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Diaz-Lopez RA, Wen PH, Shelton JC. Influence of Taper surface topographies on contact deformation and stresses. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2023; 148:106213. [PMID: 37952504 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2023.106213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
The role of bore and trunnion surface topography on the failure rate of total hip joint replacements due to trunnionosis is not clear despite significant variations in the design of taper components between manufacturers. Taper surface topography, along with other taper design parameters such as clearance, diameter, and assembly force, determine the initial interlock of the contacting surfaces after assembly; this has been related to relative motions that can cause fretting and corrosion at the taper interface. However, in most in-silico parametrical taper studies associated with taper micromotions, the bore and trunnion surfaces have been simplified using a flat surface and/or sinusoidal functions to mimic the surface roughness. The current study tests the hypothesis that the use of simple geometrical functions for the taper surface topography can predict the surface mechanics developed in assembled tapers. Measured and simulated surfaces of bores and trunnions were characterised using common roughness parameters and spectral density estimations. Using the same characterised surface profiles, 2D Finite Element (FE) models of CoCr alloy femoral heads and Ti alloy trunnions were developed. Models simulated assembly conditions at different resultant forces ranging from 0.5 to 4.0 kN, contact conditions were determined and associated with their topographical characteristics. Measured surfaces of bore and trunnion components comprise up to seven dominant spatial frequencies. Flattening of the trunnion microgrooved peaks was observed during the assembly of the taper. When the femoral head bore and trunnion topography were both considered a reduced number of microgrooved peaks were in contact, from 51 in an idealised taper surfaces to 35 in measured surfaces using an assembly reaction force of 4 kN. The contact points in the models developed high plastic strains, which were greater than that associated with failure of the material. Results showed that line and sine wave functions over estimate contact points at the taper interface compared to those surfaces that consider roughness and peak variation. These findings highlight the important role of modelling the full surface topography on the taper contact mechanics, as surface variations in the roughness and waviness change the performance of tapers.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Diaz-Lopez
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, UK
| | - P H Wen
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, UK
| | - J C Shelton
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, UK.
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2
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Taper corrosion in total hip arthroplasty – How to assess and which design features are crucial? J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2022; 133:105307. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2022.105307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Fischer D, Cheng KY, Neto MQ, Hall D, Bijukumar D, Orías AAE, Pourzal R, van Arkel RJ, Mathew MT. Corrosion Behavior of Selective Laser Melting (SLM) Manufactured Ti6Al4V Alloy in Saline and BCS Solution. JOURNAL OF BIO- AND TRIBO-CORROSION 2022; 8:63. [PMID: 37736215 PMCID: PMC10512820 DOI: 10.1007/s40735-022-00657-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
The frequency of surgeries involving the use of metal implants in orthopedic medicine to replace degenerative or fractured joints is increasing, and it is therefore important to optimize the lifespan and quality of these implants. Advances in additive manufacturing (AM), or 3D printing, are creating new opportunities to personalize implants in ways that reduce mechanical stress at the joint implant interface and improve bone ingrowth and implant stability; however, it is not well understood if and to what degree the AM process alters the corrosion behavior of the materials it produces. In this study, six Ti6Al4V prints manufactured via a selective laser melting (SLM) method were examined regarding their corrosion behavior in both saline and bovine calf serum (BCS) solutions. Ecorr and Icorr values were comparable between the CM-Ti6Al4V control and SLM-EDM surfaces; however, SLM surfaces were found to have more narrow passivation behavior evidenced by significant decreases in Epass values relative to CM-Ti6Al4V. We believe this is a consequence of microstructural differences between CM-Ti6Al4V and SLM-Ti6Al4V. Specifically, the SLM-Ti6Al4V demonstrated a dominant α' martensitic microstructure and decreased vanadium-rich β-phase. BCS solution had a detrimental effect on potential parameters, Ecorr and OCP, decreasing these values relative to their saline counterparts. Increased surface roughness of the SLM-printed surface seemed to amplify the effects of the BCS solution. Furthermore, modest decreases in Epass and Ipass were observed in BCS solution, suggesting that the presence of protein may also interfere with passivation behavior. These findings have implications for how SLM-Ti6Al4V implants will perform in vivo and could possibly influence implant longevity and performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Fischer
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Illinois College of Medicine Rockford, Rockford, IL, USA
| | - Kai-yuan Cheng
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Illinois College of Medicine Rockford, Rockford, IL, USA
| | - Mozart Queiroz Neto
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Deborah Hall
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Divya Bijukumar
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Illinois College of Medicine Rockford, Rockford, IL, USA
| | | | - Robin Pourzal
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Mathew T. Mathew
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Illinois College of Medicine Rockford, Rockford, IL, USA
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Bormann T, Nebel L, Müller U, Mai PT, Gibmeier J, Renkawitz T, Kretzer JP. Influence of FeCl 3 and H 2O 2 in corrosion testing of modular taper connections in total hip arthroplasty: An in vitro study. Acta Biomater 2022; 145:427-435. [PMID: 35417798 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2022.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Corrosion at the modular taper junctions in total hip arthroplasty is clinically relevant because wear particles and ions generated at this interface can lead to adverse local tissue reactions or even implant failure. In vitro tribo-corrosion tests are usually accomplished in saline solutions or calf serum (CS), but the addition of H2O2 and FeCl3 have been suggested to mimic inflammatory conditions in the joint. Inflammatory conditions may aggravate corrosive processes and, therefore, should lead in vitro to a more severe and realistic tribo-corrosive material attack. Corrosion testing at 12/14 tapers comprising a CoCrMo head taper and a Ti6Al4V trunnion was accomplished in five electrolytes (Ringer's solution (RS), RS with 30 mM H2O2 and/or 0.7 mM FeCl3 and CS) under dynamical loading for five million cycles. Resulting material loss was determined gravimetrically and by ion analysis. The tribo-corrosive material degradation was investigated by light and electron microscopy. FeCl3 enhanced the material loss from taper connections while H2O2 did not lead to a significant alteration of total material loss. In comparison to pure RS, corrosion testing in CS decreased material loss at the head taper while it increased material loss at the trunnion. The combination of FeCl3 and H2O2 led to an enhanced occurrence of micro cracks at the trunnion surface. Adding FeCl3 and optionally also H2O2 aggravates material loss in in vitro corrosion testing of taper junctions and leads to harsher and probably more realistic testing conditions. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Tribo-corrosive processes at taper connections in hip implants are complex and can lead to major clinical implications. Joint inflammation is assumed to aggravate taper corrosion in vivo, why FeCl3 and H2O2 have been proposed as additives to electrolytes to simulate inflammatory conditions in vitro. Often used fretting test setups, however, do not involve real taper geometries. Besides, testing is often accomplished in saline solutions or calf serum, which do not induce a clinically significant amount of corrosive material degradation. This study presents an approach to increase tribo-corrosive processes at realistic taper connections by adding FeCl3 and/or H2O2. Unlike H2O2, FeCl3 increased material loss from taper connections. The combination of both additives enhanced micro crack formation at the trunnion surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Therese Bormann
- Laboratory of Biomechanics and Implant Research, Department of Orthopaedics, Heidelberg University Hospital, Schlierbacher Landstrasse 200a, Heidelberg 69118, Germany.
| | - Laura Nebel
- Laboratory of Biomechanics and Implant Research, Department of Orthopaedics, Heidelberg University Hospital, Schlierbacher Landstrasse 200a, Heidelberg 69118, Germany
| | - Ulrike Müller
- Laboratory of Biomechanics and Implant Research, Department of Orthopaedics, Heidelberg University Hospital, Schlierbacher Landstrasse 200a, Heidelberg 69118, Germany
| | - Phuong Thao Mai
- Institute for Applied Materials, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Engelbert-Arnold-Strasse 4, Karlsruhe 76131, Germany
| | - Jens Gibmeier
- Institute for Applied Materials, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Engelbert-Arnold-Strasse 4, Karlsruhe 76131, Germany
| | - Tobias Renkawitz
- Laboratory of Biomechanics and Implant Research, Department of Orthopaedics, Heidelberg University Hospital, Schlierbacher Landstrasse 200a, Heidelberg 69118, Germany
| | - J Philippe Kretzer
- Laboratory of Biomechanics and Implant Research, Department of Orthopaedics, Heidelberg University Hospital, Schlierbacher Landstrasse 200a, Heidelberg 69118, Germany
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Improving the Endoprosthesis Design and the Postoperative Therapy as a Means of Reducing Complications Risks after Total Hip Arthroplasty. LUBRICANTS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/lubricants10030038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
One of the most high-tech, efficient and reliable surgical procedures is Total Hip Arthroplasty (THA). Due to the increase in average life expectancy, it is especially relevant for older people suffering from chronic joint disease, allowing them to return to an active lifestyle. However, the rejuvenation of such a severe joint disease as osteoarthritis requires the search for new solutions that increase the lifespan of a Total Hip Replacement (THR). Current trends in the development of this area are primarily focused on the creation of new materials used in THR and methods for their processing that meet the requirements of biocompatibility, long-term strength, wear resistance and the absence of an immune system response aimed at rejection. This study is devoted to the substantiation of one of the possible approaches to increase the reliability and durability of THR, based on the improvement of the implant design and postoperative rehabilitation technology, potentially reducing the risk of complications in the postoperative period.
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Herbster M, Rosemann P, Michael O, Harnisch K, Ecke M, Heyn A, Lohmann CH, Bertrand J, Halle T. Microstructure-dependent crevice corrosion damage of implant materials CoCr28Mo6, TiAl6V4 and REX 734 under severe inflammatory conditions. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2022; 110:1687-1704. [PMID: 35174958 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.35030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Fretting corrosion is associated with increased risk of premature implant failure. In this complex in vivo corrosion system, the contribution of static crevice corrosion of the joined metal alloys is still unknown. The aim of this study was to develop a methodology for testing crevice corrosion behavior that simulates the physiological conditions of modular taper junctions and to identify critical factors on corrosion susceptibility. Samples of medical grade CoCr28Mo6 cast and wrought alloy, TiAl6V4 wrought alloy and REX 734 stainless steel were prepared metallographically and the microstructure was investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Crevice formers that mimic typical geometries of taper junctions were developed. Crevice corrosion immersion tests were performed in different physiological fluids (bovine serum or phosphate buffered saline with additives of 30 mM H2 O2 at pH = 1) for 4 weeks at 37°C. SEM with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy as well as focused ion beam were used to characterize the surface morphology, investigate present damages and identify the chemical composition of residues. Macroscopic inspection showed increased crevice corrosion susceptibility of TiAl6V4 and REX 734 under severe simulated inflammatory conditions. CoCr28Mo6 cast alloy exhibited degraded areas next to Cr- and Mo-rich precipitations that were located within the opposed crevices. The results indicate that aggressive electrolyte composition and crevice heights of 50-500 μm are critical influencing factors on crevice corrosion of biomedical alloys. Furthermore, manufacturing-related microstructure of common implant alloys determines the deterioration of corrosion resistance. The developed method should be used to enhance the corrosion resistance of common implant biomaterials by an adapted microstructure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Herbster
- Institute of Materials and Joining Technology, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Paul Rosemann
- Institute of Materials and Joining Technology, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany.,Institute of Technology and Production in Mechanical Engineering, HTWK University of Applied Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Oliver Michael
- Institute of Materials and Joining Technology, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Karsten Harnisch
- Institute of Materials and Joining Technology, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Martin Ecke
- Institute of Materials and Joining Technology, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Heyn
- Institute of Materials and Joining Technology, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Christoph H Lohmann
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Jessica Bertrand
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Thorsten Halle
- Institute of Materials and Joining Technology, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
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Wight CM, Schemitsch EH. In vitro testing for hip head-neck taper tribocorrosion: A review of experimental methods. Proc Inst Mech Eng H 2022; 236:9544119221074582. [PMID: 35139678 PMCID: PMC8915230 DOI: 10.1177/09544119221074582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
In vitro test methods are challenged by the multi-factorial nature of head-neck taper connection tribocorrosion due to the consequences of simplification. Incorrect study design and misinterpretation of results has led to contradictory findings regarding important factors affecting head-neck taper tribocorrosion. This review seeks to highlight important considerations when developing in vitro test methods, to help researchers strengthen their study design and analyze the implications of others' design decisions. The advantages, disadvantages, limitations and procedural considerations for finite element analyses, electrochemical studies and in vitro simulations related to head-neck taper connection tribocorrosion are discussed. Finite element analysis offers an efficient method for studying large ranges of mechanical parameters. However, they are limited by neglecting electrochemical, biological and fluid flow factors. Electrochemical studies may be preferred if these factors are considered important. Care must be taken in interpreting data from electrochemical studies, particularly when different materials are compared. Differences in material valence and toxicity affect clinical translation of electrochemical studies' results. At their most complex, electrochemical studies attempt to simulate all aspects of headneck taper connection tribocorrosion in a bench top study. Effective execution requires in-depth knowledge of the tribocorrosion phenomenon, the involved mechanisms, and their measures such that each study design decision is fully informed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian M Wight
- Institute of Biomaterial and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Emil H Schemitsch
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
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Mai PT, Bormann T, Müller U, Kretzer JP, Gibmeier J. Effect of surface topography and residual stress on the taper connection stability in total hip arthroplasty. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2022; 128:105119. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2022.105119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Meng Y, Xu J, Ma L, Jin Z, Prakash B, Ma T, Wang W. A review of advances in tribology in 2020–2021. FRICTION 2022; 10:1443-1595. [PMCID: PMC9552739 DOI: 10.1007/s40544-022-0685-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Around 1,000 peer-reviewed papers were selected from 3,450 articles published during 2020–2021, and reviewed as the representative advances in tribology research worldwide. The survey highlights the development in lubrication, wear and surface engineering, biotribology, high temperature tribology, and computational tribology, providing a show window of the achievements of recent fundamental and application researches in the field of tribology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonggang Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology in Advanced Equipment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084 China
| | - Jun Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology in Advanced Equipment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084 China
| | - Liran Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology in Advanced Equipment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084 China
| | - Zhongmin Jin
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031 China
- School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT UK
| | - Braham Prakash
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology in Advanced Equipment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084 China
| | - Tianbao Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology in Advanced Equipment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084 China
| | - Wenzhong Wang
- School of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100082 China
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