Divulging the various chemical reactivity of trifluoromethyl-4-vinyl-benzene as well as methyl-4-vinyl-benzene in [3+2] cycloaddition reactions

Chromatography Scrutiny, Molecular Docking, Clarifying the Selectivities and the Mechanism of [3 + 2] Cycloloaddition Reaction between Linallol and Chlorobenzene-Nitrile-oxide

Employing the Molecular Electron Density Theory, [3 + 2] cycloaddition processes between 4-chlorobenzenenitrileoxide and linalool, have been applied using the DFT/B3LYP/6-311(d,p) method, activation, reaction energies and the reactivity indices are calculated. In an investigation of conceptual DFT indices, LIL-1 will contribute to this reaction as a nucleophile, whilst NOX-2 will participate as an electrophile. This cyclization is regio, chemo and stereospecific, as demonstrated by the reaction and activation energies, in clear agreement with the experiment's results, in addition, ELF analysis revealed that the mechanism for this cycloaddition occurs in two steps. Furthermore, a docking study was conducted on the products studied, and the interaction with the protein protease COVID-19 (PDB ID: 6LU7), our results indicate that the presence of the -OH group increases the affinity of these products, moreover, adsorption study by chromatography was made on silica gel as support; our outcome reveals that the -OH group creates an intramolecular hydrogen bond in the product P2, while in the product P3 will create a hydrogen bond with the silica gel which makes the two products P2 and P3 are very easy to separate by chromatography, this result is in excellent agreement with the Rf retention value. The study might provide a fundamental for developing natural anti-viral compound in promoting human health.

ADME Study, Molecular Docking, Elucidating the Selectivities and the Mechanism of [4 + 2] Cycloaddition Reaction Between (E)-N ((dimethylamino)methylene)benzothioamide and (S)-3-acryloyl-4-phenyloxazolidin-2-one

The molecular electron density theory (MEDT) was employed to examine the [4 + 2] cycloaddition reaction between (E)-N-((dimethylamino)methylene)benzothioamide (1) and (S)-3-acryloyl-4-phenyloxazolidin-2-one (2) at the B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p) design level. Parr functions and energy studies clearly show that this reaction is regio- and stereoselective, in perfect agreement with experimental results. By evaluating the chemical mechanism in terms of bond evolution theory (BET) and electron localization function (ELF), which divulges a variety of variations in the electron density along the reaction path, a single-step mechanism with highly asynchronous transition states structures was revealed. Additionally, we conducted a docking study on compounds P1, P2, P3, and P4 in the SARS-CoV-2 main protease (6LU7) in comparison to Nirmatrelvir. Our findings provide confirmation that product P4 may serve as a potent antiviral drug.

Explaining the selectivities and the mechanism of [3+2] cycloloaddition reaction between isoalantolactone and diazocyclopropane

CONTEXT

[3+2] cycloaddition processes between isoalantolactone (ISALL) and diazocyclopropane (DCYP), have been surveyed exercising the MEDT, reactivity indices, reactions, and activation energies, are computed. In an investigation of conceptual DFT indices, DCYP behaves as a nucleophile in this reaction, whereas ISALL acts as an electrophile. This cyclization is stereo-, chemo-, and regiospecific, as demonstrated by the activation and reaction energies, in clear agreement with the experiment's results. The mechanism for this [3+2] cycloaddition is occurring in two steps, according to ELF analysis.

METHODS

For the purposes of this investigation, all computations were performed using the Gaussian 09 program. The optimization was completed using Berny's computational gradient optimization approach with the basis set 6-311G(d,p) and wB97XD functional. Frequency computations were utilized to characterize and locate stationary points where the transition phases have just one imaginary frequency and all frequencies for the reactants and products are positive. After evaluating the effect of dichloromethane (DCM) as a reaction solvent, the stationary point optimization was updated using the polarizable continuum model (PCM) developed by the Tomasi team. The electron localization function (ELF) has been examined within the context of topological investigations using Multiwfn software with a 0.05 grid step.

Theoretical investigation on hydrolysis mechanism of cis-platin analogous Pt(II)/Pd(II) complex by DFT calculation and molecular docking approach for their interaction with DNA & HSA

The properties to be an active drug candidate of the complex Pt(TEEDA)Cl₂, C1; Pd(TEEDA)Cl₂, C2 and their hydrolysed product [Pt(TEEDA)(OH₂)₂]²⁺, C1' and [Pd(TEEDA)(OH₂)₂]²⁺, C2' were predicted by Lipinski's rule of 5 and PASS (prediction of activity spectra for substances) web tool. Their structural profile, HOMO-LUMO energy and electronic potential surface ware analysed by DFT calculation. Their TD-DFT spectra were compared with experimental UV-Vis spectra. The hydrolysis mechanisms of C1 & C2 to the diaqua form C1' and C2' were extensively investigated by DFT method in different levels of theory and using CPCM/water model and compared with recognised Pt based anticancer drugs. All the stationary states, including the transition state for the reactions were identified by the DFT calculation. The IRC calculation confirmed that the transition states are well connected and corelate with reactants and products. Interaction of the complexes with DNA & HSA was also investigated by molecular docking study.

Corrosion inhibition performance of azelaic acid dihydrazide: a molecular dynamics and Monte Carlo simulation study

The adsorption of azelaic acid dihydrazide as an environmentally friendly mild steel corrosion inhibitor on the iron surface was modeled in this study. We used density functional theory (DFT) calculations and Monte Carlo (MC) and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to illustrate the interactions engaged. The interaction of the azelaic acid derivatives with iron metal (Fe) was examined by DFT as a typical example of a corrosion prevention mechanism after the optimized molecular structures of these molecules were investigated. Structures, binding energies, Fikui's charge indicator, electron transfer, and chemical potential are all discussed. The presence of significant binding between the inhibitor and Fe metal is supported by analysis of the resultant complex. Then, in an acidic solution comprising 491 H₂O, nine chlorine ion Cl^-, and nine hydronium ion H₃O⁺, molecular dynamics and Monte Carlo (MC) simulation were used to model the adsorption of azelaic acid dihydrazide on the iron Fe (110) surface. In addition, radial distribution function (RDF) and interaction energy (Ei) were evaluated in this work to further our understanding of interactions between azelaic acid dihydrazide and iron surfaces. Furthermore, we discovered that our inhibitors have an excellent ability to slow down the movement of corrosive particles in law temperature and thus to inhibit the metallic substrate against corrosive electrolyte, based on the temperature impact investigation. The result of density functional theory and Monte Carlo and molecular dynamics descriptors obtained were in good agreement with the experimental result.

Theoretical study of the chemical reactivity of a class of trivalent phosphorus derivatives towards polyhaloalkanes: DFT study

In the current work, the chemical reactivity of some trivalent phosphorus derivatives R₂PR^' towards polyhaloalkanes CCl₃POR ' '₂ was studied by the quantum method DFT/B3LYP/6-311G(d,p). The introduction of substituents for the trivalent phosphorus derivative and polyhaloalkane allowed us to have more information on these reactions. On the one hand, the calculation of reactivity indices derived from the DFT/B3LYP/6-311G(d,p) method and the gap_{LUMO - HOMO} show that trivalent organophosphorus derivatives behave as nucleophiles, while polyhaloalkanes act as electrophiles. On the other hand, the calculation of the activation barrier and the determination of the free enthalpy variation prove that the kinetic and thermodynamic products of these reactions result from the nucleophilic attack of the phosphorus atom on the chlorine halogen. All these theoretical predictions are in very good agreement with the experimental results.