1
|
Chen Q, Moore J, Noel L, von Sternberg K, Jones B. Sociodemographic Correlates of Low Health Literacy Skills Among Cancer Survivors: National Findings From BRFSS 2016. Am J Health Promot 2024; 38:757-766. [PMID: 38108189 DOI: 10.1177/08901171231222073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to explore associations of sociodemographic factors with difficulties in three health literacy (HL) skills and the severity of low HL skills. DESIGN Cross-sectional secondary data analysis. Subjects: Data came from 17,834 adults who responded to the HL module with a response rate of 47% in the 2016 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. MEASURES Independent variables included sex, age, race/ethnicity, education, employment and income. Dependent variables are three HL skills: obtaining, understanding oral, and understanding written health information. ANALYSIS We conducted weighted Chi-square tests and multinominal logistic regressions. RESULTS Cancer survivors younger than 65 (aged 18-39: AOR = 4.46, P < .001; aged 40-64: AOR = 2.29, P < .001), Hispanic (AOR = 2.17, CI = 1.61-2.50, P < .01) had higher odds of difficulty obtaining health information. Female cancer survivors had lower odds of difficulty comprehending oral (AOR = .69, CI = .55-.87, P < .01) and written (AOR = .58, CI = .46-.74, P < .001) information. The relative risk ratio of having difficulties in three HL tasks was higher for those who were younger than 65 (aged 18-39: RRR = 10.18, CI = 2.41-4.3, P < .01; aged 40-64: RRR = 4.01, CI = 2.09-7.69, P < .001), Hispanic (RRR = 3.24, CI = 1.66-11.34, P < .01), unemployed (RRR = 6.1, CI = 2.88-12.76, P < .001), education levels lower than some college (some high school: RRR = 4.34, P < .01; high school: RRR = 2.62, P < .05) and household income under $25,000 (RRR = 6.99, CI = 2.8-17.5, P < .001). CONCLUSION Intervention and communication materials need to be tailored for patients with different HL skills considering age, gender, socioeconomic status and cultural backgrounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qi Chen
- Silberman School of Social Work, Hunter College, City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - John Moore
- College of Social Work, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Lailea Noel
- Steve Hicks School of Social Work, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Kirk von Sternberg
- Steve Hicks School of Social Work, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Barbara Jones
- School of Social Work, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Lee EM, Jiménez-Fonseca P, Carmona-Bayonas A, Hernández R, Cruz-Castellanos P, Obispo B, Antoñanzas-Basa M, Palacín-Lois M, Castillo-Trujillo OA, Calderon C. Clinicians' and Advanced Cancer Patients' Estimates of Treatment Efficacy and Toxicity in Oncologic Treatment. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:2222. [PMID: 37570462 PMCID: PMC10419268 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11152222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of the study was to compare curability expectations between clinicians and patients and examine the influence of sociodemographic and clinical variables on these expectations and satisfaction within the clinician-patient relationship. This prospective study, conducted from February 2020 to May 2023, involved 986 advanced cancer patients. The patients completed questionnaires assessing treatment efficacy and toxicity predictions and the Scale to Assess the Therapeutic Relationship (STAR). Seventy-four percent of advanced cancer patients had an inaccurate perception of treatment curability. Clinicians perceived male patients with lung or digestive cancer without adenocarcinoma at locally advanced stages, with fewer comorbidities and better functional status (ECOG), as having higher curability expectations. Clinicians tended to have more realistic expectations than patients, since they had to consider the presence of treatment's side effects, while patients underestimated the possibility of experiencing these adverse effects. Patients who had more favorable expectations regarding survival and quality of life were found to be more satisfied with the care provided by their oncologists. It is crucial for patients to understand the treatment goals and establish realistic expectations in order to actively participate in decision-making and achieve a better quality of life at the end of life.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eun Mi Lee
- Faculty of Psychology, University of Barcelona, 08007 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Paula Jiménez-Fonseca
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Instituto de Investigación del Principado de Asturias, ISPA, 33007 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Alberto Carmona-Bayonas
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital General Universitario Morales Meseguer, University of Murcia, 30008 Murcia, Spain
| | - Raquel Hernández
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, 38320 Tenerife, Spain
| | | | - Berta Obispo
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Universitario Infanta Leonor, 28031 Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Oscar A. Castillo-Trujillo
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Instituto de Investigación del Principado de Asturias, ISPA, 33007 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Caterina Calderon
- Faculty of Psychology, University of Barcelona, 08007 Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Goodwin BC, Myers L, McKenna KN, Anderson LE, Ireland MJ. The role of need for control and self-reliance in gender and age differences in bowel cancer screening participation. Psychooncology 2022; 31:1988-1996. [PMID: 35726402 DOI: 10.1002/pon.5979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the relationships between need for control and self-reliance and barriers to bowel cancer screening to better understand the reasons for lower bowel cancer screening adherence in males and younger individuals. METHODS Participants (n = 506) aged between 54 and 75 years old completed an online survey measuring demographic information, the four-factor Barriers to Home Bowel Cancer Screening Scale (BB-CanS) and a measure of Need for Control and Self-Reliance (NCSR). Model fit statistics were compared for seven path models testing the relationships between NCSR and BB-CanS factors and the moderating and mediating effects of age and gender. RESULTS Models where age and gender were included as moderators showed the best fit. When compared to females and those under 60 years of age, stronger positive associations between NCSR and BB-CanS factors were evident among males (βavoidance = 0.539, p < 0.001); βdisgust = 0.558, p < 0.001; βdifficulty = 0.489, p < 0.001; βautonomy = 0.619, p = 0.002) and those over 60 years of age (βavoidance = 0.400, p < 0.001); βdisgust = 0.462, p < 0.001; βdifficulty = 0.447, p < 0.001; βautonomy = 0.378, p < 0.001. CONCLUSIONS When encouraging males and people aged 60 years and over to participate in bowel cancer screening, public health messages may benefit from conveying preventative health behaviour and cancer screening participation as actions that reflect self-control and self-reliance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Belinda C Goodwin
- Cancer Council Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Centre for Health Research, University of Southern Queensland, Springfield, Australia
| | - Larry Myers
- Cancer Council Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,School of Psychology and Well-Being, University of Southern Queensland, Springfield, Australia
| | - Kirsten N McKenna
- School of Psychology and Well-Being, University of Southern Queensland, Springfield, Australia
| | | | - Michael J Ireland
- Cancer Council Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Centre for Health Research, University of Southern Queensland, Springfield, Australia.,School of Psychology and Well-Being, University of Southern Queensland, Springfield, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ezenwankwo EF, Oladoyimbo CA, Dogo HM, Idowu AA, Alabi AO, Oyelekan A, Ajayi AO, Ogo CN, Mbadiwe O, Nwadilibe IB, Rivers B, Kaninjing E. Factors Influencing Help-Seeking Behavior in Men with Symptoms of Prostate Cancer: A Qualitative Study Using an Ecological Perspective. Cancer Invest 2021; 39:529-538. [PMID: 34014791 DOI: 10.1080/07357907.2021.1933009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
This qualitative study explored factors that could potentially influence help-seeking in men with symptoms of prostate cancer in Nigeria. A face-to-face interview was conducted with 27 men, between 54 and 84 years, diagnosed with prostate cancer ≤ 2 years prior to the interview. Data were analyzed using thematic framework approach. Several factors were identified and further captured as intrapersonal, interpersonal, and institutional/community level factors using an ecological perspective. These factors interact to impact negatively on the help-seeking behavior of men with symptoms of prostate cancer. These findings support the formulation of public health strategies to improve men's help-seeking behavior in Nigeria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hassan Mohammed Dogo
- Department of Surgery, Urology Division, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Nigeria
| | - Ademola Amos Idowu
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Ekiti State University College of Medicine, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria
| | - Adewumi Olabimpe Alabi
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Idi-araba, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Abimbola Oyelekan
- Department of Surgery, Olabisi Onabanjo University Teaching Hospital, Sagamu, Nigeria
| | | | | | - Okezie Mbadiwe
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Nigeria, Enugu, Nigeria
| | | | - Brian Rivers
- Department of Community Health and Preventive Medicine, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Ernie Kaninjing
- School of Health and Human Performance, Georgia College and State University, Milledgeville, GA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Al-Azri M, Al-Hinai AS, Al-Ghafri MH, Panchatcharam SM. Knowledge and Awareness of Prostate Cancer Among Omani Men Attending a Teaching Hospital. JOURNAL OF CANCER EDUCATION : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR CANCER EDUCATION 2020; 35:1002-1010. [PMID: 31154637 DOI: 10.1007/s13187-019-01556-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Prostate cancer is ranked as the fourth most prevalent cancer in the world and the second most common cancer affecting men. In Oman, prostate cancer is one of the most common cancers among men, with the majority of prostate cancer patients presenting in the more advanced stages of the disease. Public awareness of the risk factors, symptoms and emphasising the importance of seeking early medical attention could help to improve the outcomes and survival rates of prostate cancer patients. The aim of this study is to determine the awareness levels of the risk factors, symptoms and barriers to seeking early medical intervention among adult Omani men. A validated questionnaire measuring the knowledge of risk factors, symptoms and barriers to seeking early medical help was used to collect data from adult Omani men attending a teaching hospital in Muscat, Oman. Out of 720 men who were invited, 600 participated in the study (response rate = 83%). The most recognised risk factor was obesity (366; 61.0%), and the least was sexually transmitted diseases (204; 34.0%); the most recognised symptom was unexplained weight loss (26.5%), the least was changes in seminal fluid (13.3%); the most common barrier to seeking early intervention was "not trusting the medical knowledge of the doctors" (57.5%), the least was "difficulty in arranging transport" (19.5%). Age, education level, marital status and family history of cancer were significantly associated with the participants' knowledge of prostate cancer. Participants received a significant part of their prostate cancer awareness via the social media. National awareness campaigns using social media and information leaflets are needed to educate Omani men on prostate cancer awareness and prevention and to increase trust in the expertise of medical professionals. Further research exploring the barriers to seeking early medical intervention is needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Al-Azri
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Goodwin BC, Ralph N, Ireland MJ, Hyde MK, Oliffe JL, Dunn J, Chambers S. The role of masculinities in psychological and emotional help seeking by men with prostate cancer. Psychooncology 2019; 29:356-363. [DOI: 10.1002/pon.5264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Belinda C. Goodwin
- Cancer Council Queensland Brisbane Australia
- Centre for Health Research University of Southern Queensland Australia
| | - Nicholas Ralph
- Cancer Council Queensland Brisbane Australia
- Centre for Health Research University of Southern Queensland Australia
- School of Nursing & Midwifery University of Southern Queensland Australia
- Faculty of Health University of Technology Sydney Ultimo Australia
| | - Michael J. Ireland
- Centre for Health Research University of Southern Queensland Australia
- School of Psychology University of Southern Queensland Australia
| | - Melissa K. Hyde
- School of Psychology The University of Queensland Brisbane Australia
| | | | - Jeff Dunn
- Cancer Council Queensland Brisbane Australia
- Centre for Health Research University of Southern Queensland Australia
- Prostate Cancer Foundation of Australia Sydney Australia
| | - Suzanne Chambers
- Centre for Health Research University of Southern Queensland Australia
- Faculty of Health University of Technology Sydney Ultimo Australia
- Edith Cowan University Perth Australia
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Prostate cancer awareness, case-finding, and early diagnosis: Interviews with undiagnosed men in Australia. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0211539. [PMID: 30845152 PMCID: PMC6405086 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0211539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous research in Victoria, Australia, found differences in prostate cancer outcomes in regional and metropolitan areas. This investigation of undiagnosed men in regional areas and a metropolitan area of South Australia sought their perspectives on prostate cancer. Our aim was to learn whether men who had not been diagnosed could shed light on why men outside metropolitan areas tended to have poorer outcomes than metropolitan men. Our goal was to build on evidence contributing to improving outcomes in prostate cancer care. Semi-structured interviews were designed to elicit explanation and meaning. 15 men (10 metropolitan, 5 regional) not diagnosed with prostate cancer were recruited through widely-distributed flyers in medical and community settings. Interviews were recorded and transcribed; transcripts were analysed thematically. Five main themes were identified, four of which were prompted by the questions: Addressing prostate health, Experiences with and expectations of GPs, Differences in care between regional and metropolitan areas, and Achieving early diagnosis. The fifth theme arose spontaneously: Australian masculinity. Men identified as problematic the limited availability of GPs in regional areas, the lack of consistency in approaches to prostate cancer detection, and men’s reluctance to seek medical care. Community-level strategies appear to be valued to encourage men to address prostate health. Maintaining and extending a systemic approach to prostate care may improve outcomes for men in Australia.
Collapse
|
8
|
Menichetti J, De Luca L, Dordoni P, Donegani S, Marenghi C, Valdagni R, Bellardita L. Making Active Surveillance a path towards health promotion: A qualitative study on prostate cancer patients' perceptions of health promotion during Active Surveillance. Eur J Cancer Care (Engl) 2019; 28:e13014. [PMID: 30761643 DOI: 10.1111/ecc.13014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Revised: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Health promotion is a key aspect for health outcomes of prostate cancer (PCa) patients. However, it has been poorly explored among patients following monitoring programmes, for example Active Surveillance (AS). This study aimed to explore PCa patients' perceptions of health promotion during AS. METHODS An explorative qualitative research design was adopted. Four focus groups were used to collected data from 24 men enrolled in the Prostate Cancer Research International: AS (PRIAS) protocol. A thematic analysis with an inductive approach was performed. RESULTS Participants described promoting health during AS as challenged by mental, age-related, informational and organisational issues. It was reported as an effort to stay in the present with a positive outlook, despite the worries for the future ("the mental theme"). It was perceived as impacted by being older and having to manage physical and mental struggles related to age ("the life-course theme"). It depended, in their accounts, on obtaining reliable information and personalised education ("the educational theme"). Finally, it was related on taking responsibility on the care process ("the organisational theme"). CONCLUSION This study suggested ways of promoting health during AS that can help healthcare professionals and organisations building a "health-promoting AS," able to improve overall health outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Menichetti
- Prostate Cancer Program, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Dei Tumori, Milano, Italy.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Letizia De Luca
- Prostate Cancer Program, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Dei Tumori, Milano, Italy
| | - Paola Dordoni
- Prostate Cancer Program, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Dei Tumori, Milano, Italy
| | - Simona Donegani
- Prostate Cancer Program, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Dei Tumori, Milano, Italy
| | - Cristina Marenghi
- Prostate Cancer Program, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Dei Tumori, Milano, Italy
| | - Riccardo Valdagni
- Prostate Cancer Program, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Dei Tumori, Milano, Italy.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Dei Tumori, Milano, Italy.,Department of Oncology and Haemato-Oncology, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Lara Bellardita
- Prostate Cancer Program, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Dei Tumori, Milano, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
James LJ, Wong G, Craig JC, Hanson CS, Ju A, Howard K, Usherwood T, Lau H, Tong A. Men's perspectives of prostate cancer screening: A systematic review of qualitative studies. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0188258. [PMID: 29182649 PMCID: PMC5705146 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0188258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Prostate cancer is the most commonly diagnosed non-skin cancer in men. Screening for prostate cancer is widely accepted; however concerns regarding the harms outweighing the benefits of screening exist. Although patient’s play a pivotal role in the decision making process, men may not be aware of the controversies regarding prostate cancer screening. Therefore we aimed to describe men’s attitudes, beliefs and experiences of prostate cancer screening. Methods Systematic review and thematic synthesis of qualitative studies on men’s perspectives of prostate cancer screening. Electronic databases and reference lists were searched to October 2016. Findings Sixty studies involving 3,029 men aged from 18–89 years, who had been screened for prostate cancer by Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA) or Digital Rectal Examination (DRE) and not screened, across eight countries were included. Five themes were identified: Social prompting (trusting professional opinion, motivation from family and friends, proximity and prominence of cancer); gaining decisional confidence (overcoming fears, survival imperative, peace of mind, mental preparation, prioritising wellbeing); preserving masculinity (bodily invasion, losing sexuality, threatening manhood, medical avoidance); avoiding the unknown and uncertainties (taboo of cancer-related death, lacking tangible cause, physiological and symptomatic obscurity, ambiguity of the procedure, confusing controversies); and prohibitive costs. Conclusions Men are willing to participate in prostate cancer screening to prevent cancer and gain reassurance about their health, particularly when supported or prompted by their social networks or healthcare providers. However, to do so they needed to mentally overcome fears of losing their masculinity and accept the intrusiveness of screening, the ambiguities about the necessity and the potential for substantial costs. Addressing the concerns and priorities of men may facilitate informed decisions about prostate cancer screening and improve patient satisfaction and outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura J. James
- Sydney School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Centre for Kidney Research, The Children’s Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, Australia
- * E-mail:
| | - Germaine Wong
- Sydney School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Centre for Kidney Research, The Children’s Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, Australia
- Centre for Transplant and Renal Research, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, Australia
| | - Jonathan C. Craig
- Sydney School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Centre for Kidney Research, The Children’s Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, Australia
| | - Camilla S. Hanson
- Sydney School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Centre for Kidney Research, The Children’s Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, Australia
| | - Angela Ju
- Sydney School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Centre for Kidney Research, The Children’s Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, Australia
| | - Kirsten Howard
- Centre for Kidney Research, The Children’s Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, Australia
| | - Tim Usherwood
- Department of General Practice, Westmead Clinical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- The George Institute for Global Health, Sydney, Australia
| | - Howard Lau
- Department of Urology, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, Australia
| | - Allison Tong
- Sydney School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Centre for Kidney Research, The Children’s Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Medina-Perucha L, Yousaf O, Hunter MS, Grunfeld EA. Barriers to medical help-seeking among older men with prostate cancer. J Psychosoc Oncol 2017; 35:531-543. [DOI: 10.1080/07347332.2017.1312661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- L. Medina-Perucha
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Bath, UK
| | - O. Yousaf
- Department of Psychology, University of Bath, Bath, UK
| | - M. S. Hunter
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - E. A. Grunfeld
- Centre for Technology Enabled Health Research, Coventry University, Coventry, UK
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Barati M, Amirzargar MA, Bashirian S, Kafami V, Mousali AA, Moeini B. Psychological Predictors of Prostate Cancer Screening Behaviors Among Men Over 50 Years of Age in Hamadan: Perceived Threat and Efficacy. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF CANCER PREVENTION 2016; 9:e4144. [PMID: 27761205 PMCID: PMC5055754 DOI: 10.17795/ijcp-4144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2015] [Revised: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 05/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostate cancer is the fourth most common cancer worldwide and is the second most lethal cancer. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to investigate psychological predictors of prostate cancer screening behaviors among men over 50 years of age in Hamadan. MATERIALS AND METHODS This cross-sectional study was carried out on 200 men over 50 years of age in Hamadan, west of Iran. Participants were recruited with a cluster sampling method. The subjects completed a self-administered questionnaire including demographic characteristics, prostate cancer screening behaviors and psychological factors related to prostate cancer. Data was analyzed by SPSS-18 using chi-square, fisher exact test, and logestic regression. RESULTS According to the results, 8.5 and 7.5 percent of participants reported history of digital rectal exam and prostate-specific antigen test, respectively. Also, the subjects reported 18.5%, 49.3% and 50.3% of receivable scores of knowledge, perceived threat, and perceived efficacy of prostate cancer screening behaviors, respectively. There was a significant association between prostate cancer screening behaviors and age groups (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The results showed that providing analytical studies in this field helps to surface the hidden aspects of this context and the health care providers and administrators will hopefully consider them in planning for identification of psychological factors, such as barriers and facilitators factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Majid Barati
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Department of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, IR Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Amirzargar
- Urology and Nephrology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, IR Iran
| | - Saeed Bashirian
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Department of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, IR Iran
| | - Vahid Kafami
- Department of Public Health, School of Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, IR Iran
| | - Amir Abbas Mousali
- Department of Public Health, School of Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, IR Iran
| | - Babak Moeini
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Department of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, IR Iran
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Men's use of networks to manage communication tensions related to a potential diagnosis of prostate cancer. Eur J Oncol Nurs 2016; 20:106-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejon.2015.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2015] [Revised: 06/06/2015] [Accepted: 06/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
13
|
Fish JA, Prichard I, Ettridge K, Grunfeld EA, Wilson C. Psychosocial factors that influence men's help-seeking for cancer symptoms: a systematic synthesis of mixed methods research. Psychooncology 2015. [PMID: 26202128 DOI: 10.1002/pon.3912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Effectiveness of cancer control partly depends upon early identification and treatment. Men appear to be more likely to delay help-seeking for symptoms, resulting in later diagnosis. This review aims to provide a mixed research synthesis of the psychosocial barriers to and facilitators of help-seeking for cancer symptoms among men. METHODS Systematic methods were followed, including a predefined research question and search strategy. Searches retrieved 7131 international records from online databases: MEDLINE (n = 3011), PubMed (n = 471), SCOPUS (n = 896), Informit (n = 131), PsychINFO (n = 347), and Web of Science (n = 2275). Forty studies were eligible for inclusion in the review (25 qualitative studies, 11 quantitative studies, and 4 mixed-method studies). RESULTS There was strong observational evidence for several psychosocial barriers to men's help-seeking behaviour: low cancer knowledge and inaccurate symptom interpretation, embarrassment and fear, and conformity to masculine gender role norms. The strongest facilitating factor associated with men's help-seeking behaviour was encouragement and support of spouses and family members. The majority of research was qualitative and used small samples, making generalisations to the wider population difficult. CONCLUSIONS Men's help-seeking for cancer symptoms is influenced by several psychosocial factors, which, in part, may be gender-specific. Health promotion initiatives to improve help-seeking behaviour among men should aim to increase cancer knowledge, reduce embarrassment and fear, address social norms deterring timely help-seeking, and acknowledge informal help-seeking with spouses and family members. Increasing the theoretical grounding of research could aid cohesion across the research area and the design of effective health promotion interventions. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A Fish
- Flinders Centre for Innovation in Cancer, School of Medicine, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
| | - Ivanka Prichard
- Social Health Sciences, School of Health Sciences, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
| | - Kerry Ettridge
- Population Health Research Group, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | | | - Carlene Wilson
- Flinders Centre for Innovation in Cancer, School of Medicine, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia.,Cancer Council SA, Eastwood, South Australia, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Yousaf O, Grunfeld EA, Hunter MS. A systematic review of the factors associated with delays in medical and psychological help-seeking among men. Health Psychol Rev 2013. [PMID: 26209212 DOI: 10.1080/17437199.2013.840954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 249] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Despite a growing literature on the factors associated with men's low rates of medical and psychological help-seeking, a systematic review of these is missing. Such an overview can help to inform health psychologists of the barriers to the performance of adaptive health behaviours, such as prompt help-seeking, and could inform theoretical advancements and the development of targeted interventions to facilitate prompt help-seeking among men. We systematically reviewed quantitative and qualitative empirical papers on factors associated with delays in men's medical and psychological help-seeking. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were followed, and we used the databases PsycINFO, Medline, Embase and PsycARTICLES (with keywords: men/male*/gender*, help*/seek* and health*/service*/utili*[sation]) for papers in English. 41 citations (amounting to 21,787 participants aged 15-80 + ) met the inclusion criteria. Approximately half of these used qualitative methodologies (i.e., semi-structured interviews and focus groups), while half used quantitative methodologies (i.e., questionnaires). We identify a number of recurring cognitive, emotional, health-service related and socio-demographic help-seeking factors/predictors from the 41 papers. Of these, the most prominent barriers to help-seeking were disinclination to express emotions/concerns about health, embarrassment, anxiety and fear, and poor communication with health-care professionals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Omar Yousaf
- a Department of Psychology , Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London , Guy's Campus, London SE19RT , UK
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Forbat L, Place M, Hubbard G, Leung H, Kelly D. The role of interpersonal relationships in men's attendance in primary care: qualitative findings in a cohort of men with prostate cancer. Support Care Cancer 2013; 22:409-15. [PMID: 24197054 DOI: 10.1007/s00520-013-1989-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2013] [Accepted: 09/17/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Men's response to ill health is framed as a "battleground" for the enactment of masculinities. With an increase in diagnoses of men's cancers, there is a need to better understand the features which influence timely access to diagnostic services. This study explored the ways in which men account for the timing of their diagnosis of prostate cancer. METHODS Thirty semi-structured interviews were conducted with men and, where possible, their partner. Data were analyzed with reference to framework analysis. RESULTS Relationships, including spousal, familial, and friendships, appear pivotal in informing men's help-seeking behaviors. Friends and partners were often critical in facilitating access to primary care. Following their own diagnosis, this virtuous cycle of encouragement led many men to encourage others to seek medical attention for prostate tests. CONCLUSIONS Interpersonal relationships are a missing dimension in models of delay. We need to know more about how to use relationships, in addition to traditional routes, to harness health promotion messages. Interpersonal relationship, including partners and social networks, may be powerful conduits and may prove effective mechanisms to identify and access men most at risk of prostate cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liz Forbat
- Cancer Care Research Centre, University of Stirling, Stirling, FK9 4LA, UK,
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
|
17
|
|
18
|
Holmes JM, Ford E, Yuill F, Drummond AER, Lincoln NB. Attendance at a psychological support group for people with multiple sclerosis and low mood. Disabil Rehabil 2011; 34:1323-7. [PMID: 22201291 DOI: 10.3109/09638288.2011.642927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE A cognitive behavioural group promoting psychological adjustment for people with multiple sclerosis (MS) was found to reduce psychological distress. Not all those offered treatment attended the group sessions. The aims were to examine the rates of attendance and to evaluate feedback from participants. METHOD Participants with MS and low mood were recruited to a randomized trial comparing attendance at a psychological support group with a usual care control group. The attendance at each session was determined and those who attended were compared with those who failed to attend using a Mann-Whitney U-test or chi-squared. A sample of participants completed a telephone feedback questionnaire to determine their views of the group. RESULTS The 44 participants who attended four or more sessions were not significantly different from the 28 who attended fewer than four sessions on demographic variables, disability, self-efficacy or quality of life, but significantly fewer men attended than women (p = 0.03). Participants' feedback from the group was mainly positive, and no factors were identified associated with non-attendance. CONCLUSIONS Men were less likely to attend group treatment sessions than women, but no other variables were associated with non-attendance. Attendance rates influence the effectiveness of interventions and reasons for non-attendance need to be determined.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica M Holmes
- School of Community Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, UK
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Jeffries M, Grogan S. 'Oh, I'm just, you know, a little bit weak because I'm going to the doctor's': young men's talk of self-referral to primary healthcare services. Psychol Health 2011; 27:898-915. [PMID: 22149462 DOI: 10.1080/08870446.2011.631542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Young men visit their general practitioner (GP) less frequently than young women and tend to utilise primary healthcare services reluctantly. This research aimed to explore the ways young men used their talk to make sense of their own masculinity in the context of their healthcare visits, and to explore the ways they used their talk to make sense of those visits in terms of multiple masculinities and gendered behaviours. This was an important area for research as previous work has not focused on young men. Interviews, lasting approximately 1 h, were conducted by a male researcher with seven men aged 22-33. Questions related to visiting the GP, attention to healthcare and help-seeking behaviours. These were analysed, using an eclectic approach informed by Foucauldian discourse analysis and discursive psychology. Participants subscribed to a hegemonic masculinity that constructed men as strong, stoical and reluctant to seek help. However, at times, these men negotiated and disengaged from such discourses. Women were constructed as immediately responding to symptoms and seeking help for minor illnesses. In contrast to traditional masculinity, the young men drew upon discourses of vulnerability and embarrassment. These results are discussed in relation to their implications for Health Psychology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark Jeffries
- Department of Psychology and Mental Health, Staffordshire University, Stoke on Trent, UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Zamanzadeh V, Rahmani A, Valizadeh L, Ferguson C, Hassankhani H, Nikanfar AR, Howard F. The taboo of cancer: the experiences of cancer disclosure by Iranian patients, their family members and physicians. Psychooncology 2011; 22:396-402. [DOI: 10.1002/pon.2103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2011] [Revised: 10/04/2011] [Accepted: 10/26/2011] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Vahid Zamanzadeh
- Nursing and Midwifery Faculty; Tabriz University of Medical Sciences; Tabriz Iran
| | - Azad Rahmani
- Nursing and Midwifery Faculty; Tabriz University of Medical Sciences; Tabriz Iran
- Hematology and Oncology Research Center; Tabriz University of Medical Sciences; Tabriz Iran
| | - Leila Valizadeh
- Nursing and Midwifery Faculty; Tabriz University of Medical Sciences; Tabriz Iran
| | - Caleb Ferguson
- Faculty of Nursing, Midwifery and Health; University of Technology Sydney; Sydney Australia
| | - Hadi Hassankhani
- Nursing and Midwifery Faculty; Tabriz University of Medical Sciences; Tabriz Iran
| | - Ali-Reza Nikanfar
- Hematology and Oncology Research Center; Tabriz University of Medical Sciences; Tabriz Iran
| | - Fuchsia Howard
- School of Population and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine; The University of British Columbia; Vancouver Canada
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Davis JL, Buchanan KL, Katz RV, Green BL. Gender differences in cancer screening beliefs, behaviors, and willingness to participate: implications for health promotion. Am J Mens Health 2011; 6:211-7. [PMID: 22071507 DOI: 10.1177/1557988311425853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Men have higher cancer mortality rates for all sites combined compared with women. Cancer screening (CS) participation is important for the early detection of cancer. This study explores gender differences in CS beliefs, behaviors, and willingness to participate. The data were collected from a stratified, random-digit dial survey of adults living in New York, Maryland, and Puerto Rico. Chi-square tests and logistic regressions were computed to analyze gender associations among CS beliefs, behaviors, and willingness variables. Men and women believed that CSs were effective, though a higher percentage of men had never had a past CS. Men were less willing to participate in a CS at the present time and in a skin cancer exam; however, when given descriptions of screening conditions, men indicated more willingness to participate. These gender differences highlight the need for health professionals to examine their efforts in providing enhanced CS promotion and education among men.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jenna L Davis
- H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Witty KR, White AK, Bagnall AM, South J. Male frequent attenders of general practice and their help seeking preferences. JOURNAL OF MENS HEALTH 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jomh.2010.09.228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
23
|
McCaughan E, Prue G, Parahoo K, McIlfatrick S, McKenna H. Exploring and comparing the experience and coping behaviour of men and women with colorectal cancer at diagnosis and during surgery. J Adv Nurs 2011; 67:1591-600. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2648.2010.05594.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
24
|
Galdas PM, Cheater FM. Indian and Pakistani Men's Accounts of Seeking Medical Help for Cardiac Chest Pain in the United Kingdom: Constructions of Marginalised Masculinity or Another Version of Hegemonic Masculinity? QUALITATIVE RESEARCH IN PSYCHOLOGY 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/14780880802571168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
25
|
Galdas PM, Johnson JL, Percy ME, Ratner PA. Help seeking for cardiac symptoms: beyond the masculine-feminine binary. Soc Sci Med 2010; 71:18-24. [PMID: 20398989 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2010.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2009] [Revised: 02/25/2010] [Accepted: 03/03/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Empirical and theoretical literature suggests that stereotypical gender roles shape men's and women's health help-seeking behavior, and plays an important role in the treatment seeking delays of cardiac patients. We were interested in exploring the ways in which gender informs the experiences and help-seeking behavior of men and women who experienced the symptoms associated with acute cardiac events. We undertook 20 in-depth interviews between October 2007 and July 2008 with 11 men and 9 women recently diagnosed with an acute coronary syndrome in British Columbia, Canada. Participants were encouraged to tell their 'story' of the event that led to hospitalization and diagnosis, with a focus on the symptoms and decision making processes that occurred before and during the activation of health services: seeking the advice of others including colleagues, family members and healthcare professionals; calling 911; and attending an emergency department. Although we anticipated that distinctive patterns of help-seeking behavior aligned with stereotypical masculine and feminine ideals might emerge from our data, this was not always the case. We found some evidence of the influence of gender role ideology on the help-seeking behavior of both male and female participants. However, men's and women's experiences of seeking health care were not easily parsed into distinct binary gender patterns. Behavior that might stereotypically be considered to be 'masculine' or 'feminine' gender practice was shared by both male and female participants. Our findings undermine simple binary distinctions about gendered help-seeking prevalent in the literature, and contribute towards setting the direction of the future health policy and research agenda addressing the issue of gender and health help-seeking behavior.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paul M Galdas
- School of Nursing, University of British Columbia, T201-2211, Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, Canada V6T 2B5.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
McCaughan E, Prue G, Parahoo K. A systematic review of quantitative studies reporting selected patient experienced outcomes, with a specific focus on gender differences in people with colorectal cancer. Eur J Oncol Nurs 2009; 13:376-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejon.2009.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2008] [Revised: 04/02/2009] [Accepted: 04/03/2009] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
27
|
Kashdan TB, Mishra A, Breen WE, Froh JJ. Gender differences in gratitude: examining appraisals, narratives, the willingness to express emotions, and changes in psychological needs. J Pers 2009; 77:691-730. [PMID: 20078735 DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-6494.2009.00562.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Previous work suggests women might possess an advantage over men in experiencing and benefiting from gratitude. We examined whether women perceive and react to gratitude differently than men. In Study 1, women, compared with men, evaluated gratitude expression to be less complex, uncertain, conflicting, and more interesting and exciting. In Study 2, college students and older adults described and evaluated a recent episode when they received a gift. Women, compared with men, reported less burden and obligation and greater gratitude. Upon gift receipt, older men reported the least positive affect when their benefactors were men. In Studies 2 and 3, women endorsed higher trait gratitude compared with men. In Study 3, over 3 months, women with greater gratitude were more likely to satisfy needs to belong and feel autonomous; gratitude had the opposite effect in men. The willingness to openly express emotions partially mediated gender differences, and effects could not be attributed to global trait affect. Results demonstrated that men were less likely to feel and express gratitude, made more critical evaluations of gratitude, and derived fewer benefits. Implications for the study and therapeutic enhancement of gratitude are discussed.
Collapse
|
28
|
Oliffe JL, Gerbrandt JS, Bottorff JL, Hislop TG. Health Promotion and Illness Demotion at Prostate Cancer Support Groups. Health Promot Pract 2009; 11:562-71. [DOI: 10.1177/1524839908328990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Although health promotion programs can positively influence health practices, men typically react to symptoms, rather than maintain their health, and are more likely to deny than discuss illness-related issues. Prostate cancer support groups (PCSGs) provide an intriguing exception to these practices, in that men routinely discuss ordinarily private illness experiences and engage with self-health. This article draws on individual interview data from 52 men, and participant observations conducted at the meetings of 15 groups in British Columbia, Canada to provide insights to how groups simultaneously facilitate health promotion and illness demotion. The study findings reveal how an environment conducive to men’s talk was established to normalize prostate cancer and promote the individual and collective health of group members. From a gendered perspective, men both disrupted and embodied dominant ideals of masculinity in how they engaged with their health at PCSGs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John L. Oliffe
- School of Nursing, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia,
| | | | - Joan L. Bottorff
- Faculty of Health and Social Development, University of British Columbia, Okanagan, Kelowna, British Columbia
| | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Rôle de l’identité sexuée et de l’influence du genre pour l’analyse de l’expérience des soins de support en oncologie. PSYCHO-ONCOLOGIE 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/s11839-007-0051-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
30
|
McCaughan E, McKenna H. Information-seeking behaviour of men newly diagnosed with cancer: a qualitative study. J Clin Nurs 2007; 16:2105-13. [PMID: 17331096 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2702.2006.01785.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM This paper reports the findings of a study, which explored the information-seeking behaviour of men newly diagnosed with cancer. BACKGROUND There is worldwide recognition that there are significant differences in the way men and women react to and cope with illness, yet there seems to be a lack of research into men's information-seeking behaviours and how they get their information needs met. The needs of men with cancer has so far received less research attention than women. METHODS A qualitative approach, consisting of in-depth interviews, was used. A convenient sample of 13 men newly diagnosed with cancer and five healthcare professionals and four lay sources were recruited for this study. RESULTS Five themes emerged from the data. These were: 'experiencing discomfort in the healthcare setting', 'reliance on partners as information gatherers', 'reluctance to explore a range of information sources and support', 'unmet information needs' and 'getting back to normal'. Together, they provide a perspective on men's information needs and information-seeking behaviour. CONCLUSIONS Healthcare professionals should be aware that there may be gender differences in how patients cope with their cancer, how they seek information and what information needs they have. Further training and preparation in 'men's health' is recommended for all those working with men in cancer care. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE Understanding how, when and in what circumstances men express their information needs will help healthcare professionals to develop strategies to meet these needs and other support needs of men with cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eilis McCaughan
- Institute of Nursing Research and School of Nursing, University of Ulster, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, UK.
| | | |
Collapse
|