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Parveen S, Ali MS, Al-Lohedan HA, Hoti N, Tabassum S. Molecular interaction of lysozyme with therapeutic drug azithromycin: Effect of sodium dodecyl sulfate on binding profile. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 242:124844. [PMID: 37210056 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
This paper describes an inclusive biophysical study elucidating the interaction of therapeutic drug azithromycin (Azith) with hen egg white lysozyme (HEWL). Spectroscopic and computational tools have been employed to study the interaction of Azith with HEWL at pH 7.4. The fluorescence quenching constant values (Ksv) exhibited a decrease with the increase in temperature which revealed the occurrence of static quenching mechanism between Azith and HEWL. The thermodynamic data demonstrated that hydrophobic interactions were predominantly involved in the Azith-HEWL interaction. The negative value of standard Gibbs free energy (ΔG°) stated that the Azith-HEWL complex formed via spontaneous molecular interactions. The effect of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) surfactant monomers on the binding propensity of Azith with HEWL was insignificant at lower concentrations however the binding significantly decreased at increased concentrations of the former. Far-UV CD data revealed alteration in the secondary structure of HEWL in the presence of Azith and the overall HEWL conformation changed. Molecular docking results revealed that the binding of Azith with HEWL takes place through hydrophobic interactions and hydrogen bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabiha Parveen
- Department of Chemistry, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India
| | - Mohd Sajid Ali
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Hamad A Al-Lohedan
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Sartaj Tabassum
- Department of Chemistry, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India.
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Lai C, Hsueh P. Coronavirus disease 2019 rebounds following nirmatrelvir/ritonavir treatment. J Med Virol 2023; 95:e28430. [PMID: 36571273 PMCID: PMC9880661 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.28430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Nirmatrelvir/ritonavir (NMV-r) is an effective anti-SARS-CoV-2 agent and has been recommended in the treatment of nonhospitalized patients with COVID-19. In rare occasions, some patients experience virologic and symptomatic rebound after initial resolution, which we call COVID-19 rebound after NMV-r. Although COVID rebound can also occur after molnupiravir treatment or even no antiviral treatment, we have more serious concern about the rebound after NMV-r, which remains the most effective antiviral. Due to a lack of information about its frequency, mechanism, outcomes, and management, we conducted this review to provide comprehensive and updated information to address these questions. Based on the limited evidence, the incidence of COVID-19 rebound after NMV-r was less than 2%, and most cases developed 5-15 days after initiating NMV-r treatment. Almost all reported cases had mild symptoms, and the clinical condition gradually subsided without additional treatment. Overall, the clinical outcome was favorable, and only a small number of patients required emergency department visits or hospitalization. Regarding virologic rebound, culturable SARS-CoV-2 with possible transmission was observed, so re-isolation may be needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih‐Cheng Lai
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hospital MedicineChi Mei Medical CenterTainanTaiwan
| | - Po‐Ren Hsueh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, China Medical University HospitalChina Medical UniversityTaichungTaiwan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, China Medical University HospitalChina Medical UniversityTaichungTaiwan
- PhD Program for Ageing, School of MedicineChina Medical UniversityTaichungTaiwan
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3
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El-Saber Batiha G, Al-Gareeb AI, Saad HM, Al-kuraishy HM. COVID-19 and corticosteroids: a narrative review. Inflammopharmacology 2022; 30:1189-1205. [PMID: 35562628 PMCID: PMC9106274 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-022-00987-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
It has been reported that corticosteroid therapy was effective in the management of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS), and recently in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Corticosteroids are potent anti-inflammatory drugs that mitigate the risk of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in COVID-19 and other viral pneumonia, despite a reduction of viral clearance; corticosteroids inhibit the development of cytokine storm and multi-organ damage. The risk-benefit ratio should be assessed for critical COVID-19 patients. In conclusion, corticosteroid therapy is an effective way in the management of COVID-19, it reduces the risk of complications primarily acute lung injury and the development of ARDS. Besides, corticosteroid therapy mainly dexamethasone and methylprednisolone are effective in reducing the severity of COVID-19 and associated comorbidities such as chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD), rheumatoid arthritis, and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaber El-Saber Batiha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, 22511 AlBeheira Egypt
| | - Ali I. Al-Gareeb
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Medicine, College of Medicine, Mustansiriyiah University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Hebatallah M. Saad
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Matrouh University, Matrouh, 51744 Matrouh Egypt
| | - Hayder M. Al-kuraishy
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Medicine, College of Medicine, Mustansiriyiah University, Baghdad, Iraq
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Terada-Hirashima J, Suzuki M, Tsujimoto Y, Hamamoto Y, Uemura Y, Tsushima K, Inoue H, Komatsu S, Saito Z, Tsuzuki R, Okamoto M, To Y, Moriya K, Yoshizawa S, Tanaka M, Muto T, Mikami A, Takasaki J, Izumi S, Ohmagari N, Hojo M, Sugiura W, Sugiyama H. Impact of inhaled ciclesonide on asymptomatic or mild COVID-19: A randomized trial. Drug Discov Ther 2022; 16:225-232. [DOI: 10.5582/ddt.2022.01068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Junko Terada-Hirashima
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Center Hospital of the National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Manabu Suzuki
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Center Hospital of the National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshie Tsujimoto
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Center Hospital of the National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoichiro Hamamoto
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Hospital Organization Nishisaitama-Chuo National Hospital, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yukari Uemura
- Center for Clinical Sciences, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenji Tsushima
- International University of Health and Welfare, Narita Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hideki Inoue
- Respiratory/Allergy Internal Medicine, Showa University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shigeru Komatsu
- Respiratory Medicine, Kanagawa Cardiovascular and Respiratory Center, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Zenya Saito
- Respiratory Medicine, Atsugi City Hospital, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Ryuta Tsuzuki
- Allergy and Respiratory Medicine, The Fraternity Memorial Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaki Okamoto
- Department of Respirology and Clinical Research Center, National Hospital Organization Kyushu Medical Center, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yasuo To
- Respiratory Diseases Center, International University of Health and Welfare, Mita Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kyoji Moriya
- Infection Control and Prevention, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sadako Yoshizawa
- Department of Clinical Laboratory/Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Toho University, Tokyo Japan
| | - Masahide Tanaka
- Respiratory Medicine, National Hospital Organization Higashisaga Hospital, Saga, Japan
| | - Toshitaka Muto
- Hematology, National Hospital Organization Kokura Medical Center, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Ayako Mikami
- Center for Clinical Sciences, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jin Takasaki
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Center Hospital of the National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinyu Izumi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Center Hospital of the National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Norio Ohmagari
- Disease Control and Prevention Center, Center Hospital of the National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masayuki Hojo
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Center Hospital of the National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Wataru Sugiura
- Center for Clinical Sciences, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Haruhito Sugiyama
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Center Hospital of the National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Song JY, Yoon JG, Seo YB, Lee J, Eom JS, Lee JS, Choi WS, Lee EY, Choi YA, Hyun HJ, Seong H, Noh JY, Cheong HJ, Kim WJ. Ciclesonide Inhaler Treatment for Mild-to-Moderate COVID-19: A Randomized, Open-Label, Phase 2 Trial. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10163545. [PMID: 34441840 PMCID: PMC8396813 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10163545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Although some intravenous drugs have been used to treat coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), no effective antiviral agents are currently available in the outpatient setting. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy and adverse events of 14-day ciclesonide treatment vs. standard care for patients with mild-to-moderate COVID-19. A randomized, open-label, multicenter clinical trial of ciclesonide inhalers was conducted in patients with mild-to-moderate COVID-19. Patients were enrolled within 3 days of diagnosis or within 7 days from symptom onset and randomly assigned to receive either ciclesonide (320 µg inhalation twice per day for 14 days) or standard care. The primary endpoint was the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) eradication rate on day 14 from study enrollment. Clinical status was assessed once daily, and serial nasopharyngeal viral load was evaluated by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. There were 35 and 26 patients in the ciclesonide and standard care groups, respectively. The SARS-CoV-2 eradication rate at day 14 was significantly higher in the ciclesonide group (p = 0.021). In multivariate analysis, SARS-CoV-2 negative conversion within 14 days was 12 times more likely in the ciclesonide group (95% confidence interval, 1.187–125.240). Additionally, the clinical failure rate (high-flow nasal oxygen therapy or mechanical ventilation) was significantly lower in the ciclesonide group (p = 0.034). In conclusion, ciclesonide inhalation shortened SARS-CoV-2 viral shedding duration, and it may inhibit the progression to acute respiratory failure in patients with mild-to-moderate COVID-19. Clinical Trial Registration NCT04330586.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joon-Young Song
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 08308, Korea; (J.-Y.S.); (J.-G.Y.); (H.-J.H.); (H.S.); (J.-Y.N.); (H.-J.C.)
| | - Jin-Gu Yoon
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 08308, Korea; (J.-Y.S.); (J.-G.Y.); (H.-J.H.); (H.S.); (J.-Y.N.); (H.-J.C.)
| | - Yu-Bin Seo
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon 24252, Korea; (Y.-B.S.); (J.L.)
| | - Jacob Lee
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon 24252, Korea; (Y.-B.S.); (J.L.)
| | - Joong-Sik Eom
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Gil Medical Center, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon 21565, Korea;
| | - Jin-Soo Lee
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Inha University College of Medicine, Incheon 22332, Korea;
| | - Won-Suk Choi
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Ansan 15255, Korea;
| | - Eun-Young Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul Metropolitan Government-Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul 07061, Korea;
| | - Young-Ah Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul Metropolitan Seobuk Hospital, Seoul 03433, Korea;
| | - Hak-Jun Hyun
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 08308, Korea; (J.-Y.S.); (J.-G.Y.); (H.-J.H.); (H.S.); (J.-Y.N.); (H.-J.C.)
| | - Hye Seong
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 08308, Korea; (J.-Y.S.); (J.-G.Y.); (H.-J.H.); (H.S.); (J.-Y.N.); (H.-J.C.)
| | - Ji-Yun Noh
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 08308, Korea; (J.-Y.S.); (J.-G.Y.); (H.-J.H.); (H.S.); (J.-Y.N.); (H.-J.C.)
| | - Hee-Jin Cheong
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 08308, Korea; (J.-Y.S.); (J.-G.Y.); (H.-J.H.); (H.S.); (J.-Y.N.); (H.-J.C.)
| | - Woo-Joo Kim
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 08308, Korea; (J.-Y.S.); (J.-G.Y.); (H.-J.H.); (H.S.); (J.-Y.N.); (H.-J.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-2626-3052; Fax: +82-2-2626-1105
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Nippes RP, Macruz PD, da Silva GN, Neves Olsen Scaliante MH. A critical review on environmental presence of pharmaceutical drugs tested for the covid-19 treatment. PROCESS SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION : TRANSACTIONS OF THE INSTITUTION OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERS, PART B 2021; 152:568-582. [PMID: 34226801 PMCID: PMC8243632 DOI: 10.1016/j.psep.2021.06.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared COVID-19 a pandemic. The outbreak caused a worldwide impact, becoming a health threat to the general population and its professionals. To date, there are no specific antiviral treatments or vaccines for the COVID-19 infection, however, some drugs are being clinically tested. The use of these drugs on large scale raises great concern about their imminent environmental risk, since the elimination of these compounds by feces and urine associated with the inefficiency of sewage treatment plants in their removal can result in their persistence in the environment, putting in risk the health of humans and of other species. Thus, the goal of this work was to conduct a review of other studies that evaluated the presence of the drugs chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine, azithromycin, ivermectin, dexamethasone, remdesivir, favipiravir and some HIV antivirals in the environment. The research indicated the presence of these drugs in the environment in different regions, with concentration data that could serve as a basis for further comparative studies following the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramiro Picoli Nippes
- State University of Maringa, Department of Chemical Engineering, Maringa, 87020-900, Parana, Brazil
| | - Paula Derksen Macruz
- State University of Maringa, Department of Chemical Engineering, Maringa, 87020-900, Parana, Brazil
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7
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Jaumotte JD, Franks AL, Bargerstock EM, Kisanga EP, Menden HL, Ghersi A, Omar M, Wang L, Rudine A, Short KL, Silswal N, Cole TJ, Sampath V, Monaghan-Nichols AP, DeFranco DB. Ciclesonide activates glucocorticoid signaling in neonatal rat lung but does not trigger adverse effects in the cortex and cerebellum. Neurobiol Dis 2021; 156:105422. [PMID: 34126164 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2021.105422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Synthetic glucocorticoids (sGCs) such as dexamethasone (DEX), while used to mitigate inflammation and disease progression in premature infants with severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), are also associated with significant adverse neurologic effects such as reductions in myelination and abnormalities in neuroanatomical development. Ciclesonide (CIC) is a sGC prodrug approved for asthma treatment that exhibits limited systemic side effects. Carboxylesterases enriched in the lower airways convert CIC to the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) agonist des-CIC. We therefore examined whether CIC would likewise activate GR in neonatal lung but have limited adverse extra-pulmonary effects, particularly in the developing brain. Neonatal rats were administered subcutaneous injections of CIC, DEX or vehicle from postnatal days 1-5 (PND1-PND5). Systemic effects linked to DEX exposure, including reduced body and brain weight, were not observed in CIC treated neonates. Furthermore, CIC did not trigger the long-lasting reduction in myelin basic protein expression in the cerebral cortex nor cerebellar size caused by neonatal DEX exposure. Conversely, DEX and CIC were both effective at inducing the expression of select GR target genes in neonatal lung, including those implicated in lung-protective and anti-inflammatory effects. Thus, CIC is a promising, novel candidate drug to treat or prevent BPD in neonates given its activation of GR in neonatal lung and limited adverse neurodevelopmental effects. Furthermore, since sGCs such as DEX administered to pregnant women in pre-term labor can adversely affect fetal brain development, the neurological-sparing properties of CIC, make it an attractive alternative for DEX to treat pregnant women severely ill with respiratory illness, such as with asthma exacerbations or COVID-19 infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliann D Jaumotte
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Pittsburgh Institute of Neurodegenerative Disease (PIND), University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Alexis L Franks
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Child Neurology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Erin M Bargerstock
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Newborn Medicine, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Edwina Philip Kisanga
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Pittsburgh Institute of Neurodegenerative Disease (PIND), University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Heather L Menden
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Children's Mercy Kansas City, University of Missouri Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Alexis Ghersi
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Pittsburgh Institute of Neurodegenerative Disease (PIND), University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Mahmoud Omar
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Pittsburgh Institute of Neurodegenerative Disease (PIND), University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Liping Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Pittsburgh Institute of Neurodegenerative Disease (PIND), University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Anthony Rudine
- Department of Neonatology, St. David's Medical Center, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Kelly L Short
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Neerupama Silswal
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Timothy J Cole
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Venkatesh Sampath
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Children's Mercy Kansas City, University of Missouri Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - A Paula Monaghan-Nichols
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Donald B DeFranco
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Pittsburgh Institute of Neurodegenerative Disease (PIND), University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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8
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Multiple drugs. REACTIONS WEEKLY 2021. [PMCID: PMC7997486 DOI: 10.1007/s40278-021-93286-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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9
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Langarizadeh MA, Ranjbar Tavakoli M, Abiri A, Ghasempour A, Rezaei M, Ameri A. A review on function and side effects of systemic corticosteroids used in high-grade COVID-19 to prevent cytokine storms. EXCLI JOURNAL 2021; 20:339-365. [PMID: 33746666 PMCID: PMC7975631 DOI: 10.17179/excli2020-3196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In December 2019, a cluster of pneumonia caused by a novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV), officially known as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), emerged in Wuhan, Hubei province, China. Cytokine storm is an uncontrolled systemic inflammatory response resulting from the release of large amounts of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines that occurs at phase 3 of viral infection. Such emergence led to the development of many clinical trials to discover efficient drugs and therapeutic protocols to fight with this single-stranded RNA virus. Corticosteroids suppress inflammation of the lungs during the cytokine storm, weaken immune responses, and inhibit the elimination of pathogen. For this reason, in COVID-19 corticosteroid therapy, systemic inhibition of inflammation is observed with a wide range of side effects. The present review discusses the effectiveness of the corticosteroid application in COVID-19 infection and the related side effects of these agents. In summary, a number of corticosteroids, including and especially methylprednisolone and dexamethasone, have demonstrated remarkable efficacy, particularly for COVID-19 patients who underwent mechanical ventilation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Amin Langarizadeh
- Student Research Committee, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | | | - Ardavan Abiri
- Student Research Committee, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Ali Ghasempour
- Student Research Committee, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Masoud Rezaei
- Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Alieh Ameri
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
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10
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Yañez O, Osorio MI, Uriarte E, Areche C, Tiznado W, Pérez-Donoso JM, García-Beltrán O, González-Nilo F. In Silico Study of Coumarins and Quinolines Derivatives as Potent Inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 Main Protease. Front Chem 2021; 8:595097. [PMID: 33614592 PMCID: PMC7893092 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.595097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The pandemic that started in Wuhan (China) in 2019 has caused a large number of deaths, and infected people around the world due to the absence of effective therapy against coronavirus 2 of the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV-2). Viral maturation requires the activity of the main viral protease (Mpro), so its inhibition stops the progress of the disease. To evaluate possible inhibitors, a computational model of the SARS-CoV-2 enzyme Mpro was constructed in complex with 26 synthetic ligands derived from coumarins and quinolines. Analysis of simulations of molecular dynamics and molecular docking of the models show a high affinity for the enzyme (∆E binding between -5.1 and 7.1 kcal mol-1). The six compounds with the highest affinity show K d between 6.26 × 10-6 and 17.2 × 10-6, with binding affinity between -20 and -25 kcal mol-1, with ligand efficiency less than 0.3 associated with possible inhibitory candidates. In addition to the high affinity of these compounds for SARS-CoV-2 Mpro, low toxicity is expected considering the Lipinski, Veber and Pfizer rules. Therefore, this novel study provides candidate inhibitors that would allow experimental studies which can lead to the development of new treatments for SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osvaldo Yañez
- Computational and Theoretical Chemistry Group, Departamento de Ciencias Químicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
- Center for Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology (CBIB), Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
- Center of New Drugs for Hypertension (CENDHY), Santiago, Chile
| | - Manuel Isaías Osorio
- Center for Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology (CBIB), Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Diego Portales, Santiago, Chile
| | - Eugenio Uriarte
- Departamento Química Orgánica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Instituto de Ciencias Químicas Aplicadas, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | - Carlos Areche
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - William Tiznado
- Computational and Theoretical Chemistry Group, Departamento de Ciencias Químicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - José M. Pérez-Donoso
- Center for Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology (CBIB), Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Olimpo García-Beltrán
- Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Matemáticas, Universidad de Ibagué, Ibagué, Colombia
| | - Fernando González-Nilo
- Center for Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology (CBIB), Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
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