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Yang L, Dharmaratne P, Zhu C, Sapugahawatte DN, Rahman N, Barua N, Li C, Kwok KO, Luo M, Liyanapathirana V, Ip M. Global epidemiology of asymptomatic colonisation of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in the upper respiratory tract of young children: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Arch Dis Child 2024; 109:267-274. [PMID: 38296611 PMCID: PMC10958260 DOI: 10.1136/archdischild-2023-326124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To estimate the global prevalence of asymptomatic colonisation, and determine the associated risk factors, antibiotic resistance and genotypes of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in the upper respiratory tract of young children. DESIGN Four bibliometric databases were searched for publications between 2010 and 2022 according to the protocol registered in PROSPERO. Cross-sectional or cohort studies describing the prevalence of asymptomatic colonisation of S. aureus and MRSA in young children were included. Data extraction and analysis were carried out by two reviewers independently according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses 2020 statement. Pooled prevalence was estimated using a random effects model. SETTING AND STUDIES We included studies where children without respiratory tract infection or Staphylococcal infection were recruited from the community, children's institutions (ie, nurseries, kindergartens, daycare centres and preschools) and healthcare centre visits and assessed for asymptomatic colonisation with S. aureus and MRSA. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The pooled prevalence of asymptomatic colonisation of S. aureus and MRSA of young children globally. RESULTS In this systematic review and meta-analysis of 21 416 young children, the pooled global prevalence of asymptomatic S. aureus colonisation was 25.1% (95% CI 21.4 to 28.8) and MRSA colonisation was 3.4% (95% CI 2.8 to 4.1). The clones of MRSA strains included healthcare-associated MRSA, community-associated MRSA and livestock-associated MRSA. CONCLUSION This study provides evidence of increased MRSA colonisation globally among young children, underlining the critical role of asymptomatic carriers in MRSA transmission and the need for control measures. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD 42022328385.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liuyue Yang
- Department of Microbiology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Priyanga Dharmaratne
- Department of Microbiology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Chendi Zhu
- Department of Microbiology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | | | - Nannur Rahman
- Department of Microbiology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- Department of Food Technology and Nutritional Science, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Tangail, Bangladesh
| | - Nilakshi Barua
- Department of Microbiology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Carmen Li
- Department of Microbiology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Kin On Kwok
- JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- Stanley Ho Centre for Emerging Infectious Diseases, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Mingjing Luo
- Center for Synthetic Microbiome, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, CAS, Shenzhen, China
| | | | - Margaret Ip
- Department of Microbiology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
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Tsirigotaki M, Galanakis E. Impact of vaccines on Staphylococcus aureus colonization: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Vaccine 2023; 41:6478-6487. [PMID: 37777451 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.09.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Concerns regarding vaccine effects on microbial ecology have led to interest in the non-targeted effects of vaccinations. OBJECTIVES To systematically review the literature related to the impact of vaccines on S. aureus carriage. METHODS We conducted a systematic search of MEDLINE, Scopus and clinical trials.gov for studies that assessed vaccine effects on S. aureus carriage in children and adults using predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Generic inverse variance meta-analysis was done using random-effects models. RESULTS Of 1,686 studies screened, 34 were eligible for inclusion, of which 22 were observational and 12 randomized controlled studies (RCTs). 88.2% (30/34) provided data on pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCV), 23.5% on influenza vaccines (8/34), 6% on other vaccines (2/34) and 20.6% on more than one vaccine (7/34). Most studies tested nasopharyngeal specimens (82.3%, 28/34). Among children aged more than 18-24 months, evidence suggested no effect of PCV on S. aureus colonization [2 RCTs, pooled OR 1.09 (95% CI 0.94-1.25), p 0.25; 7 observational studies, pooled OR: 1.02 (95% CI 0.83-1.25), p 0.86]. A transient increase in S. aureus carriage in PCV-vaccinated infants 9-15 months was shown [2 RCTs, pooled OR 1.11 (95% CI 1.00-1.23), p 0.06; 4 observational studies, pooled OR 1.64 (95% CI 1.00-2.68), p 0.05]. A reduction in S. aureus carriage was observed after influenza vaccination [4 observational studies; OR 0.85 (95% CI 0.78-0.94), p 0.0001]. Based on the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation, the quality of evidence was considered low for randomized and very low for non-randomized trials. CONCLUSION Evidence did not suggest long-term effects of pneumococcal vaccinations on S. aureus nasopharyngeal carriage in children, however transient niche changes may occur in infants. Influenza vaccination was related to decreased rates of S. aureus carriage. Data regarding other vaccines is scarce. Further research and ongoing surveillance are needed to monitor colonization changes.
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Huang S, He J, Zhang Y, Su L, Tong L, Sun Y, Zhou M, Chen Z. The Correlation Between Biofilm-Forming Ability of Community-Acquired Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from the Respiratory Tract and Clinical Characteristics in Children. Infect Drug Resist 2022; 15:3657-3668. [PMID: 35855760 PMCID: PMC9288189 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s370755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aimed to investigate the biofilm-forming ability, molecular typing, and antimicrobial resistance of community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) strains isolated from the respiratory tract of children and their correlation with clinical characteristics. Methods All CA-MRSA strains were isolated from hospitalized children, and their presentation, molecular typing, antimicrobial susceptibility, and biofilm formation were investigated. The clinical characteristics were compared between the strong and weak biofilm producer groups. Results Fifty-three CA-MRSA strains were isolated from the respiratory samples of 53 children, with nearly half of them being young infants (0-12 months). Approximately, 88.7% (47/53) of the isolates were resistant to four or more antibiotics, mainly β-lactam antibiotics, lincosamides, and macrolides. Twelve sequence types (STs) and 20 subtypes of staphylococcal protein A (spa) typing were identified, with ST59-t437 (39.6%, 21/53) as the predominant subtype. All strains showed the ability to form biofilms. When compared to children with weak biofilm-forming CA-MRSA strains, those with strong biofilm-forming strains had higher proportions of lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI) (88.5% vs 59.3%), obvious cough symptoms (84.6% vs 51.9%), and severe chest imaging manifestations (76.9% vs 37.0%). Furthermore, a strong biofilm-forming ability significantly increased the risk of prolonged cough in children with LRTI (44.4% vs 14.3%), and a positive correlation between the duration of cough and the extent of biofilm formation was observed. Medical history investigation revealed that the strong biofilm-forming group had a much higher percentage of macrolides intake than the weak biofilm-forming group in the last month before admission (61.5% vs 14.8%). Conclusion ST59-t437 was the most prevalent clone in CA-MRSA respiratory isolates among the hospitalized children. All CA-MRSA strains formed biofilms. The stronger the biofilm-forming ability, the more serious and prolonged were the respiratory symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shumin Huang
- Department of Pulmonology, Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310052, People’s Republic of China,National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, National Children’s Regional Medical Center, Hangzhou, 310052, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing He
- Department of Pulmonology, Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310052, People’s Republic of China,National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, National Children’s Regional Medical Center, Hangzhou, 310052, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yiting Zhang
- Department of Pulmonology, Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310052, People’s Republic of China,National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, National Children’s Regional Medical Center, Hangzhou, 310052, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lin Su
- Department of Pulmonology, Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310052, People’s Republic of China,National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, National Children’s Regional Medical Center, Hangzhou, 310052, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lin Tong
- Department of Pulmonology, Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310052, People’s Republic of China,National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, National Children’s Regional Medical Center, Hangzhou, 310052, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ying Sun
- Department of Pulmonology, Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310052, People’s Republic of China,National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, National Children’s Regional Medical Center, Hangzhou, 310052, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mingming Zhou
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, National Children’s Regional Medical Center, Hangzhou, 310052, People’s Republic of China,Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310052, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhimin Chen
- Department of Pulmonology, Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310052, People’s Republic of China,National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, National Children’s Regional Medical Center, Hangzhou, 310052, People’s Republic of China,Correspondence: Zhimin Chen, Email
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Tai CH, Liu WL, Pan SC, Ku SC, Lin FJ, Wu CC. Evaluation of the Negative Predictive Value of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Nasal Swab Screening in the Medical Intensive Care Units and Its Effect on Antibiotic Duration. Infect Drug Resist 2022; 15:1259-1266. [PMID: 35355623 PMCID: PMC8959872 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s351832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In addition to active surveillance of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) carrier, MRSA nasal screening can be valuable for antibiotic de-escalation. This study aimed to assess the correlations between the MRSA nasal swab and subsequent culture results in patients admitted to medical intensive care units (MICU). The impact of MRSA nasal swab on the antibiotic duration was also evaluated. Materials and Methods This retrospective study enrolled patients who received glycopeptides in the MICU of a medical center in 2019. Patients treated with glycopeptides for over 2 days before MICU admission were excluded. The associated data were collected through the electronic medical record system. The negative predictive value (NPV) of MRSA nasal swabs for MRSA infection was calculated, and their influence on empirical glycopeptide treatment duration was analyzed. Results Of the 338 patients who met the inclusion criteria, 277 underwent MRSA nasal screening. The NPV of MRSA-negative nasal swab for subsequent MRSA infection was 98.4%. The glycopeptide treatment duration of the patients with and without nasal screening was not significantly different (4.2 ± 2.8 vs 4.4 ± 3.0 days, p = 0.577). Of the 120 patients with MRSA-negative nasal swab and no subsequent MRSA infection, 75 continued empirical glycopeptides therapy. The additional treatment time was 3 days (interquartile range: 2–6 days). Conclusion The MRSA nasal swabs have high NPV for MRSA infection in critically ill patients. However, it has no impact on the empirical glycopeptide treatment duration. The value of MRSA nasal swabs should be advocated to optimize antibiotic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Hsun Tai
- Department of Pharmacy, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Ling Liu
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sung-Ching Pan
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Chi Ku
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Fang-Ju Lin
- Department of Pharmacy, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Chih Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Yang Z, Qiu B, Cheng D, Zhao N, Liu Y, Li M, Liu Q. Virulent Staphylococcus aureus Colonizes Pediatric Nares by Resisting Killing of Human Antimicrobial Peptides. Int J Med Microbiol 2022; 312:151550. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmm.2022.151550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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6
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Lee YH, Chen CJ, Lien RI, Huang YC. A longitudinal molecular surveillance of clinical methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates in neonatal units in a teaching hospital, 2003-2018. JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY, IMMUNOLOGY, AND INFECTION = WEI MIAN YU GAN RAN ZA ZHI 2021; 55:880-887. [PMID: 34782252 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmii.2021.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has been an important nosocomial pathogen in our neonatal units since 1990s. To understand the longitudinal changing molecular epidemiology of these MRSA isolates, we conducted this study. MATERIALS From 2003 to 2018, we collected clinical MRSA isolates from 536 infants hospitalized at neonatal units of a medical center in northern Taiwan. First isolate from each infant was characterized. RESULTS The case/isolate number ranged from 7 cases/isolates (the lowest) in 2010 to 71 cases/isolates (the highest) in 2004. Of the 536 isolates, a total of 15 pulsotypes were identified. Three major clones were identified and characterized as sequence type (ST) 239/pulsotype A/staphylococcal chromosomal cassette (SCC) mec III/Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL)-negative, accounting for 22.2% of the isolates, ST59/pulsotype C/SCCmec IV/PVL-negative, accounting for 34.3% and ST59/pulsotype D/SCCmec VT/PVL-positive, accounting for 30.0%. The first clone (hospital strains) dominated in the first two years, and became weakened from 2005 through 2016. Clonal complex (CC) 59 (combined the second and third clones) dominated (>50% of the isolates) from 2005 through 2018. One community clone (ST573) demonstrated a marked increase since 2007 and vanished abruptly since 2010. Several minor MRSA clones emerged after 2010. CONCLUSION The molecular epidemiology of MRSA isolates in our neonatal units from 2003 to 2018 revealed that an epidemic as well as endemic hospital clone of ST239 dominated before 2005 and was replaced by the local community clone of CC59 thereafter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Hsuan Lee
- Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Gueishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Jung Chen
- Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Gueishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Gueishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Rey-In Lien
- Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Gueishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Gueishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yhu-Chering Huang
- Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Gueishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Gueishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
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7
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Kang CY, Kang EYC, Lai CC, Lo WC, Chen KJ, Wu WC, Liu L, Hwang YS, Lo FS, Huang YC. Nasal Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Colonization in Patients with Type 1 Diabetes in Taiwan. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9061296. [PMID: 34203580 PMCID: PMC8232090 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9061296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Nasal methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) colonies are an essential reservoir of infection, especially for patients with diabetes. However, data on MRSA colonization in patients with type 1 diabetes are limited. We investigated the epidemiology of MRSA colonization in patients with type 1 diabetes. This prospective cross-sectional study was conducted in a medical center (Chang Gung Memorial Hospital) in Taiwan from 1 July to 31 December 2020. Nasal sampling and MRSA detection were performed. The molecular characteristics of MRSA isolates were tested, and factors associated with MRSA colonization were analyzed. We included 245 patients with type 1 diabetes; nasal MRSA colonization was identified in 13 (5.3%) patients. All isolates belonged to community-associated MRSA genetic strains; the most frequent strain was clonal complex 45 (53.8%), followed by ST59 (30.8%) (a local community strain). MRSA colonization was positively associated with age ≤ 10 years, body mass index < 18 kg/m2, and diabetes duration < 10 years; moreover, it was negatively associated with serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol ≥ 100 mg/dL. No independent factor was reported. The nasal MRSA colonization rate in type 1 diabetes is approximately 5% in Taiwan. Most of these colonizing strains are community strains, namely clonal complex 45 and ST59.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Ya Kang
- School of Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, 20529 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Eugene Yu-Chuan Kang
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; (E.Y.-C.K.); (C.-C.L.); (K.-J.C.); (W.-C.W.); (L.L.); (Y.-S.H.)
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Chun Lai
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; (E.Y.-C.K.); (C.-C.L.); (K.-J.C.); (W.-C.W.); (L.L.); (Y.-S.H.)
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- Department of Family Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Che Lo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keelung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung 204, Taiwan;
| | - Kun-Jen Chen
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; (E.Y.-C.K.); (C.-C.L.); (K.-J.C.); (W.-C.W.); (L.L.); (Y.-S.H.)
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chi Wu
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; (E.Y.-C.K.); (C.-C.L.); (K.-J.C.); (W.-C.W.); (L.L.); (Y.-S.H.)
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Laura Liu
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; (E.Y.-C.K.); (C.-C.L.); (K.-J.C.); (W.-C.W.); (L.L.); (Y.-S.H.)
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Yih-Shiou Hwang
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; (E.Y.-C.K.); (C.-C.L.); (K.-J.C.); (W.-C.W.); (L.L.); (Y.-S.H.)
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Fu-Sung Lo
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; (E.Y.-C.K.); (C.-C.L.); (K.-J.C.); (W.-C.W.); (L.L.); (Y.-S.H.)
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Genetics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (F.-S.L.); (Y.-C.H.); Tel.: +886-3-3281200 (F.-S.L. & Y.-C.H.)
| | - Yhu-Chering Huang
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; (E.Y.-C.K.); (C.-C.L.); (K.-J.C.); (W.-C.W.); (L.L.); (Y.-S.H.)
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (F.-S.L.); (Y.-C.H.); Tel.: +886-3-3281200 (F.-S.L. & Y.-C.H.)
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Badua AT, Boonyayatra S, Awaiwanont N, Gaban PBV, Mingala CN. Antibiotic resistance and genotyping of mecA-positive methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) from milk and nasal carriage of dairy water buffaloes ( Bubalus bubalis) in the Philippines. J Adv Vet Anim Res 2020; 7:397-406. [PMID: 33005664 PMCID: PMC7521815 DOI: 10.5455/javar.2020.g434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Mastitis is considered as an economically important disease of dairy buffaloes in Asia. This study examined the mastitis milk and nasal swab samples for the detection and genotyping of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in water buffaloes. Materials and Methods Staphylococcus aureus was identified based on biochemical tests and Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) detection of nuc gene, whereas MRSA on mecA gene. The disc diffusion test was used to determine the antibiotic resistance and staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec), spa, and multilocus sequence typing for the genotyping of isolates. Results Staphylococcus aureus was detected on 39/93 milk (41.94%) and 27/384 nasal swab (7.03%) samples. However, only nine isolates (23.08%) harbored the mecA gene from milk samples and three isolates (11.11%) from the nasal carriage. All MRSA isolates exhibited resistance to cefoxitin and penicillin, whereas 50% were found resistant to clindamycin. All these isolates were found susceptible to sulfa-trimethoprim and chloramphenicol, whereas the majority of the isolates were susceptible to gentamicin, ciprofloxacin, tetracycline, and rifampicin. The SCCmec types of the MRSA isolates were type IVc (50.00%), type II (8.33%), type I (8.33%), and non-typeable (33.33%). The spa types and sequence type (ST) identified were t019 (ST30), t701 (ST1649), t311 (ST5), t657 (ST1148), t015 (ST508), t1939 (ST12), t800 (ST9), t091 (ST2454), t138 (ST5991), and t1642 (ST5992). Conclusion Milk and nasal swab samples from dairy water buffaloes were found positive for MRSA. The MRSA isolates were still susceptible to most antibiotics tested. Moreover, the genotypes of some MRSA isolates were found similar to some human MRSA strains, suggesting a possible human to animal transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alona T Badua
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.,Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, Central Luzon State University, Nueva Ecija, Philippines
| | | | | | - Paula Blanca V Gaban
- Biosafety and Environment Section, Philippine Carabao Center National Headquarters and Gene Pool, Nueva Ecija, Philippines
| | - Claro N Mingala
- Biosafety and Environment Section, Philippine Carabao Center National Headquarters and Gene Pool, Nueva Ecija, Philippines.,Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, Central Luzon State University, Nueva Ecija, Philippines
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Ai X, Gao F, Yao S, Liang B, Mai J, Xiong Z, Chen X, Liang Z, Yang H, Ou Z, Gong S, Long Y, Zhou Z. Prevalence, Characterization, and Drug Resistance of Staphylococcus Aureus in Feces From Pediatric Patients in Guangzhou, China. Front Med (Lausanne) 2020; 7:127. [PMID: 32391366 PMCID: PMC7193981 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2020.00127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is a major pathogen of human infections. Its fecal carriage serves as a risk factor for nosocomial transmission and disease development. However, the rate of S. aureus fecal carriage among Chinese children has not yet been reported. Therefore, we sought to investigate the prevalence, characterization, and drug resistance of S. aureus isolated from pediatric patients' feces in Southern China. Methods: Fecal samples (2059) from pediatric patients in three centers in Guangzhou were cultured. From which, 412 S. aureus isolates were identified via selective mediums and automated VITEK Mass Spectrometer analysis. Antibiotic susceptibility was determined and DNA sequencing of seven housekeeping genes were used for multilocus sequence typing analysis. Results: The fecal carriage rates were 20.0% for S. aureus and 4.5% for methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA). Moreover, S. aureus fecal carriage was positively correlated with outpatient status and gastroenteritis diagnosis. Moreover, age-related patterns were observed with respect to prevalence of S. aureus. Besides, a total of 76 sequence types (STs) were identified, including 25 newly assigned STs and 28 clonal complexes (CCs). ST188, ST6, and ST15 were the most prevalent methicillin-sensitive S. aureus (MSSA) clones, while ST59 and ST45 were the major MRSA clones. S. aureus isolates also exhibited high rates of penicillin (84.2%), erythromycin (38.8%), and clindamycin (35.9%) resistance. Specifically, all ST30 and ST338 isolates were resistant to erythromycin and clindamycin, 61% of ST7 were resistant to tetracycline, and 84% of ST45 exhibited resistance and intermediate resistance to rifampicin. Also, CC59 (ST338 and ST59) and CC45 exhibited different antibiotic resistance patterns. Conclusion: These results demonstrate the colonization dynamics and molecular epidemiology of S. aureus in child feces in Southern China. Further, they suggest an urgency for strengthening the surveillance programs in China and provide important information for the prevention and treatment of S. aureus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolan Ai
- Clinical Laboratory, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fei Gao
- Clinical Laboratory, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuwen Yao
- Clinical Laboratory, Guangzhou Children's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bingshao Liang
- Clinical Laboratory, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jialiang Mai
- Clinical Laboratory, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhile Xiong
- Clinical Laboratory, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiantang Chen
- Clinical Laboratory, Zengcheng Maternity and Children's Health Care Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhuwei Liang
- Clinical Laboratory, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongling Yang
- Clinical Laboratory, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhiying Ou
- Clinical Laboratory, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sitang Gong
- Clinical Laboratory, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan Long
- Clinical Laboratory, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhenwen Zhou
- Clinical Laboratory, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Hsu YY, Wu D, Hung CC, Huang SS, Yuan FH, Lee MH, Huang CT, Shie SS, Huang PY, Yang CC, Cheng CW, Leu HS, Wu TS, Huang YC. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus nasal colonization among HIV-infected patients in Taiwan: prevalence, molecular characteristics and associated factors with nasal carriage. BMC Infect Dis 2020; 20:254. [PMID: 32228480 PMCID: PMC7106609 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-020-04979-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background To evaluate nasal carriage, antibiotic susceptibility and molecular characteristics of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), as well as the risk factors of MRSA colonization, in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients in northern Taiwan. Methods From September 2014 to November 2015, HIV-infected patients seeking outpatient care at four hospitals were eligible for this study. A nasal specimen was obtained from each subject for the detection of S. aureus and a questionnaire was completed by each subject. MRSA isolates once identified were characterized. Results Of 553 patients surveyed, methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) was detected in 119 subjects (21.5%) and MRSA in 19 subjects (3.4%). Female gender, injection drug use, smoking, hepatitis C virus carrier, cancer and antibiotic use within 1 year were positively associated with MRSA colonization. By multivariate analysis, only cancer (adjust odds ratio (aOR) 7.78, [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.909–31.731]) and antibiotic use within 1 year (aOR 3.89, [95% CI, 1.219–12.433]) were significantly associated with MRSA colonization. Ten isolates were characterized as sequence type (ST) 59/staphylococcal chromosome cassette (SCC) IV or VT, endemic community strains in Taiwan, four isolates as ST 8/SCCmec IV (USA 300) and one isolate as ST 239/SCCmec IIIA, a hospital strain. All the community-associated MRSA isolates were susceptible to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX). Conclusions Nasal MRSA carriage in HIV-infected patients seeking outpatient care was low (3.4%) in northern Taiwan. Most of the colonizing isolates were genetically endemic community strains and exhibited high susceptibility to TMP-SMX and fluoroquinolones. Cancer and antibiotic use within 1 year were associated with MRSA colonization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Yu Hsu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - David Wu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cathay General hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Ching Hung
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shie-Shian Huang
- Department of Medicine, Chang Gung University School of Medicine, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Division of Infectious Diseases, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Keelung, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Fang-Hsueh Yuan
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Hsun Lee
- Department of Medicine, Chang Gung University School of Medicine, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Division of Infectious Diseases, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Tai Huang
- Department of Medicine, Chang Gung University School of Medicine, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Division of Infectious Diseases, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Shian-Sen Shie
- Department of Medicine, Chang Gung University School of Medicine, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Division of Infectious Diseases, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Po-Yen Huang
- Department of Medicine, Chang Gung University School of Medicine, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Division of Infectious Diseases, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Chang Yang
- Department of Medicine, Chang Gung University School of Medicine, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Division of Infectious Diseases, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Wen Cheng
- Department of Medicine, Chang Gung University School of Medicine, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Division of Infectious Diseases, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Hsieh-Shong Leu
- Department of Medicine, Chang Gung University School of Medicine, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Division of Infectious Diseases, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Shu Wu
- Department of Medicine, Chang Gung University School of Medicine, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Division of Infectious Diseases, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yhu-Chering Huang
- Department of Medicine, Chang Gung University School of Medicine, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan. .,Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan. .,Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, No. 5, Fu-Shin Street, Kweishan, 333, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
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11
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Xiao N, Yang J, Duan N, Lu B, Wang L. Community-associated Staphylococcus aureus PVL + ST22 predominates in skin and soft tissue infections in Beijing, China. Infect Drug Resist 2019; 12:2495-2503. [PMID: 31616166 PMCID: PMC6698600 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s212358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Community-associated Staphylococcus aureus (CA S. aureus) is the most common causative pathogen of the skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs). This study aims to determine clonal distribution, virulence factors of CA S. aureus clinical isolates from purulent SSTIs in Beijing, China. Materials and methods CA-S. aureus isolates were collected from 115 outpatients with purulent SSTIs from the department of dermatology from April 2015 to April 2017. Multilocus sequence typing and Staphylococcus cassette chromosome mec typing were performed to explore molecular characteristics. Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA of dominant S. aureus isolates was performed using MEGA-X software. Virulence genes were detected by PCR, while biofilm formation was evaluated by a microtiter plate method. The antimicrobial susceptibility was tested by an automatic VITEK system. Results Forty-four CA-S. aureus isolates identified from SSTIs contain 9 methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) isolates (20.4%) and 35 methicillin-susceptible S. aureus isolates (MSSA) (79.6%). The dominant sequence types (STs) were ST22 (40.9%) and clonal complex 59 (CC59; 77.8%) in Community-associated methicillin resistant methicillin-resistant S. aureus. 27.8% of ST22 isolates were homologous to the epidemic ST22 EMRSA-15 in Europe. The prevalence of virulence genes lukS/lukF, tst-1, etA, edinA, icaA, and icaD was 50%, 93.2%, 4.5%, 4.5%, 100%, and 100%, respectively. All CC59 isolates exhibited stronger biofilm-forming capability than ST22 clones. Among the MSSA subgroup, the poor biofilm producers had significantly higher sensitivity to sulfamethoxazole/Trimethoprim. Conclusion The dominant epidemic clone PVL+ ST22 MSSA containing tst-1 occurs in Beijing, indicating that a PVL+ ST398 clone which was previously predominant in this district had been replaced by a new clone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Xiao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, Tsinghua University, Beijing 102218, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianghui Yang
- Department of Pathology, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, Tsinghua University, Beijing 102218, People's Republic of China
| | - Ning Duan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, Tsinghua University, Beijing 102218, People's Republic of China
| | - Binghuai Lu
- Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital; National Clinical Research Center of Respiratory Diseases, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Lijun Wang
- Clinical Research Center, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 102218, People's Republic of China
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12
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Neves FPG, Marlow MA, Rezende-Pereira G, Pinheiro MG, Dos Santos AFM, de Fátima Nogueira de Freitas M, Barros RR, Aguiar-Alves F, Cardoso CAA, Riley LW. Differences in gram-positive bacterial colonization and antimicrobial resistance among children in a high income inequality setting. BMC Infect Dis 2019; 19:478. [PMID: 31142269 PMCID: PMC6540362 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-019-4104-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Staphylococcus aureus and beta-hemolytic streptococci (BHS) diseases disproportionately affect populations in middle/low-income countries. To assess if this disparity is reflected in colonization by these organisms, we compared their colonization frequency among children from different socioeconomic status (SES) communities in a city with high income inequality. Methods Between May–August 2014, we collected nasal and throat swabs to investigate S. aureus and BHS colonization among children who attended private and public pediatric clinics. Patients were classified as high SES, middle/low SES, and slum residents. We investigated the antimicrobial resistance profile, the SCCmec types and the presence of PVL genes among methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA). We also examined the antimicrobial resistance profile and serogroups of BHS. Results Of 598 children, 221 (37%) were colonized with S. aureus, of which 49 (22%) were MRSA. MRSA colonization was higher in middle/low SES (n = 18; 14%) compared with high SES (n = 17; 6%) and slum (n = 14; 8%) residents (p = 0.01). All MRSA strains were susceptible to clindamycin, nitrofurantoin, and rifampin. The highest non-susceptibility frequency (42.9%) was observed to erythromycin. SCCmec type V was only found in isolates from high SES children; types I and II were found only in middle/low SES children. Ten (20%) MRSA isolates carried PVL genes. Twenty-four (4%) children were BHS carriers. All BHS (n = 8) found in high SES children and six (67%) isolates from slum patients belonged to group A. All group B streptococci were from middle/low SES children, corresponding to five (71%) of the seven BHS isolated in this group. BHS isolates were susceptible to all drugs tested. Conclusions Children from different SES communities had distinct bacterial colonization profiles, including MRSA carriage. Public health officials/researchers should consider SES when assessing disease transmission and control measures.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Marcos Gabriel Pinheiro
- Laboratório Universitário Rodolpho Albino, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Fábio Aguiar-Alves
- Laboratório Universitário Rodolpho Albino, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
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13
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Chen CH, Kuo KC, Hwang KP, Lin TY, Huang YC. Risk factors for and molecular characteristics of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus nasal colonization among healthy children in southern Taiwan, 2005-2010. JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY, IMMUNOLOGY, AND INFECTION = WEI MIAN YU GAN RAN ZA ZHI 2018; 52:929-936. [PMID: 30274893 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmii.2018.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Revised: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE Nasal colonization of Staphylococcus aureus is a well-defined risk factor for subsequent infection. This study investigated the prevalence of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) in southern Taiwan and aimed to identify the host factors for S. aureus colonization and the virulence factor of Panton-Valentine Leukocidin (PVL) genes. METHODS In a hospital-based study in Kaohsiung from Oct. 2005 to Dec. 2010, we performed nasal swab in the healthy children aged 2-60 months. We examined the relationship between the demographic characteristics and S. aureus nasal colonization. MRSA isolates were further analyzed for antimicrobial susceptibility and molecular characteristics. RESULTS Among 3020 healthy children, 840 (27.8%) children had S. aureus nasal colonization. Of 840 isolates, 246 (29.3%) isolates were MRSA. MRSA colonization was significantly associated with age 2-6 months, day care attendance, and influenza vaccination. Breastfeeding was a protective factor against MRSA colonization. Most MRSA isolates were susceptible to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and doxycycline. Ninety-four percent of MRSA isolates carried either type IV staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) or SCCmec VT and 87% belonged to the local community strains, namely clonal complex 59/SCCmec IV or VT. MRSA isolates with PVL-negative was associated with children with passive smoking. CONCLUSIONS Between 2005 and 2010, 27.8% and 8.14% of healthy children in southern Taiwan had nasal carriage of S. aureus and MRSA, respectively. Most MRSA isolates were local community strains. Several demographic factors associated with nasal MRSA colonization were identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Ho Chen
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Chang Gung Children's Hospital and Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Kuang-Che Kuo
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Chang Gung Children's Hospital and Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Kao-Pin Hwang
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Children's Hospital, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Tzou-Yien Lin
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Chang Gung Children's Hospital, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linko, Taiwan; College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yhu-Chering Huang
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Chang Gung Children's Hospital, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linko, Taiwan; College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
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14
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Lim WW, Wu P, Bond HS, Wong JY, Ni K, Seto WH, Jit M, Cowling BJ. Determinants of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) prevalence in the Asia-Pacific region: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Glob Antimicrob Resist 2018; 16:17-27. [PMID: 30145271 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgar.2018.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Revised: 08/11/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Published literature on methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in the Asia-Pacific region was reviewed to document the prevalence of MRSA in the region and to examine the impact of variability in study design on the reported MRSA prevalence data. METHODS This review included studies reporting MRSA prevalence between 2000 and 2016. Studies were excluded if they did not contain complete information on antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) methods. Primary outcomes were the proportion of MRSA among S. aureus isolates (resistance proportion) or among individual samples (prevalence). RESULTS A total of 229 studies in 19 countries/territories were included in the study. There was substantial heterogeneity in both outcomes (resistance proportion, I2=99.59%; prevalence, I2=99.83%), precluding pooled averages, and meta-regression analyses revealed that these variations were explained by country income status and participant characteristics but not by methodological differences in AST. Also, no significant secular changes in MRSA prevalence or resistance proportions in Asia-Pacific were found. CONCLUSION The resistance proportions and prevalence of MRSA infections in Asia-Pacific are comparable with those reported in other regions with no significant secular changes in the past decade. Country income status and characteristics of the sample population explained more variation in the reported resistance proportions and prevalence of MRSA than methodological differences in AST across locations in the region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wey Wen Lim
- World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Control, School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Peng Wu
- World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Control, School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Helen S Bond
- World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Control, School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jessica Y Wong
- World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Control, School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Kaiwen Ni
- World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Control, School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Wing Hong Seto
- World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Control, School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Mark Jit
- World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Control, School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; Modelling and Economics Unit, Public Health England, London, UK; Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Benjamin J Cowling
- World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Control, School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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15
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Zhang DF, Yang XY, Zhang J, Qin X, Huang X, Cui Y, Zhou M, Shi C, French NP, Shi X. Identification and characterization of two novel superantigens among Staphylococcus aureus complex. Int J Med Microbiol 2018; 308:438-446. [PMID: 29574061 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmm.2018.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Revised: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcal enterotoxins (SEs), also known as superantigens, play a very important role in infections and food poisoning caused by Staphylococcus aureus. Recently, S. argenteus and S. schweitzeri were recognized as novel species closely related to S. aureus. In this study of these three species, it was found that two putative SE genes were located upstream of some vSaβ pathogenicity islands and the deduced amino acid sequences showed < 65.3% identity with those of known SEs. The related proteins, designated staphylococcal enterotoxin-like toxin 26 (SEl26) and 27 (SEl27), were identified and characterized among the three species. The mRNAs encoding SEl26 and SEl27 were expressed during all the growth phases. Recombinant SEl26 and SEl27 exhibited superantigenic activity in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells and mouse splenocytes by examining cell proliferation and cytokine production. Interestingly, these two genes were present universally in S. argenteus sequence type 2250 with clinical importance. Meanwhile, SEl27 variants from different species showed differential sensitivity to human peripheral blood mononuclear cells, which corresponded to the primary bacterial species hosts. It was demonstrated from these results that SEl26 and SEl27 were characterized to be two novel SE toxins and some SEs evolved along with the bacteria when the organisms adapted the hosts' immune systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dao-Feng Zhang
- MOST-USDA Joint Research Center for Food Safety, School of Agriculture and Biology & State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Xin-Yi Yang
- Zhuhai Biori Biotechnology Co. Ltd, Zhuhai, 519015, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- MOST-USDA Joint Research Center for Food Safety, School of Agriculture and Biology & State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Xiaojie Qin
- MOST-USDA Joint Research Center for Food Safety, School of Agriculture and Biology & State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Xiaozhen Huang
- MOST-USDA Joint Research Center for Food Safety, School of Agriculture and Biology & State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Yan Cui
- MOST-USDA Joint Research Center for Food Safety, School of Agriculture and Biology & State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Min Zhou
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, Hubei, China
| | - Chunlei Shi
- MOST-USDA Joint Research Center for Food Safety, School of Agriculture and Biology & State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Nigel P French
- Infectious Disease Research Centre, Institute of Veterinary, Animal and Biomedical Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, 4442, New Zealand
| | - Xianming Shi
- MOST-USDA Joint Research Center for Food Safety, School of Agriculture and Biology & State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
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