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Gutiérrez-Hernández A, Estrada-Soto S, Martínez-Conde C, Gaona-Tovar E, Medina-Franco JL, Hernández-Núñez E, Hidalgo-Figueroa S, Castro-Moreno P, Ibarra-Barajas M, Navarrete-Vazquez G. Synthesis, biosimulation and pharmacological evaluation of benzimidazole derivatives with antihypertensive multitarget effect. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2024; 110:129879. [PMID: 38977106 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2024.129879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2024] [Revised: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
In this study, we synthesized a series of seven benzimidazole derivatives incorporating the structural acidic framework of angiotensin II (Ang II) type 1 receptor (AT1R) antagonists (ARA-II) employing a three-step reaction sequence. The chemical structures were confirmed by 1H NMR, 13C NMR and mass spectral data. Through biosimulation, compounds 1-7 were identified as computational safe hits, thus, best candidates underwent ex vivo testing against two distinct mechanisms implicated in hypertension: antagonism of the Ang II type 1 receptor and the blockade of calcium channel. Molecular docking studies helped to understand at the molecular level the dual vasorelaxant effects with the recognition sites of the AT1R and the L-type calcium channel. In an in vivo spontaneously hypertensive rat model (SHR), intraperitoneally administration of compound 1 at 20 mg/kg resulted in a 25 % reduction in systolic blood pressure, demonstrating both ex vivo vasorelaxant action and in vivo antihypertensive multitarget efficacy. ©2024 Elsevier.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Samuel Estrada-Soto
- Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca 62209, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Carlos Martínez-Conde
- Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca 62209, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Emmanuel Gaona-Tovar
- Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca 62209, Morelos, Mexico
| | - José L Medina-Franco
- Grupo de investigación DIFACQUIM, Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510 México City, Mexico
| | - Emanuel Hernández-Núñez
- Departamento de Recursos del Mar, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados, IPN, Unidad Mérida, Yucatán 97310, Mexico
| | - Sergio Hidalgo-Figueroa
- CONAHCyT-División de Biología Molecular, Instituto Potosino de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica A. C., S. L. P, San Luis Potosí 78216, Mexico
| | - Patricia Castro-Moreno
- Unidad de Investigación en Biomedicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 54090 Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Maximiliano Ibarra-Barajas
- Unidad de Investigación en Biomedicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 54090 Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Gabriel Navarrete-Vazquez
- Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca 62209, Morelos, Mexico.
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In-depth analysis of the interactions of various aryl hydrocarbon receptor ligands from a computational perspective. J Mol Graph Model 2023; 118:108339. [PMID: 36183684 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2022.108339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is a ligand-dependent transcription factor that acts as a machinery that controls the expression of many genes, including cytochrome P450 CYP1A1, CYP1A2 and CYP1B1. It plays a principal role in numerous biological and toxicological functions, making it a promising target for developing therapeutic agents. Several novel small molecules targeting the AhR signaling pathway are currently under investigation as antitumor agents. Some have already advanced into clinical trials in patients with various tumors. Activation of AhR by diverse chemicals either endogenous or exogenous is initiated by the binding of these ligands to the PAS-B domain, which modulates AhR functions. There is, however, limited information about how various ligands interact with the PAS-B domain for activating or inhibiting the AhR. To better understand the mode of action of AhR agonists/antagonists. The current work proposes a combination of several computational tools to build dynamical models for the PAS-B domain bound to different ligands in mouse and human. Our findings reveal the essential roles of specific PAS-B residues (e.g., S365, V381& Q383), which mediate the AhR ligand-binding process. Our results also explain how these residues regulate the promiscuity of AhR in accommodating various chemicals in its binding PAS-B ligand-binding pocket.
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Agrawal YO, Husain M, Patil KD, Sodgir V, Patil TS, Agnihotri VV, Mahajan HS, Sharma C, Ojha S, Goyal SN. Verapamil hydrochloride loaded solid lipid nanoparticles: Preparation, optimization, characterisation, and assessment of cardioprotective effect in experimental model of myocardial infarcted rats. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 154:113429. [PMID: 36007280 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Verapamil, a calcium channel blocker has poor bioavailability (20-30%) owing to extensive hepatic first-pass metabolism. Hence, the major objective of this research was to improve the oral bioavailability of Verapamil by Solid Lipid Nanoparticles (V-SLNs) using high shear homogenization and ultrasonication technology. A 32 factorial design was employed to statistically optimize the formulation to get minimum particle size with maximum entrapment efficiency. The average particle size was 218 nm and the entrapment efficiency was 80.32%. The V-SLN formulation exhibited biphasic behavior with a rapid release at first, then a steady release (75-80%) up to 24 h following the Korsmeyer Peppas release model. In the Isoproterenol induced myocardial necrosis model, oral administration of V-SLNs positively modulated almost all the studied hemodynamic parameters such as left ventricular end-diastolic pressure, cardiac injury markers, and tissue architecture. The cardioprotective effect was also confirmed with histopathological studies. When compared with free drugs, in-vivo pharmacokinetic studies demonstrated a rise in t1/2, AUC0-∞, and Cmax, indicating that bioavailability has improved. These encouraging results demonstrate the promising potential of developed V-SLNs for oral delivery and thereby improve the therapeutic outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yogeeta O Agrawal
- Department of Pharmaceutics, SVKM's Institute of Pharmacy, Dhule, Maharashtra, India.
| | - Muzammil Husain
- Department of Pharmaceutics, SVKM's Institute of Pharmacy, Dhule, Maharashtra, India
| | - Kiran D Patil
- Department of Pharmaceutics, SVKM's Institute of Pharmacy, Dhule, Maharashtra, India
| | - Vishal Sodgir
- Department of Pharmaceutics, N.D.M.V. P's College of Pharmacy, Nashik, Maharashtra, India
| | - Tulshidas S Patil
- Department of Pharmaceutics, SVKM's Institute of Pharmacy, Dhule, Maharashtra, India
| | - Vinit V Agnihotri
- Department of Pharmaceutics, SVKM's Institute of Pharmacy, Dhule, Maharashtra, India
| | - Hitendra S Mahajan
- R.C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Shirpur, District-Dhule, Maharashtra, India
| | - Charu Sharma
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Shreesh Ojha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Sameer N Goyal
- Department of Pharmacology, SVKM's Institute of Pharmacy, Dhule, India, 424001
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Drug-Targeted Genomes: Mutability of Ion Channels and GPCRs. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10030594. [PMID: 35327396 PMCID: PMC8945769 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10030594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations of ion channels and G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are not uncommon and can lead to cardiovascular diseases. Given previously reported multiple factors associated with high mutation rates, we sorted the relative mutability of multiple human genes by (i) proximity to telomeres and/or (ii) high adenine and thymine (A+T) content. We extracted genomic information using the genome data viewer and examined the mutability of 118 ion channel and 143 GPCR genes based on their association with factors (i) and (ii). We then assessed these two factors with 31 genes encoding ion channels or GPCRs that are targeted by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved drugs. Out of the 118 ion channel genes studied, 80 met either factor (i) or (ii), resulting in a 68% match. In contrast, a 78% match was found for the 143 GPCR genes. We also found that the GPCR genes (n = 20) targeted by FDA-approved drugs have a relatively lower mutability than those genes encoding ion channels (n = 11), where targeted genes encoding GPCRs were shorter in length. The result of this study suggests that the use of matching rate analysis on factor-druggable genome is feasible to systematically compare the relative mutability of GPCRs and ion channels. The analysis on chromosomes by two factors identified a unique characteristic of GPCRs, which have a significant relationship between their nucleotide sizes and proximity to telomeres, unlike most genetic loci susceptible to human diseases.
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