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Ibrahim M, Halim SA, Latif A, Ahmad M, Ali S, Ullah S, Khalid A, Abdalla AN, Khan A, Al-Harrasi A, Ali M. Synthesis, biochemical and computational evaluations of novel bis-acylhydrazones of 2,2'-(1,1'-biphenyl)-4,4'-diylbis(oxy))di(acetohydrazide) as dual cholinesterase inhibitors. Bioorg Chem 2024; 144:107144. [PMID: 38281382 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2024.107144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
A series of twenty-seven bis(acylhydrazones) were successfully synthesized with high yields through a multistep process, which entailed the esterification of hydroxyl groups, hydrazination with an excess of hydrazine hydrate, and subsequent reactions with various carbonyl moieties (aldehydes). In the final stage of synthesis, different chemical species including aromatic, heterocyclic, and aliphatic compounds were integrated into the framework. The resulting compounds were characterized using several spectroscopic techniques (1H NMR, 13C NMR, and mass spectrometry). Their anticholinesterase activities were assessed in vitro by examining their interactions with two cholinesterase enzymes: acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE). Among the synthesized hits, compounds 3, 5, 6, 9-12, and 14 exhibited good to moderate inhibition of AChE. Specifically, 10 (IC50 = 26.3 ± 0.4 μM) and 11 (IC50 = 28.4 ± 0.5 μM) showed good inhibitory activity against AChE, while 9, 12, 3, and 6 exhibited significant inhibition potential against AChE with IC50 values ranging from 35.2 ± 1.1 μM to 64.4 ± 0.3 μM. On the other hand, 5 (IC50 = 22.0 ± 1.1 μM) and 27 (IC50 = 31.3 ± 1.3 μM) displayed significant, and 19 (IC50 = 92.6 ± 0.4 μM) showed moderate inhibitory potential for BChE. Notably, 5 and 27 exhibited dual inhibition of AChE and BChE, with greater potency than the standard drug galantamine. The binding patterns of these molecules within the binding cavities of AChE and BChE were anticipated by molecular docking which showed good correlation with our in vitro findings. Further structural optimization of these molecules may yield more potent AChE and BChE inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Ibrahim
- Department of Chemistry, University of Malakand, Chakdara 18800, Dir Lower, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Sobia Ahsan Halim
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Centre, University of Nizwa, PO Box 33, 616 Birkat Al Mauz, Nizwa, Oman
| | - Abdul Latif
- Department of Chemistry, University of Malakand, Chakdara 18800, Dir Lower, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Manzoor Ahmad
- Department of Chemistry, University of Malakand, Chakdara 18800, Dir Lower, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Sajid Ali
- Department of Chemistry, University of Malakand, Chakdara 18800, Dir Lower, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Samee Ullah
- Department of Chemistry, University of Malakand, Chakdara 18800, Dir Lower, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Asaad Khalid
- Substance Abuse and Toxicology Research Center, Jazan University, P.O. Box: 114, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ashraf N Abdalla
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ajmal Khan
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Centre, University of Nizwa, PO Box 33, 616 Birkat Al Mauz, Nizwa, Oman.
| | - Ahmed Al-Harrasi
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Centre, University of Nizwa, PO Box 33, 616 Birkat Al Mauz, Nizwa, Oman.
| | - Mumtaz Ali
- Department of Chemistry, University of Malakand, Chakdara 18800, Dir Lower, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
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Saha B, Das A, Jangid K, Kumar A, Kumar V, Jaitak V. Identification of coumarin derivatives targeting acetylcholinesterase for Alzheimer's disease by field-based 3D-QSAR, pharmacophore model-based virtual screening, molecular docking, MM/GBSA, ADME and MD Simulation study. Curr Res Struct Biol 2024; 7:100124. [PMID: 38292820 PMCID: PMC10826614 DOI: 10.1016/j.crstbi.2024.100124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) leads to gradual memory loss including other compromised cognitive abilities. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE), an important biochemical enzyme from the cholinesterase (ChE) family, is recognized as primary pharmacological target for treating AD. Currently marketed drugs for AD treatment are primarily AChE inhibitors and coumarin derivatives comprising a wide variety of pharmacological activities have proved their efficacy towards AChE inhibition. Ensaculin (KA-672 HCl), a compound that belong to the coumarin family, is a clinical trial candidate for AD treatment. Therefore, a ligand library was prepared with 60 reported coumarin derivatives for field-based 3D-QSAR and pharmacophore modelling. The field-based 3D-QSAR model obtained at partial least square (PLS) factor 7, was the best validated model that predicted activity closer to original activity for each ligand introduced. The contour maps demonstrated spatial distribution of favourable and unfavorable steric, hydrophobic, electrostatic and H-bond donor and acceptor contours around coumarin nucleus. The best pharmacophore model, ADHRR_1 exhibited five essential pharmacophoric features of four different traits for optimum AChE inhibition. Virtual screening through ADHRR_1 accompanied with molecular docking and MM/GBSA identified 10 HITs from a 4,00,000 coumarin derivatives from PubChem database. HITs comprised docking scores ranging from -12.096 kcal/mol to -8.271 kcal/mol and compared with the reference drug Donepezil (-8.271 kcal/mol). ADME properties analysis led into detecting two leads (HIT 1 and HIT 2) among these 10 HITs. Molecular Dynamics Simulation indicated thermodynamic stability of the complex of lead compounds with AChE protein. Finally, thorough survey of the experimental results from 3D-QSAR modelling, pharmacophore modelling and molecular docking interactions led us to develop the lead formula I for future advancements in treating AD through AChE inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bikram Saha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, Bathinda, 151401, India
| | - Agnidipta Das
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, Bathinda, 151401, India
| | - Kailash Jangid
- Department of Chemistry, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, Bathinda, 151401, India
| | - Amit Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, Bathinda, 151401, India
| | - Vinod Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, Bathinda, 151401, India
| | - Vikas Jaitak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, Bathinda, 151401, India
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Yenigun S, Ipek Y, Marah S, Demirtas I, Ozen T. DNA protection, molecular docking, antioxidant, antibacterial, enzyme inhibition, and enzyme kinetic studies for parietin, isolated from Xanthoria parietina (L.) Th. Fr. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024; 42:848-862. [PMID: 37021462 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2196693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
Abstract
Parietin was isolated from Xanthoria parietina (L.) Th. Fr.' (methanol:chloroform) extract, using a silica column. 13 C NMR and 1H NMR were used to confirm the structure of the isolated parietin. For the first time, parietin was investigated for its antioxidant, antibacterial and DNA protective activities. Molecular docking was carried out to determine the binding affinity and interactions between the enzymes and our molecule. Inhibition and kinetic mechanism studies for the action of the enzymes were performed too. Parietin exhibited high metal chelating activity. The MIC values of parietin were sufficient to inhibit different bacterial strains; E. coli, P. aeruginosa, K. pneumoniae and S. aureus. Molecular docking applications exhibited that acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), lipase, and tyrosinase have high potential for binding with the parietin. Especially, the parietin's highest binding affinity was recorded with AChE and tyrosinase. These results were confirmed by the inhibition and kinetics results, where, parietin observed a potent inhibition with an IC50 values between 0.013-0.003 µM. Moreover, parietin acts' as a non-competitive inhibitor against AChE, BChE, and lipase, and as a competitive inhibitor against tyrosinase with a high rate of inhibition stability. The promising biological properties of parietin revealed its effectiveness in terms of suitability in the food and pharmaceutical industries.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Semiha Yenigun
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Yasar Ipek
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Art, Cankiri Karatekin University, Cankiri, Turkey
| | - Sarmad Marah
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Ibrahim Demirtas
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Art, Igdir University, Igdir, Turkey
| | - Tevfik Ozen
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey
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Leong ST, Liew SY, Khaw KY, Ahmad Hassali H, Richomme P, Derbré S, Lee VS, Yahya R, Awang K. 13C NMR-based dereplication using MixONat software to decipher potent anti-cholinesterase compounds in Mesua lepidota bark. Bioorg Chem 2023; 141:106859. [PMID: 37742494 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Revised: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
A bio-assay guided fractionation strategy based on cholinesterase assay combined with 13C NMR-based dereplication was used to identify active metabolites from the bark of Mesua lepidota. Eight compounds were identified with the aid of the 13C NMR-based dereplication software, MixONat, i.e., sitosterol (1), stigmasterol (2), α-amyrin (3), friedelin (6), 3β-friedelinol (7), betulinic acid (9), lepidotol A (10) and lepidotol B (11). Further bio-assay guided isolation of active compounds afforded one xanthone, pyranojacareubin (12) and six coumarins; lepidotol A (10), lepidotol B (11), lepidotol E (13), lepidotin A (14), and lepidotin B (15), including a new Mammea coumarin, lepidotin C (16). All the metabolites showed strong to moderate butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) inhibition. Lepidotin B (15) exhibited the most potent inhibition towards BChE with a mix-mode inhibition profile and a Ki value of 1.03 µM. Molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations have revealed that lepidotin B (15) forms stable interactions with key residues within five critical regions of BChE. These regions encompass residues Asp70 and Tyr332, the acyl hydrophobic pocket marked by Leu286, the catalytic triad represented by Ser198 and His438, the oxyanion hole (OH) constituted by Gly116 and Gly117, and the choline binding site featuring Trp82. To gauge the binding strength of lepidotin B (15) and to pinpoint pivotal residues at the binding interface, free energy calculations were conducted using the Molecular Mechanics Generalized Born Surface Area (MM-GBSA) approach. This analysis not only predicted a favourable binding affinity for lepidotin B (15) but also facilitated the identification of significant residues crucial for the binding interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sow Tein Leong
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Sook Yee Liew
- Chemistry Division, Centre for Foundation Studies in Science, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Centre for Natural Products Research and Drug Discovery (CENAR), Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kooi Yeong Khaw
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, 47500 Subang Jaya, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Hazlina Ahmad Hassali
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Medical Technology Division, Malaysian Nuclear Agency, 43000 Kajang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | | | | | - Vannajan Sanghiran Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ruzanna Yahya
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Khalijah Awang
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Centre for Natural Products Research and Drug Discovery (CENAR), Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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Conger N, Osmaniye D, Sağlık BN, Levent S, Ozkay Y, Kaplancıklı ZA. Design, synthesis, biological activities, and evaluation of molecular docking-dynamics studies of new thiosemicarbazones that may be effective against Alzheimer's disease. J Mol Recognit 2023; 36:e3059. [PMID: 37723924 DOI: 10.1002/jmr.3059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
Donepezil is one of the most used drugs in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Its activity as an AChE inhibitor makes new studies with these enzyme inhibitors attractive. For this purpose, in this study, 12 compounds including thiosemicarbazone pharmacophore, have been synthesized for the treatment of the Alzheimer's disease. 3,4-Dimethoxybenzene or 1,3-benzodioxolone rings were used for the PAS region. The substituted piperazine benzene structure is preferred for the CAS region. At the same time, the thiosemicarbazone pharmacophore structure with known ChE enzyme inhibition potential was used as a bridge connecting the CAS and PAS regions. Structure determination of compounds 3a-3l were revealed using 13 C-NMR, 1 H-NMR, and HRMS spectroscopic methods. The inhibition profile of obtained compounds (3a-3l) against ChE was evaluated using in vitro modified Ellman method. Compounds 3a, 3b, 3f, 3g and 3i exhibited inhibitory activity against the AChE enzyme. Compound 3a showed the highest inhibitory potential with an IC50 = 0.030 ± 0.001 μM. As a result of molecular docking studies, compound 3a displayed important interactions compared to other active derivatives. Molecular dynamics studies are important to see the stability of the complex formed by ligand and protein. RMSD, RMSF ang Rg parameters were calculated via dynamic studies. In conclusion, compound 3a may be a potential AChE enzyme inhibitor with its strong inhibitory potential and behavior in silico.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neslihan Conger
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Derya Osmaniye
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir, Turkey
- Central Analysis Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Begüm Nurpelin Sağlık
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir, Turkey
- Central Analysis Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Serkan Levent
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir, Turkey
- Central Analysis Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Yusuf Ozkay
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir, Turkey
- Central Analysis Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Zafer Asım Kaplancıklı
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir, Turkey
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6
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Osmaniye D, Ahmad I, Sağlık BN, Levent S, Patel HM, Ozkay Y, Kaplancıklı ZA. Design, synthesis and molecular docking and ADME studies of novel hydrazone derivatives for AChE inhibitory, BBB permeability and antioxidant effects. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023; 41:9022-9038. [PMID: 36325982 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2022.2139762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive and fatal neurodegenerative disease that is characterized by memory and cognitive impairments that predominantly affects the elderly and is the most common cause of dementia. As is known, the AChE enzyme consists of two parts. In this work, 10 new hydrazones (3a-3j) were designed and synthesized. Naphthalene, indole, benzofuran and benzothiophene rings were used to interact with the PAS region. 4-fluorophenyl and 4-fluorobenzyl structures were preferred for interaction with the CAS region. In biological activity studies, the AChE and BChE inhibitory potentials of all compounds were evaluated using the in vitro Ellman method. The biological evaluation showed that compounds 3i and 3j displayed significant activity against AChE. The compounds 3i and 3j displayed IC50 values of 0.034 and 0.027 µM against AChE, respectively. The reference drug donepezil (IC50 = 0.021 µM) also displayed a significant inhibition against AChE. In addition, the antioxidant activities of the compounds were also evaluated. Derivatives 3i and 3j, which emerged active from both in vitro activity studies, were subjected to in vitro PAMPA tests to determine BBB permeability. Further docking simulation also revealed that these compounds (3i, 3j and donepezil) interacted with the enzyme active site in a similar manner to donepezil. A few parameters derived from MD simulation trajectories were computed and validated for the protein-ligand complex's stability under the dynamic conditions.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derya Osmaniye
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir, Turkey
- Central Research Laboratory (MERLAB), Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Iqrar Ahmad
- Division of Computer Aided Drug Design, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, R. C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Shirpur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Begüm Nurpelin Sağlık
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir, Turkey
- Central Research Laboratory (MERLAB), Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Serkan Levent
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir, Turkey
- Central Research Laboratory (MERLAB), Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Harun M Patel
- Division of Computer Aided Drug Design, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, R. C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Shirpur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Yusuf Ozkay
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir, Turkey
- Central Research Laboratory (MERLAB), Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Zafer Asım Kaplancıklı
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir, Turkey
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Alom MM, Bonna RP, Islam A, Alom MW, Rahman ME, Faruqe MO, Khalekuzzaman M, Zaman R, Islam MA. Unveiling Neuroprotective Potential of Spice Plant-Derived Compounds against Alzheimer's Disease: Insights from Computational Studies. Int J Alzheimers Dis 2023; 2023:8877757. [PMID: 37744007 PMCID: PMC10516701 DOI: 10.1155/2023/8877757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a serious threat to the global health care system and is brought on by a series of factors that cause neuronal dysfunction and impairment in memory and cognitive decline. This study investigated the therapeutic potential of phytochemicals that belong to the ten regularly used spice plants, based on their binding affinity with AD-associated proteins. Comprehensive docking studies were performed using AutoDock Vina in PyRx followed by molecular dynamic (MD) simulations using AMBER 14. The docking study of the chosen molecules revealed the binding energies of their interactions with the target proteins, while MD simulations were carried out to verify the steadiness of bound complexes. Through the Lipinski filter and admetSAR analysis, the chosen compounds' pharmacokinetic characteristics and drug likeness were also examined. The pharmacophore mapping study was also done and analyzed for best selected molecules. Additionally, principal component analysis (PCA) was used to examine how the general motion of the protein changed. The results showed quercetin and myricetin to be potential inhibitors of AChE and alpha-amyrin and beta-chlorogenin to be potential inhibitors of BuChE, exhibiting best binding energies comparable to those of donepezil, used as a positive control. The multiple descriptors from the simulation study, root mean square deviation (RMSD), root mean square fluctuation (RMSF), hydrogen bond, radius of gyration (Rg), and solvent-accessible surface areas (SASA), confirm the stable nature of the protein-ligand complexes. Molecular mechanic Poisson-Boltzmann surface area (MM-PBSA) binding free energy calculations indicated the energetically favorable binding of the ligands to the protein. Finally, according to pharmacokinetic properties and drug likeness, characteristics showed that quercetin and myricetin for AChE and alpha-amyrin and beta-chlorogenin for BuChE were found to be the most effective agents for treating the AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Murshid Alom
- Professor O.I Joarder DNA and Chromosome Research Laboratory, Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh
| | - Rejwana Parvin Bonna
- Professor O.I Joarder DNA and Chromosome Research Laboratory, Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh
| | - Ariful Islam
- Professor O.I Joarder DNA and Chromosome Research Laboratory, Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Wasim Alom
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Ekhtiar Rahman
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh
| | - Md Omar Faruqe
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Khalekuzzaman
- Professor O.I Joarder DNA and Chromosome Research Laboratory, Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh
| | - Rashed Zaman
- Professor O.I Joarder DNA and Chromosome Research Laboratory, Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Asadul Islam
- Professor O.I Joarder DNA and Chromosome Research Laboratory, Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh
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Pseudo-irreversible butyrylcholinesterase inhibitors: Structure-activity relationships, computational and crystallographic study of the N-dialkyl O-arylcarbamate warhead. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 247:115048. [PMID: 36586299 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.115048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Alongside reversible butyrylcholinesterase inhibitors, a plethora of covalent butyrylcholinesterase inhibitors have been reported in the literature, typically pseudo-irreversible carbamates. For these latter, however, most cases lack full confirmation of their covalent mode of action. Additionally, the available reports regarding the structure-activity relationships of the O-arylcarbamate warhead are incomplete. Therefore, a follow-up on a series of pseudo-irreversible covalent carbamate human butyrylcholinesterase inhibitors and the structure-activity relationships of the N-dialkyl O-arylcarbamate warhead are presented in this study. The covalent mechanism of binding was tested by IC50 time-dependency profiles, and sequentially and increasingly confirmed by kinetic analysis, whole protein LC-MS, and crystallographic analysis. Computational studies provided valuable insights into steric constraints and identified problematic, bulky carbamate warheads that cannot reach and carbamoylate the catalytic Ser198. Quantum mechanical calculations provided further evidence that steric effects appear to be a key factor in determining the covalent binding behaviour of these carbamate cholinesterase inhibitors and their duration of action. Additionally, the introduction of a clickable terminal alkyne moiety into one of the carbamate N-substituents and in situ derivatisation with azide-containing fluorophore enabled fluorescent labelling of plasma human butyrylcholinesterase. This proof-of-concept study highlights the potential of this novel approach and for these compounds to be further developed as clickable molecular probes for investigating tissue localisation and activity of cholinesterases.
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Cui X, Deng S, Li G, Zhang Y, Wang L, Wu C, Deng Y. Butenolide derivatives from Aspergillus terreus selectively inhibit butyrylcholinesterase. Front Chem 2022; 10:1063284. [PMID: 36618870 PMCID: PMC9811682 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.1063284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Two undescribed butenolide derivatives, asperteretal J (1) and K (2), together with 13 known ones (3-15) were isolated from an endophytic fungus Aspergillus terreus SGP-1, the fermentation product of which exhibited selective inhibitory activity toward butyrylcholinesterase. The structures of the new compounds were elucidated based on HRMS and NMR data, and the absolute configurations were determined by specific optical rotation comparison. All compounds were evaluated for cholinesterase inhibitory effects with galantamine as a positive control. Compounds 4-8 selectively inhibited butyrylcholinesterase with IC50 values of 18.4-45.8 µM in a competitive manner, with Ki values of 12.3-38.2 µM. The structure-activity relationship was discussed. Molecular docking and dynamic simulation of the inhibitor-enzyme complex were performed to better understand the interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Cui
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China,College of Life Sciences and Agronomy, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, China
| | - Shanshan Deng
- College of Life Sciences and Agronomy, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, China
| | - Guoyin Li
- College of Life Sciences and Agronomy, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, China
| | - Yunxia Zhang
- College of Life Sciences and Agronomy, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, China
| | - Lining Wang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Changjing Wu
- College of Life Sciences and Agronomy, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, China,*Correspondence: Changjing Wu, ; Yanru Deng,
| | - Yanru Deng
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China,*Correspondence: Changjing Wu, ; Yanru Deng,
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Sun S, Shi T, Peng Y, Zhang H, Zhuo L, Peng X, Li Q, Wang M, Wang S, Wang Z. Discovery of pyrrole derivatives as acetylcholinesterase-sparing butyrylcholinesterase inhibitor. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1043397. [PMID: 36561337 PMCID: PMC9763612 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1043397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Inspired by the crucial roles of (hetero)aryl rings in cholinesterase inhibitors and the pyrrole ring in new drug discovery, we synthesized 19 pyrrole derivatives and investigated their cholinesterase inhibitory activity. As a result, compounds 3o, 3p, and 3s with a 1,3-diaryl-pyrrole skeleton showed high selectivity toward BChE over AChE with a best IC50 value of 1.71 ± 0.087 µM, which were comparable to donepezil. The pharmaceutical potential of these structures was further predicted and compounds 3o and 3p were proved to meet well with the Lipinsky's five rules. In combination of the inhibition kinetic studies with the results of molecular docking, we concluded that compound 3p inhibited BChE in a mixed competitive mode. This research has proved the potential of the 1,3-diaryl-pyrrole skeleton as a kind of selective BChE inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shouyuan Sun
- Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Tao Shi
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yan Peng
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Honghua Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Linsheng Zhuo
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Xue Peng
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Qien Li
- Tibetan Medical College, Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Manxia Wang
- Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China,*Correspondence: Manxia Wang, ; Shuzhi Wang, ; Zhen Wang,
| | - Shuzhi Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China,*Correspondence: Manxia Wang, ; Shuzhi Wang, ; Zhen Wang,
| | - Zhen Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China,School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China,*Correspondence: Manxia Wang, ; Shuzhi Wang, ; Zhen Wang,
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