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Zargar AS, Borole K, Rai R. Correlation of polymorphism in Toll-Like Receptor (TLR1 and TLR2) genes with susceptibility of pulmonary tuberculosis in Doda region of India. Indian J Tuberc 2024; 71:41-47. [PMID: 38296390 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijtb.2023.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pulmonary tuberculosis has emerged as one of the leading causes of deaths across the globe. The prevalence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis has also shown an increasing trend over the time which may be attributed to the increase in multidrug resistant strains and HIV epidemics. There are several factors like change in the gene structure and cellular activities of the host and the bacterium which may have changed the host response towards tuberculosis. Additionally, the recent reports have suggested that Toll-Like Receptors (TLRs) play an important role in the activation of immune responses against various pathogens. Therefore, this study has been designed to investigate the possible correlation of TLR gene polymorphism and prevalence of pulmonary tuberculosis. METHOD This study investigates 300 samples collected from patients with pulmonary tuberculosis (150) and healthy controls (150) from the Doda region of Jammu, India. For analysis purpose, DNA from the collected samples were isolated and subjected to sequence specific PCR amplification of TLR-1 and TLR-2 genes. The amplicons of TLR-1 and TLR-2 were further digested with restriction enzymes PvuII and Xbal, respectively, and visualized on agarose gel, subsequently. RESULT The results suggest that frequency of TLR2 gene polymorphism (73.9%) is high in the patients below the age of 50 years, whereas, frequency of TLR-1 gene polymorphism is high (71%) in the patients above 50 years of age (p = 0.005). Further, the restriction digestion analysis of TLR1 genes has shown that nearly 78% of the confirmed normal cases exhibit homozygous normal conditions followed by 12% cases with heterozygous conditions and 10% cases of homozygous mutants. Similarly for TLR2 genes, nearly 78.6% of the confirmed normal cases have shown homozygous normal conditions followed heterozygous conditions (12.6%) and homozygous mutants (8.6%). CONCLUSION This study establishes a preliminary correlation between TLR polymorphism and tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azhar Saleem Zargar
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, 144411, India; Department of Biochemistry, Government Medical College, Doda, 182205, India
| | - Kumudini Borole
- Department of Biochemistry, Government Medical College, Doda, 182205, India
| | - Rohit Rai
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, 144411, India.
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Maccio U, Gianolio A, Rets AV. Granulomas in bone marrow biopsies: clinicopathological significance and new perspectives. J Clin Pathol 2023; 77:8-15. [PMID: 37640519 DOI: 10.1136/jcp-2023-209104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Bone marrow granulomas in trephine biopsies are a rare and usually incidental finding. Possible causes include infectious (especially tuberculous and rarer non-tuberculous mycobacteria, but also many other bacterial, viral, fungal and parasitic agents) and non-infectious causes (especially medications, autoimmune disease, sarcoidosis, haematological and non-haematological malignancy). Necrotising granulomas are generally suggestive of an infectious aetiology (tuberculosis being the most common), whereas fibrin ring granulomas are associated with Q-fever and Epstein Barr Virus, although exceptions are possible. Every case suspicious for infectious aetiology should undergo further analysis like special staining (Ziehl-Neelsen for acid-fast rods) or molecular studies. The histomorphology should always be clinically correlated. In cases in which no infectious cause can be identified, untargeted metagenomics may represent a valid diagnostic tool that may become standard in the near future for bone marrow diagnostics. In this review, we have analysed the published data from 1956 up to today, and we report aspects of epidemiology, aetiology, diagnostic algorithms, differential diagnosis and the role of metagenomics in bone marrow biopsies with granulomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umberto Maccio
- Pathology and Molecular Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Alessandra Gianolio
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Torino, Piemonte, Italy
| | - Anton V Rets
- Department of Hematopathology, ARUP Laboratories Inc, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- Pathology, The University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
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Bhanushali J, Jadhav U, Ghewade B, Wagh P. Unveiling the Clinical Diversity in Nontuberculous Mycobacteria (NTM) Infections: A Comprehensive Review. Cureus 2023; 15:e48270. [PMID: 38054150 PMCID: PMC10695653 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.48270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Once considered rare, nontuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) infections have garnered increasing attention in recent years. This comprehensive review provides insights into the epidemiology, clinical diversity, diagnostic methods, treatment strategies, prevention, and emerging research trends in NTM infections. Key findings reveal the global prevalence of NTM infections, their diverse clinical presentations affecting respiratory and extra-pulmonary systems, and the diagnostic challenges addressed by advances in microbiological, radiological, and immunological methods. Treatment complexities, especially drug resistance and patient adherence, are discussed, along with the vulnerability of special populations. The importance of early detection and management is underscored. Prospects in NTM research, including genomics, diagnostics, drug development, and multidisciplinary approaches, promise to enhance our understanding and treatment of these infections. This review encapsulates the multifaceted nature of NTM infections, offering a valuable resource for clinicians, researchers, and public health professionals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay Bhanushali
- Respiratory Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Ulhas Jadhav
- Respiratory Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Babaji Ghewade
- Respiratory Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Pankaj Wagh
- Respiratory Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
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Beshar I, Moon AS, Pendse R, Nevins AB, Litkouhi B. Reactivated disseminated tuberculosis in pregnancy: Case report and review of the literature. Case Rep Womens Health 2022; 37:e00475. [PMID: 36582263 PMCID: PMC9792344 DOI: 10.1016/j.crwh.2022.e00475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
This case report describes the evaluation and management of a 32-year-old woman who presented shortly after a fetal demise at 23 weeks of gestation with multiple symptoms, including bloody vaginal discharge. Although the initial diagnostic concern was for metastatic malignancy, the patient was ultimately determined to have disseminated tuberculosis. Genital tuberculosis is common worldwide, yet guidelines for evaluation are limited. This report highlights the relationship between pregnancy-reactivated tuberculosis, and guides clinicians on diagnostic and management considerations in the peripartum period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Beshar
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Corresponding author at: 453 Quarry Road, Center for Academic Medicine, Stanford, Palo Alto 94304, USA.
| | - Ashley S. Moon
- Divison of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Ruchita Pendse
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Andrew B. Nevins
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Babak Litkouhi
- Divison of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
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5
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Nienhold R, Mensah N, Frank A, Graber A, Koike J, Schwab N, Hernach C, Zsikla V, Willi N, Cathomas G, Hamelin B, Graf S, Junt T, Mertz KD. Unbiased screen for pathogens in human paraffin-embedded tissue samples by whole genome sequencing and metagenomics. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:968135. [PMID: 36204644 PMCID: PMC9530700 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.968135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Identification of bacterial pathogens in formalin fixed, paraffin embedded (FFPE) tissue samples is limited to targeted and resource-intensive methods such as sequential PCR analyses. To enable unbiased screening for pathogens in FFPE tissue samples, we established a whole genome sequencing (WGS) method that combines shotgun sequencing and metagenomics for taxonomic identification of bacterial pathogens after subtraction of human genomic reads. To validate the assay, we analyzed more than 100 samples of known composition as well as FFPE lung autopsy tissues with and without histological signs of infections. Metagenomics analysis confirmed the pathogenic species that were previously identified by species-specific PCR in 62% of samples, showing that metagenomics is less sensitive than species-specific PCR. On the other hand, metagenomics analysis identified pathogens in samples, which had been tested negative for multiple common microorganisms and showed histological signs of infection. This highlights the ability of this assay to screen for unknown pathogens and detect multi-microbial infections which is not possible by histomorphology and species-specific PCR alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronny Nienhold
- Institute of Pathology, Cantonal Hospital Baselland, Liestal, Switzerland
| | - Nadine Mensah
- Institute of Pathology, Cantonal Hospital Baselland, Liestal, Switzerland
| | - Angela Frank
- Institute of Pathology, Cantonal Hospital Baselland, Liestal, Switzerland
| | - Anne Graber
- Institute of Pathology, Cantonal Hospital Baselland, Liestal, Switzerland
| | - Jacqueline Koike
- Institute of Pathology, Cantonal Hospital Baselland, Liestal, Switzerland
| | - Nathalie Schwab
- Institute of Pathology, Cantonal Hospital Baselland, Liestal, Switzerland
| | - Claudia Hernach
- Institute of Pathology, Cantonal Hospital Baselland, Liestal, Switzerland
| | - Veronika Zsikla
- Institute of Pathology, Cantonal Hospital Baselland, Liestal, Switzerland
| | - Niels Willi
- Institute of Pathology, Cantonal Hospital Baselland, Liestal, Switzerland
| | - Gieri Cathomas
- Institute of Pathology, Cantonal Hospital Baselland, Liestal, Switzerland
| | - Baptiste Hamelin
- Institute of Pathology, Cantonal Hospital Baselland, Liestal, Switzerland
| | - Susanne Graf
- Central Laboratory, Cantonal Hospital Baselland, Liestal, Switzerland
| | - Tobias Junt
- Autoimmunity, Transplantation and Inflammation, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research (NIBR), Basel, Switzerland
| | - Kirsten D Mertz
- Institute of Pathology, Cantonal Hospital Baselland, Liestal, Switzerland
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Chatterjee D, Saikia UN, Ramesh V. Diagnostic Dilemma of Cutaneous Tuberculosis: Opening of the Pandora's Box. Am J Dermatopathol 2021; 43:871-880. [PMID: 34086639 DOI: 10.1097/dad.0000000000001980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Tuberculosis in all forms, that is, pulmonary (PTB) or extrapulmonary (EPTB), is a universal health problem. Cutaneous tuberculosis (CTb) remains one of the least studied and often under-reported variants of EPTB because of its wide and protean clinical presentation. The diagnosis of CTb remains challenging because of lack of sensitive and specific investigations for its diagnosis. The sensitivity of some of the traditional tests is low because of low concentration of mycobacteria in paucibacillary lesions. Besides it is difficult to distinguish between M. tuberculosis (MTb) and other mycobacterial species in skin biopsies morphologically. Molecular methods may target either MTb DNA or RNA, and serve as promising tools in the diagnosis of various forms of CTb, with high sensitivity and rapidity. This review is focused on diagnostic challenges of CTb and to discuss various methods and newer technologies for diagnosing CTb. This will help the dermatologists and dermatopathologists to elucidate and accurately diagnose CTb from other infectious granulomatous dermatitis for appropriate timely treatment of the patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debajyoti Chatterjee
- Departments of Histopathology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India; and
| | - Uma Nahar Saikia
- Departments of Histopathology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India; and
| | - V Ramesh
- Department of Dermatology, Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi, India
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7
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Antonello M, Scutari R, Lauricella C, Renica S, Motta V, Torri S, Russo C, Gentile L, Cento V, Colagrossi L, Mattana G, Codecasa LR, Vismara C, Scaglione F, Veronese SM, Bonoldi E, Bandera A, Gori A, Mazzola E, Perno CF, Alteri C. Rapid Detection and Quantification of Mycobacterium tuberculosis DNA in Paraffinized Samples by Droplet Digital PCR: A Preliminary Study. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:727774. [PMID: 34589075 PMCID: PMC8475183 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.727774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Rapid and reliable diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB) represents a diagnostic challenge in compartmentalized extrapulmonary TB infection because of the small number of mycobacteria (MTB) and the frequent lack of fresh samples to perform culture. Here, we estimate the performances of homemade droplet digital PCR (ddPCR)-based assays against culture in 89 biopsies, for those fresh and formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded (FFPE) subsamples were available. Methods: MTB diagnosis in fresh subsamples was performed by culture. Fresh subsamples were also analyzed for acid-fast bacilli smear-microscopy (AFB) and Xpert® MTB/RIF (Xpert). MTB examination was repeated in blind in the 89 FFPE subsamples by in-house ddPCR assays targeting the IS6110 and rpoB. Analytical sensitivity of ddPCR assays was evaluated using serial dilution of H37Rv strain. Limit of detection (LOD) was calculated by probit analysis. Results were expressed in copies/106 cells. Results: IS6110 and rpoB ddPCR assays showed a good linear correlation between expected and observed values (R2: 0.9907 and 0.9743, respectively). Probit analyses predicted a LOD of 17 and 40 copies/106 cells of MTB DNA for IS6110 and rpoB, respectively. Of the 89 biopsies, 68 were culture positive and 21 were culture negative. Considering mycobacterial culture as reference method, IS6110 assay yielded positive results in 67/68 culture-positive samples with a median interquartile range (IQR) of 1,680 (550–8,444) copies/106 cells (sensitivity: 98.5%; accuracy: 98.9). These performances were superior to those reported by the rpoB assay in FFPE subsamples (sensitivity: 66.20%; accuracy: 74.1) and even superior to those reported by Xpert and AFB in fresh subsamples (sensitivity: 79.4 and 33.8%, respectively; accuracy: 84.3 and 49.4, respectively). When Xpert and AFB results were stratified according to mycobacterial load detected by rpoB and IS6110 ddPCR, bacterial load was lower in Xpert and AFB negative with respect to Xpert and AFB-positive samples (p = 0.003 and 0.01 for rpoB and p = 0.01 and 0.11 for IS6110), confirming the poor sensitivity of these methods in paucibacillary disease. Conclusion: ddPCR provides highly sensitive, accurate, and rapid MTB diagnosis in FFPE samples, as defined by the high concordance between IS6110 assay and culture results. This approach can be safely introduced in clinical routine to accelerate MTB diagnosis mainly when culture results remain unavailable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Antonello
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Rossana Scutari
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata,"Rome, Italy
| | - Calogero Lauricella
- Department of Pathology, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Renica
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Valentina Motta
- Department of Pathology, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefania Torri
- Unit of Microbiology, Department of Chemical-Clinical and Microbiology Analyses, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy
| | - Cristina Russo
- Unit of Microbiology and Diagnostic Immunology, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Leonarda Gentile
- Unit of Microbiology and Diagnostic Immunology, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Valeria Cento
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Luna Colagrossi
- Unit of Microbiology and Diagnostic Immunology, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Giordana Mattana
- Unit of Microbiology and Diagnostic Immunology, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Luigi Ruffo Codecasa
- Regional TB Reference Centre, Villa Marelli Institute, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Vismara
- Unit of Microbiology, Department of Chemical-Clinical and Microbiology Analyses, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Scaglione
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,Unit of Microbiology, Department of Chemical-Clinical and Microbiology Analyses, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Emanuela Bonoldi
- Department of Pathology, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandra Bandera
- Infectious Disease Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.,Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Gori
- Infectious Disease Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.,Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Ester Mazzola
- Unit of Microbiology, Department of Chemical-Clinical and Microbiology Analyses, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy
| | - Carlo Federico Perno
- Unit of Microbiology and Diagnostic Immunology, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy.,Multimodal Medicine Research Area, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudia Alteri
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,Multimodal Medicine Research Area, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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Performances of single tube nested polymerase chain reaction and GeneXpert ultra on Formalin fixed paraffin embedded tissues in the diagnosis of tuberculous spondylodiscitis. Clin Rheumatol 2021; 40:4317-4323. [PMID: 34097177 DOI: 10.1007/s10067-021-05782-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Tuberculous Spondylodiscitis is the most common form of musculoskeletal tuberculosis. Molecular techniques on fresh tissues are proved to improve the diagnosis of tuberculous spondylodiscitis and to allow a rapid diagnosis to initiate the treatment and prevent neurological complications. OBJECTIVES The objective of the present study was to assess the diagnostic performances of single tube nested PCR and GeneXpert ultra in the diagnosis of tuberculous spondylodiscitis on formalin fixed paraffin embedded tissues. METHODS This study included 63 tuberculous spondylodiscitis cases collected from June 2014 to January 2020 and corresponding to 27 definite tuberculous spondylodiscitis with positive microbiology, and 36 probable tuberculous spondylodiscitis, with histopathological, clinical and radiological findings consistent with tuberculous spondylodiscitis but with negative microbiology. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of nested PCR and GeneXpert ultra were determined with reference to microbiology. RESULTS Nested PCR was positive in 47 (75%) cases: 26/27 definite tuberculous spondylodiscitis and 21/36 probable tuberculous spondylodiscitis. GeneXpert ultra was positive in only 6 (10%) cases corresponding to definite tuberculous spondylodiscitis. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of nested PCR on formalin fixed paraffin embedded tissues were 96%, 100%, 100%, 83% respectively. For GeneXpert ultra, these rates were 22%, 100%, 100% and 25% respectively. CONCLUSION Nested PCR and GeneXpert ultra on formalin fixed paraffin embedded tissues are useful tools for the diagnosis of tuberculous spondylodiscitis, especially for cases where microbiological investigations were not carried out. Both techniques have excellent specificity but single tube nested PCR is more sensitive. Key Points • Molecular techniques are routinely performed on fresh tissues • GeneXpert and nested PCR on formalin fixed paraffin embedded tissues are reliable for the diagnosis of tuberculous spondylodiscitis • Nested PCR is more sensitive than Genexpert for diagnosing tuberculous spondylodiscitis.
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Abstract
CONTEXT.— Because granulomas are represented in almost every disease category, the number of clinically and pathologically important granulomatous pulmonary diseases is large. Their diagnosis by pathologists is particularly challenging because of their nonspecificity. A specific diagnosis can be achieved only when a granuloma-inciting agent(s) (eg, acid-fast bacilli, fungi, foreign bodies, etc) are identified microscopically or by culture; this does not occur in most cases. Furthermore, a specific diagnosis cannot be reached in a high percentage of cases. Although sarcoidosis and infectious diseases account for approximately half of pulmonary granulomatous diseases worldwide, there is significant geographic variation in their prevalence. OBJECTIVES.— To present updated information to serve as a guide to pathologic diagnosis of pulmonary granulomatous diseases, to address some commonly held misconceptions and to stress the importance of multidisciplinary coordination. Presentation of basic aspects of granulomas is followed by discussion of specific disease entities, such as tuberculous and nontuberculous Mycobacterial infections, fungal, bacterial, and parasitic infections, sarcoidosis, necrotizing sarcoid granulomatosis, berylliosis, hypersensitivity pneumonitis, hot tub lung, rheumatoid nodule, bronchocentric granulomatosis, aspirated, inhaled, and embolized foreign bodies, drug-induced granulomas, chronic granulomatous disease, common variable immunodeficiency, and granulomatous lesions associated with various types of cancer. DATA SOURCES.— Review of pertinent medical literature using the PubMed search engine and the author's practical experience. CONCLUSIONS.— Although the diagnosis of granulomatous lung diseases continues to present significant challenges to pathologists, the information presented in this review can be helpful in overcoming them. The importance of multidisciplinary coordination in cases where morphologic diagnosis is not possible cannot be overstated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yale Rosen
- From the Department of Pathology, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, New York
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10
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Wiriyachai T, Boonsathorn S, Apiwattanakul N, Assawawiroonhakarn S. A rare case of primary sinonasal tuberculosis presented with phlyctenular keratoconjunctivitis in a pediatric patient: A case report and literature review. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e24787. [PMID: 33607832 PMCID: PMC7899871 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000024787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Tuberculosis is a common cause of phlyctenular keratoconjunctivitis, especially for patients who live in a high endemic area of tuberculosis. We report a rare case of pediatric phlyctenular keratoconjunctivitis associated with primary sinonasal tuberculosis. PATIENT CONCERNS A 7-year-old boy presented with a 5-month history of redness of the left eye accompanied by mild visual impairment. Physical examination revealed elevated pinkish-white nodules with a circumcorneal hypervascularized lesion on the left conjunctiva. DIAGNOSIS Computed tomography revealed an enhancing soft tissue mass in the left maxillary sinus with bone destruction. Histopathology of maxillary tissue showed chronic inflammation without granuloma. Special stain, culture and polymerase chain reaction for mycobacterium were initially negative. Left maxillary sinus tuberculosis was diagnosed by positive Mycobacterium tuberculosis polymerase chain reaction from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded maxillary tissue. INTERVENTIONS Two month of oral isoniazid, rifampicin, pyrazinamide, and ethambutol, followed by 10 months of oral isoniazid and rifampicin without topical eye drops agent were prescribed. OUTCOMES Two months after initiation of treatment, the phlyctenular lesion had significantly improved. A follow-up computed tomography showed a significant reduction in the size of the maxillary sinus lesion and the extent of adjacent bone destruction. LESSONS Primary sinonasal tuberculosis is an uncommon cause of phlyctenular keratoconjunctivitis in children. When microbiological and histopathological evidences are absent, polymerase chain reaction analysis has a crucial role in the diagnosis of tuberculosis, especially in patient with uncommon presentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thakoon Wiriyachai
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok
| | - Sophida Boonsathorn
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok
| | - Nopporn Apiwattanakul
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok
| | - Surapat Assawawiroonhakarn
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok
- Chakri Naruebodindra Medical Institute, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Samut Prakan, Thailand
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11
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[Histopathology of pulmonary tuberculosis]. DER PATHOLOGE 2021; 42:71-77. [PMID: 33475810 DOI: 10.1007/s00292-021-00910-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Although typical histological findings of tuberculosis are well known, the diagnosis of nonmicrobiologically proven tuberculosis with the instruments available to pathology is challenging. Indeed, necrotizing epithelioid cell granulomatosis is typical for tuberculosis, but it is also seen in a number of different infectious or noninfectious lung diseases. The tools of microscopy and molecular pathology are suitable for confirming the diagnosis or paving the way to a differential diagnosis, but molecular pathology applied to formalin-fixated and paraffin-embedded material is limited. This should be openly communicated to the referring clinician. After interdisciplinary re-evaluation of the findings, an alternative solution to confirm the diagnosis must therefore be found if the additional examinations are negative.
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12
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Wei Z, Zhang X, Wei C, Yao L, Li Y, Zhang X, Xu H, Jia Y, Guo R, Wu Y, Yang K, Gao X. Diagnostic accuracy of in-house real-time PCR assay for Mycobacterium tuberculosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Infect Dis 2019; 19:701. [PMID: 31395014 PMCID: PMC6686366 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-019-4273-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In recent years, studies on the diagnostic accuracy of in-house real-time PCR (hRT-PCR) assay for the detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) have been reported with unignorable discrepancies. To assess the overall accuracy of the hRT-PCR assay for Mtb diagnosis in different samples for individuals with active pulmonary and extra-pulmonary Mtb infection, a systematic review and meta-analysis were performed. METHODS The PUBMED, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Cochrane databases were searched up to June 2017 for eligible studies that estimated diagnostic sensitivity and specificity with the hRT-PCR assay in respiratory and non-respiratory samples in pulmonary and extra-pulmonary Mtb infection patients, with Mtb culture as the reference standard. Bivariate random effect models were used to provide pooled estimation of diagnostic accuracy. Further, subgroup and meta-regression analyses were performed to explore sources of heterogeneity. The risk of bias was assessed by the QUADAS-2 tool. RESULTS Of the 3589 candidate studies, 18 eligible studies met our inclusion criteria. Compared to Mtb culture data, the pooled sensitivity and specificity were 0.96 and 0.92, respectively. The diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) was 192.96 (95% CI 68.46, 543.90), and the area under the summary ROC curve (AUC) was 0.9791. There was significant heterogeneity in sensitivity and specificity among the enrolled studies (p < 0.001). The studies with high-quality assessment and application of respiratory specimen were associated with better accuracy. CONCLUSIONS In low-income/high-burden settings, our results suggested that the hRT-PCR assay could be a useful test for the diagnosis of TB with high sensitivity and specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhong Wei
- Blood Transfusion Department, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China
| | - Xiaoping Zhang
- Blood Transfusion Department, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China
| | - Chaojun Wei
- The Institute of Clinical Research and Translational Medicine, Gansu Provincial Hospital, No. 204, Donggang street, Chengguan district, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China
| | - Liang Yao
- The Institute of Clinical Study and Evidence-Based Medicine, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China.,Evidence-Based Medicine Center and Key Laboratory of Evidence-Based Medicine and Knowledge Translation of Gansu Province, College of Basic Medicine, Lanzhou University, No. 199, Donggang street, Chengguan district, Lanzhou, 73000, Gansu, China
| | - Yonghong Li
- The Institute of Clinical Research and Translational Medicine, Gansu Provincial Hospital, No. 204, Donggang street, Chengguan district, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China
| | - Xiaojing Zhang
- Blood Transfusion Department, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China
| | - Hui Xu
- The Institute of Clinical Research and Translational Medicine, Gansu Provincial Hospital, No. 204, Donggang street, Chengguan district, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China
| | - Yanjuan Jia
- The Institute of Clinical Research and Translational Medicine, Gansu Provincial Hospital, No. 204, Donggang street, Chengguan district, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China
| | - Rui Guo
- The Institute of Clinical Research and Translational Medicine, Gansu Provincial Hospital, No. 204, Donggang street, Chengguan district, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China
| | - Yu Wu
- The Institute of Clinical Research and Translational Medicine, Gansu Provincial Hospital, No. 204, Donggang street, Chengguan district, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China
| | - Kehu Yang
- The Institute of Clinical Study and Evidence-Based Medicine, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China. .,Evidence-Based Medicine Center and Key Laboratory of Evidence-Based Medicine and Knowledge Translation of Gansu Province, College of Basic Medicine, Lanzhou University, No. 199, Donggang street, Chengguan district, Lanzhou, 73000, Gansu, China.
| | - Xiaoling Gao
- The Institute of Clinical Research and Translational Medicine, Gansu Provincial Hospital, No. 204, Donggang street, Chengguan district, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China.
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13
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Lee KS, Nam SK, Seo SH, Park KU, Oh HK, Kim DW, Kang SB, Kim WH, Lee HS. Digital polymerase chain reaction for detecting c-MYC copy number gain in tissue and cell-free plasma samples of colorectal cancer patients. Sci Rep 2019; 9:1611. [PMID: 30733532 PMCID: PMC6367402 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-38415-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
We focused on the utility of the droplet digital polymerase chain reaction (ddPCR) for detecting c-MYC gene copy number (GCN) gain in cell-free plasma and tumor tissue of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. c-MYC GCN status was determined using dual-color silver in situ hybridization (SISH) and ddPCR in retrospective cohort 1 (192 CRC patients) and prospective cohort 2 (64 CRC patients). In cohort 1, c-MYC GCN gain was observed in 34 (17.5%) patients by SISH, and in 7 (3.6%) patients by ddPCR. c-MYC GCN by SISH significantly correlated with ddPCR results (ρ = 0.532, P < 0.001). Although 40 cases (20.7%) showed intratumoral genetic heterogeneity, it did not cause discordance in results obtained by the two methods. c-MYC GCN gain, by both SISH and ddPCR was independently correlated with worst prognosis (P = 0.002). In cohort 2, c-MYC GCN estimation in tissue by ddPCR was also significantly associated with results obtained by SISH (ρ = 0.349, P = 0.005), but correlated with plasma ddPCR with borderline significance (ρ = 0.246, P = 0.050). Additionally, detecting c-MYC GCN gain in plasma with ddPCR might have relatively low sensitivity but high specificity. Our study suggests that ddPCR can be a useful tool for detecting c-MYC GCN gain as a potential prognostic biomarker in CRC tissue samples; however, this will need further verification in plasma samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyu Sang Lee
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 173-82 Gumi-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 13620, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Kyung Nam
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 173-82 Gumi-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 13620, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Hyun Seo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 173-82 Gumi-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 13620, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung Un Park
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 173-82 Gumi-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 13620, Republic of Korea
| | - Heung-Kwon Oh
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 173-82 Gumi-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 463-707, Republic of Korea
| | - Duck-Woo Kim
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 173-82 Gumi-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 463-707, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Bum Kang
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 173-82 Gumi-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 463-707, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo Ho Kim
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Seung Lee
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 173-82 Gumi-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 13620, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.
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14
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The Role of Molecular Techniques for the Detection of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Complex in Paraffin-embedded Biopsies. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol 2019; 27:77-80. [DOI: 10.1097/pai.0000000000000533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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15
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Yagmur G, Elgormus N, Ziyade N, Das T, Ozgun A, Gurler AS, Yildirim M, Akcay A, Karayel F, Koc S. Investigation of tuberculosis prevalence by acid-fast stain, culture and real-time PCR method in forensic autopsies. AUST J FORENSIC SCI 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/00450618.2016.1237546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gulhan Yagmur
- Council of Forensic Medicine, Department of Postmortem Microbiology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Neval Elgormus
- Council of Forensic Medicine, Department of Postmortem Microbiology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nihan Ziyade
- Council of Forensic Medicine, Department of Postmortem Microbiology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Taner Das
- Council of Forensic Medicine, Department of Histopathology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ayse Ozgun
- Council of Forensic Medicine, Department of Histopathology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - A. Selcuk Gurler
- Council of Forensic Medicine, Department of Autopsy, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Muzaffer Yildirim
- Council of Forensic Medicine, Department of Histopathology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Arzu Akcay
- Council of Forensic Medicine, Department of Histopathology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ferah Karayel
- Council of Forensic Medicine, Department of Histopathology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sermet Koc
- Council of Forensic Medicine, Department of Autopsy, Istanbul, Turkey
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16
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Boylan KE, Larsen BT, Young BA, Downs-Kelly E, Panchabhai TS, Collum ES, Jensen L, Emerson LL. Pulmonary Mycobacterial Spindle Cell Pseudotumor: A Report of 3 Cases Including a Practical Approach to Histopathologic Recognition of This Unusual Entity. Int J Surg Pathol 2018; 26:629-634. [PMID: 29720005 DOI: 10.1177/1066896918770010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Mycobacterial spindle cell pseudotumor (MSP) is a rare benign spindle cell lesion containing acid-fact mycobacteria. These lesions are most commonly identified in the lymph nodes, skin, spleen, or bone marrow of immunocompromised patients and only rarely involve the lungs. We report 3 cases of pulmonary MSP, which include 2 patients who are known to be HIV-positive. The histopathological diagnosis of MSP in the lung lends itself to many challenges due to its rare incidence and its spindled tumor-like appearance. The differential diagnosis is broad and includes both benign and malignant entities. We highlight the importance of the clinical context in which these lesions typically present and the morphologic spectrum of features seen, and we offer a practical approach to the workup of pulmonary mycobacterial pseudotumor. Appropriate recognition of this entity should lead to an accurate diagnosis of a treatable benign condition despite the clinical presentation often favoring malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine E Boylan
- 1 Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine and Associated Regional and University Pathologists Laboratories, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Brandon T Larsen
- 2 Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ, USA
| | - Brittany A Young
- 1 Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine and Associated Regional and University Pathologists Laboratories, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Erinn Downs-Kelly
- 1 Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine and Associated Regional and University Pathologists Laboratories, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Tanmay S Panchabhai
- 3 John and Doris Norton Thoracic Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Earle S Collum
- 4 Department of Pathology, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Leif Jensen
- 5 Department of Radiology, Division of Chest Imaging, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Lyska L Emerson
- 1 Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine and Associated Regional and University Pathologists Laboratories, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
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17
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Tauziède-Espariat A, Chrétien F, Jouvion G, Alde-Biassette H, Hofman P. [Practices in infectious pathology in France in 2015. Results of the national survey]. Ann Pathol 2018; 38:55-63. [PMID: 29317100 DOI: 10.1016/j.annpat.2017.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2017] [Revised: 12/03/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Pathologists have been, are and will be always implicated in the diagnosis of infectious and tropical diseases. The resurgence of opportunistic infections due to the development of immunosuppressive drugs, the increase of migratory involvements draining tropical infections and the last epidemics spotlight the importance of pathologists in the field of infectious diseases. However, cancer is nowadays the first preoccupation of pathologists, which is constantly subject to evaluate diagnostic and prognostic markers and factors predictive to targeted therapy response or immunotherapy. As tumor pathology, infectious diseases require more sophisticated and rapidly changing complementary techniques, appraisals and perhaps a national network of diagnosis. The infectious pathology club committee carries out here a census of methods used in the diagnosis of infectious diseases in France in 2015 and particularly the different techniques used by laboratories to perform infectious diseases diagnosis. This will lay down the foundation of a future national organization of the infectious pathology in providing efficient services (diagnostic support, complementary tools) for the community of French pathologists in this specific domain of competence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnault Tauziède-Espariat
- Laboratoire de neuropathologie, centre hospitalier Sainte-Anne, 1, rue Cabanis, 75014 Paris, France.
| | - Fabrice Chrétien
- Laboratoire de neuropathologie, centre hospitalier Sainte-Anne, 1, rue Cabanis, 75014 Paris, France; Unité d'histopathologie humaine et modèles animaux, Institut Pasteur, 25-28, rue du Docteur-Roux, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Grégory Jouvion
- Unité d'histopathologie humaine et modèles animaux, Institut Pasteur, 25-28, rue du Docteur-Roux, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Homa Alde-Biassette
- Service d'anatomie et cytologie pathologiques, hôpital Lariboisière, 1, rue Ambroise-Paré, 75475 Paris, France
| | - Paul Hofman
- Laboratoire de pathologie clinique et expérimentale et biobanque hospitalière (BB-0033-00025), hôpital Pasteur, CHU de Nice, 30, voie Romaine, 06001 Nice cedex 01, France
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18
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Babafemi EO, Cherian BP, Banting L, Mills GA, Ngianga K. Effectiveness of real-time polymerase chain reaction assay for the detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in pathological samples: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Syst Rev 2017; 6:215. [PMID: 29070061 PMCID: PMC5657121 DOI: 10.1186/s13643-017-0608-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rapid and accurate diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB) is key to manage the disease and to control and prevent its transmission. Many established diagnostic methods suffer from low sensitivity or delay of timely results and are inadequate for rapid detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) in pulmonary and extra-pulmonary clinical samples. This study examined whether a real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay, with a turn-a-round time of 2 h, would prove effective for routine detection of MTB by clinical microbiology laboratories. METHODS A systematic literature search was performed for publications in any language on the detection of MTB in pathological samples by RT-PCR assay. The following sources were used MEDLINE via PubMed, EMBASE, BIOSIS Citation Index, Web of Science, SCOPUS, ISI Web of Knowledge and Cochrane Infectious Diseases Group Specialised Register, grey literature, World Health Organization and Centres for Disease Control and Prevention websites. Forty-six studies met set inclusion criteria. Generated pooled summary estimates (95% CIs) were calculated for overall accuracy and bivariate meta-regression model was used for meta-analysis. RESULTS Summary estimates for pulmonary TB (31 studies) were as follows: sensitivity 0.82 (95% CI 0.81-0.83), specificity 0.99 (95% CI 0.99-0.99), positive likelihood ratio 43.00 (28.23-64.81), negative likelihood ratio 0.16 (0.12-0.20), diagnostic odds ratio 324.26 (95% CI 189.08-556.09) and area under curve 0.99. Summary estimates for extra-pulmonary TB (25 studies) were as follows: sensitivity 0.70 (95% CI 0.67-0.72), specificity 0.99 (95% CI 0.99-0.99), positive likelihood ratio 29.82 (17.86-49.78), negative likelihood ratio 0.33 (0.26-0.42), diagnostic odds ratio 125.20 (95% CI 65.75-238.36) and area under curve 0.96. CONCLUSIONS RT-PCR assay demonstrated a high degree of sensitivity for pulmonary TB and good sensitivity for extra-pulmonary TB. It indicated a high degree of specificity for ruling in TB infection from sampling regimes. This was acceptable, but may better as a rule out add-on diagnostic test. RT-PCR assays demonstrate both a high degree of sensitivity in pulmonary samples and rapidity of detection of TB which is an important factor in achieving effective global control and for patient management in terms of initiating early and appropriate anti-tubercular therapy. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO CRD42015027534 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel O. Babafemi
- Microbiology Department, Pathology Division, Sandwell and West Birmingham Hospitals NHS Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | | | - Lee Banting
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK
| | - Graham A. Mills
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK
| | - Kandala Ngianga
- School of Health Sciences and Social Work, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK
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19
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Bao JR, Clark RB, Master RN, Shier KL, Eklund LL. Acid-fast bacterium detection and identification from paraffin-embedded tissues using a PCR-pyrosequencing method. J Clin Pathol 2017; 71:148-153. [DOI: 10.1136/jclinpath-2016-204128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Revised: 06/09/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
AimsAcid-fast bacterium (AFB) identification from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissues is challenging and may not be readily available to the clinical laboratory. A method to detect and identify AFB from FFPE tissues using PCR and pyrosequencing (PCR-Seq) was developed and evaluated.MethodsThe method was validated using spiked cell-clotted paraffin blocks before use with patients’ specimens. DNA was extracted from tissue sections, and a 16S rRNA gene fragment was amplified and a signature sequence was produced on a PyroMark ID system. Sequences were aligned to established databases for AFB identification. Additional tissue sections were stained and examined for AFB.ResultsBoth sensitivity and specificity were 100% on spiked cell-clotted blocks without cross-reactivity with non-AFB. Of 302 FFPE tissues from patients, 116 (38%) were AFB-stain positive; 83 (72%) of these had AFB identified. The 21 AFB identified included Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (14 cases), Mycobacterium leprae (3), Mycobacterium genavense (2), Mycobacterium marinum-ulcerans group (3) and 17 other AFB (61). Thirteen cases were AFB-stain indeterminate and 4 were positive by the PCR-Seq method. Of the AFB stain-negative cases, 167 were negative and 6 were positive by PCR-Seq.ConclusionsThe PCR-Seq method provided specific identification of various AFB species or complexes from FFPE tissues.
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20
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Rindi L, Alì G, Fabiani B, Fontanini G, Garzelli C. Detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis from paraffin-embedded tissues by GeneXpert MTB/RIF. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2017; 106:53-55. [PMID: 28802405 DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2017.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Revised: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
GeneXpert MTB/RIF (Xpert) assay, a rapid and automated system based on real-time PCR and molecular beacon technology, proved to be a sensitive and specific tool capable of detecting Mycobacterium tuberculosis and rifampin resistance in clinical specimens. In this study we provide a Xpert-dedicated successful protocol for processing paraffin-embedded tissue and assess the feasibility of the Xpert assay-based tuberculosis (TB) diagnosis on these specimens, thus proving the Xpert assay as a valuable TB diagnostic tool in supporting conventional histopathological methods.
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MESH Headings
- Antibiotics, Antitubercular/pharmacology
- Automation, Laboratory
- Bacteriological Techniques
- Biopsy
- Case-Control Studies
- DNA, Bacterial/genetics
- DNA, Bacterial/isolation & purification
- Drug Resistance, Bacterial/genetics
- Humans
- Microbial Sensitivity Tests
- Mycobacterium tuberculosis/drug effects
- Mycobacterium tuberculosis/genetics
- Mycobacterium tuberculosis/isolation & purification
- Paraffin Embedding
- Predictive Value of Tests
- Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods
- Rifampin/pharmacology
- Tuberculosis, Lymph Node/diagnosis
- Tuberculosis, Lymph Node/genetics
- Tuberculosis, Lymph Node/pathology
- Tuberculosis, Pleural/diagnosis
- Tuberculosis, Pleural/genetics
- Tuberculosis, Pleural/pathology
- Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/diagnosis
- Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/genetics
- Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/pathology
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Rindi
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, I-56127, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Greta Alì
- Unit of Pathological Anatomy, University Hospital of Pisa, I-56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Barbara Fabiani
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, I-56127, Pisa, Italy
| | - Gabriella Fontanini
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Area, University of Pisa, I-56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Carlo Garzelli
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, I-56127, Pisa, Italy
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21
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Peters F, Batinica M, Plum G, Eming SA, Fabri M. Keim oder kein Keim: Herausforderungen bei der Diagnose mykobakterieller Infektionen der Haut. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges 2016; 14:1227-1236. [PMID: 27992147 DOI: 10.1111/ddg.13001_g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Accepted: 02/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Kutane Mykobakteriosen sind in Deutschland selten. Dennoch ist es für eine frühzeitige Diagnose und anschließende wirksame Behandlung erforderlich, dass diese Krankheitsbilder im ärztlichen Bewusstsein verankert sind. Darüber hinaus stehen Infektionen mit Mykobakterien auf der Liste der Differentialdiagnosen vieler Hautkrankheiten. Diagnosen kutaner Mykobakteriosen beruhen auf klinischen Merkmalen und auf Laboruntersuchungen, einschließlich bakterieller Kulturen, histopathologischer Untersuchungen und PCR-basierten Verfahren. Das Wissen um Möglichkeiten und Grenzen dieser Laboruntersuchungen ist von zentraler Bedeutung, um eine angemessene klinische Entscheidung zu treffen. In diesem Beitrag diskutieren wir die aktuellen diagnostischen Möglichkeiten, die in Verdachtsfällen kutaner Mykobakteriosen zur Verfügung stehen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Peters
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Dermatologie und Venerologie, Universität Köln, Deutschland
| | - Marina Batinica
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Dermatologie und Venerologie, Universität Köln, Deutschland
| | - Georg Plum
- Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und Hygiene, Universitätsklinikum Köln, Deutschland
| | - Sabine A Eming
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Dermatologie und Venerologie, Universität Köln, Deutschland.,Zentrum für Molekulare Medizin Köln, Universität Köln, Deutschland
| | - Mario Fabri
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Dermatologie und Venerologie, Universität Köln, Deutschland.,Zentrum für Molekulare Medizin Köln, Universität Köln, Deutschland
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22
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Kim CJ, Kim EJ, Song KH, Choe PG, Park WB, Bang JH, Kim ES, Park SW, Kim HB, Oh MD, Kim NJ. Comparison of characteristics of culture-negative pyogenic spondylitis and tuberculous spondylitis: a retrospective study. BMC Infect Dis 2016; 16:560. [PMID: 27733126 PMCID: PMC5060001 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-016-1897-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Differences between the characteristics of culture positive pyogenic spondylitis (CPPS) and tuberculous spondylitis (TS) are well known. However, differences between the characteristics of culture negative pyogenic spondylitis (CNPS) and TS have not been reported; these would be more helpful in clinical practice especially when initial microbiologic examination of blood and/or biopsy tissue did not reveal the causative bacteria in patients with infectious spondylitis. Methods We performed a retrospective review of the medical records of patients with CNPS and TS. We compared the characteristics of 71 patients with CNPS with those of 94 patients with TS. Results Patients with TS had more previous histories of tuberculosis (9.9 vs 22.3 %, p = 0.034), simultaneous tuberculosis other than of the spine (0 vs 47.9 %, p < 0.001), and positive results in the interferon-gamma release assay (27.6 vs 79.2 %, p < 0.001). Fever (15.5 vs. 31.8 %, p = 0.018), psoas abscesses (15.5 vs 33.0 %, p = 0.011), and paravertebral abscesses (49.3 vs. 74.5 %, p = 0.011) were also more prevalent in TS than CNPS. Conclusions Different from or contrary to the previous comparisons between CPPS and TS, fever, psoas abscesses, and paravertebral abscesses are more common in patients with TS than in those with CNPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Jong Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-ro Jongno-gu, Seoul, 110-744, Republic of Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, Ewha Womans University Mokdong Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Jung Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-ro Jongno-gu, Seoul, 110-744, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung-Ho Song
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-ro Jongno-gu, Seoul, 110-744, Republic of Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Pyoeng Gyun Choe
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-ro Jongno-gu, Seoul, 110-744, Republic of Korea
| | - Wan Beom Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-ro Jongno-gu, Seoul, 110-744, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hwan Bang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-ro Jongno-gu, Seoul, 110-744, Republic of Korea
| | - Eu Suk Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-ro Jongno-gu, Seoul, 110-744, Republic of Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Won Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-ro Jongno-gu, Seoul, 110-744, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong-Bin Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-ro Jongno-gu, Seoul, 110-744, Republic of Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Myoung-Don Oh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-ro Jongno-gu, Seoul, 110-744, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam Joong Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-ro Jongno-gu, Seoul, 110-744, Republic of Korea.
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23
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Lee YJ, Kim S, Kang Y, Jung J, Lee E, Kim JY, Lee JH, Lee Y, Chae YS, Kim CH. Does Polymerase Chain Reaction of Tissue Specimens Aid in the Diagnosis of Tuberculosis? J Pathol Transl Med 2016; 50:451-458. [PMID: 27725619 PMCID: PMC5122730 DOI: 10.4132/jptm.2016.08.04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Revised: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mycobacterial culture is the gold standard test for diagnosing tuberculosis (TB), but it is time-consuming. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a highly sensitive and specific method that can reduce the time required for diagnosis. The diagnostic efficacy of PCR differs, so this study determined the actual sensitivity of TB-PCR in tissue specimens. Methods We retrospectively reviewed 574 cases. The results of the nested PCR of the IS6110 gene, mycobacterial culture, TB-specific antigen-induced interferon-γ release assay (IGRA), acid-fast bacilli (AFB) staining, and histological findings were evaluated. Results The positivity rates were 17.6% for PCR, 3.3% for the AFB stain, 22.2% for mycobacterial culture, and 55.4% for IGRA. PCR had a low sensitivity (51.1%) and a high specificity (86.3%) based on the culture results of other studies. The sensitivity was higher (65.5%) in cases with necrotizing granuloma but showed the highest sensitivity (66.7%) in those with necrosis only. The concordance rate between the methods indicated that PCR was the best method compared to mycobacterial culture, and the concordance rate increased for the methods using positive result for PCR or histologic features. Conclusions PCR of tissue specimens is a good alternative to detect tuberculosis, but it may not be as sensitive as previously suggested. Its reliability may also be influenced by some histological features. Our data showed a higher sensitivity when specimens contained necrosis, which indicated that only specimens with necrosis should be used for PCR to detect tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoo Jin Lee
- Department of Pathology, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seojin Kim
- Department of Pathology, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Youngjin Kang
- Department of Pathology, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jiyoon Jung
- Department of Pathology, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eunjung Lee
- Department of Pathology, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Joo-Young Kim
- Department of Pathology, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jeong Hyeon Lee
- Department of Pathology, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Youngseok Lee
- Department of Pathology, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yang-Seok Chae
- Department of Pathology, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chul Hwan Kim
- Department of Pathology, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul, Korea
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Peters F, Batinica M, Plum G, Eming SA, Fabri M. Bug or no bug: challenges in diagnosing cutaneous mycobacterial infections. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges 2016; 14:1227-1235. [DOI: 10.1111/ddg.13001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Accepted: 02/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Peters
- Department of Dermatology; University of Cologne; Cologne Germany
| | - Marina Batinica
- Department of Dermatology; University of Cologne; Cologne Germany
| | - Georg Plum
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene; University Hospital of Cologne; Cologne Germany
| | - Sabine A. Eming
- Department of Dermatology; University of Cologne; Cologne Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne; University of Cologne; Cologne Germany
| | - Mario Fabri
- Department of Dermatology; University of Cologne; Cologne Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne; University of Cologne; Cologne Germany
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Sanjuan-Jimenez R, Toro-Peinado I, Bermudez P, Colmenero JD, Morata P. Comparative Study of a Real-Time PCR Assay Targeting senX3-regX3 versus Other Molecular Strategies Commonly Used in the Diagnosis of Tuberculosis. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0143025. [PMID: 26600434 PMCID: PMC4658205 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0143025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Nucleic acid amplification tests are increasingly used for the rapid diagnosis of tuberculosis. We undertook a comparative study of the efficiency and diagnostic yield of a real-time PCR senX3-regX3 based assay versus the classical IS6110 target and the new commercial methods. Methods This single-blind prospective comparative study included 145 consecutive samples: 76 from patients with culture-confirmed tuberculosis (86.8% pulmonary and 13.2% extrapulmonary tuberculosis: 48.7% smear-positive and 51.3% smear-negative) and 69 control samples (24 from patients diagnosed with non-tuberculous mycobacteria infections and 45 from patients with suspected tuberculosis which was eventually ruled out). All samples were tested by two CE-marked assays (Xpert®MTB/RIF and AnyplexTM plus MTB/NTM) and two in-house assays targeting senX3-regX3 and the IS6110 gene. Results The detection limit ranged from 1.00E+01 fg for Anyplex, senX3-regX3 and IS6110 to 1.00E+04 fg for Xpert. All three Xpert, senX3-regX3 and IS6110 assays detected all 37 smear-positive cases. Conversely, Anyplex was positive in 34 (91.9%) smear-positive cases. In patients with smear-negative tuberculosis, differences were observed between the assays; Xpert detected 22 (56.41%) of the 39 smear-negative samples, Anyplex 24 (61.53%), senX3-regX3 28 (71.79%) and IS6110 35 (89.74%). Xpert and senX3-regX3 were negative in all control samples; however, the false positive rate was 8.7% and 13% for Anyplex and IS6110, respectively. The overall sensitivity was 77.6%, 85.7%, 77.3% and 94.7% and the specificity was 100%, 100%, 90.8% and 87.0% for the Xpert, senX3-regX3, Anyplex and IS6110 assays, respectively. Conclusion Real-time PCR assays targeting IS6110 lack the desired specificity. The Xpert MTB/RIF and in-house senX3-regX3 assays are both sensitive and specific for the detection of MTBC in both pulmonary and extrapulmonary samples. Therefore, the real time PCR senX3-regX3 based assay could be a useful and complementary tool in the diagnosis of tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocio Sanjuan-Jimenez
- Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain
- * E-mail:
| | | | - Pilar Bermudez
- Microbiology Service, Regional University Hospital, Malaga, Spain
| | - Juan D. Colmenero
- Infectious Diseases Service, Regional University Hospital, Malaga, Spain
| | - Pilar Morata
- Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain
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Kim YN, Kim KM, Choi HN, Lee JH, Park HS, Jang KY, Moon WS, Kang MJ, Lee DG, Chung MJ. Clinical Usefulness of PCR for Differential Diagnosis of Tuberculosis and Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Infection in Paraffin-Embedded Lung Tissues. J Mol Diagn 2015; 17:597-604. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmoldx.2015.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2014] [Revised: 03/29/2015] [Accepted: 04/02/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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Ryu YJ. Diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis: recent advances and diagnostic algorithms. Tuberc Respir Dis (Seoul) 2015; 78:64-71. [PMID: 25861338 PMCID: PMC4388902 DOI: 10.4046/trd.2015.78.2.64] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2015] [Revised: 02/12/2015] [Accepted: 03/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) persists as a great public health problem in Korea. Increases in the overall age of the population and the rise of drug-resistant TB have reinforced the need for rapid diagnostic improvements and new modalities to detect TB and drug-resistant TB, as well as to improve TB control. Standard guidelines and recent advances for diagnosing pulmonary TB are summarized in this article. An early and accurate diagnosis of pulmonary TB should be established using chest X-ray, sputum microscopy, culture in both liquid and solid media, and nucleic acid amplification. Chest computed tomography, histopathological examination of biopsy samples, and new molecular diagnostic tests can be used for earlier and improved diagnoses, especially in patients with smear-negative pulmonary TB or clinically-diagnosed TB and drug-resistant TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yon Ju Ryu
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Ewha Womans University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Seo AN, Park HJ, Lee HS, Park JO, Chang HE, Nam KH, Choe G, Park KU. Performance characteristics of nested polymerase chain reaction vs real-time polymerase chain reaction methods for detecting Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex in paraffin-embedded human tissues. Am J Clin Pathol 2014; 142:384-90. [PMID: 25125630 DOI: 10.1309/ajcp2qzrh4znprdd] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Nucleic acid amplification tests on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue specimens enable Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTB) detection and rapid tuberculosis diagnosis in the absence of microbiologic culture tests. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy of different polymerase chain reaction (PCR) methods for detecting Mycobacterium species in FFPE tissues. METHODS We examined 110 FFPE specimens (56 nonmycobacterial cases, 32 MTB, and 22 nontuberculous mycobacteria [NTM] determined by acid-fast bacilli [AFB] culture) to assess five PCR methods: nested PCR (N-PCR) (Seeplex MTB Nested ACE Detection; Seegene, Seoul, South Korea), an in-house real-time PCR (RT-PCR) method, and three commercial RT-PCR methods (AccuPower MTB RT-PCR [Bioneer, Seoul, Korea], artus M tuberculosis TM PCR [Qiagen, Hilden, Germany], and AdvanSure tuberculosis/NTM RT-PCR [LG Life Sciences, Seoul, Korea]). RESULTS The results of N-PCR, in-house RT-PCR, and AdvanSure RT-PCR correlated well with AFB culture results (concordance rates, 94.3%, 87.5%, and 89.5%, respectively). The sensitivity of N-PCR (87.5%) was higher than that of the RT-PCR methods, although these differences were not statistically significant between N-PCR and the in-house and AdvanSure RT-PCR methods (68.8% and 80.0%, respectively). All the PCR methods had high specificities, ranging from 98.2% to 100%. Only two NTM cases were detected by AdvanSure RT-PCR, implying a very low sensitivity. CONCLUSIONS Well-designed RT-PCR and N-PCR can effectively identify MTB in FFPE specimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- An Na Seo
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Gyeonggido, Republic of Korea
- Department of Pathology, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Jung-gu, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo Jin Park
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Gyeonggido, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Seung Lee
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Gyeonggido, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Ok Park
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Gyeonggido, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Eun Chang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Gyeonggido, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Han Nam
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Gyeonggido, Republic of Korea
| | - Gheeyoung Choe
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Gyeonggido, Republic of Korea
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Jongnogu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung Un Park
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Gyeonggido, Republic of Korea
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Jongnogu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Surat G, Wallace WA, Laurenson IF, Seagar AL. Rapid real-time PCR for detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex DNA in formalin-fixed paraffin embedded tissues: 16% of histological 'sarcoid' may contain such DNA. J Clin Pathol 2014; 67:1084-7. [PMID: 25170093 DOI: 10.1136/jclinpath-2014-202307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To investigate the diagnostic accuracy of IS6110 real-time PCR for detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) in DNA extracted from formalin-fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) tissues using two different methods. In the absence of material submitted for tuberculosis (TB) culture, MTBC detection in FFPE tissue can be an important aid to diagnosis. METHODS We collected 144 FFPE tissue blocks (lung and lymph node) for IS6110 real-time PCR. Two DNA extraction methods (QIAamp FFPE tissue kit and NucliSENS easyMAG) were assessed within a general laboratory setting. PCR results were compared with histology and culture. RESULTS In the histological MTBC and culture MTBC (TB-positive) groups, 72.4% were IS6110-positive and 27.6% negative. IS6110-negative results were obtained from 98%, 61.5% and 84% of the histologically MTBC-negative (TB-negative) group, histologically TB/no culture group and sarcoidosis group, respectively. Review of 19 IS6110-positive patients in the latter three groups showed that 15 had clinical TB. Thirteen of 15 (86.7%) IS6110-positive patients in the histological TB/no culture group and 2 of 4 (50%) IS6110-positive patients in the sarcoidosis group were clinically diagnosed with TB which highlights the difficulty of a pathological diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS IS6110 real-time PCR using easyMAG extracted DNA is a moderately sensitive, specific and rapid method for MTBC detection in FFPE material, but must be interpreted in the overall clinical context. PCR results can be available in around 5 h from FFPE specimen receipt, with minimal hands-on time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Güzin Surat
- Regional Infectious Diseases Unit, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - William A Wallace
- Department of Pathology, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Ian F Laurenson
- Scottish Mycobacteria Reference Laboratory (SMRL), Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Amie-Louise Seagar
- Scottish Mycobacteria Reference Laboratory (SMRL), Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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Nam SK, Im J, Kwak Y, Han N, Nam KH, Seo AN, Lee HS. Effects of fixation and storage of human tissue samples on nucleic Acid preservation. KOREAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2014; 48:36-42. [PMID: 24627693 PMCID: PMC3950233 DOI: 10.4132/koreanjpathol.2014.48.1.36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2013] [Revised: 01/22/2014] [Accepted: 01/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Background Because of recent advances in the molecular diagnosis of cancer patients, tissue quality has become more important in daily practice. Methods To evaluate the effects of fixative, duration of fixation, decalcification, and storage periods on nucleic acid integrity, DNA and RNA were extracted from gastrointestinal cancer tissue. The yield and purity were analyzed, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH; 60 bp), β-actin (148 bp), and human growth hormone (hGH; 434 bp) and real-time reverse transcription-PCR for β-actin (97 bp) were performed. Results All formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) and methacarn-fixed paraffin-embedded (MFPE) samples tested positive for GAPDH and β-actin by PCR. hGH was successfully detected in all MFPE samples, but in only 46.7% of the FFPE samples. Prolonged formalin fixation resulted in fewer GAPDH and β-actin PCR products, and amplification of hGH was not successful. The PCR and reverse transcription-PCR results were significantly affected by the duration of decalcification. The yield, purity, and integrity of mRNA progressively decreased with increased storage periods of paraffin blocks. Conclusions Fixation and storage should therefore be standardized in order to improve the quality of molecular pathologic diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo Kyung Nam
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Joon Im
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Yoonjin Kwak
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Nayoung Han
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyung Han Nam
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea
| | - An Na Seo
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Hye Seung Lee
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea
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31
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Ryu YJ. Diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis. JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION 2014. [DOI: 10.5124/jkma.2014.57.1.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yon Ju Ryu
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Ewha Womans University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Simultaneous detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex and nontuberculous mycobacteria in respiratory specimens. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2013; 93:642-6. [PMID: 23988279 DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2013.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2013] [Revised: 07/25/2013] [Accepted: 07/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Many nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) species have clinical significance, and the rapid and reliable identification of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) and NTM species is important. We evaluated the simultaneous detection of MTBC and NTM in respiratory specimens. MTBC and NTM were simultaneously detected and identified by laboratory-developed (LDT) real-time PCR, multiplex real-time PCR/melting curve analysis, rpoB PCR restriction fragment length polymorphisms and the AdvanSure Mycobacteria GenoBlot assay (LG Life Sciences). Eighty-five respiratory specimens from 69 patients showed simultaneous detection of MTBC and NTM. A line probe assay showed 70.6% concordance with LDT. Ten patients (14.5%) had a history of tuberculosis, and eight patients (11.6%) had been previously diagnosed with bronchiectasis. Mixed cultures were present one time in 57 patients (82.6%) and repeatedly in 12 patients (17.4%). MTBC was more frequent in 44 patients (63.8%), and NTM was isolated in seven patients (10.1%). The commonly detected NTM species in the mixed cultures were Mycobacterium intracellulare (29.0%) and Mycobacterium abscessus (29.0%). Co-isolation caused a failure of antitubercular drug susceptibility testing in 2 patients (2.9%). Molecular methods allow MTBC and NTM species to be simultaneously identified in respiratory specimens. NTM isolated with MTBC has clinical significance in some patients and should not be ignored.
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