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Schwartz MLB, McDonald WS, Hallquist MLG, Hu Y, McCormick CZ, Walters NL, Tsun J, Zimmerman K, Decker A, Gray C, Malinowski J, Sturm AC, Buchanan AH. Genetics Visit Uptake Among Individuals Receiving Clinically Actionable Genomic Screening Results. JAMA Netw Open 2024; 7:e242388. [PMID: 38488794 PMCID: PMC10943406 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.2388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Importance Screening unselected populations for clinically actionable genetic disease risk can improve ascertainment and facilitate risk management. Genetics visits may encourage at-risk individuals to perform recommended management, but little has been reported on genetics visit completion or factors associated with completion in genomic screening programs. Objective To identify factors associated with postdisclosure genetics visits in a genomic screening cohort. Design, Setting, and Participants This was a cohort study of biobank data in a health care system in central Pennsylvania. Participants' exome sequence data were reviewed for pathogenic or likely pathogenic (P/LP) results in all genes on the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics Secondary Findings list. Clinically confirmed results were disclosed by phone and letter. Participants included adult MyCode biobank participants who received P/LP results between July 2015 and November 2019. Data were analyzed from May 2021 to March 2022. Exposure Clinically confirmed P/LP result disclosed by phone or letter. Main Outcomes and Measures Completion of genetics visit in which the result was discussed and variables associated with completion were assessed by electronic health record (EHR) review. Results Among a total of 1160 participants (703 [60.6%] female; median [IQR] age, 57.0 [42.1-68.5] years), fewer than half of participants (551 of 1160 [47.5%]) completed a genetics visit. Younger age (odds ratio [OR] for age 18-40 years, 2.98; 95% CI, 1.40-6.53; OR for age 41-65 years, 2.36; 95% CI, 1.22-4.74; OR for age 66-80 years, 2.60; 95% CI, 1.41-4.98 vs age ≥81 years); female sex (OR, 1.49; 95% CI, 1.14-1.96); being married (OR, 1.74; 95% CI, 1.23-2.47) or divorced (OR, 1.80; 95% CI, 1.11-2.91); lower Charlson comorbidity index (OR for score of 0-2, 1.76; 95% CI, 1.16-2.68; OR for score of 3-4, 1.73; 95% CI, 1.18-2.54 vs score of ≥5); EHR patient portal use (OR, 1.42; 95% CI, 1.06-1.89); living closer to a genetics clinic (OR, 1.64; 95% CI, 1.14-2.36 for <8.9 miles vs >20.1 miles); successful results disclosure (OR for disclosure by genetic counselor, 16.32; 95% CI, 8.16-37.45; OR for disclosure by research assistant, 20.30; 95% CI, 10.25-46.31 vs unsuccessful phone disclosure); and having a hereditary cancer result (OR, 2.13; 95% CI, 1.28-3.58 vs other disease risk) were significantly associated with higher rates of genetics visit completion. Preference to follow up with primary care was the most common reported reason for declining a genetics visit (68 of 152 patients [44.7%]). Conclusions and Relevance This cohort study of a biobank-based population genomic screening program suggests that targeted patient engagement, improving multidisciplinary coordination, and reducing barriers to follow-up care may be necessary for enhancing genetics visit uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marci L. B. Schwartz
- Department of Genomic Health, Geisinger, Danville, Pennsylvania
- Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, Cardiac Genome Clinic, Division of Clinical and Metabolic Genetics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | - Yirui Hu
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Geisinger, Danville, Pennsylvania
| | | | | | - Jessica Tsun
- Department of Genomic Health, Geisinger, Danville, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Amie Decker
- Department of Genomic Health, Geisinger, Danville, Pennsylvania
- University of Arkansas Medical Sciences, Little Rock
| | - Celia Gray
- Phenomics and Clinical Data Core, Geisinger, Danville, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Amy C. Sturm
- Department of Genomic Health, Geisinger, Danville, Pennsylvania
- 23andMe, Sunnyvale, California
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Milla E, Laguna J, Alforja MS, Pascual B, Gamundi MJ, Borràs E, Hernán I, Muniesa MJ, Pazos M, Duch S, Carballo M, Jodar M. Next-generation sequencing-based gene panel tests for the detection of rare variants and hypomorphic alleles associated with primary open-angle glaucoma. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0282133. [PMID: 38241218 PMCID: PMC10798505 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0282133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) is a complex disease with a strong hereditably component. Several genetic variants have recently been associated with POAG, partially due to technological improvements such as next-generation sequencing (NGS). The aim of this study was to genetically analyze patients with POAG to determine the contribution of rare variants and hypomorphic alleles associated with glaucoma as a future method of diagnosis and early treatment. Seventy-two genes potentially associated with adult glaucoma were studied in 61 patients with POAG. Additionally, we sequenced the coding sequence of CYP1B1 gene in 13 independent patients to deep analyze the potential association of hypomorphic CYP1B1 alleles in the pathogenesis of POAG. We detected nine rare variants in 16% of POAG patients studied by NGS. Those rare variants are located in CYP1B1, SIX6, CARD10, MFN1, OPTC, OPTN, and WDR36 glaucoma-related genes. Hypomorphic variants in CYP1B1 and SIX6 genes have been identified in 8% of the total POAG patient assessed. Our findings suggest that NGS could be a valuable tool to clarify the impact of genetic component on adult glaucoma. However, in order to demonstrate the contribution of these rare variants and hypomorphic alleles to glaucoma, segregation and functional studies would be necessary. The identification of new variants and hypomorphic alleles in glaucoma patients will help to configure the genetic identity of these patients, in order to make an early and precise molecular diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Milla
- Glaucoma Unit, Department of Ophthalmology, ICOF, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Innova Ocular-ICO, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Javier Laguna
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, CDB, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mª. Socorro Alforja
- Glaucoma Unit, Department of Ophthalmology, ICOF, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Beatriz Pascual
- Molecular Genetics Unit, Hospital de Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Emma Borràs
- Molecular Genetics Unit, Hospital de Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Imma Hernán
- Molecular Genetics Unit, Hospital de Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain
| | - María Jesús Muniesa
- Glaucoma Unit, Department of Ophthalmology, ICOF, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Pazos
- Glaucoma Unit, Department of Ophthalmology, ICOF, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Miguel Carballo
- Molecular Genetics Unit, Hospital de Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Meritxell Jodar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, CDB, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Schwiter R, Rocha H, Johns A, Savatt JM, Diehl DL, Kelly MA, Williams MS, Buchanan AH. Low adenoma burden in unselected patients with a pathogenic APC variant. Genet Med 2023; 25:100949. [PMID: 37542411 DOI: 10.1016/j.gim.2023.100949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Genomic screening can improve clinical outcomes, but presentation of individuals with risk for polyposis identified via genomic screening is unknown. To inform assessment of clinical utility of genomic screening for polyposis risk, clinical presentation of individuals in an unselected health care system cohort with an APC pathogenic or likely pathogenic (P/LP) variant causative of familial adenomatous polyposis are described. METHODS Electronic health records of individuals with an APC P/LP variant identified via the MyCode program (MyCode APC+) were reviewed to assess adenoma burden and compare it among individuals with a clinical diagnosis of familial adenomatous polyposis and matched variant-negative controls. RESULTS The prevalence of APC P/LP variants in this health care cohort is estimated to be 1 in 2800. Twenty-four MyCode APC+ individuals were identified during the study period. Median age at result disclosure was 53 years. Rate of clinical polyposis was 8%. Two of six participants with a classic region variant and none of those with an attenuated region variant had polyposis. MyCode APC+ participants did not differ from controls in cumulative adenoma count. CONCLUSION APC P/LP variant prevalence estimate in the MyCode cohort is higher than prior published prevalence rates. Individuals with APC P/LP variants identified via genomic screening had a low adenoma burden.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Heather Rocha
- Department of Genomic Health, Geisinger, Danville, PA
| | - Alicia Johns
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Geisinger, Danville, PA
| | | | - David L Diehl
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Geisinger, Danville, PA
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Jurgens SJ, Funke B. Towards Proactive "Sequence-First" Risk Prediction for Inherited Cardiomyopathies. JACC. HEART FAILURE 2023:S2213-1779(23)00612-1. [PMID: 37897458 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchf.2023.08.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sean J Jurgens
- Department of Experimental Cardiology, Heart Center, Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA; Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Heart Failure and Arrhythmias, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
| | - Birgit Funke
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
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Blout Zawatsky CL, Bick D, Bier L, Funke B, Lebo M, Lewis KL, Orlova E, Qian E, Ryan L, Schwartz MLB, Soper ER. Elective genomic testing: Practice resource of the National Society of Genetic Counselors. J Genet Couns 2023; 32:281-299. [PMID: 36597794 DOI: 10.1002/jgc4.1654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Genetic counseling for patients who are pursuing genetic testing in the absence of a medical indication, referred to as elective genomic testing (EGT), is becoming more common. This type of testing has the potential to detect genetic conditions before there is a significant health impact permitting earlier management and/or treatment. Pre- and post-test counseling for EGT is similar to indication-based genetic testing. Both require a complete family and medical history when ordering a test or interpreting a result. However, EGT counseling has some special considerations including greater uncertainties around penetrance and clinical utility and a lack of published guidelines. While certain considerations in the selection of a high-quality genetic testing laboratory are universal, there are some considerations that are unique to the selection of a laboratory performing EGT. This practice resource intends to provide guidance for genetic counselors and other healthcare providers caring for adults seeking pre- or post-test counseling for EGT. Genetic counselors and other genetics trained healthcare providers are the ideal medical professionals to supply accurate information to individuals seeking counseling about EGT enabling them to make informed decisions about testing and follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carrie L Blout Zawatsky
- Genomes2People, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.,Ariadne Labs, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,The MGH Institute of Health Professions, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Louise Bier
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | | | - Matthew Lebo
- Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.,Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Mass General Brigham Personalized Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Katie L Lewis
- Center for Precision Health Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Ekaterina Orlova
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Emily Qian
- Department of Genetics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | | | - Marci L B Schwartz
- Cardiac Genome Clinic, Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Emily R Soper
- The Institute for Genomic Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA.,Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
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6
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Miura MS, Suckiel SA, Naik H, Soper ER, Abul-Husn NS. Elective genetic testing: Genetics professionals' perspectives and practices. J Genet Couns 2022. [PMID: 36575824 DOI: 10.1002/jgc4.1666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Elective genetic testing (EGT) to identify disease risk in individuals who may or may not meet clinical criteria for testing is increasingly being offered in clinical practice. However, little is known about how EGT is currently implemented and how genetics professionals perceive this type of testing. We conducted a mixed-methods survey study to evaluate genetics professionals' perspectives and attitudes about EGT and describe the current landscape of EGT practices in the United States (U.S.) and Canada. Six clinical geneticists and 131 genetic counselors responded to the online survey, among whom 44% reported offering EGT in their practice. Over 84% of survey respondents agreed that EGT may improve health outcomes and understanding of genotype-phenotype correlations, and 85% agreed that potential risks include result misinterpretation and contribution to economic health disparities. Though most respondents felt comfortable providing pretest (77%) and post-test (86%) counseling for EGT, lack of provider resources (such as time and personnel) and prioritization of diagnostic testing were cited most frequently in free-text responses as reasons for not offering EGT. Of those offering EGT, 88% reported positive overall experiences. Qualitative analysis of open-ended questions identified benefits of EGT as expanding access to genetic testing, providing potential health benefits, and providing psychological benefits for patients. Disadvantages included prohibitive costs, limited clinical utility, and strain on resources. Overall, we found that genetics providers perceive both potential benefits and harms of EGT and that those offering this testing had generally positive experiences, although ethical reservations and practical limitations exist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madison S Miura
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Sabrina A Suckiel
- Institute for Genomic Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA.,Division of Genomic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Hetanshi Naik
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA.,Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Emily R Soper
- Institute for Genomic Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA.,Division of Genomic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Noura S Abul-Husn
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA.,Institute for Genomic Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA.,Division of Genomic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
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Mighton C, Shickh S, Aguda V, Krishnapillai S, Adi-Wauran E, Bombard Y. From the patient to the population: Use of genomics for population screening. Front Genet 2022; 13:893832. [PMID: 36353115 PMCID: PMC9637971 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.893832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 10/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Genomic medicine is expanding from a focus on diagnosis at the patient level to prevention at the population level given the ongoing under-ascertainment of high-risk and actionable genetic conditions using current strategies, particularly hereditary breast and ovarian cancer (HBOC), Lynch Syndrome (LS) and familial hypercholesterolemia (FH). The availability of large-scale next-generation sequencing strategies and preventive options for these conditions makes it increasingly feasible to screen pre-symptomatic individuals through public health-based approaches, rather than restricting testing to high-risk groups. This raises anew, and with urgency, questions about the limits of screening as well as the moral authority and capacity to screen for genetic conditions at a population level. We aimed to answer some of these critical questions by using the WHO Wilson and Jungner criteria to guide a synthesis of current evidence on population genomic screening for HBOC, LS, and FH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloe Mighton
- Genomics Health Services Research Program, St. Michael’s Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Salma Shickh
- Genomics Health Services Research Program, St. Michael’s Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Vernie Aguda
- Genomics Health Services Research Program, St. Michael’s Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Centre for Medical Education, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Suvetha Krishnapillai
- Genomics Health Services Research Program, St. Michael’s Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ella Adi-Wauran
- Genomics Health Services Research Program, St. Michael’s Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Yvonne Bombard
- Genomics Health Services Research Program, St. Michael’s Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Bick D, Ahmed A, Deen D, Ferlini A, Garnier N, Kasperaviciute D, Leblond M, Pichini A, Rendon A, Satija A, Tuff-Lacey A, Scott RH. Newborn Screening by Genomic Sequencing: Opportunities and Challenges. Int J Neonatal Screen 2022; 8:40. [PMID: 35892470 PMCID: PMC9326745 DOI: 10.3390/ijns8030040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Newborn screening for treatable disorders is one of the great public health success stories of the twentieth century worldwide. This commentary examines the potential use of a new technology, next generation sequencing, in newborn screening through the lens of the Wilson and Jungner criteria. Each of the ten criteria are examined to show how they might be applied by programmes using genomic sequencing as a screening tool. While there are obvious advantages to a method that can examine all disease-causing genes in a single assay at an ever-diminishing cost, implementation of genomic sequencing at scale presents numerous challenges, some which are intrinsic to screening for rare disease and some specifically linked to genomics-led screening. In addition to questions specific to routine screening considerations, the ethical, communication, data management, legal, and social implications of genomic screening programmes require consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Bick
- Genomics England Ltd., Dawson Hall, Charterhouse Square, Barbican, London EC1M 6BQ, UK; (A.A.); (D.D.); (D.K.); (M.L.); (A.P.); (A.R.); (A.S.); (A.T.-L.); (R.H.S.)
| | - Arzoo Ahmed
- Genomics England Ltd., Dawson Hall, Charterhouse Square, Barbican, London EC1M 6BQ, UK; (A.A.); (D.D.); (D.K.); (M.L.); (A.P.); (A.R.); (A.S.); (A.T.-L.); (R.H.S.)
| | - Dasha Deen
- Genomics England Ltd., Dawson Hall, Charterhouse Square, Barbican, London EC1M 6BQ, UK; (A.A.); (D.D.); (D.K.); (M.L.); (A.P.); (A.R.); (A.S.); (A.T.-L.); (R.H.S.)
| | - Alessandra Ferlini
- Medical Genetics Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy;
| | | | - Dalia Kasperaviciute
- Genomics England Ltd., Dawson Hall, Charterhouse Square, Barbican, London EC1M 6BQ, UK; (A.A.); (D.D.); (D.K.); (M.L.); (A.P.); (A.R.); (A.S.); (A.T.-L.); (R.H.S.)
| | - Mathilde Leblond
- Genomics England Ltd., Dawson Hall, Charterhouse Square, Barbican, London EC1M 6BQ, UK; (A.A.); (D.D.); (D.K.); (M.L.); (A.P.); (A.R.); (A.S.); (A.T.-L.); (R.H.S.)
| | - Amanda Pichini
- Genomics England Ltd., Dawson Hall, Charterhouse Square, Barbican, London EC1M 6BQ, UK; (A.A.); (D.D.); (D.K.); (M.L.); (A.P.); (A.R.); (A.S.); (A.T.-L.); (R.H.S.)
| | - Augusto Rendon
- Genomics England Ltd., Dawson Hall, Charterhouse Square, Barbican, London EC1M 6BQ, UK; (A.A.); (D.D.); (D.K.); (M.L.); (A.P.); (A.R.); (A.S.); (A.T.-L.); (R.H.S.)
| | - Aditi Satija
- Genomics England Ltd., Dawson Hall, Charterhouse Square, Barbican, London EC1M 6BQ, UK; (A.A.); (D.D.); (D.K.); (M.L.); (A.P.); (A.R.); (A.S.); (A.T.-L.); (R.H.S.)
| | - Alice Tuff-Lacey
- Genomics England Ltd., Dawson Hall, Charterhouse Square, Barbican, London EC1M 6BQ, UK; (A.A.); (D.D.); (D.K.); (M.L.); (A.P.); (A.R.); (A.S.); (A.T.-L.); (R.H.S.)
| | - Richard H. Scott
- Genomics England Ltd., Dawson Hall, Charterhouse Square, Barbican, London EC1M 6BQ, UK; (A.A.); (D.D.); (D.K.); (M.L.); (A.P.); (A.R.); (A.S.); (A.T.-L.); (R.H.S.)
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Pichini A, Ahmed A, Patch C, Bick D, Leblond M, Kasperaviciute D, Deen D, Wilde S, Garcia Noriega S, Matoko C, Tuff-Lacey A, Wigley C, Scott RH. Developing a National Newborn Genomes Program: An Approach Driven by Ethics, Engagement and Co-design. Front Genet 2022; 13:866168. [PMID: 35711926 PMCID: PMC9195613 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.866168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The transformative potential of whole genome sequencing (WGS) as a diagnostic tool in healthcare has been demonstrated by initiatives including the 100,000 Genomes Project and is now offered to certain patients in the National Health Service (NHS) in England. Building on these foundations, the utility of WGS in the newborn period can now be explored. Genomics England is working in partnership with NHS England and NHS Improvement and other healthcare, patient and public interest groups to design a research program embedded in the NHS to explore the potential challenges and implications of offering WGS in all newborns. The program will aim to: 1) evaluate the feasibility, utility and impact on the NHS of screening for childhood-onset rare actionable genetic conditions; 2) understand how, with consent, genomic and healthcare data could be used to enable research to develop new diagnostics and treatments; and 3) explore the implications of storing an individual's genome for use over their lifetime. Recognizing the important practical, scientific and ethical questions that we must explore in dialogue with the public and experts, we are taking a collaborative, evidence-based and ethically deliberate approach to designing the program. An iterative co-design process including a nationwide public dialogue has identified emergent themes and ethical considerations which are the focus of the program's design. These themes will be further developed through continued engagement with healthcare professionals, researchers, ethics experts, patient groups and the public, with an ongoing commitment to embedding ongoing ethics research and co-design into the delivery of the program.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Christine Patch
- Genomics England, London, United Kingdom.,Engagement and Society, Wellcome Connecting Science, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, United Kingdom
| | - David Bick
- Genomics England, London, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Dasha Deen
- Genomics England, London, United Kingdom
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Cochran M, East K, Greve V, Kelly M, Kelley W, Moore T, Myers RM, Odom K, Schroeder MC, Bick D. A study of elective genome sequencing and pharmacogenetic testing in an unselected population. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2021; 9:e1766. [PMID: 34313030 PMCID: PMC8457704 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.1766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genome sequencing (GS) of individuals without a medical indication, known as elective GS, is now available at a number of centers around the United States. Here we report the results of elective GS and pharmacogenetic panel testing in 52 individuals at a private genomics clinic in Alabama. METHODS Individuals seeking elective genomic testing and pharmacogenetic testing were recruited through a private genomics clinic in Huntsville, AL. Individuals underwent clinical genome sequencing with a separate pharmacogenetic testing panel. RESULTS Six participants (11.5%) had pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants that may explain one or more aspects of their medical history. Ten participants (19%) had variants that altered the risk of disease in the future, including two individuals with clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential. Forty-four participants (85%) were carriers of a recessive or X-linked disorder. All individuals with pharmacogenetic testing had variants that affected current and/or future medications. CONCLUSION Our study highlights the importance of collecting detailed phenotype information to interpret results in elective GS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meagan Cochran
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, Alabama, USA
| | - Kelly East
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, Alabama, USA
| | - Veronica Greve
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, Alabama, USA
| | - Melissa Kelly
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, Alabama, USA
| | - Whitley Kelley
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, Alabama, USA
| | - Troy Moore
- Kailos Genetics, Huntsville, Alabama, USA
| | - Richard M Myers
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, Alabama, USA
| | - Katherine Odom
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, Alabama, USA
| | - Molly C Schroeder
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - David Bick
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, Alabama, USA
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Rehder C, Bean LJH, Bick D, Chao E, Chung W, Das S, O'Daniel J, Rehm H, Shashi V, Vincent LM. Next-generation sequencing for constitutional variants in the clinical laboratory, 2021 revision: a technical standard of the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG). Genet Med 2021; 23:1399-1415. [PMID: 33927380 DOI: 10.1038/s41436-021-01139-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies are now established in clinical laboratories as a primary testing modality in genomic medicine. These technologies have reduced the cost of large-scale sequencing by several orders of magnitude. It is now cost-effective to analyze an individual with disease-targeted gene panels, exome sequencing, or genome sequencing to assist in the diagnosis of a wide array of clinical scenarios. While clinical validation and use of NGS in many settings is established, there are continuing challenges as technologies and the associated informatics evolve. To assist clinical laboratories with the validation of NGS methods and platforms, the ongoing monitoring of NGS testing to ensure quality results, and the interpretation and reporting of variants found using these technologies, the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG) has developed the following technical standards.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lora J H Bean
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - David Bick
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL, USA
| | - Elizabeth Chao
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Wendy Chung
- Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Soma Das
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Julianne O'Daniel
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Heidi Rehm
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Vandana Shashi
- Department of Pediatrics, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Lisa M Vincent
- Division of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC, USA.,Departments of Pathology and Pediatrics, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
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12
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Giles HH, Hegde MR, Lyon E, Stanley CM, Kerr ID, Garlapow ME, Eggington JM. The Science and Art of Clinical Genetic Variant Classification and Its Impact on Test Accuracy. Annu Rev Genomics Hum Genet 2021; 22:285-307. [PMID: 33900788 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-genom-121620-082709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Clinical genetic variant classification science is a growing subspecialty of clinical genetics and genomics. The field's continued improvement is essential for the success of precision medicine in both germline (hereditary) and somatic (oncology) contexts. This review focuses on variant classification for DNA next-generation sequencing tests. We first summarize current limitations in variant discovery and definition, and then describe the current five- and four-tier classification systems outlined in dominant standards and guideline publications for germline and somatic tests, respectively. We then discuss measures of variant classification discordance and the field's bias for positive results, as well as considerations for panel size and population screening in the context of estimates of positive predictive value thatincorporate estimated variant classification imperfections. Finally, we share opinions on the current state of variant classification from some of the authors of the most widely used standards and guideline publications and from other domain experts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hunter H Giles
- Center for Genomic Interpretation, Sandy, Utah 84092, USA; , ,
| | - Madhuri R Hegde
- PerkinElmer Genomics, Waltham, Massachusetts 02450, USA; .,Department of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA
| | - Elaine Lyon
- HudsonAlpha Clinical Services Lab, Huntsville, Alabama 35806, USA;
| | - Christine M Stanley
- C2i Genomics, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.,Variantyx, Framingham, Massachusetts 01701, USA;
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13
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Schwartz MLB, Buchanan AH, Hallquist MLG, Haggerty CM, Sturm AC. Genetic counseling for patients with positive genomic screening results: Considerations for when the genetic test comes first. J Genet Couns 2021; 30:634-644. [PMID: 33786929 DOI: 10.1002/jgc4.1386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Emerging genetic testing delivery models have enabled individuals to receive testing without a medical indication. This article will highlight key considerations for patient care in the setting of adult patients with positive results for monogenic disease identified through genomic screening. Suggestions for how to adapt genetic counseling to a genomic screening population will encompass topics such as phenotyping, risk assessments, and the use of existing guidelines and resources. Case examples will demonstrate principles of genotype-first patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Christopher M Haggerty
- The Heart Institute, Geisinger, Danville, PA, USA.,Department of Translational Data Science and Informatics, Geisinger, Danville, PA, USA
| | - Amy C Sturm
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Geisinger, Danville, PA, USA
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14
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Bean LJH, Scheuner MT, Murray MF, Biesecker LG, Green RC, Monaghan KG, Palomaki GE, Sharp RR, Trotter TL, Watson MS, Powell CM. DNA-based screening and personal health: a points to consider statement for individuals and health-care providers from the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG). Genet Med 2021; 23:979-988. [PMID: 33790423 DOI: 10.1038/s41436-020-01083-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lora J H Bean
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Maren T Scheuner
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, and Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Clinical Genetics Program, San Francisco VA Health Care System, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Michael F Murray
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Leslie G Biesecker
- Medical Genomics and Metabolic Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Robert C Green
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Glenn E Palomaki
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.,Women and Infants Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | | | - Tracy L Trotter
- San Ramon Valley Primary Care Medical Group, San Ramon, CA, USA
| | | | - Cynthia M Powell
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Division of Genetics and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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15
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DNA-based screening and population health: a points to consider statement for programs and sponsoring organizations from the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG). Genet Med 2021; 23:989-995. [PMID: 33727704 DOI: 10.1038/s41436-020-01082-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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