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Lin DSH, Tzeng SC, Cha TL, Hung CM, Lin WC, Yang CM, Lu HY, Chang JY, Huang SW. Inhalable chitosan-based hydrogel as a mucosal adjuvant for hydroxychloroquine in the treatment for SARS-CoV-2 infection in a hamster model. JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY, IMMUNOLOGY, AND INFECTION = WEI MIAN YU GAN RAN ZA ZHI 2023; 56:951-960. [PMID: 37620239 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmii.2023.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Effective therapy for COVID-19 remains limited. Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) has been considered, but safety and efficacy concerns remain. Chitosan exhibits antiviral and immunomodulatory effects, yet how the combination of HCQ and chitosan performs in treating COVID-19 is unknown. METHODS Male Syrian hamsters were inoculated intranasally with standardized stocks of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Hamsters were allocated to saline (PBS), chitosan oligosaccharide (COS), HCQ, or COS + HCQ groups and received corresponding drugs. On days 1, 7, and 14 post-infection, two animals from each group were euthanized for sample collection. Viral loads were measured in lung homogenates. Biochemistry markers, cytokines, and immunoglobulins were analyzed from hamster sera. HCQ concentrations were compared between the blood, bronchoalveolar lavage, and lung tissues. All groups underwent histopathology exams of the lungs. Additional hamsters were treated with the same drugs to assess for toxicities to the heart and liver. RESULTS Among all groups, viral loads in the COS + HCQ group were the lowest by day 8. The COS + HCQ group produced the highest interleukin (IL)-6 levels on day 4, and the highest IL-10, IgA and IgG levels on day 8. HCQ concentrations were higher in the COS + HCQ group's lungs than the HCQ group, despite having received half the dose of HCQ. Histopathology demonstrated earlier inflammation resolution and swifter viral clearance in the COS + HCQ group. There was no evidence of cardiac or hepatic injury in hamsters that received HCQ. CONCLUSION In hamsters infected with the SARS-CoV-2 virus, the combination of intranasal COS and HCQ was associated with increased HCQ absorption in the lungs, more effective immune responses, without increasing the risk of hepatic or cardiac injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donna Shu-Han Lin
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shin Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shian Chiuan Tzeng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tai-Lung Cha
- Institute of Preventive Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Mao Hung
- Institute of Preventive Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chin Lin
- Institute of Preventive Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Pathology and Graduate Institute of Pathology and Parasitology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chuen-Mi Yang
- Institute of Preventive Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsuan-Ying Lu
- Institute of Preventive Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Yu Chang
- Institute of Preventive Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Wei Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Chi H, Chiu NC, Chen CC, Weng SL, Lien CH, Lin CH, Hu YF, Lei WT, Tai YL, Lin LY, Liu LYM, Lin CY. To PCR or not? The impact of shifting policy from PCR to rapid antigen tests to diagnose COVID-19 during the omicron epidemic: a nationwide surveillance study. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1148637. [PMID: 37546311 PMCID: PMC10399748 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1148637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) had caused huge impacts worldwide. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is the mainstay diagnostic modality. In most hospitals in Taiwan, samples for PCR are collected at emergency department (ER) or outdoor clinics to avoid virus spread inside hospitals. Home rapid antigen test (RAT) is a feasible, low-cost, and convenient tool with moderate sensitivity and high specificity, which can be performed at home to reduce hospital visits. Due to comparably low severity of omicron variant and high vaccine coverage (~80% residents fully vaccinated with AstraZeneca, Moderna, or Pfizer BioNTech COVID-19 vaccines as of March 2022), the policy was shifted from containment to co-existing with COVID-19 in Taiwan. Virus spread rapidly in the community after the ease of social restrictive measurements. To acquire a confirmed diagnosis, PCR testing was requested for people with suspected COVID-19 infection. As a consequence, people with respiratory symptoms or contact history surged into hospitals for PCR testing, thus, the medical capacity was challenged. The diagnostic policy was altered from PCR to RAT, but the impact of diagnostic policy change remains unclear. Objectives We conducted this study to investigate the number of COVID-19 cases, PCR testing, hospitalizations, mortalities, and hospital visits during the epidemic and evaluate the impact of diagnostic policy change on hospital visits. Methods The diagnostic policy change was implemented in late May 2022. We used nationwide and hospital-based data of COVID-19 cases, PCR testing, hospitalizations, mortalities, and hospital visits before and after policy change as of 31 Jul 2022. Results During the omicron epidemic, significant and synchronous increase of COVID-19 patients, PCR testing, hospital visits were observed. COVID-19 cases increased exponentially since April 2022 and the COVID-19 patients peaked in June (1,943, 55,571, and 61,511 average daily new cases in April, May, and June, respectively). The PCR testing peaked in May (85,788 daily tests) with high positive rate (81%). The policy of RAT as confirmatory diagnosis was implemented on 26 May 2022 and a substantial decline of PCR testing numbers occurred (85,788 and 83,113 daily tests in May and June). People hospitalized for COVID-19 peaked in June (821.8 patients per day) and decreased in July (549.5 patients). The mortality cases also peaked in June (147 cases/day). This trend was also validated by the hospital-based data with a significant decrease of emergency department visits (11,397 visits in May while 8,126 visits in June) and PCR testing (21,314 in May and 6,158 in June). The proportion of people purely for PCR testing also decreased (10-26 vs. 5-14%, before and after policy change, respectively). Conclusions The impact of diagnostic policy change was a complicated issue and our study demonstrated the huge impact of diagnostic policy on health seeking behavior. The PCR testing numbers and emergency department visits had substantial decrease after diagnostic policy change, and the plateau of epidemic peak eased gradually in ~1 month later. Widespread RAT application may contribute to the decreased hospital visits and preserve medical capacity. Our study provides some evidences for policy maker's reference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin Chi
- Department of Pediatrics, MacKay Children's Hospital, Taipei City, Taiwan
- Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Nan-Chang Chiu
- Department of Pediatrics, MacKay Children's Hospital, Taipei City, Taiwan
- Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Chu Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hsinchu MacKay Memorial Hospital, Hsinchu, Taiwan
- Teaching Center of Natural Science, Minghsin University of Science and Technology, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Shun-Long Weng
- Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, Taipei City, Taiwan
- Department of Obsterics and Gynecology, Hsinchu MacKay Memorial Hospital, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Hone Lien
- Department of Pediatrics, Hsinchu MacKay Memorial Hospital, Hsinchu, Taiwan
- Department of Pediatrics, Hsinchu Municipal MacKay Children's Hospital, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Hsu Lin
- Department of Pediatrics, Hsinchu MacKay Memorial Hospital, Hsinchu, Taiwan
- Department of Pediatrics, Hsinchu Municipal MacKay Children's Hospital, Hsinchu, Taiwan
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Feng Hu
- Department of Laboratory, Hsinchu MacKay Memorial Hospital, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Te Lei
- Department of Pediatrics, Hsinchu MacKay Memorial Hospital, Hsinchu, Taiwan
- Department of Pediatrics, Hsinchu Municipal MacKay Children's Hospital, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Lin Tai
- Department of Pediatrics, Hsinchu MacKay Memorial Hospital, Hsinchu, Taiwan
- Department of Pediatrics, Hsinchu Municipal MacKay Children's Hospital, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | | | - Lawrence Yu-Min Liu
- Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, Taipei City, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hsinchu MacKay Memorial Hospital, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Yu Lin
- Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, Taipei City, Taiwan
- Department of Pediatrics, Hsinchu MacKay Memorial Hospital, Hsinchu, Taiwan
- Department of Pediatrics, Hsinchu Municipal MacKay Children's Hospital, Hsinchu, Taiwan
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Makanut S, Wangteeraprasert A, Jitpewngam W, Ngoenkam J, Pongcharoen S. Immunological responses and adverse reactions of the heterologous second booster dose of BNT162b2 after two-dose CoronaVac for COVID-19 vaccination in healthcare workers of Faculty of Medicine, Naresuan University. Vaccine 2023; 41:4335-4340. [PMID: 37301707 PMCID: PMC10239901 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The first COVID-19 vaccination campaign in Thailand began in April 2020, with healthcare workers receiving two doses of inactivated COVID-19 vaccine (CoronaVac). However, the emergence of the delta and omicron variants raised concerns about vaccine effectiveness. The Thai Ministry of Public Health provided the first booster dose (third dose) and second booster dose (fourth dose) of the mRNA vaccine (BNT162b2) for healthcare workers. This study investigated the immunity and adverse reactions elicited by a heterologous second booster dose of BNT162b2 after a two-dose CoronaVac vaccination for COVID-19 in healthcare workers of the Faculty of Medicine, Naresuan University. METHODS IgG titres against the SARS-CoV-2-spike protein were measured four and 24 weeks after the second booster dose of BNT162b2 in the study participants. Adverse reactions were recorded during the first three days, four weeks and 24 weeks after the second booster dose of BNT162b2. RESULTS IgG against the SARS-CoV-2-spike protein was positive (>10 U/ml) in 246 of 247 participants (99.6 %) at both four and 24 weeks after the second booster dose of BNT162b2. The median specific IgG titres at four and 24 weeks after the second booster dose of BNT162b2 were 299 U/ml (min: 2, max: 29,161) and 104 U/ml (min: 1, max: 17,920), respectively. The median IgG level declined significantly 24 weeks after the second booster dose of the BNT162b2 vaccine. Of the 247 participants, 179 (72.5 %) experienced adverse reactions in the first three days after the second booster dose of BNT162b2. Myalgia, fever, headache, injection site pain and fatigue were the most common adverse reactions. CONCLUSION This study demonstrated that a heterologous second booster dose of BNT162b2 after two doses of CoronaVac induced elevated IgG against the SARS-CoV-2-spike protein and caused minor adverse reactions in healthcare workers of the Faculty of Medicine, Naresuan University. This study was registered as Thailand Clinical Trials No. TCTR20221112001.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supawadee Makanut
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand.
| | - Apirath Wangteeraprasert
- Division of Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand
| | - Wittawat Jitpewngam
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand
| | - Jatuporn Ngoenkam
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand
| | - Sutatip Pongcharoen
- Division of Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand.
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Kang CM, Lee NY, Lin CH, Hsu YS, Chang YC, Chung MY, Lee YF, Tseng WP, Wu JL, Chen SY, Lu MC, Ko WC, Lee PI, Hsueh PR. Immunogenicity and safety of homologous and heterologous ChAdOx1-S and mRNA-1273 vaccinations in healthy adults in Taiwan. J Clin Virol 2022; 150-151:105156. [PMID: 35413588 PMCID: PMC8986279 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2022.105156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In Taiwan, the vaccination program started in March 2021, with ChAdOx1-S being the first available WHO-approved COVID-19 vaccine, followed by Moderna vaccine. This study aimed to investigate the immunogenicity and safety of homologous and heterologous prime-boost regimens with ChAdOx1-S and mRNA-1273. METHODS From March to November 2021, homologous or heterologous regimens with ChAdOx1-S and mRNA-1273 vaccination (ChAdOx1-S/ChAdOx1-S, mRNA-1273/mRNA-1273, ChAdOx1-S/mRNA-1273) were given to 945 healthy participants. Serum samples were collected at designated time points. The anti-RBD/S1 antibody titers and neutralizing ability were measured by three different immunoassays: Elecsys® Anti-SARS-CoV-2 S (Roche Diagnostics, Mannheim, Germany), AdviseDx SARS-CoV-2 IgG II (Abbott Diagnostics Division, Sligo, Ireland), and cPass™ SARS-CoV-2 Neutralization Antibody Detection Kit (GenScript, New Jersey, USA). RESULTS We found that heterologous vaccination with ChAdOx1-S/mRNA-1273 had an acceptable safety profile and induced higher total anti-RBD/S1 antibody production (p < 0.0001), yet lower anti-RBD/S1 IgG titer (p < 0.0001) and neutralizing ability (p = 0.0101) than mRNA-1273/mRNA-1273 group. Both regimens showed higher antibody titers and superior neutralizing abilities than ChAdOx1-S/ChAdOx1-S. An age-dependent antibody response to ChAdOx1-S/mRNA-1273 was shown after both the priming and the booster doses. Younger age was associated with higher antibody production and neutralizing ability. CONCLUSIONS Heterologous ChAdOx1-S/mRNA-1273 vaccination regimen is generally safe and induces a robust humoral immune response that is non-inferior to that of mRNA-1273/mRNA-1273.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Min Kang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan,; Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Nan-Yao Lee
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University; Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hsueh Lin
- Division of family medicine, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Shan Hsu
- Nursing Department, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chang Chang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Yi Chung
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Fan Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Pin Tseng
- Department of Emergency Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jhong-Lin Wu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shey-Ying Chen
- Department of Emergency Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan; Center for Quality Management, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan,.
| | - Min-Chi Lu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
| | - Wen-Chien Ko
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University; Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
| | - Ping-Ing Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Po-Ren Hsueh
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan,; Department of Laboratory Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan,; Ph.D Program for Aging, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
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5
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Cardenas VM, Kennedy JL, Williams M, Nembhard WN, Zohoori N, Du R, Jin J, Boothe D, Fischbach LA, Kirkpatrick C, Modi Z, Caid K, Owens S, Forrest JC, James L, Boehme KW, Olgaard E, Gardner SF, Amick BC. State-wide random seroprevalence survey of SARS-CoV-2 past infection in a southern US State, 2020. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0267322. [PMID: 35476717 PMCID: PMC9045671 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0267322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to estimate the proportion of Arkansas residents who were infected with the SARS-CoV-2 virus between May and December 2020 and to assess the determinants of infection. To estimate seroprevalence, a state-wide population-based random-digit dial sample of non-institutionalized adults in Arkansas was surveyed. Exposures were age, sex, race/ethnicity, education, occupation, contact with infected persons, comorbidities, height, and weight. The outcome was past COVID-19 infection measured by serum antibody test. We found a prevalence of 15.1% (95% CI: 11.1%, 20.2%) by December 2020. Seropositivity was significantly elevated among participants who were non-Hispanic Black, Hispanic (prevalence ratio [PRs]:1.4 [95% CI: 0.8, 2.4] and 2.3 [95% CI: 1.3, 4.0], respectively), worked in high-demand essential services (PR: 2.5 [95% CI: 1.5, 4.1]), did not have a college degree (PR: 1.6 [95% CI: 1.0, 2.4]), had an infected household or extra-household contact (PRs: 4.7 [95% CI: 2.1, 10.1] and 2.6 [95% CI: 1.2, 5.7], respectively), and were contacted in November or December (PR: 3.6 [95% CI: 1.9, 6.9]). Our results indicate that by December 2020, one out six persons in Arkansas had a past SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor M. Cardenas
- Department of Epidemiology, Fay W. Boozman College of Public Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, United States of America
| | - Joshua L. Kennedy
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, United States of America
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, United States of America
- Arkansas Children’s Research Institute, Little Rock, Arkansas, United States of America
| | - Mark Williams
- Department of Health Behavior and Health Education, Fay W. Boozman College of Public Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, United States of America
| | - Wendy N. Nembhard
- Department of Epidemiology, Fay W. Boozman College of Public Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, United States of America
| | - Namvar Zohoori
- Department of Epidemiology, Fay W. Boozman College of Public Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, United States of America
- Arkansas Department of Health, Little Rock, Arkansas, United States of America
| | - Ruofei Du
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, United States of America
| | - Jing Jin
- Department of Epidemiology, Fay W. Boozman College of Public Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, United States of America
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, United States of America
| | - Danielle Boothe
- Department of Epidemiology, Fay W. Boozman College of Public Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, United States of America
| | - Lori A. Fischbach
- Department of Epidemiology, Fay W. Boozman College of Public Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, United States of America
- Los Angeles County Department of Public Health, Outbreak Management Branch, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Catherine Kirkpatrick
- Arkansas Children’s Research Institute, Little Rock, Arkansas, United States of America
| | - Zeel Modi
- Arkansas Children’s Research Institute, Little Rock, Arkansas, United States of America
| | - Katherine Caid
- Arkansas Children’s Research Institute, Little Rock, Arkansas, United States of America
| | - Shana Owens
- Arkansas Children’s Research Institute, Little Rock, Arkansas, United States of America
| | - J. Craig Forrest
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, United States of America
| | - Laura James
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, United States of America
| | - Karl W. Boehme
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, United States of America
- Centre for Microbial Pathogenesis and Host Inflammatory Responses, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, United States of America
| | - Ericka Olgaard
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, United States of America
| | - Stephanie F. Gardner
- College of Pharmacy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, United States of America
| | - Benjamin C. Amick
- Department of Epidemiology, Fay W. Boozman College of Public Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, United States of America
- Winthrop P. Rockefeller Cancer Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, United States of America
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Makoah NA, Tipih T, Litabe MM, Brink M, Sempa JB, Goedhals D, Burt FJ. A systematic review and meta-analysis of the sensitivity of antibody tests for the laboratory confirmation of COVID-19. Future Virol 2021; 17:10.2217/fvl-2021-0211. [PMID: 34950219 PMCID: PMC8686841 DOI: 10.2217/fvl-2021-0211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the utility of serological tests for the diagnosis of COVID-19 during the first week of symptom onset in patients confirmed with the real-time RT-PCR. Materials & methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis of 58 publications were performed using data obtained from Academic Search Ultimate, Africa-wide, Scopus, Web of Science and MEDLINE. Results: We found that the highest pooled sensitivities were obtained with ELISA IgM-IgG and chemiluminescence immunoassay IgM tests. Conclusion: Serological tests have low sensitivity within the first week of symptom onset and cannot replace nucleic acid amplification tests. However, serological assays can be used to support nucleic acid amplification tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nigel A Makoah
- Division of Virology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of The Free State, Bloemfontein, 9301, South Africa
| | - Thomas Tipih
- Division of Virology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of The Free State, Bloemfontein, 9301, South Africa
| | - Matefo M Litabe
- Division of Virology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of The Free State, Bloemfontein, 9301, South Africa
| | - Mareza Brink
- Free State Department of Health, Bloemfontein, 9301, South Africa
| | - Joseph B Sempa
- Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of The Free State, Bloemfontein, 9301, South Africa
- DST-NRF Centre of Excellence in Epidemiological Modelling & Analysis (SACEMA), Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, 7600, South Africa
| | - Dominique Goedhals
- Division of Virology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of The Free State, Bloemfontein, 9301, South Africa
- Division of Virology, National Health Laboratory Service, Bloemfontein, 9301, South Africa
| | - Felicity J Burt
- Division of Virology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of The Free State, Bloemfontein, 9301, South Africa
- Division of Virology, National Health Laboratory Service, Bloemfontein, 9301, South Africa
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7
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Li MC, Lee NY, Tsai WL, Ko WC. A seroprevalence study of COVID-19 at a campus in southern Taiwan. JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY, IMMUNOLOGY, AND INFECTION = WEI MIAN YU GAN RAN ZA ZHI 2021; 54:1008-1010. [PMID: 33867282 PMCID: PMC8028599 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmii.2021.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Chi Li
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Public Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Nan-Yao Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Lun Tsai
- Department of Pathology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chien Ko
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
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