EAF, Cassiano FB, de Azevedo-Silva LJ, Ferrairo BM, Lisboa-Filho PN, Fortulan CA, Soares Dos Passos DG, Borges AFS. TiO 2 nanoparticles added to dense bovine hydroxyapatite bioceramics increase human osteoblast mineralization activity. Dent Mater 2022; 38:e275-e283. [PMID: 36068105 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2022.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study evaluated the effect of TiO2 nanoparticles + dense hydroxyapatite (HA) on human osteoblast cells (SAOS-2). METHODS Particulate bovine HA powder with or without the addition of either 5 or 8 % TiO2 (HA, HA/TiO2Np5 % or HA/TiO2Np8 %) were pressed into disks (Ø = 12.5 mm; thickness = 1.3 mm) uniaxially (100 MPa) and isostatically (200 MPa/1 min) and sintered at 1300 °C. Y-TZP disks were used as control. The following tests were performed: Scanning Electron Microscopy and Dispersive Energy Spectroscopy (SEM/EDS), Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), cell viability assay (Alamar Blue-AB) and mineralized matrix deposition (Alizarin Red-AR). AB and AR data were submitted to 2-way ANOVA/Tukey tests and ANOVA/Tukey tests, respectively. RESULTS SEM revealed that the surface of HA/TiO2Np5% resembles DPBHA surface, but also contains smaller granules. HA/TiO2Np8% characteristics resembles HA/TiO2Np5% surface, but with irregular topography. Y-TZP showed a typical oxide ceramic surface pattern. EDS revealed Ca, O, and P in all samples. C, O, and Zr appeared in Y-TZP samples. AFM data corroborates SEM analysis. AB test revealed excellent cellular viability for HA/TiO2Np5% group. AR test showed that all groups containing TiO2np had more mineralized matrix deposition than all other groups, with statistically differences between HA/TiO2Np8% and HA cultivated in non-osteogenic medium. Culture in osteogenic medium exhibited much more mineralized matrix deposition by TiO2np groups. SIGNIFICANCE In conclusion, the addition of TiO2np showed chemical, superficial, and biological changes in the reinforced materials. HA/TiO2Np5% showed the best results for cell viability and HA/TiO2Np8% for mineralized matrix deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo Henrique Martins Fernandes
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Endodontics and Dental Materials, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | - Ester Alves Ferreira Bordini
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Endodontics and Dental Materials, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Balestrero Cassiano
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Endodontics and Dental Materials, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | - Lucas José de Azevedo-Silva
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontics, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | - Brunna Mota Ferrairo
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Endodontics and Dental Materials, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Carlos Alberto Fortulan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, São Carlos School of Engineering, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Diana Gabriela Soares Dos Passos
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Endodontics and Dental Materials, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Flávia Sanches Borges
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Endodontics and Dental Materials, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil.
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Synthesis, structural and luminescent properties of Mn-doped calcium pyrophosphate (Ca 2P 2O 7) polymorphs. Sci Rep 2022; 12:7116. [PMID: 35504944 PMCID: PMC9065112 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-11337-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present work, three different Mn2+-doped calcium pyrophosphate (CPP, Ca2P2O7) polymorphs were synthesized by wet co-precipitation method followed by annealing at different temperatures. The crystal structure and purity were studied by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR), solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (SS-NMR), and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopies. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to investigate the morphological features of the synthesized products. Optical properties were investigated using photoluminescence measurements. Excitation spectra, emission spectra, and photoluminescence decay curves of the samples were studied. All Mn-doped polymorphs exhibited a broadband emission ranging from approximately 500 to 730 nm. The emission maximum was host-dependent and centered at around 580, 570, and 595 nm for γ-, β-, and α-CPP, respectively.
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Santana TDS, Leite ARP, Pasquini D, Pero AC. Effect of the incorporation of cellulose nanocrystals into a microwave‐polymerized denture base resin: Cellulose nanocrystals into a denture base resin. STARCH-STARKE 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/star.202100212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thais de Sousa Santana
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics Araraquara Dental School Univ Estadual Paulista (UNESP) Araraquara São Paulo Brazil
| | - Andressa Rosa Perin Leite
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics Araraquara Dental School Univ Estadual Paulista (UNESP) Araraquara São Paulo Brazil
| | - Daniel Pasquini
- Chemistry Institute Universidade Federal de Uberlândia Campus Santa Mônica Uberlândia Minas Gerais Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina Pero
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics Araraquara Dental School Univ Estadual Paulista (UNESP) Araraquara São Paulo Brazil
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New lignin-based hybrid materials as functional additives for polymer biocomposites: From design to application. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 190:624-635. [PMID: 34517024 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Within this study, the ZrO2/lignin and ZrO2-SiO2/lignin hybrid materials were obtained for the first time. The mechanical grinding method was used for this purpose. In order to determine the properties of obtained lignin-based hybrids and the components used to produce them, as well as to evaluate the efficiency of their preparation, the authors used such research techniques as scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), elemental analysis, porous structure analysis and thermal stability assessment (TGA/DTG). The next step involved using the components and produced hybrid materials as polymer fillers for poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA). The obtained lignin-based hybrid biocomposites have then been thoroughly characterized using gel permeation chromatography (GPC), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) and hardness testing. All the conducted tests confirm the possibility of using the obtained bio-based products in practice, within the widely understood construction industry, for producing durable building facades or noise barriers, among others.
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Wnuczek K, Puszka A, Klapiszewski Ł, Podkościelna B. Preparation, Thermal, and Thermo-Mechanical Characterization of Polymeric Blends Based on Di(meth)acrylate Monomers. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13060878. [PMID: 33809286 PMCID: PMC7999132 DOI: 10.3390/polym13060878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
This study presents the preparation and the thermo-mechanical characteristics of polymeric blends based on di(meth)acrylates monomers. Bisphenol A glycerolate diacrylate (BPA.GDA) or ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) were used as crosslinking monomers. Methyl methacrylate (MMA) was used as an active solvent in both copolymerization approaches. Commercial polycarbonate (PC) was used as a modifying soluble additive. The preparation of blends and method of polymerization by using UV initiator (Irqacure® 651) was proposed. Two parallel sets of MMA-based materials were obtained. The first included more harmless linear hydrocarbons (EGDMA + MMA), whereas the second included the usually used aromatic copolymers (BPA.GDA + MMA). The influence of different amounts of PC on the physicochemical properties was discussed in detail. Chemical structures of the copolymers were confirmed by attenuated total reflection–Fourier transform infrared (ATR/FT-IR) spectroscopy. Thermo-mechanical properties of the synthesized materials were investigated by means of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric (TG/DTG) analyses, and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). The hardness of the obtained materials was also tested. In order to evaluate the surface of the materials, their images were obtained with the use of atomic force microscopy (AFM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Krystyna Wnuczek
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, M. Curie-Skłodowska Sq.3., 20-031 Lublin, Poland; (A.P.); (B.P.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Andrzej Puszka
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, M. Curie-Skłodowska Sq.3., 20-031 Lublin, Poland; (A.P.); (B.P.)
| | - Łukasz Klapiszewski
- Faculty of Chemical Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Poznań University of Technology, Berdychewo 4, PL-60965 Poznań, Poland;
| | - Beata Podkościelna
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, M. Curie-Skłodowska Sq.3., 20-031 Lublin, Poland; (A.P.); (B.P.)
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Domagała I, Przystupa K, Firlej M, Pieniak D, Niewczas A, Biedziak B. Bending Behaviour of Polymeric Materials Used on Biomechanics Orthodontic Appliances. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13235579. [PMID: 33297572 PMCID: PMC7731210 DOI: 10.3390/ma13235579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Revised: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
This paper discusses the issues of strength and creep of polymeric materials used in orthodontic appliances. Orthodontic biomechanics is focused on the movement of individual teeth or dental groups as a result of the force applied by orthodontic appliances. Stresses in the construction of functional and biomechanical appliances is generated when using the apparatus in the oral cavity. The orthodontic appliance must maintain its shape and not be damaged during treatment so strength and creep resistance are fundamental properties. It was assumed that the clinical success of orthodontic appliances can be determined by these performance properties. The aim of the work was the experimental assessment of comparative bending strength and creep resistance of selected popular polymer materials used in the production of biomechanical orthodontic appliances. Four commercial materials manufactured by the world class producers were tested: NextDent Ortho Rigid (Vertex-Dental B.V., Soesterberg, The Netherlands) marked as "1A"; Erkocryl (ERKODENT Erich Kopp GmbH, Pfalzgrafenweiler, Germany)-"2A"; Vertex Orthoplast (Vertex Dental B.V.), blue, marked as "3A" and material with the same name as "3A" but orange, marked in the article as "4A". All the tests were carried out after aging in artificial saliva for 48 h at a temperature of 37 °C. Flexular strength and flexular modulus were made using the three point bending method according to the ISO 178 technical standard. Creep tests were carried out according to the method contained in ISO 899-2. The creep test was carried out in an artificial saliva bath at 37 °C. The creep tests showed significant differences in the strength, modulus and deformability of the tested materials. The strength reliability of the tested materials also varied. The research shows that the 2A material can be used for orthodontic applications in which long-term stresses should be lower than 20 MPa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivo Domagała
- Department of Facial Malformations, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Bukowska 70, 60-812 Poznań, Poland; (I.D.); (M.F.); (B.B.)
| | - Krzysztof Przystupa
- Department of Automation, Lublin University of Technology, Nadbystrzycka 36, 20-618 Lublin, Poland
- Correspondence:
| | - Marcel Firlej
- Department of Facial Malformations, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Bukowska 70, 60-812 Poznań, Poland; (I.D.); (M.F.); (B.B.)
| | - Daniel Pieniak
- Department of Mechanics and Machine Building, University of Economics and Innovations in Lublin, Projektowa 4, 20-209 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Agata Niewczas
- Department of Conservative Dentistry with Endodontics, Medical University of Lublin, Karmelicka 7, 20-080 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Barbara Biedziak
- Department of Facial Malformations, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Bukowska 70, 60-812 Poznań, Poland; (I.D.); (M.F.); (B.B.)
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