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Sayegh M, Henderson J, Farquharson AJ, Horgan G, Ranawana V, Drew JE. Inter-Individual Variation in Postprandial Glycemic Responses in Women Co-Ingesting Green Leafy Vegetables with a Carbohydrate Meal: Interactions with the Sirtuin System. Mol Nutr Food Res 2021; 65:e2000923. [PMID: 33852192 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202000923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Green leafy vegetables (GLV) may improve postprandial glycemic responses (PGR) and metabolic health. However, inter-individual variations (IIV) preclude conclusive evidence. Sirtuin system is emerging as a key player in blood glucose control. This study investigates IIV in PGR in women co-ingesting GLV with a carbohydrate meal and interactions with the sirtuin system. METHODS AND RESULTS Volunteers (n = 31 women) consume rice, rice with bok choy, or spinach (75g available carbohydrate) on separate occasions. Postprandial glucose, insulin, adropin, and lipid levels are measured. Anthropometric measurements and sex hormones are measured. GeXP assay measures whole blood postprandial gene expression profiles of 25 markers involved in sirtuin signaling. GLV consumption has no significant effect on PGR, which shows high variation. PGR correlated with age, but no other consistent associations are observed. Sirtuin gene expression profiles reveal distinct stratified subgroups associated with PGR, lipid, insulin, fat mass, waist/hip circumferences, and adropin levels. CONCLUSION PGR to co-ingesting GLV with a carbohydrate meal are highly variable in this cohort and fail to reveal a significant reduction in PGR. Variable responses are largely independent of menopausal status and meal consumed. However, lower expression of sirtuin gene targets is associated with higher PGR and with markers linked to health status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marietta Sayegh
- The Rowett Institute, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Jaye Henderson
- The Rowett Institute, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Andrew J Farquharson
- The Rowett Institute, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Graham Horgan
- Biomathematics and Statistics Scotland, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Viren Ranawana
- The Rowett Institute, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Janice E Drew
- The Rowett Institute, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, UK
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Aird TP, Farquharson AJ, Drew JE, Carson BP. Development of a multiplex assay to determine the expression of mitochondrial genes in human skeletal muscle. Exp Physiol 2021; 106:1659-1670. [PMID: 33963611 DOI: 10.1113/ep089557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
NEW FINDINGS What is the central question of this study? Can a custom-designed multiplex gene expression assay be used to quantify expression levels of a targeted group of mitochondrial genes in human skeletal muscle? What is the main finding and its importance? A custom-designed GeXP multiplex assay was developed, and the ability to accurately quantify expression of a targeted set of mitochondrial genes in human skeletal muscle was demonstrated. It holds distinct methodological and practical advantages over other commonly used quantification methods. ABSTRACT Skeletal muscle is an important endocrine tissue demonstrating plasticity in response to external stimuli, including exercise and nutrition. Mitochondrial biogenesis is a common hallmark of adaptations to aerobic exercise training. Furthermore, altered expression of several genes implicated in the regulation of mitochondrial biogenesis, substrate oxidation and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+ ) biosynthesis following acute exercise underpins longer-term muscle metabolic adaptations. Gene expression is typically measured using real-time quantitative PCR platforms. However, interest has developed in the design of multiplex gene expression assays (GeXP) using the GenomeLab GeXP™ genetic analysis system, which can simultaneously quantify gene expression of multiple targets, holding distinct advantages in terms of throughput, limiting technical error, cost effectiveness, and quantifying gene co-expression. This study describes the development of a custom-designed GeXP assay incorporating the measurement of proposed regulators of mitochondrial biogenesis, substrate oxidation, and NAD+ biosynthetic capacity in human skeletal muscle and characterises the resting gene expression (overnight fasted and non-exercised) signature within a group of young, healthy, recreationally active males. The design of GeXP-based assays provides the capacity to more accurately characterise the regulation of a targeted group of genes with specific regulatory functions, a potentially advantageous development for future investigations of the regulation of muscle metabolism by exercise and/or nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom P Aird
- Physical Education and Sports Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland.,Physical Activity for Health, Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | | | - Janice E Drew
- The Rowett Institute, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Brian P Carson
- Physical Education and Sports Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland.,Physical Activity for Health, Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
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3
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Boshagh MA, Foroutan P, Moloudi MR, Fakhari S, Malakouti P, Nikkhoo B, Jalili A. ELR positive CXCL chemokines are highly expressed in an animal model of ulcerative colitis. J Inflamm Res 2019; 12:167-174. [PMID: 31417300 PMCID: PMC6599894 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s203714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The presence of neutrophil-rich inflammation in colon tissues of patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) is one of the most important histological characteristics of this disease. However, the expression of CXCL chemokines governing the infiltration of neutrophils in UC has not been well elucidated. Materials and methods: In this experimental study, the UC model was induced in Wistar rats by administration of 2 mL 4% acetic acid into the large colon through the rectum. Animals were anesthetized after 48 hrs; their colon tissue samples were isolated for macroscopic and histopathological examinations. The expression of CXCL family was assessed by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) technique. Results: Heavy infiltration of neutrophils, coagulation necrosis, and ulcers were observed in H&E staining, which pathologically proved the UC model. qRT-PCR results showed that ELR+ CXC chemokines such as CXCL6 and CXCL3 had the highest expression in the UC group, which was 49 and 28 times higher than that of the control group, respectively. In addition, other chemokines of this group including CXCL1, CXCL2, and CXCL7 had a significant increase compared to the control group (P≤0.05). However, ELR− CXC chemokines such as CXCL4, CXCL13, and CXCL16 showed a smaller upregulation, while CXCL14 chemokine showed a significant decrease compared to the control group (P≤0.05). However, the expression of CXCL9-12 and CXCL17 did not change. Conclusion: The results showed that the ELR+ CXC chemokines, especially CXCL6 and CXCL3, many involved in the pathogenesis of UC; therefore, CXCL6 and CXCL3 chemokines can be used as therapeutic targets for UC, although more studies using human samples are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Amin Boshagh
- Cancer and Immunology Research Center, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran.,Department of Immunology & Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Poorya Foroutan
- Cancer and Immunology Research Center, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran.,Department of Immunology & Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Mohammad Raman Moloudi
- Liver and Digestive Research Center, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Shohreh Fakhari
- Cancer and Immunology Research Center, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Parisa Malakouti
- Cancer and Immunology Research Center, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Bahram Nikkhoo
- Cancer and Immunology Research Center, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Ali Jalili
- Cancer and Immunology Research Center, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran.,Department of Immunology & Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
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Mu X, Chen W, Shi J, Li X, Wang Y. Development of a GeXP-Based Multiplex RT-PCR Assay for Detection of Long Noncoding RNA in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Lab Med 2019; 50:180-188. [PMID: 30423146 DOI: 10.1093/labmed/lmy064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To develop a multiplex quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assay based on the GenomeLab™ GeXP Genetic Analysis System (GeXP) for detection of long noncoding RNA in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). METHODS From PubMed database articles published between 2011 and 2016, we selected 8 kinds of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) related to HCC. Further, we examined 23 pairs of HCC and adjacent noncancerous tissues, using the optimized GeXP multiplex reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay. RESULTS The expression level of lncRNA NEAT1, H19, MALAT1, HOTAIR, DANCR, UCA1, and BCAR4 were significantly decreased, compared with that in adjacent noncancerous tissues (all P <.05). The expression level of lncRNA GAS5 was statistically significantly increased (P <.05). For the quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assay, 8 kinds of lncRNAs were detected as a result of the GeXP assay. CONCLUSIONS The GeXP-based multiplex RT-PCR assay may be used as an alternative method for assisting in the histopathological diagnosis of HCC in liver lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Mu
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, China.,Clinical Laboratory, Qingdao Central Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Qingdao University, China
| | - Wen Chen
- Clinical Laboratory, Qingdao Central Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Qingdao University, China
| | - Junying Shi
- Clinical Laboratory, Qingdao Central Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Qingdao University, China
| | - Xinmin Li
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Ye Wang
- Clinical Laboratory, Qingdao Central Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Qingdao University, China
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Gray SR, Aird TP, Farquharson AJ, Horgan GW, Fisher E, Wilson J, Hopkins GE, Anderson B, Ahmad SA, Davis SR, Drew JE. Inter-individual responses to sprint interval training, a pilot study investigating interactions with the sirtuin system. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2017; 43:84-93. [PMID: 28903011 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2017-0224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Sprint interval training (SIT) is reported to improve blood glucose control and may be a useful public health tool. The sirtuins and associated genes are emerging as key players in blood glucose control. This study investigated the interplay between the sirtuin/NAD system and individual variation in insulin sensitivity responses after SIT in young healthy individuals. Before and after 4 weeks of SIT, body mass and fat percentage were measured and oral glucose tolerance tests performed in 20 young healthy participants (7 females). Blood gene expression profiles (all 7 mammalian sirtuin genes and 15 enzymes involved in conversion of tryptophan, bioavailable vitamin B3, and metabolic precursors to NAD). NAD/NADP was measured in whole blood. Significant reductions in body weight and body fat post-SIT were associated with altered lipid profiles, NAD/NADP, and regulation of components of the sirtuin/NAD system (NAMPT, NMNAT1, CD38, and ABCA1). Variable improvements in measured metabolic health parameters were evident and attributed to different responses in males and females, together with marked inter-individual variation in responses of the sirtuin/NAD system to SIT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuart R Gray
- a Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8TA, UK
| | - Tom P Aird
- b The Rowett Institute, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, UK
| | | | - Graham W Horgan
- c Biomathematics and Statistics Scotland, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Emily Fisher
- a Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8TA, UK
| | - John Wilson
- a Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8TA, UK
| | - Gareth E Hopkins
- d Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Bradley Anderson
- d Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Syed A Ahmad
- d Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Stuart R Davis
- d Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Janice E Drew
- b The Rowett Institute, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, UK
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Development of a GeXP-multiplex PCR assay for the simultaneous detection and differentiation of six cattle viruses. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0171287. [PMID: 28166243 PMCID: PMC5293189 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0171287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV), Bluetongue virus (BTV), Vesicular stomatitis Virus (VSV), Bovine viral diarrheal (BVDV), Bovine rotavirus (BRV), and Bovine herpesvirus 1 (IBRV) are common cattle infectious viruses that cause a great economic loss every year in many parts of the world. A rapid and high-throughput GenomeLab Gene Expression Profiler (GeXP) analyzer-based multiplex PCR assay was developed for the simultaneous detection and differentiation of these six cattle viruses. Six pairs of chimeric primers consisting of both the gene-specific primer and a universal primer were designed and used for amplification. Then capillary electrophoresis was used to separate the fluorescent labeled PCR products according to the amplicons size. The specificity of GeXP-multiplex PCR assay was examined with samples of the single template and mixed template of six viruses. The sensitivity was evaluated using the GeXP-multiplex PCR assay on serial 10-fold dilutions of ssRNAs obtained via in vitro transcription. To further evaluate the reliability, 305 clinical samples were tested by the GeXP-multiplex PCR assay. The results showed that the corresponding virus specific fragments of genes were amplified. The detection limit of the GeXP-multiplex PCR assay was 100 copies/μL in a mixed sample of ssRNAs containing target genes of six different cattle viruses, whereas the detection limit for the Gexp-mono PCR assay for a single target gene was 10 copies/μL. In detection of viruses in 305 clinical samples, the results of GeXP were consistent with simplex real-time PCR. Analysis of positive samples by sequencing demonstrated that the GeXP-multiplex PCR assay had no false positive samples of nonspecific amplification. In conclusion, this GeXP-multiplex PCR assay is a high throughput, specific, sensitive, rapid and simple method for the detection and differentiation of six cattle viruses. It is an effective tool that can be applied for the rapid differential diagnosis of clinical samples and for epidemiological investigation.
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Zeng T, Xie Z, Xie L, Deng X, Xie Z, Luo S, Huang L, Huang J. Simultaneous detection of eight immunosuppressive chicken viruses using a GeXP analyser-based multiplex PCR assay. Virol J 2015; 12:226. [PMID: 26715327 PMCID: PMC4696179 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-015-0455-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2015] [Accepted: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immunosuppressive viruses are frequently found as co-infections in the chicken industry, potentially causing serious economic losses. Because traditional molecular biology methods have limited detection ability, a rapid, high-throughput method for the differential diagnosis of these viruses is needed. The objective of this study is to develop a GenomeLab Gene Expression Profiler Analyser-based multiplex PCR method (GeXP-multiplex PCR) for simultaneous detection of eight immunosuppressive chicken viruses. RESULTS Using chimeric primers, eight such viruses, including Marek's disease virus (MDV), three subgroups of avian leucosis virus (ALV-A/B/J), reticuloendotheliosis virus (REV), infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV), chicken infectious anaemia virus (CIAV) and avian reovirus (ARV), were amplified and identified by their respective amplicon sizes. The specificity and sensitivity of the optimised GeXP-multiplex PCR assay were evaluated, and the data demonstrated that this technique could selectively amplify these eight viruses at a sensitivity of 100 copies/20 μl when all eight viruses were present. Among 300 examined clinical specimens, 190 were found to be positive for immunosuppressive viruses according to this novel assay. CONCLUSION The GeXP-multiplex PCR assay is a high-throughput, sensitive and specific method for the detection of eight immunosuppressive viruses and can be used for differential diagnosis and molecular epidemiological surveys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Zeng
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccines and Diagnostics, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, 51 Youai North Road, Nanning, Guangxi, 530001, China
| | - Zhixun Xie
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccines and Diagnostics, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, 51 Youai North Road, Nanning, Guangxi, 530001, China.
| | - Liji Xie
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccines and Diagnostics, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, 51 Youai North Road, Nanning, Guangxi, 530001, China
| | - Xianwen Deng
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccines and Diagnostics, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, 51 Youai North Road, Nanning, Guangxi, 530001, China
| | - Zhiqin Xie
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccines and Diagnostics, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, 51 Youai North Road, Nanning, Guangxi, 530001, China
| | - Sisi Luo
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccines and Diagnostics, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, 51 Youai North Road, Nanning, Guangxi, 530001, China
| | - Li Huang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccines and Diagnostics, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, 51 Youai North Road, Nanning, Guangxi, 530001, China
| | - Jiaoling Huang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccines and Diagnostics, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, 51 Youai North Road, Nanning, Guangxi, 530001, China
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8
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Drew JE, Farquharson AJ, Vase H, Carey FA, Steele RJC, Ross RA, Bunton DC. Molecular Profiling of Multiplexed Gene Markers to Assess Viability of Ex Vivo Human Colon Explant Cultures. Biores Open Access 2015; 4:425-30. [PMID: 26634188 PMCID: PMC4652222 DOI: 10.1089/biores.2015.0029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Human colon tissue explant culture provides a physiologically relevant model system to study human gut biology. However, the small (20–30 mg) and complex tissue samples used present challenges for monitoring tissue stability, viability, and provision of sufficient tissue for analyses. Combining molecular profiling with explant culture has potential to overcome such limitations, permitting interrogation of complex gene regulation required to maintain gut mucosa in culture, monitor responses to culture environments and interventions. Human ex vivo colon explant gene expression profiles were assayed using an in-house custom-designed hCellMarkerPlex assay at culture time points 0, 1, 2, 4, and 14 h. Characteristic profiles of epithelial cell markers linked to differentiation, cellular polarization, and apoptosis were correlated with visible histochemical changes in explant epithelium during culture and tissue donors. The GenomeLab System provides effective assay of multiple targets not possible from small tissue samples with conventional gene expression technology platforms. This is advantageous to increase the utility of the ex vivo human colon model in applications to interrogate this complex and dynamic tissue environment for use in analytical testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janice E Drew
- Metabolic Health, Rowett Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Aberdeen , Aberdeen, Scotland
| | - Andrew J Farquharson
- Metabolic Health, Rowett Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Aberdeen , Aberdeen, Scotland
| | - Hollie Vase
- Metabolic Health, Rowett Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Aberdeen , Aberdeen, Scotland
| | - Frank A Carey
- Ninewells Hospital and Medical School , Dundee, Scotland
| | | | - Ruth A Ross
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto , Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Zhang YF, Xie ZX, Xie LJ, Deng XW, Xie ZQ, Luo SS, Huang L, Huang JL, Zeng TT. GeXP analyzer-based multiplex reverse-transcription PCR assay for the simultaneous detection and differentiation of eleven duck viruses. BMC Microbiol 2015; 15:247. [PMID: 26518004 PMCID: PMC4628294 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-015-0590-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Accepted: 10/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Duck viral pathogens primarily include the avian influenza virus (AIV) subtypes H5, H7, and H9; duck hepatitis virus (DHV); duck tembusu virus (DTMUV); egg drop syndrome virus (EDSV); duck enteritis virus (DEV); Newcastle disease virus (NDV); duck circovirus (DuCV); muscovy duck reovirus (MDRV); and muscovy duck parvovirus (MDPV). These pathogens cause great economic losses to China’s duck breeding industry. Result A rapid, specific, sensitive and high-throughput GeXP-based multiplex PCR assay consisting of chimeric primer-based PCR amplification with fluorescent labeling and capillary electrophoresis separation was developed and optimized to simultaneously detect these eleven viral pathogens. Single and mixed pathogen cDNA/DNA templates were used to evaluate the specificity of the GeXP-multiplex assay. Corresponding specific DNA products were amplified from each pathogen. Other pathogens, including duck Escherichia coli, duck Salmonella, duck Staphylococcus aureus, Pasteurella multocida, infectious bronchitis virus, and Mycoplasma gallisepticum, did not result in amplification products. The detection limit of GeXP was 103copies when all twelve pre-mixed plasmids containing the target genes of eleven types of duck viruses were present. To further evaluate the reliability of GeXP, 150 clinical field samples were evaluated. Comparison with the results of conventional PCR methods for the field samples, the GeXP-multiplex PCR method was more sensitive and accurate. Conclusion This GeXP-based multiplex PCR method can be utilized for the rapid differential diagnosis of clinical samples as an effective tool to prevent and control duck viruses with similar clinical symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Fang Zhang
- Department of Biotechnology, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccines and Diagnostics, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, 51 Youai North Road, Nanning, 530001, China.
| | - Zhi-Xun Xie
- Department of Biotechnology, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccines and Diagnostics, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, 51 Youai North Road, Nanning, 530001, China.
| | - Li-Ji Xie
- Department of Biotechnology, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccines and Diagnostics, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, 51 Youai North Road, Nanning, 530001, China.
| | - Xian-Wen Deng
- Department of Biotechnology, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccines and Diagnostics, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, 51 Youai North Road, Nanning, 530001, China.
| | - Zhi-Qin Xie
- Department of Biotechnology, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccines and Diagnostics, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, 51 Youai North Road, Nanning, 530001, China.
| | - Si-Si Luo
- Department of Biotechnology, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccines and Diagnostics, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, 51 Youai North Road, Nanning, 530001, China.
| | - Li Huang
- Department of Biotechnology, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccines and Diagnostics, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, 51 Youai North Road, Nanning, 530001, China.
| | - Jiao-Ling Huang
- Department of Biotechnology, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccines and Diagnostics, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, 51 Youai North Road, Nanning, 530001, China.
| | - Ting-Ting Zeng
- Department of Biotechnology, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccines and Diagnostics, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, 51 Youai North Road, Nanning, 530001, China.
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Wang Y, Ostlund EN, Jun Y, Nie FP, Li YG, Johnson DJ, Lin R, Li ZG. Combining reverse-transcription multiplex PCR and microfluidic electrophoresis to simultaneously detect seven mosquito-transmitted zoonotic encephalomyelitis viruses. Vet J 2015; 212:27-35. [PMID: 27256022 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2015.10.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2014] [Revised: 10/10/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Several mosquito-transmitted viruses are causative agents for zoonotic encephalomyelitis. Rapid identification of these viruses in mosquito populations is an effective method for surveying these diseases. To detect multiple mosquito-transmitted viral agents, including West Nile virus, Saint Louis encephalitis virus, Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis virus, Western equine encephalomyelitis virus, Eastern equine encephalomyelitis virus, Highlands J virus and Japanese encephalitis virus, an assay using multiplex reverse-transcription PCR combined with microfluidic electrophoresis was developed and evaluated. Tailed nested primers were used in the assay to amplify specific viral genomic segments, and products with specific length were further analyzed by using a microfluidic electrophoresis chip. The assay exhibited good specificity and analytical sensitivity (10(2) copies/µL). This technology can be helpful in the quarantine and surveillance of exotic encephalomyelitis viruses which are transmitted by mosquitoes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China; Technical Center of Chongqing Entry Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, Engineering Research Center for Import and Export Food Safety, Chongqing 400020, China
| | - Eileen N Ostlund
- Diagnostic Virology Laboratory, National Veterinary Services Laboratories, STAS/VS/APHIS/USDA, Ames, IA 50010, USA
| | - Yang Jun
- Technical Center of Chongqing Entry Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, Engineering Research Center for Import and Export Food Safety, Chongqing 400020, China
| | - Fu-Ping Nie
- Technical Center of Chongqing Entry Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, Engineering Research Center for Import and Export Food Safety, Chongqing 400020, China
| | - Ying-Guo Li
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China; Technical Center of Chongqing Entry Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, Engineering Research Center for Import and Export Food Safety, Chongqing 400020, China
| | - Donna J Johnson
- Diagnostic Virology Laboratory, National Veterinary Services Laboratories, STAS/VS/APHIS/USDA, Ames, IA 50010, USA
| | - Rui Lin
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Zheng-Guo Li
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China.
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11
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An advanced fragment analysis-based individualized subtype classification of pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Sci Rep 2015. [PMID: 26196328 PMCID: PMC4508914 DOI: 10.1038/srep12435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common neoplasm and one of the primary causes of death in children. Its treatment is highly dependent on the correct classification of subtype. Previously, we developed a microarray-based subtype classifier based on the relative expression levels of 62 marker genes, which can predict 7 different ALL subtypes with an accuracy as high as 97% in completely independent samples. Because the classifier is based on gene expression rank values rather than actual values, the classifier enables an individualized diagnosis, without the need to reference the background distribution of the marker genes in a large number of other samples, and also enables cross platform application. Here, we demonstrate that the classifier can be extended from a microarray-based technology to a multiplex qPCR-based technology using the same set of marker genes as the advanced fragment analysis (AFA). Compared to microarray assays, the new assay system makes the convenient, low cost and individualized subtype diagnosis of pediatric ALL a reality and is clinically applicable, particularly in developing countries.
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Lipoxin A4 inhibits proliferation and inflammatory cytokine/chemokine production of human epidermal keratinocytes associated with the ERK1/2 and NF-κB pathways. J Dermatol Sci 2015; 78:181-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2015.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2014] [Revised: 03/03/2015] [Accepted: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Drew JE, Farquharson AJ, Mayer CD, Vase HF, Coates PJ, Steele RJ, Carey FA. Predictive gene signatures: molecular markers distinguishing colon adenomatous polyp and carcinoma. PLoS One 2014; 9:e113071. [PMID: 25423035 PMCID: PMC4244109 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0113071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2014] [Accepted: 10/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancers exhibit abnormal molecular signatures associated with disease initiation and progression. Molecular signatures could improve cancer screening, detection, drug development and selection of appropriate drug therapies for individual patients. Typically only very small amounts of tissue are available from patients for analysis and biopsy samples exhibit broad heterogeneity that cannot be captured using a single marker. This report details application of an in-house custom designed GenomeLab System multiplex gene expression assay, the hCellMarkerPlex, to assess predictive gene signatures of normal, adenomatous polyp and carcinoma colon tissue using archived tissue bank material. The hCellMarkerPlex incorporates twenty-one gene markers: epithelial (EZR, KRT18, NOX1, SLC9A2), proliferation (PCNA, CCND1, MS4A12), differentiation (B4GANLT2, CDX1, CDX2), apoptotic (CASP3, NOX1, NTN1), fibroblast (FSP1, COL1A1), structural (ACTG2, CNN1, DES), gene transcription (HDAC1), stem cell (LGR5), endothelial (VWF) and mucin production (MUC2). Gene signatures distinguished normal, adenomatous polyp and carcinoma. Individual gene targets significantly contributing to molecular tissue types, classifier genes, were further characterised using real-time PCR, in-situ hybridisation and immunohistochemistry revealing aberrant epithelial expression of MS4A12, LGR5 CDX2, NOX1 and SLC9A2 prior to development of carcinoma. Identified gene signatures identify aberrant epithelial expression of genes prior to cancer development using in-house custom designed gene expression multiplex assays. This approach may be used to assist in objective classification of disease initiation, staging, progression and therapeutic responses using biopsy material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janice E. Drew
- Metabolic Health, Rowett Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB21 9SB, Scotland
- * E-mail:
| | - Andrew J. Farquharson
- Metabolic Health, Rowett Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB21 9SB, Scotland
| | - Claus Dieter Mayer
- Biomathematics and Statistics Scotland, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB21 9SB, Scotland
| | - Hollie F. Vase
- Metabolic Health, Rowett Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB21 9SB, Scotland
| | - Philip J. Coates
- Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, DD1 9SU, Scotland
| | - Robert J. Steele
- Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, DD1 9SU, Scotland
| | - Francis A. Carey
- Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, DD1 9SU, Scotland
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Drew JE, Farquharson AJ, Horgan GW, Duthie SJ, Duthie GG. Postprandial cell defense system responses to meal formulations: Stratification through gene expression profiling. Mol Nutr Food Res 2014; 58:2066-79. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201400331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2014] [Revised: 06/19/2014] [Accepted: 06/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Janice E. Drew
- Rowett Institute of Nutrition and Health; University of Aberdeen; Aberdeen Scotland UK
| | - Andrew J. Farquharson
- Rowett Institute of Nutrition and Health; University of Aberdeen; Aberdeen Scotland UK
| | | | - Susan J. Duthie
- School of Pharmacy and Life Sciences; Robert Gordon University; Aberdeen Scotland UK
| | - Garry G. Duthie
- Rowett Institute of Nutrition and Health; University of Aberdeen; Aberdeen Scotland UK
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Xie Z, Luo S, Xie L, Liu J, Pang Y, Deng X, Xie Z, Fan Q, Khan MI. Simultaneous typing of nine avian respiratory pathogens using a novel GeXP analyzer-based multiplex PCR assay. J Virol Methods 2014; 207:188-95. [PMID: 25025815 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2014.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2013] [Revised: 07/03/2014] [Accepted: 07/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
A new, rapid, and high-throughput GenomeLab Gene Expression Profiler (GeXP) analyzer-based multiplex PCR method was developed for simultaneous detection and differentiation of nine avian respiratory pathogens. The respiratory pathogens included in this study were avian influenza subtypes H5, H7, and H9, infectious bronchitis virus (IBV), Newcastle disease virus (NDV), infectious laryngotracheitis virus (ILTV), Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG), Mycoplasma synoviae (MS) and Haemophilus paragallinarum (HPG). Ten pairs of primers were designed using conserved and specific sequence genes of AIV subtypes and respiratory pathogens from GenBank. Single and mixed pathogen cDNA/DNA templates were used to evaluate the specificity of the GeXP-multiplex assay. The corresponding specific DNA products were amplified for each pathogen. The specific DNA product amplification peaks of nine respiratory pathogens were observed on the GeXP analyzer. Non-respiratory avian pathogens, including chicken infectious anemia virus, fowl adenovirus, avian reovirus and infectious bursal disease virus, did not produce DNA products. The detection limit for the GeXP-multiplex assay was determined to be 100 copies/μl using various pre-mixed plasmids/ssRNAs containing known target genes of the respiratory pathogens. Further, GeXP-multiplex PCR assay was 100% specific when 24 clinical samples with respiratory infections were tested in comparison with conventional PCR method. The GeXP-multiplex PCR assay provides a novel tool for simultaneous detection and differentiation of nine avian respiratory pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixun Xie
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccines and Diagnostics, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, 51 You Ai North Road, Nanning 530001, China.
| | - Sisi Luo
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccines and Diagnostics, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, 51 You Ai North Road, Nanning 530001, China
| | - Liji Xie
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccines and Diagnostics, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, 51 You Ai North Road, Nanning 530001, China
| | - Jiabo Liu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccines and Diagnostics, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, 51 You Ai North Road, Nanning 530001, China
| | - Yaoshan Pang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccines and Diagnostics, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, 51 You Ai North Road, Nanning 530001, China
| | - Xianwen Deng
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccines and Diagnostics, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, 51 You Ai North Road, Nanning 530001, China
| | - Zhiqin Xie
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccines and Diagnostics, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, 51 You Ai North Road, Nanning 530001, China
| | - Qing Fan
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccines and Diagnostics, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, 51 You Ai North Road, Nanning 530001, China
| | - Mazhar I Khan
- Department of Pathobiology and Veterinary Science, University of Connecticut, 61 North Eagleville Road, Storrs, CT 06269-3089, USA.
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Huth L, Jäkel J, Dahl E. Molecular Diagnostic Applications in Colorectal Cancer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 3:168-79. [PMID: 27600342 PMCID: PMC4996361 DOI: 10.3390/microarrays3030168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2014] [Revised: 06/04/2014] [Accepted: 06/16/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer, a clinically diverse disease, is a leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Application of novel molecular diagnostic tests, which are summarized in this article, may lead to an improved survival of colorectal cancer patients. Distinction of these applications is based on the different molecular principles found in colorectal cancer (CRC). Strategies for molecular analysis of single genes (as KRAS or TP53) as well as microarray based techniques are discussed. Moreover, in addition to the fecal occult blood testing (FOBT) and colonoscopy some novel assays offer approaches for early detection of colorectal cancer like the multitarget stool DNA test or the blood-based Septin 9 DNA methylation test. Liquid biopsy analysis may also exhibit great diagnostic potential in CRC for monitoring developing resistance to treatment. These new diagnostic tools and the definition of molecular biomarkers in CRC will improve early detection and targeted therapy of colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Huth
- Molecular Oncology Group, Institute of Pathology, Medical Faculty of the RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 30, D-52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Jörg Jäkel
- Molecular Oncology Group, Institute of Pathology, Medical Faculty of the RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 30, D-52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Edgar Dahl
- Molecular Oncology Group, Institute of Pathology, Medical Faculty of the RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 30, D-52074 Aachen, Germany.
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17
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Bönisch F, Frotscher J, Stanitzek S, Rühl E, Wüst M, Bitz O, Schwab W. A UDP-Glucose:Monoterpenol Glucosyltransferase Adds to the Chemical Diversity of the Grapevine Metabolome. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2014; 165:561-581. [PMID: 24784757 PMCID: PMC4044836 DOI: 10.1104/pp.113.232470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2013] [Accepted: 04/28/2014] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Terpenoids represent one of the major classes of natural products and serve different biological functions. In grape (Vitis vinifera), a large fraction of these compounds is present as nonvolatile terpene glycosides. We have extracted putative glycosyltransferase (GT) sequences from the grape genome database that show similarity to Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) GTs whose encoded proteins glucosylate a diversity of terpenes. Spatial and temporal expression levels of the potential VvGT genes were determined in five different grapevine varieties. Heterologous expression and biochemical assays of candidate genes led to the identification of a UDP-glucose:monoterpenol β-d-glucosyltransferase (VvGT7). The VvGT7 gene was expressed in various tissues in accordance with monoterpenyl glucoside accumulation in grape cultivars. Twelve allelic VvGT7 genes were isolated from five cultivars, and their encoded proteins were biochemically analyzed. They varied in substrate preference and catalytic activity. Three amino acids, which corresponded to none of the determinants previously identified for other plant GTs, were found to be important for enzymatic catalysis. Site-specific mutagenesis along with the analysis of allelic proteins also revealed amino acids that impact catalytic activity and substrate tolerance. These results demonstrate that VvGT7 may contribute to the production of geranyl and neryl glucoside during grape ripening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Friedericke Bönisch
- Biotechnology of Natural Products, Technische Universität München, 85354 Freising, Germany (F.B., W.S.);Geisenheim University, Department of Grape Breeding, 65366 Geisenheim, Germany (J.F., E.R., O.B.); andFood Chemistry Research Unit, Institute of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Bonn, D-53115 Bonn, Germany (S.S., M.W.)
| | - Johanna Frotscher
- Biotechnology of Natural Products, Technische Universität München, 85354 Freising, Germany (F.B., W.S.);Geisenheim University, Department of Grape Breeding, 65366 Geisenheim, Germany (J.F., E.R., O.B.); andFood Chemistry Research Unit, Institute of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Bonn, D-53115 Bonn, Germany (S.S., M.W.)
| | - Sarah Stanitzek
- Biotechnology of Natural Products, Technische Universität München, 85354 Freising, Germany (F.B., W.S.);Geisenheim University, Department of Grape Breeding, 65366 Geisenheim, Germany (J.F., E.R., O.B.); andFood Chemistry Research Unit, Institute of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Bonn, D-53115 Bonn, Germany (S.S., M.W.)
| | - Ernst Rühl
- Biotechnology of Natural Products, Technische Universität München, 85354 Freising, Germany (F.B., W.S.);Geisenheim University, Department of Grape Breeding, 65366 Geisenheim, Germany (J.F., E.R., O.B.); andFood Chemistry Research Unit, Institute of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Bonn, D-53115 Bonn, Germany (S.S., M.W.)
| | - Matthias Wüst
- Biotechnology of Natural Products, Technische Universität München, 85354 Freising, Germany (F.B., W.S.);Geisenheim University, Department of Grape Breeding, 65366 Geisenheim, Germany (J.F., E.R., O.B.); andFood Chemistry Research Unit, Institute of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Bonn, D-53115 Bonn, Germany (S.S., M.W.)
| | - Oliver Bitz
- Biotechnology of Natural Products, Technische Universität München, 85354 Freising, Germany (F.B., W.S.);Geisenheim University, Department of Grape Breeding, 65366 Geisenheim, Germany (J.F., E.R., O.B.); andFood Chemistry Research Unit, Institute of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Bonn, D-53115 Bonn, Germany (S.S., M.W.)
| | - Wilfried Schwab
- Biotechnology of Natural Products, Technische Universität München, 85354 Freising, Germany (F.B., W.S.);Geisenheim University, Department of Grape Breeding, 65366 Geisenheim, Germany (J.F., E.R., O.B.); andFood Chemistry Research Unit, Institute of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Bonn, D-53115 Bonn, Germany (S.S., M.W.)
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18
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Nutritional responses of cellular defence systems to different fats with or without phytochemical rich extracts: molecular markers of health status. Proc Nutr Soc 2014. [DOI: 10.1017/s0029665114000469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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19
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Shi M, Chen MS, Sekar K, Tan CK, Ooi LL, Hui KM. A blood-based three-gene signature for the non-invasive detection of early human hepatocellular carcinoma. Eur J Cancer 2013; 50:928-36. [PMID: 24332572 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2013.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2013] [Revised: 11/21/2013] [Accepted: 11/24/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Identifying early stages of disease in high-risk individuals for the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) would greatly improve the clinical outcomes of these individuals. The aim of this study was to develop a blood-based gene set that could identify early-stage HCC. METHODS Comprehensive gene expression profiling of purified RNA of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) was performed using microarrays. Gene signatures were developed through bioinformatics-driven approaches and their diagnostic value was evaluated by custom-designed, quantitative, multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays. RESULTS Bioinformatics-driven analysis of microarray data derived from PBMC RNA samples of patients with HCC (N=10), pancreatic cancer (N=3), gastric cancer (N=3) and 10 normal individuals identified six genes that were differentially expressed in HCC. Subsequent multiplex-PCR validation and univariate analyses performed with an independent cohort of 114 HCC patients, 48 normal individuals and 14 patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) validated that three genes, namely Chemokine (C-X-C motif) receptor 2 (CXCR2), C-C chemokine receptor type 2 (CCR2) and E1A-Binding Protein P400 (EP400), were able to identify HCC individually with accuracies of 82.4%, 78.4% and 65%, respectively. In combination, these three genes gave an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.96 (95% confidence interval (CI), 0.93-0.99) using multivariate logistic regression and yielded a sensitivity of 93% and a specificity of 89%. When these three genes were used in combination with alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) to predict HCC, the accuracy of predicting HCC improved slightly with an AUC of 0.99 (95% CI, 0.98-1.0), sensitivity of 93% and specificity of 95%. CONCLUSIONS CXCR2, CCR2 and EP400 can provide a promising non-invasive multiplex PCR diagnostic assay to monitor high-risk individuals for the development of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Shi
- Department of Hepatobiliary Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, PR China
| | - Min-Shan Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, PR China
| | - Karthik Sekar
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Research, Humphrey Oei Institute of Cancer Research, National Cancer Centre, Singapore 169610, Singapore
| | - Chee-Kiat Tan
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore 169608, Singapore
| | - London Lucien Ooi
- Division of Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Centre, Singapore 169610, Singapore
| | - Kam M Hui
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Research, Humphrey Oei Institute of Cancer Research, National Cancer Centre, Singapore 169610, Singapore; Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore; Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A(∗)STAR, Biopolis Drive Proteos, Singapore 138673, Singapore; Program in Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore.
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20
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Bay LK, Guérécheau A, Andreakis N, Ulstrup KE, Matz MV. Gene expression signatures of energetic acclimatisation in the reef building coral Acropora millepora. PLoS One 2013; 8:e61736. [PMID: 23671571 PMCID: PMC3650039 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0061736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2012] [Accepted: 03/13/2013] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding the mechanisms by which natural populations cope with environmental stress is paramount to predict their persistence in the face of escalating anthropogenic impacts. Reef-building corals are increasingly exposed to local and global stressors that alter nutritional status causing reduced fitness and mortality, however, these responses can vary considerably across species and populations. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS We compare the expression of 22 coral host genes in individuals from an inshore and an offshore reef location using quantitative Reverse Transcription-PCR (qRT-PCR) over the course of 26 days following translocation into a shaded, filtered seawater environment. Declines in lipid content and PSII activity of the algal endosymbionts (Symbiodinium ITS-1 type C2) over the course of the experiment indicated that heterotrophic uptake and photosynthesis were limited, creating nutritional deprivation conditions. Regulation of coral host genes involved in metabolism, CO2 transport and oxidative stress could be detected already after five days, whereas PSII activity took twice as long to respond. Opposing expression trajectories of Tgl, which releases fatty acids from the triacylglycerol storage, and Dgat1, which catalyses the formation of triglycerides, indicate that the decline in lipid content can be attributed, at least in part, by mobilisation of triacylglycerol stores. Corals from the inshore location had initially higher lipid content and showed consistently elevated expression levels of two genes involved in metabolism (aldehyde dehydrogenase) and calcification (carbonic anhydrase). CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE Coral host gene expression adjusts rapidly upon change in nutritional conditions, and therefore can serve as an early signature of imminent coral stress. Consistent gene expression differences between populations indicate that corals acclimatize and/or adapt to local environments. Our results set the stage for analysis of these processes in natural coral populations, to better understand the responses of coral communities to global climate change and to develop more efficient management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Line K Bay
- Climate Change and Ocean Acidification Team, Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, Queensland, Australia.
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21
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Zhang F, Jiang K, Sun M, Zhang D, Ma L. Multiplex immune-related genes expression analysis response to bacterial challenge in mud crab, Scylla paramamosain. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 34:712-716. [PMID: 23231853 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2012.11.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2012] [Revised: 11/21/2012] [Accepted: 11/21/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Crabs lack an acquired adaptive immune system and host defense is believed to depend entirely on innate, non-adaptive mechanisms to resist invasion by pathogens. Discovery of immune-related factors are helpful for understanding the molecular response of crabs to pathogens. The mud crab Scylla paramamosain is an important marine species for aquaculture in China because of its high nutritional value for humans. In recent years, the crab is prone to being infected by microbes with the enlargement of breeding scale. In this study, eight immune-related genes were analyzed by multiplex genes expression analysis using the GenomeLab GeXP analysis system (Beckman Coulter). The expression levels of all the detected genes rose after challenged by the live bacteria, but the levels of only four genes (C-type lectin, alpha 2-macroglobulin, HSP70 and thioredoxin 1) increased after challenge in heat-killed bacteria group. So the live bacteria were more effective in motivating expressions of immune factors than heat-killed bacteria. However, the transcript of C-type lectin firstly increased at 1 h after challenge in both heat-killed and live bacteria group. This indicated that C-type lectin was a quite susceptive immune factor responding to external pathogen. In group challenged by live bacteria, the genes of alpha 2-macroglobulin, HSP40, thioredoxin 1 and prophenoloxidase activating factor (PPAF) showed response earlier than the other genes. The rise of PPAF expression preceded prophenoloxidase (proPO), which suggested that PPAF might trigger production of proPO transcripts in the early stage of phenoloxidase reaction system. C-type lectin, proPO, thioredoxin 1, HSP40, and alpha 2-macroglobulin are very important immunity factors in response to bacterial infection. According to the result of heat-killed group, HSP70 is a sensitively inductive factor to foreign stimulus compared with the other genes. The multi-gene analysis presented an alternative approach for screening of immune-related genes, and provided a more global overview of genes transcript alteration in response to bacterial challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengying Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine and Estuarine Fisheries Resources and Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture, East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shanghai, China
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Laforêt MP, Turlure P, Lippert E, Cornillet-Lefebvre P, Pigneux A, Pradeau R, Feuillard J, Gachard N. Design and feasibility of a novel, rapid, and simple fluorescence 26-plex rt-PCR assay for simultaneous detection of 24 fusion transcripts in adult acute myeloid leukemia. J Mol Diagn 2013; 15:186-95. [PMID: 23318495 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmoldx.2012.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2012] [Revised: 10/04/2012] [Accepted: 11/05/2012] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Identification of chromosomal abnormalities is mandatory for classification of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), and the abnormalities have to be determined quickly, to allow patient enrollment in multicenter protocols and/or for selecting therapeutic strategies. Rapid AML molecular diagnosis is often difficult to achieve, however, because it is based on numerous different RT-PCR protocols. We developed a new RT-PCR method, one that does not require a nested step, to simultaneously detect all AML fusion transcripts from six major recurrent translocations found in adults: t(15;17)(q22;q12), inv(16)(p13.1q22) [t(16;16)(p13.1;q22)], t(8;21)(q22;q22), t(6;9)(p23;q34), t(9;22)(q34;q11), and t(10;11)(p13;q14). Specific primers for RT-PCR detection of the 24 fusion transcripts, along with two transcripts for controls, were designed for this 26-plex RT-PCR. Each PCR product had a different size and was separated by capillary electrophoresis. We also designed a multiplex positive control with 24 chimeric RNAs, corresponding to all chimeric RNAs tested. Compared with classical molecular biology protocols and cytogenetic analyses used as reference standards, results of the 26-plex RT-PCR method were concordant in all 204 (100%) cases of adult AML tested. Results were obtained in less than 24 hours. Because of the multiplex positive control, interpretation of the peaks was very easy, without any ambiguity. The tumor cell detection threshold was 1.5%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Pierre Laforêt
- Laboratory of Hematology and UMR CNR 7276, CHU Dupuytren and Faculty of Medicine, University of Limoges, Limoges, France
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Blin J, Ahmad Z, Rampal LRSG, Mohtarrudin N, Tajudin AKH, Adnan RS. Preliminary assessment of differential expression of candidate genes associated with atherosclerosis. Genes Genet Syst 2013; 88:199-209. [DOI: 10.1266/ggs.88.199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Joan Blin
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM)
| | - Zalinah Ahmad
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM)
| | | | - Norhafizah Mohtarrudin
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM)
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Drew JE. Cellular defense system gene expression profiling of human whole blood: opportunities to predict health benefits in response to diet. Adv Nutr 2012; 3:499-505. [PMID: 22797985 PMCID: PMC3649718 DOI: 10.3945/an.112.002121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Diet is a critical factor in the maintenance of human cellular defense systems, immunity, inflammation, redox regulation, metabolism, and DNA repair that ensure optimal health and reduce disease risk. Assessment of dietary modulation of cellular defense systems in humans has been limited due to difficulties in accessing target tissues. Notably, peripheral blood gene expression profiles associated with nonhematologic disease are detectable. Coupled with recent innovations in gene expression technologies, gene expression profiling of human blood to determine predictive markers associated with health status and dietary modulation is now a feasible prospect for nutrition scientists. This review focuses on cellular defense system gene expression profiling of human whole blood and the opportunities this presents, using recent technological advances, to predict health status and benefits conferred by diet.
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Padidar S, Farquharson AJ, Williams LM, Kearney R, Arthur JR, Drew JE. High-fat diet alters gene expression in the liver and colon: links to increased development of aberrant crypt foci. Dig Dis Sci 2012; 57:1866-74. [PMID: 22373862 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-012-2092-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2011] [Accepted: 02/07/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is associated with an increased risk of colon cancer. High-fat diets that lead to obesity may be a contributing factor, but the mechanisms are unknown. AIMS This study examines susceptibility to azoxymethane (AOM)-induced precancerous lesions in mice in response to consumption of either a low or a high-fat diet and associated molecular changes in the liver and colon. METHODS Gene markers of xenobiotic metabolism, leptin-regulated inflammatory cytokines and proliferation were assessed in liver and colon in response to high-fat feeding to determine links with increased sensitivity to AOM. RESULTS High-fat feeding increased development of AOM-induced precancerous lesions and was associated with increased CYP2E1 gene expression in the liver, but not the colon. Leptin receptors and the colon stem cell marker (Lgr5) were down-regulated in the proximal colon, with a corresponding up-regulation of the inflammatory cytokine (IL6) in response to high-fat feeding. Notably in the distal colon, where aberrant crypt foci develop in response to AOM, the proliferative stem cell marker, Lgr5, was significantly up-regulated with high-fat feeding. CONCLUSIONS The current study provides evidence that high-fat diets can alter regulation of molecular markers of xenobiotic metabolism that may expose the colon to carcinogens, in parallel with activation of β-catenin-regulated targets regulating colon epithelial cells. High-fat diets associated with obesity may alter multiple molecular factors that act synergistically to increase the risk of colon cancer associated with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Padidar
- Rowett Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland, UK
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26
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Novel multiplex technology platform to assess gene expression signatures in blood: predicting health benefits in response to diet. Proc Nutr Soc 2012. [DOI: 10.1017/s0029665112000407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Farquharson AJ, Steele RJ, Carey FA, Drew JE. Novel multiplex method to assess insulin, leptin and adiponectin regulation of inflammatory cytokines associated with colon cancer. Mol Biol Rep 2011; 39:5727-36. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-011-1382-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2011] [Accepted: 12/13/2011] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Molecular mechanisms linking adipokines to obesity-related colon cancer: focus on leptin. Proc Nutr Soc 2011; 71:175-80. [PMID: 22014041 DOI: 10.1017/s0029665111003259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is linked to increased risk of colon cancer, currently the third most common cancer. Consequently rising levels of obesity worldwide are likely to significantly impact on obesity-related colon cancers in the decades to come. Understanding the molecular mechanisms whereby obesity increases colon cancer risk is thus a focus for research to inform strategies to prevent the increasing trend in obesity-related cancers. This review will consider research on deregulation of adipokine signalling, a consequence of altered adipokine hormone secretion from excess adipose tissue, with a focus on leptin, which has been studied extensively as a potential mediator of obesity-related colon cancer. Numerous investigations using colon cell lines in vitro, in vivo studies in rodents and investigations of colon cancer patients illuminate the complexity of the interactions of leptin with colon tissues via leptin receptors expressed by the colon epithelium. Although evidence indicates a role for leptin in proliferation of colon epithelial cells in vitro, this has been contradicted by studies in rodent models. However, recent studies have indicated that leptin may influence inflammatory mediators linked with colon cancer and also promote cell growth dependent on genotype and is implicated in growth promotion of colon cancer cells. Studies in human cancer patients indicate that there may be different tumour sub-types with varying levels of leptin receptor expression, indicating the potential for leptin to induce variable responses in the different tumour types. These studies have provided insights into the complex interplay of adipokines with responsive tissues prone to obesity-related colon cancer. Deregulation of adipokine signalling via adipokine receptors located in the colon appears to be a significant factor in obesity-related colon cancer. Molecular profiling of colon tumours will be a useful tool in future strategies to characterise the influence that adipokines may have on tumour development and subsequent therapeutic intervention. Study of the molecular mechanisms linking obesity with cancer also supports recommendations to maintain a normal body weight to reduce the risk of colon cancer.
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Drew J. Janice Drew’s work on diet and cancer. World J Gastrointest Pathophysiol 2011; 2:61-4. [PMID: 21860839 PMCID: PMC3158879 DOI: 10.4291/wjgp.v2.i4.61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2011] [Revised: 08/06/2011] [Accepted: 08/13/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity and associated reduced consumption of plant derived foods are linked to increased risk of colon cancer as well as a number of other organ specific cancers. Inflammatory processes are a contributing factor but the precise mechanisms remain elusive. Obesity and cancer incidence are increasing worldwide, presenting bleak prospects for reducing, or preventing, obesity related cancers. The incidence of these preventable cancers can be achieved with greater understanding of the molecular mechanisms linking diet and carcinogenesis. Janice Drew has developed a research program over recent years to investigate molecular mechanisms related to consumption of anti-inflammatory metabolites generated from consumption of plant based diets, the impact of high fat diets and associated altered metabolism and obesity on regulation of colon inflammatory responses and processes regulating the colon epithelium. Comprehensive strategies have been developed incorporating transcriptomics, including the novel gene expression technology, the GenomeLab System and proteomics, together with biochemical analyses of plasma and tissue samples to assess correlated changes in oxidative stress, inflammation and pathology. The approaches developed have achieved success in establishing antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity of dietary antioxidants and associated genes and pathways that interact to modulate redox status in the colon. Cellular processes and genes altered in response to obesity and high fat diets have provided evidence of molecular mechanisms that are implicated in obesity related cancer.
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