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Li Q, Zhang Y, Jin P, Chen Y, Zhang C, Geng X, Mun KS, Phang KC. New insights into the potential of exosomal circular RNAs in mediating cancer chemotherapy resistance and their clinical applications. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 177:117027. [PMID: 38925018 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.117027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy resistance typically leads to tumour recurrence and is a major obstacle to cancer treatment. Increasing numbers of circular RNAs (circRNAs) have been confirmed to be abnormally expressed in various tumours, where they participate in the malignant progression of tumours, and play important roles in regulating the sensitivity of tumours to chemotherapy drugs. As exosomes mediate intercellular communication, they are rich in circRNAs and exhibit a specific RNA cargo sorting mechanism. By carrying and delivering circRNAs, exosomes can promote the efflux of chemotherapeutic drugs and reduce intracellular drug concentrations in recipient cells, thus affecting the cell cycle, apoptosis, autophagy, angiogenesis, invasion and migration. The mechanisms that affect the phenotype of tumour stem cells, epithelial-mesenchymal transformation and DNA damage repair also mediate chemotherapy resistance in many tumours. Exosomal circRNAs are diagnostic biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets for reversing chemotherapy resistance in tumours. Currently, the rise of new fields, such as machine learning and artificial intelligence, and new technologies such as biosensors, multimolecular diagnostic systems and platforms based on circRNAs, as well as the application of exosome-based vaccines, has provided novel ideas for precision cancer treatment. In this review, the recent progress in understanding how exosomal circRNAs mediate tumour chemotherapy resistance is reviewed, and the potential of exosomal circRNAs in tumour diagnosis, treatment and immune regulation is discussed, providing new ideas for inhibiting tumour chemotherapy resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Li
- School of Medicine, Taizhou University, Taizhou, Zhejiang 318000, China; Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Yuhao Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated to Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, China
| | - Peikan Jin
- School of Medicine, Taizhou University, Taizhou, Zhejiang 318000, China
| | - Yepeng Chen
- School of Medicine, Taizhou University, Taizhou, Zhejiang 318000, China
| | - Chuchu Zhang
- School of Medicine, Taizhou University, Taizhou, Zhejiang 318000, China
| | - Xiuchao Geng
- School of Medicine, Taizhou University, Taizhou, Zhejiang 318000, China.
| | - Kein Seong Mun
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia.
| | - Kean Chang Phang
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia.
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2
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Fekry B, Ugartemendia L, Esnaola NF, Goetzl L. Extracellular Vesicles, Circadian Rhythms, and Cancer: A Comprehensive Review with Emphasis on Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:2552. [PMID: 39061191 PMCID: PMC11274441 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16142552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2024] [Revised: 07/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
This review comprehensively explores the complex interplay between extracellular vesicles (ECVs)/exosomes and circadian rhythms, with a focus on the role of this interaction in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Exosomes are nanovesicles derived from cells that facilitate intercellular communication by transporting bioactive molecules such as proteins, lipids, and RNA/DNA species. ECVs are implicated in a range of diseases, where they play crucial roles in signaling between cells and their surrounding environment. In the setting of cancer, ECVs are known to influence cancer initiation and progression. The scope of this review extends to all cancer types, synthesizing existing knowledge on the various roles of ECVs. A unique aspect of this review is the emphasis on the circadian-controlled release and composition of exosomes, highlighting their potential as biomarkers for early cancer detection and monitoring metastasis. We also discuss how circadian rhythms affect multiple cancer-related pathways, proposing that disruptions in the circadian clock can alter tumor development and treatment response. Additionally, this review delves into the influence of circadian clock components on ECV biogenesis and their impact on reshaping the tumor microenvironment, a key component driving HCC progression. Finally, we address the potential clinical applications of ECVs, particularly their use as diagnostic tools and drug delivery vehicles, while considering the challenges associated with clinical implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baharan Fekry
- McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (L.U.); (L.G.)
| | - Lierni Ugartemendia
- McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (L.U.); (L.G.)
| | - Nestor F. Esnaola
- Division of Surgical Oncology and Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
| | - Laura Goetzl
- McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (L.U.); (L.G.)
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3
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Wang R, Xu Y, Tong L, Zhang X, Zhang S. Recent progress of exosomal lncRNA/circRNA-miRNA-mRNA axis in lung cancer: implication for clinical application. Front Mol Biosci 2024; 11:1417306. [PMID: 39021878 PMCID: PMC11251945 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2024.1417306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of death among malignant tumors in the world. High lung cancer mortality rate is due to most of patients diagnosed at advanced stage. The Liquid biopsy of lung cancer have received recent interest for early diagnosis. One of the components of liquid biopsy is the exosome. The exosome cargos non-coding-RNAs, especially long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), circular RNAs (circRNAs), and microRNAs (miRNAs). The lung cancer derived exosomal non-coding RNAs play the pivotal roles of lung cancer in carcinogenesis, diagnosis, therapy, drug resistance and prognosis of lung cancer. Given ceRNA (competitive endogenous RNA) mechanism, lncRNA or circRNA can act as ceRNA to compete to bind miRNAs and alter the expression of the targeted mRNA, contributing to the development and progression of lung cancer. The current research progress of the roles of the exosomal non-coding-RNAs and the interplay of ceRNAs and miRNAs in mediated lung cancer is illustrated in this article. Hence, we presented an experimentally validated lung cancer derived exosomal non-coding RNAs-regulated target gene axis from already existed evidence in lung cancer. Then LncRNA/circRNA-miRNA-mRNA axis may be a potential target for lung cancer treatment and has great potential in the diagnosis and prognosis of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ren Wang
- Guangzhou Institute of Cancer Research, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yiwei Xu
- Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Liangjing Tong
- GMU-GIBH Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- GMU-GIBH Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Sheng Zhang
- Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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4
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Zhand S, Liao J, Castorina A, Yuen ML, Ebrahimi Warkiani M, Cheng YY. Small Extracellular Vesicle-Derived Circular RNA hsa_circ_0007386 as a Biomarker for the Diagnosis of Pleural Mesothelioma. Cells 2024; 13:1037. [PMID: 38920665 PMCID: PMC11201843 DOI: 10.3390/cells13121037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Pleural mesothelioma (PM) is a highly aggressive tumor that is caused by asbestos exposure and lacks effective therapeutic regimens. Current procedures for PM diagnosis are invasive and can take a long time to reach a definitive result. Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) have been identified as important communicators between tumor cells and their microenvironment via their cargo including circular RNAs (circRNAs). CircRNAs are thermodynamically stable, highly conserved, and have been found to be dysregulated in cancer. This study aimed to identify potential biomarkers for PM diagnosis by investigating the expression of specific circRNA gene pattern (hsa_circ_0007386) in cells and sEVs using digital polymerase chain reaction (dPCR). For this reason, 5 PM, 14 non-PM, and one normal mesothelial cell line were cultured. The sEV was isolated from the cells using the gold standard ultracentrifuge method. The RNA was extracted from both cells and sEVs, cDNA was synthesized, and dPCR was run. Results showed that hsa_circ_0007386 was significantly overexpressed in PM cell lines and sEVs compared to non-PM and normal mesothelial cell lines (p < 0.0001). The upregulation of hsa_circ_0007386 in PM highlights its potential as a diagnostic biomarker. This study underscores the importance and potential of circRNAs and sEVs as cancer diagnostic tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sareh Zhand
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Jiayan Liao
- Institute for Biomedical Materials and Devices, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Alessandro Castorina
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience (LCMN), School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Man-Lee Yuen
- Institute for Biomedical Materials and Devices, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Majid Ebrahimi Warkiani
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
- Institute for Biomedical Materials and Devices, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Yuen-Yee Cheng
- Institute for Biomedical Materials and Devices, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
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Kahkesh S, Khoshnazar SM, Gholinezhad Y, Esmailzadeh S, Hosseini SA, Alimohammadi M, Mafi A. The potential role of circular RNAs -regulated PI3K signaling in non-small cell lung cancer: Molecular insights and clinical perspective. Pathol Res Pract 2024; 257:155316. [PMID: 38692125 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2024.155316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), accounting for more than 80% of all cases, is the predominant form of lung cancer and the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Significant progress has been made in diagnostic techniques, surgical interventions, chemotherapy protocols, and targeted therapies at the molecular level, leading to enhanced treatment outcomes in patients with NSCLC. Extensive evidence supports the use of circular RNAs (circRNAs), a specific category of naturally occurring non-coding small RNAs (ncRNAs), for the diagnosis, monitoring of treatment efficacy, and assessment of survival in NSCLC. CircRNAs have been identified to play significant roles in various aspects of cancer formation, either as tumor suppressors or tumor promoters, contributing to cancer development through several signaling pathways, including the phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3Ks) pathway. This pathway is well-established because of its regulatory role in essential cellular processes. CircRNAs regulate the PI3K/AKT pathway by targeting diverse cellular elements. This review aims to provide insight into the involvement of several circRNAs linked to the PI3K/AKT pathway in NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samaneh Kahkesh
- Faculty of Science, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Seyedeh Mahdieh Khoshnazar
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology Sciences, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Yasaman Gholinezhad
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shakiba Esmailzadeh
- School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Ali Hosseini
- Student Research Committee, Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mina Alimohammadi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Alireza Mafi
- Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran; Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
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Cao Y, Liu X, Liu J, Su Z, Liu W, Yang L, Zhang L. Diagnostic value of exosomal noncoding RNA in lung cancer: a meta-analysis. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1357248. [PMID: 38694786 PMCID: PMC11061461 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1357248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Lung cancer is one of the most dangerous cancers in the world. Most lung cancer patients are diagnosed in the middle and later stages, which can lead to poor survival rates. The development of lung cancer is often accompanied by abnormal expression of exosomal non-coding RNAs, which means that they have the potential to serve as noninvasive novel molecular markers for lung cancer diagnosis. Methods For this study, we conducted a comprehensive literature search in PubMed, Web of science, Science direct, Embase, Cochrane, and Medline databases, and by reviewing published literature, The diagnostic capacity of exosomal microRNAs (miRNAs), long-chain non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), and circular RNAs (circRNAs) for lung cancer was evaluated. Functional enrichment analysis of miRNA target genes was performed. Results The study included 41 papers, a total of 68 studies. More than 60 miRNAs, 9 lncRNAs and 14 circRNAs were involved. The combined sensitivity and specificity were 0.83(95%CI, 0.80~0.86) and 0.83(95% CI,0.79~0.87); 0.71(95% CI,0.68~0.74) and 0.79(95%CI, 0.75~0.82); 0.79(95%CI,0.67~0.87) and 0.81(95%CI,0.74~0.86), and constructed overall subject operating characteristic curves with the summarized area under the curve values of 0.90, 0.82, and 0.86. Conclusion Our study shows that exosomes miRNAs, lncRNAs and circRNAs are effective in the diagnosis of lung cancer, providing evidence for studies related to novel lung cancer diagnostic markers. Systematic review registration https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, identifier CRD42023457087.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxuan Cao
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, Hebei Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xinbo Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jiayi Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, Hebei Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Ziyi Su
- Undergraduate of College of Basic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Wenxuan Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, Hebei Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Lei Yang
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, Hebei Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Liwen Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, Hebei Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
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Riondino S, Rosenfeld R, Formica V, Morelli C, Parisi G, Torino F, Mariotti S, Roselli M. Effectiveness of Immunotherapy in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients with a Diagnosis of COPD: Is This a Hidden Prognosticator for Survival and a Risk Factor for Immune-Related Adverse Events? Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:1251. [PMID: 38610929 PMCID: PMC11011072 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16071251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The interplay between the immune system and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is complex and multifaceted. In COPD, chronic inflammation and oxidative stress can lead to immune dysfunction that can exacerbate lung damage, further worsening the respiratory symptoms. In NSCLC, immune cells can recognise and attack the cancer cells, which, however, can evade or suppress the immune response by various mechanisms, such as expressing immune checkpoint proteins or secreting immunosuppressive cytokines, thus creating an immunosuppressive tumour microenvironment that promotes cancer progression and metastasis. The interaction between COPD and NSCLC further complicates the immune response. In patients with both diseases, COPD can impair the immune response against cancer cells by reducing or suppressing the activity of immune cells, or altering their cytokine profile. Moreover, anti-cancer treatments can also affect the immune system and worsen COPD symptoms by causing lung inflammation and fibrosis. Immunotherapy itself can also cause immune-related adverse events that could worsen the respiratory symptoms in patients with COPD-compromised lungs. In the present review, we tried to understand the interplay between the two pathologies and how the efficacy of immunotherapy in NSCLC patients with COPD is affected in these patients.
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Babayev M, Silveyra P. Role of circular RNAs in lung cancer. Front Genet 2024; 15:1346119. [PMID: 38501058 PMCID: PMC10944888 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2024.1346119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer remains a global public health concern with significant research focus on developing better diagnosis/prognosis biomarkers and therapeutical targets. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a type of single-stranded RNA molecules that covalently closed and have ubiquitous expression. These molecules have been implicated in a variety of disease mechanisms, including lung cancer, as they exhibit oncogenic or tumor suppressor characteristics. Recent research has shown an important role that circRNAs play at different stages of lung cancer, particularly in lung adenocarcinoma. In this review, we summarize the latest research on circRNAs and their roles within lung cancer diagnosis, as well as on disease mechanisms. We also discuss the knowledge gaps on these topics and possible future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Patricia Silveyra
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Indiana University School of Public Health Bloomington, Bloomington, IN, United States
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9
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Qian X, Meng QH. Circulating lung cancer biomarkers: From translational research to clinical practice. Tumour Biol 2024; 46:S27-S33. [PMID: 37927289 DOI: 10.3233/tub-230012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Fundamental studies on biomarkers as well as developed assays for their detection can provide valuable information facilitating clinical decisions. For patients with lung cancer, there are established circulating biomarkers such as serum progastrin-releasing peptide (ProGRP), neuron-specific enolase (NSE), squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCC-Ag), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), and cytokeratin-19 fragment (CYFRA21-1). There are also molecular biomarkers for targeted therapy such as epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene, anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) gene, KRAS gene, and BRAF gene. However, there is still an unmet need for biomarkers that can be used for early detection and predict treatment response and survival. In this review, we describe the lung cancer biomarkers that are currently being used in clinical practice. We also discuss emerging preclinical and clinical studies on new biomarkers such as omics-based biomarkers for their potential clinical use to detect, predict, or monitor subtypes of lung cancer. Additionally, between-method differences in tumor markers warrant further development and improvement of the standardization and harmonization for each assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Qian
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou Institute of Medicine, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qing-He Meng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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10
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Zhang Y, Chao F, Lv L, Li M, Shen Z. Hsa_circ_0041150 serves as a novel biomarker for monitoring chemotherapy resistance in small cell lung cancer patients treated with a first-line chemotherapy regimen. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2023; 149:15365-15382. [PMID: 37639013 PMCID: PMC10620281 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-023-05317-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To explore the potential of circRNAs as biomarkers in non-invasive body fluids for monitoring chemotherapy resistance in SCLC patients. METHODS CircRNAs were screened and characterized using transcriptome sequencing, Sanger sequencing, actinomycin D treatment, and Ribonuclease R assay. Our study involved 174 participants, and serum samples were collected from all chemotherapy-resistant patients (n = 54) at two time points: stable disease and progressive disease. We isolated and identified serum extracellular vesicles (EVs) from the patients using ultracentrifugation, transmission electron microscopy, nanoflow cytometry, and western blotting analysis. The expression levels of serum and serum EVs circRNAs were determined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The impact of circRNA on the function of SCLC cells was assessed through various assays, including proliferation assay, scratch assay, transwell assay, and cisplatin resistance assay. RESULTS Hsa_circ_0041150 was found to be upregulated in chemoresistant SCLC cells and played a role in promoting proliferation, invasion, migration, and cisplatin resistance. Furthermore, the expression levels of hsa_circ_0041150 in serum and serum EVs increased when SCLC patients developed resistance after a first-line chemotherapy regimen. When combined with NSE, the monitoring sensitivity (70.37%) and specificity (81.48%) for chemotherapy resistance significantly improved. Moreover, the expression level of hsa_circ_0041150 showed significant associations with time to progression from SD to PD, and high hsa_circ_0041150 levels after drug resistance were more likely to cause chemotherapy resistance. Additionally, hsa_circ_0041150 demonstrated valuable potential in monitoring the progression from initial diagnosis to chemotherapy resistance in SCLC patients. CONCLUSION Thus, EVs hsa_circ_0041150 holds promise as a biomarker for monitoring chemotherapy resistance in SCLC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhang
- Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230001, Anhui, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230031, Anhui, China
- Core Unit of National Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Fengmei Chao
- Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Department of Cancer Epigenetics Program, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230001, Anhui, China
| | - Lihua Lv
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230031, Anhui, China
- Core Unit of National Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Ming Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230031, Anhui, China.
- Core Unit of National Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, Hefei, China.
| | - Zuojun Shen
- Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.
- The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230001, Anhui, China.
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230031, Anhui, China.
- Core Unit of National Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, Hefei, China.
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Zhang W, Zhou B, Yang X, Zhao J, Hu J, Ding Y, Zhan S, Yang Y, Chen J, Zhang F, Zhao B, Deng F, Lin Z, Sun Q, Zhang F, Yao Z, Liu W, Li C, Liu KX. Exosomal circEZH2_005, an intestinal injury biomarker, alleviates intestinal ischemia/reperfusion injury by mediating Gprc5a signaling. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5437. [PMID: 37673874 PMCID: PMC10482849 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41147-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Intestinal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is a severe clinical condition without optimal diagnostic markers nor clear molecular etiological insights. Plasma exosomal circular RNAs (circRNAs) are valuable biomarkers and therapeutic targets for various diseases, but their role in intestinal I/R injury remains unknown. Here we screen the expression profile of circRNAs in intestinal tissue exosomes collected from intestinal I/R mice and identify circEZH2_005 as a significantly downregulated exosomal circRNA. In parallel, circEZH2_005 is also reduced in the plasma of clinical cardiac surgery patients who developed postoperative intestinal I/R injury. Exosomal circEZH2_005 displays a significant diagnostic value for intestinal injury induced by I/R. Mechanistically, circEZH2_005 is highly expressed in intestinal crypt cells. CircEZH2_005 upregulation promotes the proliferation of Lgr5+ stem cells by direct interaction with hnRNPA1, and enhanced Gprc5a stability, thereby alleviating I/R-induced intestinal mucosal damage. Hence, exosomal circEZH2_005 may serve as a biomarker for intestinal I/R injury and targeting the circEZH2_005/hnRNPA1/Gprc5a axis may be a potential therapeutic strategy for intestinal I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjuan Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 1838 Guangzhou Avenue North, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Bowei Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 1838 Guangzhou Avenue North, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Xiao Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 1838 Guangzhou Avenue North, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Jin Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 1838 Guangzhou Avenue North, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Jingjuan Hu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 1838 Guangzhou Avenue North, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Yuqi Ding
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 1838 Guangzhou Avenue North, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Shuteng Zhan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 1838 Guangzhou Avenue North, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Yifeng Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 1838 Guangzhou Avenue North, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Jun Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 1838 Guangzhou Avenue North, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Fu Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 1838 Guangzhou Avenue North, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Bingcheng Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 1838 Guangzhou Avenue North, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Fan Deng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 1838 Guangzhou Avenue North, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Zebin Lin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 1838 Guangzhou Avenue North, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Qishun Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 1838 Guangzhou Avenue North, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Fangling Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 1838 Guangzhou Avenue North, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Zhiwen Yao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 1838 Guangzhou Avenue North, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Weifeng Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 1838 Guangzhou Avenue North, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Cai Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 1838 Guangzhou Avenue North, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
| | - Ke-Xuan Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 1838 Guangzhou Avenue North, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
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12
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Li Y, Ye J, Xu S, Wang J. Circulating noncoding RNAs: promising biomarkers in liquid biopsy for the diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy of NSCLC. Discov Oncol 2023; 14:142. [PMID: 37526759 PMCID: PMC10393935 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-023-00686-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023] Open
Abstract
As the second most common malignant tumor in the world, lung cancer is a great threat to human health. In the past several decades, the role and mechanism of ncRNAs in lung cancer as a class of regulatory RNAs have been studied intensively. In particular, ncRNAs in body fluids have attracted increasing attention as biomarkers for lung cancer diagnosis and prognosis and for the evaluation of lung cancer treatment due to their low invasiveness and accessibility. As emerging tumor biomarkers in lung cancer, circulating ncRNAs are easy to obtain, independent of tissue specimens, and can well reflect the occurrence and progression of tumors due to their correlation with some biological processes in tumors. Circulating ncRNAs have a very high potential to serve as biomarkers and hold promise for the development of ncRNA-based therapeutics. In the current study, there has been extensive evidence that circulating ncRNA has clinical significance and value as a biomarker. In this review, we summarize how ncRNAs are generated and enter the circulation, remaining stable for subsequent detection. The feasibility of circulating ncRNAs as biomarkers in the diagnosis and prognosis of non-small cell lung cancer is also summarized. In the current systematic treatment of non-small cell lung cancer, circulating ncRNAs can also predict drug resistance, adverse reactions, and other events in targeted therapy, chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and radiotherapy and have promising potential to guide the systematic treatment of non-small cell lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilin Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110002, China
| | - Jun Ye
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110002, China
| | - Shun Xu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110002, China.
| | - Jiajun Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110002, China.
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13
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Yi Q, Yue J, Liu Y, Shi H, Sun W, Feng J, Sun W. Recent advances of exosomal circRNAs in cancer and their potential clinical applications. J Transl Med 2023; 21:516. [PMID: 37525158 PMCID: PMC10388565 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04348-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Circular RNA (circRNA) is a type of non-coding RNA that forms a covalently closed, uninterrupted loop. The expression of circRNA differs among cell types and tissues, and various circRNAs are aberrantly expressed in a variety of diseases, including cancer. Aberrantly expressed circRNAs contribute to disease progression by acting as microRNA sponges, functional protein sponges, or novel templates for protein translation. Recent studies have shown that circRNAs are enriched in exosomes. Exosomes are spherical bilayer vesicles released by cells into extracellular spaces that mediate intercellular communication by delivering cargoes. These cargoes include metabolites, proteins, lipids, and RNA molecules. Exosome-mediated cell-cell or cell-microenvironment communications influence the progression of carcinogenesis by regulating cell proliferation, angiogenesis, metastasis as well as immune escape. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge about exosomal circRNAs in cancers and discuss their specific functions in tumorigenesis. Additionally, we discuss the potential value of exosomal circRNAs as diagnostic biomarkers and the potential applications of exosomal circRNA-based cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Yi
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Jiaji Yue
- Department of Bone Joint and Bone Oncology, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518035, Guangdong, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Bone Joint and Bone Oncology, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518035, Guangdong, China
| | - Houyin Shi
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Wei Sun
- Department of Bone Joint and Bone Oncology, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518035, Guangdong, China
| | - Jianguo Feng
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China.
| | - Weichao Sun
- Department of Bone Joint and Bone Oncology, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518035, Guangdong, China.
- The Central Laboratory, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518035, Guangdong, China.
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14
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Lin Z, Ji Y, Zhou J, Li G, Wu Y, Liu W, Li Z, Liu T. Exosomal circRNAs in cancer: Implications for therapy resistance and biomarkers. Cancer Lett 2023; 566:216245. [PMID: 37247772 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2023.216245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Despite the advances in cancer treatment in recent years, the development of resistance to cancer therapy remains the biggest hurdle towards curative cancer treatments. Therefore, investigating the molecular mechanisms underlying cancer therapy resistance is of paramount clinical importance. Circular RNAs (circRNAs), novel members of the noncoding RNA family, are endogenous biomolecules in eukaryotes characterized by a covalently closed loop structure with multiple biological functions. Significantly, circRNAs are abundant and stable in exosomes and can be packaged, secreted and transferred to targeted tumour cells, thereby modulating diverse hallmarks of cancer behaviours, such as proliferation, migration, and immune escape. Notably, a great number of exosomal circRNAs are abnormally expressed during cancer treatment and can mediate cancer therapy resistance through complex mechanisms; therefore, targeting exosomal circRNAs is a promising therapeutic method to reverse therapy resistance. This review aimed to elucidate the mechanisms underlying exosomal circRNAs controlling the resistance of cancer to common therapies, such as chemotherapy, targeted therapy, immunotherapy and radiotherapy, and we also discussed the therapeutic potential of exosomal circRNAs as clinical biomarkers and novel targets in cancer clinical management. We also discussed the prospects and challenges of targeting exosomal circRNAs as a novel therapeutic strategy for reversing cancer therapy resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengjun Lin
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, People's Republic of China; Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yuqiao Ji
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, People's Republic of China; Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoqing Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, People's Republic of China; Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanlin Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, People's Republic of China; Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Weifeng Liu
- Department of Orthopaedic Oncology Surgery, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, 100035, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhihong Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Tang Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, People's Republic of China.
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15
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Kuang F, Wang B, You T, Liu Y, Li P, Wang J. CIRC_0001818 TARGETS MIR-136-5P TO INCREASE LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE-INDUCED HK2 CELL INJURIES BY ACTIVATING TXNIP/NLRP3 INFLAMMASOME PATHWAY. Shock 2023; 60:110-120. [PMID: 37154070 DOI: 10.1097/shk.0000000000002140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Background: The implication of circular RNAs (circRNAs) in sepsis-related complications arouses much attention, which provides additional treatment options for sepsis-related complications. The purpose of this study is to unveil the function and functional mechanism of circ_0001818 in cell models of septic acute kidney injury (AKI). Methods: Septic AKI cell models were constructed using HK2 cells treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The expression levels of circ_0001818, miR-136-5p, and thioredoxin interacting protein (TXNIP) mRNA were examined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Cell viability and death were explored by CCK-8 and flow cytometry assays. The activity of oxidative stress-related markers was examined using commercial kits. The secretion of inflammatory factors was examined using ELISA kits. The binding between miR-136-5p and circ_0001818 or TXNIP was validated by dual-luciferase reporter test and pull-down assay. The receiver operating characteristic curve was depicted to assess the diagnostic value of circ_0001818, miR-136-5p, and TXNIP in serumal exosomes from patients with septic AKI. Results: Circ_0001818 expression was elevated in LPS-treated HK2 cells. Loss-of-function assays displayed that circ_0001818 downregulation alleviated LPS-induced HK2 cell death, oxidative stress, inflammatory release, and inflammasome activation. MiR-136-5p was targeted by circ_0001818, and inhibition of miR-136-5p attenuated the effects of circ_0001818 downregulation, thus recovering LPS-induced HK2 cell injuries. MiR-136-5p targeted the downstream TXNIP, and circ_0001818 dysregulation could affect TXNIP expression via targeting miR-136-5p. Overexpression of TXNIP overturned the effects of circ_0001818 downregulation. Moreover, circ_0001818, miR-136-5p, and TXNIP in serumal exosomes had diagnostic values. Conclusions: Circ_0001818 targets miR-136-5p to activate TXNIP expression, leading to the contribution of LPS-induced HK2 cell injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Kuang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Department of Emergency, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China
| | - Baiqi Wang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Department of Radiation Oncology, Hengyang Medical School University of South China
| | - Ting You
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Department of Emergency, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China
| | - Yu Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Department of Emergency, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China
| | - Pei Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China
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Zhang F, Jiang J, Qian H, Yan Y, Xu W. Exosomal circRNA: emerging insights into cancer progression and clinical application potential. J Hematol Oncol 2023; 16:67. [PMID: 37365670 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-023-01452-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Exosomal circRNA serves a novel genetic information molecule, facilitating communication between tumor cells and microenvironmental cells, such as immune cells, fibroblasts, and other components, thereby regulating critical aspects of cancer progression including immune escape, tumor angiogenesis, metabolism, drug resistance, proliferation and metastasis. Interestingly, microenvironment cells have new findings in influencing tumor progression and immune escape mediated by the release of exosomal circRNA. Given the intrinsic stability, abundance, and broad distribution of exosomal circRNAs, they represent excellent diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for liquid biopsy. Moreover, artificially synthesized circRNAs may open up new possibilities for cancer therapy, potentially bolstered by nanoparticles or plant exosome delivery strategies. In this review, we summarize the functions and underlying mechanisms of tumor cell and non-tumor cell-derived exosomal circRNAs in cancer progression, with a special focus on their roles in tumor immunity and metabolism. Finally, we examine the potential application of exosomal circRNAs as diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets, highlighting their promise for clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Zhang
- Aoyang Institute of Cancer, Affiliated Aoyang Hospital of Jiangsu University, 279 Jingang Road, Zhangjiagang, Suzhou, 215600, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- Zhenjiang Key Laboratory of High Technology Research on sEVs Foundation and Transformation Application, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiajia Jiang
- Aoyang Institute of Cancer, Affiliated Aoyang Hospital of Jiangsu University, 279 Jingang Road, Zhangjiagang, Suzhou, 215600, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- Zhenjiang Key Laboratory of High Technology Research on sEVs Foundation and Transformation Application, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Qian
- Zhenjiang Key Laboratory of High Technology Research on sEVs Foundation and Transformation Application, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongmin Yan
- Aoyang Institute of Cancer, Affiliated Aoyang Hospital of Jiangsu University, 279 Jingang Road, Zhangjiagang, Suzhou, 215600, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Wujin Hospital Affiliated with Jiangsu University, No. 2 North Yongning Road, Changzhou, 213017, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wenrong Xu
- Aoyang Institute of Cancer, Affiliated Aoyang Hospital of Jiangsu University, 279 Jingang Road, Zhangjiagang, Suzhou, 215600, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
- Zhenjiang Key Laboratory of High Technology Research on sEVs Foundation and Transformation Application, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
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Yuan X, Mao Y, Ou S. Diagnostic accuracy of circulating exosomal circRNAs in malignances: A meta-analysis and systematic review. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e33872. [PMID: 37233410 PMCID: PMC10219741 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000033872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pathogenesis of malignant tumors are often accompanied by aberrant expression of circular RNAs (circRNAs), indicating the potential diagnostic value of circRNAs in tumors. CircRNAs have been found to be enriched, stable and ubiquitous in serum and plasma exosomes. The study aims at evaluating the diagnostic performance of circulating (plasma and serum) exosomal circRNA in different types of cancer by synthesis of published data. METHODS A comprehensive literature search was conducted in PubMed, Embase, Medline and the Web of Science databases to identify potentially eligible studies published before April 2021. We conducted the meta-analysis following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses recommendations. RESULTS Eleven articles comprising 21 studies were included, and a total of 1609 cases and 1498 controls were evaluated. Six types of cancer were involved in these studies, including lung cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, colorectal cancer, gastric cancer, multiple myeloma and osteosarcoma. The pooled sensitivity and specificity were 0.72 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.62-0.81) and 0.83 (95% CI, 0.78-0.88), respectively. Summary receiver operating characteristic curve was constructed and the pooled value of area under curve was 0.86 (95% CI, 0.83-0.89), indicating a favorable diagnostic efficacy of circulating exosomal circRNAs in malignancies. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, our study evaluated the diagnostic power of circulating exosomal circRNAs in 6 types of cancer by synthesis of published data comprising 21 studies from eleven articles. The pooled analysis provided the evidence supporting circulating exosomal circRNAs as a promising noninvasive diagnostic biomarkers for malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Yuan
- Gastroenterology and Urology Department Ⅱ, Hunan Cancer Hospital/the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, P.R. China
- Clinical Research Center For Gastrointestinal Cancer In Hunan Province, Changsha, P.R. China
| | - Ye Mao
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, P.R. China
| | - Shuangyan Ou
- Gastroenterology and Urology Department Ⅱ, Hunan Cancer Hospital/the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, P.R. China
- Clinical Research Center For Gastrointestinal Cancer In Hunan Province, Changsha, P.R. China
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Ren XD, Su N, Sun XG, Li WM, Li J, Li BW, Li RX, Lv J, Xu QY, Kong WL, Huang Q. Advances in liquid biopsy-based markers in NSCLC. Adv Clin Chem 2023; 114:109-150. [PMID: 37268331 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acc.2023.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Lung cancer is the second most-frequently occurring cancer and the leading cause of cancer-associated deaths worldwide. Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), the most common type of lung cancer is often diagnosed in middle or advanced stages and have poor prognosis. Diagnosis of disease at an early stage is a key factor for improving prognosis and reducing mortality, whereas, the currently used diagnostic tools are not sufficiently sensitive for early-stage NSCLC. The emergence of liquid biopsy has ushered in a new era of diagnosis and management of cancers, including NSCLC, since analysis of circulating tumor-derived components, such as cell-free DNA (cfDNA), circulating tumor cells (CTCs), cell-free RNAs (cfRNAs), exosomes, tumor-educated platelets (TEPs), proteins, and metabolites in blood or other biofluids can enable early cancer detection, treatment selection, therapy monitoring and prognosis assessment. There have been great advances in liquid biopsy of NSCLC in the past few years. Hence, this chapter introduces the latest advances on the clinical application of cfDNA, CTCs, cfRNAs and exosomes, with a particular focus on their application as early markers in the diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Dong Ren
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Ning Su
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Xian-Ge Sun
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Wen-Man Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Jin Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Bo-Wen Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Ruo-Xu Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Jing Lv
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Qian-Ying Xu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Wei-Long Kong
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Qing Huang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China.
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Sun Y, He P, Li L, Ding X. The significance of the crosstalk between ubiquitination or deubiquitination and ncRNAs in non-small cell lung cancer. Front Oncol 2023; 12:969032. [PMID: 36727069 PMCID: PMC9884829 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.969032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer (LC) remains the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide, with extremely high morbidity and mortality rates. Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most critical type of LC. It seriously threatens the life and health of patients because of its early metastasis, late clinical symptoms, limited early screening methods, and poor treatment outcomes. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), including microRNAs (miRNAs), long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), and circular RNAs (circRNAs), participate in cell proliferation, metastasis, and chemoresistance. Several previous studies have proven that ncRNAs are vital regulators of tumorigenesis. Ubiquitination plays the most crucial role in protein post-translational modification (PTM). Deubiquitination and ubiquitination form a homeostasis. In summary, ubiquitination and deubiquitination play essential roles in mediating the degradation or overexpression of a range of crucial proteins in various cancers. A growing number of researchers have found that interactions between ncRNAs and ubiquitination (or deubiquitination) play a crucial role in NSCLC. This review presents several typical examples of the important effects of ncRNAs and ubiquitination (or deubiquitination) in NSCLC, aiming to provide more creative ideas for exploring the diagnosis and treatment of NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyang Sun
- Department of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ping He
- Department of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China,*Correspondence: Ping He,
| | - Li Li
- Department of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xue Ding
- General Medicine Department, Dalian Friendship Hospital, Dalian, China
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20
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Yang J, Yang C, Li P. circ-IARS depletion inhibits the progression of non-small-cell lung cancer by circ-IARS/miR-1252-5p/HDGF ceRNA pathway. Open Med (Wars) 2023; 18:20220613. [PMID: 36694627 PMCID: PMC9835196 DOI: 10.1515/med-2022-0613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aims to explore the role and mechanism of circ-IARS in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) progression. Expression of circ-IARS, microRNA (miR)-1252-5p, and hepatoma-derived growth factor (HDGF) was measured by real-time quantitative PCR and western blotting. The interactions among circ-IARS, miR-1252-5p, and HDGF were determined by dual-luciferase reporter assay and RNA immunoprecipitation. Cell behaviors were measured by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT), 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EdU) assay, flow cytometry, scratch wound assay, and transwell assay, and validated in in vivo xenograft model. Exosomes were isolated using commercial kit, and the expression and functions of exosomal circ-IARS (exo-circ-IARS) were analyzed as described above. Results showed that the expression of circ-IARS was upregulated in NSCLC cells, NSCLC tissues, and serum exosomes from NSCLC patients. circ-IARS exhaustion antagonized cell proliferation, cell cycle progression, migration, and invasion and promoted apoptosis in NSCLC. Molecularly, circ-IARS could sponge miR-1252-5p to modulate the expression of the downstream gene HDGF. In addition, miR-1252-5p downregulation attenuated circ-IARS exhaustion-mediated effects in H1299 and A549 cells. MiR-1252-5p mimic-induced effects were relieved by increasing HDGF expression in H1299 and A549 cells. Exo-circ-IARS promoted H460 cell proliferation, migration, and invasion and inhibited cell apoptosis. Silencing circ-IARS retarded tumor growth of NSCLC cells in vivo. Thus, circ-IARS, secreted by exosomes, was a novel oncogene in NSCLC and regulated the malignant development of NSCLC cells via circ-IARS/miR-1252-5p/HDGF competing endogenous RNA regulatory axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhua Yang
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Zigong First People’s Hospital, No. 178, Tongda South Street, Ziliujing District, Zigong, Sichuan, China
| | - Chunping Yang
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Zigong First People’s Hospital, Zigong, Sichuan, China
| | - Ping Li
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Zigong First People’s Hospital, Zigong, Sichuan, China
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Hussen BM, Abdullah SR, Hama Faraj GS, Rasul MF, Salihi A, Ghafouri-Fard S, Taheri M, Mokhtari M. Exosomal circular RNA: a signature for lung cancer progression. Cancer Cell Int 2022; 22:378. [PMID: 36457039 PMCID: PMC9714134 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-022-02793-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Membrane vesicles having a diameter of 30-150 nm are known as exosomes. Several cancer types secrete exosomes, which may contain proteins, circular RNAs (circRNAs), microRNAs, or DNA. CircRNAs are endogenous RNAs that do not code for proteins and can create continuous and covalently closed loops. In cancer pathogenesis, especially metastasis, exosomal circRNAs (exo-circRNAs) have a crucial role mainly due to the frequently aberrant expression levels within tumors. However, neither the activities nor the regulatory mechanisms of exo-circRNAs in advancing lung cancer (LC) are obvious. A better understanding of the regulation and network connections of exo-circRNAs will lead to better treatment for LCs. The main objective of the current review is to highlight the functions and mechanisms of exo-circRNAs in LC and assess the relationships between exo-circRNA dysregulation and LC progression. In addition, underline the possible therapeutic targets based on exo-circRNA modulating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bashdar Mahmud Hussen
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Hawler Medical University, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
- Medical Laboratory Science, Lebanese French University, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | - Snur Rasool Abdullah
- Medical Laboratory Science, Lebanese French University, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | - Goran Sedeeq Hama Faraj
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Komar University of Science and Technology, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq
| | - Mohammed Fatih Rasul
- Department of Pharmaceutical Basic Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tishk International University, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | - Abbas Salihi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Salahaddin University-Erbil, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cihan University-Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Erbil, 44001, Iraq
| | - Soudeh Ghafouri-Fard
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Taheri
- Urology and Nephrology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Institute of Human Genetics, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany.
| | - Majid Mokhtari
- Tracheal Diseases Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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22
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Zhang XP, Pei JP, Zhang CD, Yusupu M, Han MH, Dai DQ. Exosomal circRNAs: A key factor of tumor angiogenesis and therapeutic intervention. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 156:113921. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
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Diao X, Guo C, Li S. Lymphatic metastasis in non-small cell lung cancer: recent discoveries and novel therapeutic targets. CANCER COMMUNICATIONS (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2022; 42:1403-1406. [PMID: 36353797 PMCID: PMC9759757 DOI: 10.1002/cac2.12378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiayao Diao
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryPeking Union Medical College HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing100730P. R. China
| | - Chao Guo
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryPeking Union Medical College HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing100730P. R. China
| | - Shanqing Li
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryPeking Union Medical College HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing100730P. R. China
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Identification of exosomal circRNA CD226 as a potent driver of nonsmall cell lung cancer through miR-1224-3p/high mobility group AT-hook 2 axis. Anticancer Drugs 2022; 33:1126-1138. [PMID: 35946568 DOI: 10.1097/cad.0000000000001357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are crucial for the pathogenesis of nonsmall lung cancer (NSCLC). Here, we set out to unravel the precise function of circRNA CD226 (circCD226) in NSCLC pathogenesis. The exosomes from serum specimens were observed by transmission electron microscopy. CircCD226, miR-1224-3p and high mobility group AT-hook 2 (HMGA2) were quantified by qRT-PCR, western blot and immunohistochemistry. Actinomycin D and Ribonuclease (RNase) R treatments and subcellular localization assay were used for circCD226 characterization. Cell viability, proliferation, migration, invasion and sphere formation abilities were gauged by CCK-8, EDU, wound-healing, transwell and sphere formation assays, respectively. Directed relationships among circCD226, miR-1224-3p and HMGA2 were examined by RNA pull-down, dual-luciferase reporter and RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) assays. The abundance of circCD226 was elevated in serum exosomes, tissues and cells of NSCLC. NSCLC serum exosomes enhanced NSCLC cell proliferation, migration, invasion and stemness. Loss of circCD226 impeded cell proliferation, migration, invasion and stemness in vitro, as well as tumor growth in vivo. Mechanistically, circCD226 sponged miR-1224-3p, and miR-1224-3p targeted HMGA2. CircCD226 involved the posttranscriptional regulation of HMGA2 through miR-1224-3p. Moreover, the miR-1224-3p/HMGA2 axis was identified as a functionally downstream effector of circCD226 in regulating NSCLC cell behaviors. Our study identifies circCD226 as a potential driver in NSCLC development depending on the regulation of miR-1224-3p/HMGA2 axis.
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25
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Zhang Y, Yang X, Zhuang Z, Wei M, Meng W, Deng X, Wang Z. The diagnostic value of exosomal circular RNAs in cancer patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Cancer Med 2022; 12:1709-1720. [PMID: 35879835 PMCID: PMC9883561 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.5012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recently, serum exosomal circular RNAs (circRNAs) were applied to discriminate cancer patients from healthy individuals, indicating that exosomal circRNAs have the potential to be novel biomarkers for cancer diagnosis. This study aims to summarize the role of exosomal circRNAs in cancer diagnosis by a meta-analysis. METHODS A comprehensive literature search was conducted up to July 2021 in PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, and Cochrane Database. To evaluate the diagnostic value, the sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio (PLR), negative likelihood ratio (NLR), diagnostic odds ratio (DOR), and area under the curve (AUC) were pooled. Threshold effect followed by subgroup analysis and meta-regression were performed to explore the source of heterogeneity. Sensitivity analysis was performed to assess the stability of this meta-analysis model. Fagan plots and likelihood ratio scattergrams were used to explore the potential clinical significance. RESULTS Ten eligible studies with 514 controls and 557 patients were included in this diagnostic meta-analysis. The pooled sensitivity, specificity, PLR, NLR, and DOR were 0.75 (95% CI: 0.65-0.83), 0.84 (95% CI, 0.78-0.89), 5.87 (95% CI, 3.67-9.38), 0.28 (95% CI, 0.19-0.40), and 21.15 (95% CI, 10.25-43.68), respectively. The AUC was 0.89 (95% CI, 0.86-0.91). Sensitivity analysis showed that four studies had an impact on the pooled results and mainly contributed to the heterogeneity. Fagan's nomogram revealed that the prior probability of 20%, the post probability positive, the post probability negative were 59% and 6%, respectively. CONCLUSION Our results suggested that exosomal circRNAs might serve as powerful biomarkers in detecting cancers with high sensitivity and specificity. However, more well-designed and multicenter diagnostic tests are needed to validate our results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuan ProvinceChina
| | - Xuyang Yang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuan ProvinceChina
| | - Zixuan Zhuang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuan ProvinceChina
| | - Mingtian Wei
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuan ProvinceChina
| | - Wenjian Meng
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuan ProvinceChina
| | - Xiangbing Deng
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuan ProvinceChina
| | - Ziqiang Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuan ProvinceChina
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26
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Li X, Gao Y, Liu J, Xujian Q, Luo Q, Huang Z, Li J. Validation of Serotransferrin in the Serum as Candidate Biomarkers for the Diagnosis of Pulmonary Tuberculosis by Label-Free LC/MS. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:24174-24183. [PMID: 35874208 PMCID: PMC9301696 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c00837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to identify secreted protein biomarkers in serum from the label-free LC/MS proteomics of neutrophils in pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) patients for the diagnosis biomarkers of TB label-free LC/MS. The proteomic profiles of neutrophils from 15 active TB patients and 15 healthy controls (HCs) were analyzed using label-free LC/MS. We identified 358 differentially expressed proteins preliminarily, including 279 up-regulated proteins and 79 down-regulated proteins. Thirty-eight differentially expressed secreted proteins involved in the progress of platelet degranulation between TB patients and HCs were focused. Of these, serotransferrin (TRF), alpha-2-macroglobulin (AMG), alpha-1-antitrypsin (AAT), alpha-1-acid glycoprotein 1 (AAG), alpha-1-acid glycoprotein 2 (AGP2), and alpha-1B-glycoprotein (A1BG) were selected for further verification in the serum of additional 134 TB patients and 138 HCs by nephelometry and ELISA in the training set. Statistically significant differences of TRF (P < 0.0001), AAT (P < 0.0001), AAG (P < 0.0001), AGP2 (P < 0.0001), and A1BG (P = 0.0003) were observed. The serum concentration of TRF was down-regulated in TB patients compared with healthy controls, which was coincident with the proteomics results. An additional validation of TRF was performed in an independent cohort of patients with active TB (n = 46), patients with lung cancer (n = 37), 20 HCs, and patients with pneumonia (n = 35) in the test set by nephelometry. The serum expression levels of TRF in the TB patients showed lower levels compared with those in patients with pneumonia (P = 0.0125), lung cancer (P = 0.0005), HCs (P < 0.0001), and the non-TB controls (P < 0.0001). Furthermore, the AUC value of TRF was 0.647 with 90.22% sensitivity and 42.86% specificity in discriminating the TB group from the pneumonia group, 0.702 with 93.48% sensitivity and 47.16% specificity in discriminating the TB group from the lung cancer group, 0.894 with 91.30% sensitivity and 71.62% specificity in discriminating the TB group from all HCs, and 0.792 with 91.30% sensitivity and 58.90% specificity in discriminating the TB group from the non-TB controls. This study obtained the proteomic profiles of neutrophils in the TB patients and HCs, which contribute to a better understanding of the pathogenesis molecules existing in the neutrophils of pulmonary tuberculosis and provide candidate biomarkers for the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Li
- Department
of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated
Hospital of Nanchang University; Institute of Infection and Immunity,
Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China
| | - Yujie Gao
- Department
of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated
Hospital of Nanchang University; Institute of Infection and Immunity,
Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Department
of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated
Hospital of Nanchang University; Institute of Infection and Immunity,
Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China
| | - Qing Xujian
- Department
of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated
Hospital of Nanchang University; Institute of Infection and Immunity,
Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China
| | - Qing Luo
- Department
of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated
Hospital of Nanchang University; Institute of Infection and Immunity,
Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China
| | - Zikun Huang
- Department
of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated
Hospital of Nanchang University; Institute of Infection and Immunity,
Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China
| | - Junming Li
- Department
of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated
Hospital of Nanchang University; Institute of Infection and Immunity,
Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China
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27
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CircRNAs in lung cancer- role and clinical application. Cancer Lett 2022; 544:215810. [PMID: 35780929 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2022.215810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Lung cancer holds the highest mortality rate among malignancies worldwide. Nevertheless, the potential molecular mechanisms of its tumorigenesis and evolution remain obscure. Circular RNAs (circRNAs), a broad category of covalently closed molecules, follow a malignancy-restricted expression pattern. Leading-edge studies have demonstrated the clinical application prospects of circRNAs in lung cancer. Herein, this review elucidates the biogenesis, biological functions, and pathophysiology of circRNAs. Furthermore, we underscore the forefront of the diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic potential of circRNAs in lung cancer as well as discuss the bottleneck that needs to be overcome to translate the basic advances of circRNAs into clinical practice.
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28
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Paskeh MDA, Entezari M, Mirzaei S, Zabolian A, Saleki H, Naghdi MJ, Sabet S, Khoshbakht MA, Hashemi M, Hushmandi K, Sethi G, Zarrabi A, Kumar AP, Tan SC, Papadakis M, Alexiou A, Islam MA, Mostafavi E, Ashrafizadeh M. Emerging role of exosomes in cancer progression and tumor microenvironment remodeling. J Hematol Oncol 2022; 15:83. [PMID: 35765040 PMCID: PMC9238168 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-022-01305-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 192] [Impact Index Per Article: 96.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide, and the factors responsible for its progression need to be elucidated. Exosomes are structures with an average size of 100 nm that can transport proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. This review focuses on the role of exosomes in cancer progression and therapy. We discuss how exosomes are able to modulate components of the tumor microenvironment and influence proliferation and migration rates of cancer cells. We also highlight that, depending on their cargo, exosomes can suppress or promote tumor cell progression and can enhance or reduce cancer cell response to radio- and chemo-therapies. In addition, we describe how exosomes can trigger chronic inflammation and lead to immune evasion and tumor progression by focusing on their ability to transfer non-coding RNAs between cells and modulate other molecular signaling pathways such as PTEN and PI3K/Akt in cancer. Subsequently, we discuss the use of exosomes as carriers of anti-tumor agents and genetic tools to control cancer progression. We then discuss the role of tumor-derived exosomes in carcinogenesis. Finally, we devote a section to the study of exosomes as diagnostic and prognostic tools in clinical courses that is important for the treatment of cancer patients. This review provides a comprehensive understanding of the role of exosomes in cancer therapy, focusing on their therapeutic value in cancer progression and remodeling of the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahshid Deldar Abad Paskeh
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.,Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maliheh Entezari
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.,Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sepideh Mirzaei
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Zabolian
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Saleki
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohamad Javad Naghdi
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sina Sabet
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Amin Khoshbakht
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Hashemi
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.,Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kiavash Hushmandi
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Gautam Sethi
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117600, Singapore.,NUS Centre for Cancer Research (N2CR), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597, Singapore
| | - Ali Zarrabi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Istinye University, 34396, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Alan Prem Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117600, Singapore.,NUS Centre for Cancer Research (N2CR), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597, Singapore
| | - Shing Cheng Tan
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Marios Papadakis
- Department of Surgery II, University Hospital Witten-Herdecke, University of Witten-Herdecke, Heusnerstrasse 40, 42283, Wuppertal, Germany.
| | - Athanasios Alexiou
- Department of Science and Engineering, Novel Global Community Educational Foundation, Hebersham, Australia.,AFNP Med Austria, Vienna, Austria
| | - Md Asiful Islam
- Department of Haematology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia.,Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Ebrahim Mostafavi
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.,Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Milad Ashrafizadeh
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Orta Mahalle, Üniversite Caddesi No. 27, Orhanlı, Tuzla, Istanbul, Turkey.
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29
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Kang Y, You J, Gan Y, Chen Q, Huang C, Chen F, Xu X, Chen L. Serum and Serum Exosomal CircRNAs hsa_circ_0001492, hsa_circ_0001439, and hsa_circ_0000896 as Diagnostic Biomarkers for Lung Adenocarcinoma. Front Oncol 2022; 12:912246. [PMID: 35747792 PMCID: PMC9209657 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.912246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundCircular RNAs (circRNAs) play an important role in tumorigenesis and several circulating circRNA signatures are closely associated with tumor diagnosis. However, the expression and clinical significance of the two forms of circulating circRNAs, serum and serum exosomal, in patients with lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD), have not been characterized.MethodsThree differentially expressed exosomal circRNAs, hsa_circ_0001492, hsa_circ_0001439, and hsa_circ_0000896, were selected based on previous exosomal circRNA sequencing data analyses of LUAD patients. The expression of these circRNAs in serum and serum-derived exosomes of LUAD patients was assessed using quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR), and correlations between circRNA expression and clinicopathological characteristics were analyzed. The reliability of serum and serum exosomal hsa_circ_0001492, hsa_circ_0001439, and hsa_circ_0000896 to diagnose LUAD was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis.ResultsExpression of serum and serum exosomal hsa_circ_0001492, hsa_circ_0001439, and hsa_circ_0000896 were significantly higher in LUAD patients than in healthy donors, and significantly lower after surgery. These three serum exosomal circRNAs were also associated with a higher cancer stage. Exosomal hsa_circ_0001492 expression was positively correlated with carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and neuron-specific enolase (NSE) levels. An association between the expression of the three serum circRNAs and clinical characteristics was not observed. In addition, the three serum exosomal circRNAs had higher diagnostic sensitivity and specificity than the serum circRNAs, and the area under the curve (AUC) of all three serum exosomal circRNAs was >0.75. The combination of exosomal hsa_circ_0001492, hsa_circ_0001439, and hsa_circ_0000896 had better diagnostic sensitivity and specificity than that of a single marker, with an AUC value of 0.805.ConclusionsThe serum and serum exosomal circRNAs, hsa_circ_0001492, hsa_circ_0001439, and hsa_circ_0000896, were upregulated in LUAD patients. Serum exosomal circRNAs may serve as more effective biomarkers than serum circRNAs for LUAD diagnosis and may further aid the detection of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanli Kang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Fujian Provincial hospital, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jianbin You
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Fujian Provincial hospital, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yuhan Gan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Fujian Provincial hospital, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Qianshun Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Fujian Provincial hospital, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Chen Huang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Fujian Provincial hospital, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Falin Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Fujian Provincial hospital, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Falin Chen, ; Xunyu Xu, ; Liangyuan Chen,
| | - Xunyu Xu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Fujian Provincial hospital, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Falin Chen, ; Xunyu Xu, ; Liangyuan Chen,
| | - Liangyuan Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Fujian Provincial hospital, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Falin Chen, ; Xunyu Xu, ; Liangyuan Chen,
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30
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Choi SS, Kim SE, Oh SY, Ahn YH. Clinical Implications of Circulating Circular RNAs in Lung Cancer. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10040871. [PMID: 35453621 PMCID: PMC9028053 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10040871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are single-stranded RNAs with a covalently closed-loop structure that increases their stability; thus, they are more advantageous to use as liquid biopsy markers than linear RNAs. circRNAs are thought to be generated by back-splicing of pre-mRNA transcripts, which can be facilitated by reverse complementary sequences in the flanking introns and trans-acting factors, such as splicing regulatory factors and RNA-binding factors. circRNAs function as miRNA sponges, interact with target proteins, regulate the stability and translatability of other mRNAs, regulate gene expression, and produce microproteins. circRNAs are also found in the body fluids of cancer patients, including plasma, saliva, urine, and cerebrospinal fluid, and these “circulating circRNAs” can be used as cancer biomarkers. In lung cancer, some circulating circRNAs have been reported to regulate cancer progression and drug resistance. Circulating circRNAs have significant diagnostic value and are associated with the prognosis of lung cancer patients. Owing to their functional versatility, heightened stability, and practical applicability, circulating circRNAs represent promising biomarkers for lung cancer diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sae Seul Choi
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 07804, Korea; (S.S.C.); (S.E.K.)
| | - Sae Eun Kim
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 07804, Korea; (S.S.C.); (S.E.K.)
| | - Seon Young Oh
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 07804, Korea;
- Inflammation-Cancer Microenvironment Research Center, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 07804, Korea
| | - Young-Ho Ahn
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 07804, Korea; (S.S.C.); (S.E.K.)
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 07804, Korea;
- Inflammation-Cancer Microenvironment Research Center, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 07804, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-6986-6268
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31
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Xiao Y, Gu S, Yao W, Qin L, Luo J. Circ_0047921 acts as the sponge of miR-1287-5p to stimulate lung cancer progression by regulating proliferation, migration, invasion, and glycolysis of lung cancer cells. World J Surg Oncol 2022; 20:108. [PMID: 35365169 PMCID: PMC8976346 DOI: 10.1186/s12957-021-02466-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Lung cancer is a common respiratory system disease caused by multiple factors. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) play vital roles in tumorigenesis, including lung cancer. This study aimed to clarify the role and underlying molecular mechanisms of circ_0047921 in lung cancer. Methods Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was used to assess the expression levels of circ_0047921, La-related protein 1 (LARP1), and miR-1287-5p. Cell proliferation was analyzed by CCK-8 and EdU assays. Transwell assay was used to assess migration and invasion. Western blot assay was employed to quantify protein expression. Glycolysis ability of cell was determined by measuring glucose consumption and lactate production with matched kits. The relationship between miR-1287-5p and circ_0047921 or LARP1 was confirmed by dual-luciferase reporter assay. In addition, a xenograft model was established to clarify the functional role of circ_0047921 in vivo. Results Circ_0047921 was highly expressed in lung cancer tissues and cells. Circ_0047921 downregulation repressed proliferation, migration, invasion, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and glycolysis in lung cancer cells. Circ_0047921 targeted miR-1287-5p to deplete miR-1287-5p expression. The effects caused by circ_0047921 downregulation were reversed by miR-1287-5p inhibition. In addition, LARP1 was a target of miR-1287-5p, and circ_0047921 could directly interact with miR-1287-5p to increase the expression of LARP1. The effects caused by circ_0047921 downregulation were also reversed by LARP1 overexpression. Circ_0047921 silencing impeded the growth of tumor in vivo. Conclusion Circ_0047921 was overexpressed in lung cancer, and circ_0047921 targeted miR-1287-5p to modulate LARP1 expression, thereby facilitating the development of lung cancer. Trial registration The present study was approved by the ethical review committee of The First People’s Hospital of Chenzhou, Southern Medical University with reference no. 20210106. 1. Circ_0047921 was upregulated in lung cancer tissues and cells. 2. Circ_0047921/miR-1287-5p/LARP1 axis played a key role in proliferation, migration, invasion, EMT and glycolysis of lung cancer cells. 3. Circ_0047921 regulated LARP1 by sponging miR-1287-5p in lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuehua Xiao
- The First General Surgery Department of Carcinoma, The First People's Hospital of Chenzhou, Southern Medical University, Chenzhou, Hunan, China
| | - Shequn Gu
- The First Department of Medical Oncology, The First People's Hospital of Chenzhou, Southern Medical University, Chenzhou, Hunan, China.
| | - Wenxiu Yao
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, The Cancer Hospital of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ling Qin
- The First Department of Medical Oncology, The First People's Hospital of Chenzhou, Southern Medical University, Chenzhou, Hunan, China
| | - Jihui Luo
- The Second General Surgery Department of Carcinoma, The First People's Hospital of Chenzhou, Southern Medical University, Chenzhou, 423000, Hunan, China
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32
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Emerging function and clinical significance of extracellular vesicle noncoding RNAs in lung cancer. Mol Ther Oncolytics 2022; 24:814-833. [PMID: 35317517 PMCID: PMC8908047 DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2022.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer (LC) is a commonly diagnosed cancer with an unsatisfactory prognosis. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are lipid bilayer-delimited particles that mediate cell-cell communication by transporting various biomacromolecules, such as nucleic acids, proteins, and lipids. Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs), including microRNAs, circular RNAs, and long noncoding RNAs, are important noncoding transcripts that play critical roles in a variety of physiological and pathological processes, especially in cancer. ncRNAs have been verified to be packaged into EVs and transported between LC cells and stromal cells, regulating multiple LC malignant phenotypes, such as proliferation, migration, invasion, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, metastasis, and treatment resistance. Additionally, EVs can be detected in various body fluids and are associated with the stage, grade, and metastasis of LC. Herein, we summarize the biological characteristics and functions of EV ncRNAs in the biological processes of LC, focusing on their potential to serve as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers of LC as well as their probable role in the clinical treatment of LC. EV ncRNAs provide a new perspective for understanding the mechanism underlying LC pathogenesis and development, which might benefit numerous LC patients in the future.
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33
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Hu M, Li J, Liu CG, Goh RMWJ, Yu F, Ma Z, Wang L. Noncoding RNAs of Extracellular Vesicles in Tumor Angiogenesis: From Biological Functions to Clinical Significance. Cells 2022; 11:cells11060947. [PMID: 35326397 PMCID: PMC8946542 DOI: 10.3390/cells11060947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) act as multifunctional regulators of intercellular communication and are involved in diverse tumor phenotypes, including tumor angiogenesis, which is a highly regulated multi-step process for the formation of new blood vessels that contribute to tumor proliferation. EVs induce malignant transformation of distinct cells by transferring DNAs, proteins, lipids, and RNAs, including noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs). However, the functional relevance of EV-derived ncRNAs in tumor angiogenesis remains to be elucidated. In this review, we summarized current research progress on the biological functions and underlying mechanisms of EV-derived ncRNAs in tumor angiogenesis in various cancers. In addition, we comprehensively discussed the potential applications of EV-derived ncRNAs as cancer biomarkers and novel therapeutic targets to tailor anti-angiogenic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Hu
- School of Basic Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, China; (M.H.); (C.-G.L.)
| | - Juan Li
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China;
| | - Chen-Guang Liu
- School of Basic Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, China; (M.H.); (C.-G.L.)
| | | | - Fenggang Yu
- Institute of Life Science, Yinfeng Biological Group, Jinan 250000, China;
| | - Zhaowu Ma
- School of Basic Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, China; (M.H.); (C.-G.L.)
- Correspondence: (Z.M.); (L.W.); Tel.: +86-15972188216 (Z.M.); +65-65168925 (L.W.)
| | - Lingzhi Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117600, Singapore
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore
- NUS Centre for Cancer Research, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore
- Correspondence: (Z.M.); (L.W.); Tel.: +86-15972188216 (Z.M.); +65-65168925 (L.W.)
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Liu Y, Ao X, Yu W, Zhang Y, Wang J. Biogenesis, functions, and clinical implications of circular RNAs in non-small cell lung cancer. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2022; 27:50-72. [PMID: 34938606 PMCID: PMC8645422 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2021.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Lung cancer (LC) is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide, with high morbidity and mortality. Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a major pathological type of LC and accounts for more than 80% of all cases. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a large class of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) with covalently closed-loop structures, a high abundance, and tissue-specific expression patterns. They participate in various pathophysiological processes by regulating complex gene networks involved in proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), as well as metastasis. A growing number of studies have revealed that the dysregulation of circRNAs contributes to many aspects of cancer progression, such as its occurrence, metastasis, and recurrence, suggesting their great potential as efficient and specific biomarkers in the diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutic targeting of NSCLC. In this review, we systematically elucidate the characteristics, biogenesis, and functions of circRNAs and focus on their molecular mechanisms in NSCLC progression. Moreover, we highlight their clinical implications in NSCLC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Liu
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China.,School of Basic Medical Sciences, Qingdao Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Xiang Ao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Qingdao Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Wanpeng Yu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Qingdao Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China
| | - Jianxun Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Qingdao Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
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Lv C, Hu Y, Zhou X, Zhu Y, Wang J, Zhou F. CircRNA SOD2 motivates non-small cell lungs cancer advancement with EMT via acting as microRNA-2355-5p’s competing endogenous RNA to mediate calmodulin regulated spectrin associated proteins-2. Bioengineered 2022; 13:5756-5768. [PMID: 35188072 PMCID: PMC8974208 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.2024331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are closely linked with human cancer development such as non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, the characteristics and specific functions of most circRNAs in NSCLC remained unknown. Previous studies have suggested that circRNA SOD2 (CircSOD2) expression was upregulated in a number of cancers. This study aimed to explore the functions of circSOD2 in NSCLC advancement with epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Expression profile analysis of circSOD2, miR-2355-5p, and calmodulin-regulated spectrin-associated protein 2 (CAMSAP2) was detected by real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). Transwell assay, cell migration assay, CCK8, ELISA, RIP assay, RNA pull-down assay, and Western blot analysis were performed to evaluate the functions of circSOD2, miR-2355-5p, and CAMSAP2. We found elevated expression of circSOD2 and CAMSAP2 while reduced expression of miR-2355-5p in NSCLC tumor tissues. Silencing or overexpression of CircSOD2 resulted in increased or decreased expression of miR-2355-5p, respectively. Mechanically, we showed that silencing of CircSOD2 and overexpression of miR-2355-5p resulted in the reduced rate of NSCLC cell proliferation. Inhibition of miR-2355-5p reversed the changes induced via silencing of CircSOD2. MiR-2355-5p binds to the CircSOD2 promoter and triggered its stimulation, which further activated circSOD2 expression. CircSOD2 suppression impaired lung cancer cell growth, cell migration, prohibited cell cycle progression, and in vivo tumor growth by targeting miR-2355-5p expression in NSCLC tissues. Meanwhile, increased expression of CAMSAP2 reversed the changes stimulated by the elevated level of miR-2355-5p in NSCLC progression. This innovative signaling axis CircSOD2/miR-2355-5p/CAMSAP2 illustrated the new horizon to investigate NSCLC tumorigenesis and provided new prognosis and treatment of NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changsheng Lv
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian City, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Yiying Hu
- Department of Neuroelectrophysiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian City, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Xin Zhou
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian City, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Yuntao Zhu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian City, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Jin Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian City, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Fachen Zhou
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian City, Liaoning Province, China
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Huang Y, Qin S, Gu X, Zheng M, Zhang Q, Liu Y, Cheng C, Huang K, Peng C, Ju S. Comprehensive Assessment of Serum hsa_circ_0070354 as a Novel Diagnostic and Predictive Biomarker in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer. Front Genet 2022; 12:796776. [PMID: 35096013 PMCID: PMC8793632 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.796776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: More and more studies have shown that circular RNAs (circRNAs) play an essential role in the occurrence and development of tumors. Hence, they can be used as biomarkers to assist in diagnosing tumors. This study focuses on exploring the role of circular RNA (hsa_circ_0070354) in the diagnosis and prognosis of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Materials and Methods: First of all, high-throughput sequencing was used to find the difference in the expression of circular RNA between NSCLC and adjacent tissues. The circRNAs with higher differences in expression were selected to verify their expressions in tissues, cells, and serum using qRT-PCR. Secondly, the hsa_circ_0070354 with a significant difference was chosen as the research goal, and the molecular properties were verified by agarose gel electrophoresis and Sanger sequencing, etc. Then, actinomycin D and repeated freeze-thaw were used to explore the stability and repeatability of hsa_circ_0070354. Finally, the expression of hsa_circ_0070354 in serum of 133 patients with NSCLC and 97 normal donors was detected, and its sensitivity, specificity, and prognosis as tumor markers were statistically analyzed. Results: Hsa_circ_0070354 was highly expressed in tissues, cells, and serum of NSCLC, and it has the characteristics of sensitivity, stability, and repeatability. The ROC curve indicates that hsa_circ_0070354 is superior to conventional tumor markers in detecting NSCLC, and the combined diagnosis is of more significance in the diagnosis. The high expression of hsa_circ_0070354 is closely related to the late-stage, poor differentiation of the tumor and the short survival time of the patients, which is an independent indicator of poor prognosis. Conclusion: Hsa_circ_0070354 is not only a novel sensitive index for the diagnosis of NSCLC but also a crucial marker for bad biological behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuejiao Huang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China.,Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Shiyi Qin
- Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, China.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Xinliang Gu
- Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, China.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Ming Zheng
- Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, China.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, China.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Yupeng Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Chun Cheng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Kaibin Huang
- Department of General Surgery, Nantong Haimen People's Hospital, Nantong, China
| | - Chunlei Peng
- Department of Medical Oncology, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Shaoqing Ju
- Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, China.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
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Li J, Zhang G, Liu CG, Xiang X, Le MT, Sethi G, Wang L, Goh BC, Ma Z. The potential role of exosomal circRNAs in the tumor microenvironment: insights into cancer diagnosis and therapy. Am J Cancer Res 2022; 12:87-104. [PMID: 34987636 PMCID: PMC8690929 DOI: 10.7150/thno.64096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are multifunctional regulators of intercellular communication by carrying various messages under both physiological and pathological status of cancer patients. Accumulating studies have identified the presence of circular RNAs (circRNAs) in exosomes with crucial regulatory roles in diverse pathophysiological processes. Exosomal circRNAs derived from donor cells can modulate crosstalk with recipient cells locally or remotely to enhance cancer development and propagation, and play crucial roles in the tumor microenvironment (TME), leading to significant enhancement of tumor immunity, metabolism, angiogenesis, drug resistance, epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT), invasion and metastasis. In this review, we describe the advances of exosomal circRNAs and their roles in modulating cancer hallmarks, especially those in the TME. Moreover, clinical application potential of exosomal circRNAs in cancer diagnosis and therapy are highlighted, bridging the gap between basic knowledge and clinical practice.
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Molibeli KM, Hu R, Liu Y, Xiong D, Tang L. Potential Clinical Applications of Exosomal Circular RNAs: More than Diagnosis. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:769832. [PMID: 34901159 PMCID: PMC8652074 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.769832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are small vesicles derived from cells used as cell-to-cell communication goods in numerous diseases including tumorigenesis, neurological diseases, cardiovascular diseases and other diseases. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are an innovative constituent of non-coding endogenous RNAs generated through backsplicing, catalyzed by RNA polymerase Ⅱ. These non-coding RNAs have been suggested to control gene expression through miRNA sponging, RNA-binding protein regulation and translational capabilities. Genome-wide RNA sequence analyses observed that circRNAs were stably improved in exosomes in association to parental cells. Little attention has been dedicated to exosomal circRNAs (exo-circRNAs). However, research has demonstrated that exo-circRNAs may have important regulatory functions because of their stability in cells and within exosomes. If well understood, the precise roles and mechanisms of exo-circRNAs might surge the impending clinical applications of these molecules as markers in the identification, prediction and treatment of various diseases. In this review, we outline recent findings regarding exo-circRNAs which includes their functions and highlights their potential applications and therapeutic targets in human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kearabetsoe Matseliso Molibeli
- School of Life Science, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Rong Hu
- School of Life Science, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yuze Liu
- School of Life Science, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Dehui Xiong
- School of Life Science, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lijun Tang
- School of Life Science, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
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Caba L, Florea L, Gug C, Dimitriu DC, Gorduza EV. Circular RNA-Is the Circle Perfect? Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11121755. [PMID: 34944400 PMCID: PMC8698871 DOI: 10.3390/biom11121755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Circular RNA (circRNA) is a distinct class of non-coding RNA produced, in principle, using a back-splicing mechanism, conserved during evolution, with increased stability and a tissue-dependent expression. Circular RNA represents a functional molecule with roles in the regulation of transcription and splicing, microRNA sponge, and the modulation of protein–protein interaction. CircRNAs are involved in essential processes of life such as apoptosis, cell cycle, and proliferation. Due to the regulatory role (upregulation/downregulation) in pathogenic mechanisms of some diseases (including cancer), its potential roles as a biomarker or therapeutic target in these diseases were studied. This review focuses on the importance of circular RNA in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lavinia Caba
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania;
- Correspondence:
| | - Laura Florea
- Department of Nephrology-Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Cristina Gug
- Microscopic Morphology Department, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timișoara, Romania;
| | - Daniela Cristina Dimitriu
- Department of Morpho-Functional Sciences II, Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Eusebiu Vlad Gorduza
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania;
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Roles and mechanisms of exosomal non-coding RNAs in human health and diseases. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2021; 6:383. [PMID: 34753929 PMCID: PMC8578673 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-021-00779-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Exosomes play a role as mediators of cell-to-cell communication, thus exhibiting pleiotropic activities to homeostasis regulation. Exosomal non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), mainly microRNAs (miRNAs), long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), and circular RNAs (circRNAs), are closely related to a variety of biological and functional aspects of human health. When the exosomal ncRNAs undergo tissue-specific changes due to diverse internal or external disorders, they can cause tissue dysfunction, aging, and diseases. In this review, we comprehensively discuss the underlying regulatory mechanisms of exosomes in human diseases. In addition, we explore the current knowledge on the roles of exosomal miRNAs, lncRNAs, and circRNAs in human health and diseases, including cancers, metabolic diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular diseases, autoimmune diseases, and infectious diseases, to determine their potential implication in biomarker identification and therapeutic exploration.
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Peng Z, Hu Q, Fang S, Zhang X, Hong X, Tao L, Pan J, Jiang M, Bai H, Wu Y, Zhao X, Zhou C, Chen J, Han Y, Gong Z. Circulating circTOLLIP serves as a diagnostic biomarker for liquid biopsy in non-small cell lung cancer. Clin Chim Acta 2021; 523:415-422. [PMID: 34728180 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2021.10.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Circular RNAs (CircRNAs) have been found to possess vital functions in tumorigenesis of various cancer types, including non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The aim of this study was to identify and explore the diagnostic values of the newly found Toll interacting protein (TOLLIP)-derived circRNA (circTOLLIP) for liquid biopsy in NSCLC. METHODS RNase R and actinomycin D assays were conducted to confirm the existence and stability of circTOLLIP. RT-qPCR was performed to identify the expression levels of circTOLLIP in NSCLC tumor tissues, whole blood, and cell lines. The diagnostic values were evaluated by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. RESULTS CircTOLLIP was screened as a candidate biomarker and was found to be significantly down-regulated in both NSCLC tissues and cell lines. Interestingly, circulating circTOLLIP was also lower-expressed in the whole blood of patients with NSCLC compared to that of patients with benign lung disease and healthy controls. Importantly, the circulating circTOLLIP represented better diagnostic values in comparison to the traditional tumor markers (NSE, CYFR21-1, and CA72-4), and showed higher stability even though the whole blood was exposed to various tough conditions. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that circTOLLIP can be used as a non-invasive biomarker to distinguish early-stage NSCLC from benign lung diseases and from healthy controls, suggesting the potential application of circTOLLIP for liquid biopsy in NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyi Peng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo 315211, China; Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Qiuzhi Hu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo 315211, China; Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Shuai Fang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo 315211, China; Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Xun Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo 315211, China; Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Xin Hong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo 315211, China; Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Lili Tao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo 315211, China; Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Jinchang Pan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo 315211, China; Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Meina Jiang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo 315211, China; Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Huihui Bai
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo 315211, China; Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Yinuo Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo 315211, China; Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Xiaodong Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo 315211, China; Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo 315020, China
| | - Chengwei Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo 315211, China; Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo 315020, China
| | - Jun Chen
- Department of Chemoradiotherapy, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo 315100, China
| | - Ying Han
- Department of Chemoradiotherapy, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo 315100, China.
| | - Zhaohui Gong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo 315211, China; Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo 315211, China.
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Soliman HM, Ghonaim GA, Gharib SM, Chopra H, Farag AK, Hassanin MH, Nagah A, Emad-Eldin M, Hashem NE, Yahya G, Emam SE, Hassan AEA, Attia MS. Exosomes in Alzheimer's Disease: From Being Pathological Players to Potential Diagnostics and Therapeutics. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:10794. [PMID: 34639135 PMCID: PMC8509246 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes (EXOs) were given attention as an extracellular vesicle (EV) with a pivotal pathophysiological role in the development of certain neurodegenerative disorders (NDD), such as Parkinson's and Alzheimer's disease (AD). EXOs have shown the potential to carry pathological and therapeutic cargo; thus, researchers have harnessed EXOs in drug delivery applications. EXOs have shown low immunogenicity as natural drug delivery vehicles, thus ensuring efficient drug delivery without causing significant adverse reactions. Recently, EXOs provided potential drug delivery opportunities in AD and promising future clinical applications with the diagnosis of NDD and were studied for their usefulness in disease detection and prediction prior to the emergence of symptoms. In the future, the microfluidics technique will play an essential role in isolating and detecting EXOs to diagnose AD before the development of advanced symptoms. This review is not reiterative literature but will discuss why EXOs have strong potential in treating AD and how they can be used as a tool to predict and diagnose this disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hagar M. Soliman
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt; (H.M.S.); (G.A.G.); (S.M.G.); (A.K.F.); (M.H.H.); (A.N.); (N.E.H.); (S.E.E.)
| | - Ghada A. Ghonaim
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt; (H.M.S.); (G.A.G.); (S.M.G.); (A.K.F.); (M.H.H.); (A.N.); (N.E.H.); (S.E.E.)
| | - Shaza M. Gharib
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt; (H.M.S.); (G.A.G.); (S.M.G.); (A.K.F.); (M.H.H.); (A.N.); (N.E.H.); (S.E.E.)
| | - Hitesh Chopra
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab 140401, India;
| | - Aya K. Farag
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt; (H.M.S.); (G.A.G.); (S.M.G.); (A.K.F.); (M.H.H.); (A.N.); (N.E.H.); (S.E.E.)
| | - Mohamed H. Hassanin
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt; (H.M.S.); (G.A.G.); (S.M.G.); (A.K.F.); (M.H.H.); (A.N.); (N.E.H.); (S.E.E.)
| | - Abdalrazeq Nagah
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt; (H.M.S.); (G.A.G.); (S.M.G.); (A.K.F.); (M.H.H.); (A.N.); (N.E.H.); (S.E.E.)
| | - Mahmoud Emad-Eldin
- Department of Clinical, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt;
| | - Nevertary E. Hashem
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt; (H.M.S.); (G.A.G.); (S.M.G.); (A.K.F.); (M.H.H.); (A.N.); (N.E.H.); (S.E.E.)
| | - Galal Yahya
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt;
| | - Sherif E. Emam
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt; (H.M.S.); (G.A.G.); (S.M.G.); (A.K.F.); (M.H.H.); (A.N.); (N.E.H.); (S.E.E.)
| | - Abdalla E. A. Hassan
- Applied Nucleic Acids Research Center & Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Zagazig 44519, Egypt;
| | - Mohamed S. Attia
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt; (H.M.S.); (G.A.G.); (S.M.G.); (A.K.F.); (M.H.H.); (A.N.); (N.E.H.); (S.E.E.)
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Wang F, Zhang Y, Zhou X, Chen X, Xiang J, Fan M, Yu Y, Cai Y, Wu H, Huang S, He N, Hu Z, Ding G, Jin X. Circular RNA CircPPP1CB Suppresses Tumorigenesis by Interacting With the MiR-1307-3p/SMG1 Axis in Human Bladder Cancer. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:704683. [PMID: 34595165 PMCID: PMC8476764 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.704683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Circular RNA (circRNA) is a newly discovered endogenous non-coding RNA (ncRNA), which is characterized with a closed circular structure. A growing body of evidence has verified the vital roles of circRNAs in human cancer. In this research, we selected circPPP1CB as a study object by circRNA sequencing and quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) validation in human bladder cancer (BC). CircPPP1CB is downregulated in BC and is negatively correlated with clinical stages and histological grades. Functionally, circPPP1CB modulated cell growth, metastasis, and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process in vitro and in vivo. Mechanically, we performed various experiments to verify the circPPP1CB/miR-1307-3p/SMG1 regulatory axis. Taken together, our results demonstrated that circPPP1CB participates in tumor growth, metastasis, and EMT process by interacting with the miR-1307-3p/SMG1 axis, and that circPPP1CB might be a novel therapeutic target and diagnostic biomarker in human BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feifan Wang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xuejian Zhou
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xianwu Chen
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiayong Xiang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mengjing Fan
- Department of Pathology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanlan Yu
- Department of Urology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yueshu Cai
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hongshen Wu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shihan Huang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ning He
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhenghui Hu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guoqing Ding
- Department of Urology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaodong Jin
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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Croft PKD, Sharma S, Godbole N, Rice GE, Salomon C. Ovarian-Cancer-Associated Extracellular Vesicles: Microenvironmental Regulation and Potential Clinical Applications. Cells 2021; 10:cells10092272. [PMID: 34571921 PMCID: PMC8471580 DOI: 10.3390/cells10092272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OC) is one of the most diagnosed gynecological cancers in women. Due to the lack of effective early stage screening, women are more often diagnosed at an advanced stage; therefore, it is associated with poor patient outcomes. There are a lack of tools to identify patients at the highest risk of developing this cancer. Moreover, early detection strategies, therapeutic approaches, and real-time monitoring of responses to treatment to improve survival and quality of life are also inadequate. Tumor development and progression are dependent upon cell-to-cell communication, allowing cancer cells to re-program cells not only within the surrounding tumor microenvironment, but also at distant sites. Recent studies established that extracellular vesicles (EVs) mediate bi-directional communication between normal and cancerous cells. EVs are highly stable membrane vesicles that are released from a wide range of cells, including healthy and cancer cells. They contain tissue-specific signaling molecules (e.g., proteins and miRNA) and, once released, regulate target cell phenotypes, inducing a pro-tumorigenic and immunosuppressive phenotype to contribute to tumor growth and metastasis as well as proximal and distal cell function. Thus, EVs are a “fingerprint” of their cell of origin and reflect the metabolic status. Additionally, via the capacity to evade the immune system and remain stable over long periods in circulation, EVs can be potent therapeutic agents. This review examines the potential role of EVs in the different aspects of the tumor microenvironment in OC, as well as their application in diagnosis, delivery of therapeutic agents, and disease monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyakshi Kalita-de Croft
- Exosome Biology Laboratory, Centre for Clinical Diagnostics, University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Royal Brisbane and Women’s Hospital, The University of Queensland, Herston, QLD 4029, Australia; (P.K.-d.C); (S.S); (N.G); (G.E.R)
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Royal Brisbane and Women’s Hospital, The University of Queensland, Herston, QLD 4029, Australia
| | - Shayna Sharma
- Exosome Biology Laboratory, Centre for Clinical Diagnostics, University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Royal Brisbane and Women’s Hospital, The University of Queensland, Herston, QLD 4029, Australia; (P.K.-d.C); (S.S); (N.G); (G.E.R)
| | - Nihar Godbole
- Exosome Biology Laboratory, Centre for Clinical Diagnostics, University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Royal Brisbane and Women’s Hospital, The University of Queensland, Herston, QLD 4029, Australia; (P.K.-d.C); (S.S); (N.G); (G.E.R)
| | - Gregory E. Rice
- Exosome Biology Laboratory, Centre for Clinical Diagnostics, University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Royal Brisbane and Women’s Hospital, The University of Queensland, Herston, QLD 4029, Australia; (P.K.-d.C); (S.S); (N.G); (G.E.R)
| | - Carlos Salomon
- Exosome Biology Laboratory, Centre for Clinical Diagnostics, University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Royal Brisbane and Women’s Hospital, The University of Queensland, Herston, QLD 4029, Australia; (P.K.-d.C); (S.S); (N.G); (G.E.R)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-7-3346-5500; Fax: +61-7-3346-5509
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Li X, Wang J, Qian H, Wu Y, Zhang Z, Hu Z, Xie P. Serum Exosomal Circular RNA Expression Profile and Regulative Role in Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy. Front Genet 2021; 12:719312. [PMID: 34447414 PMCID: PMC8383346 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.719312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR), as one of the main microvascular complications of diabetes mellitus, seriously threatens the visual function of the working-age population; yet, the underlying pathogenesis is still poorly understood. This study aimed to identify the distinct exosomal circular RNA (circRNA) expression in PDR serum and preliminarily explore the potential pro-angiogenic mechanism of specific exosomal circRNAs. Methods We collected serum samples from 10 patients with PDR and 10 patients with age-matched senile cataract to detect the exosomal differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of circRNAs via high-throughput sequencing, followed by validation with quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). Next, bioinformatics analyses including competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network, protein-protein interaction network (PPI), and functional enrichment analyses were performed. In addition, the potential function of circFndc3b (hsa_circ_0006156) derived from high-glucose-induced endothelial cells was analyzed in human retinal vascular endothelial cells (HRVECs). Results In total, 26 circRNAs, 106 microRNAs (miRNAs), and 2,264 messenger RNAs (mRNAs) were identified as differentially expressed in PDR serum exosomes compared with cataract serum exosomes (fold change > 1, P < 0.05). A circRNA-miRNA-mRNA ceRNA network was established. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis revealed that the mRNAs were mainly enriched in the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, MAPK signaling pathway, Wnt signaling pathway, and VEGF signaling pathway. The PPI network and module analysis identified 10 hub genes, including RhoA, Cdc42, and RASA1. Finally, circFndc3b and exosomes derived from high-glucose-induced endothelial cells were identified with the capability to facilitate angiogenesis in vitro. Conclusion Aberrant profiling of exosomal circRNAs in PDR serum was identified. CircFndc3b derived from high-glucose-induced endothelial cells may play an important role in the angiogenesis of PDR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinsheng Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jingfan Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Huiming Qian
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yan Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhengyu Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zizhong Hu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ping Xie
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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Exosomes in Lung Cancer: Actors and Heralds of Tumor Development. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13174330. [PMID: 34503141 PMCID: PMC8431734 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13174330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide and in most cases, diagnosis is reached when the tumor has already spread and prognosis is quite poor. For that reason, the research for new biomarkers that could improve early diagnosis and its management is essential. Exosomes are microvesicles actively secreted by cells, especially by tumor cells, hauling molecules that mimic molecules of the producing cells. There are multiple methods for exosome isolation and analysis, although not standardized, and cancer exosomes from biological fluids are especially difficult to study. Exosomes' cargo proteins, RNA, and DNA participate in the communication between cells, favoring lung cancer development by delivering signals for growth, metastasis, epithelial mesenchymal transition, angiogenesis, immunosuppression and even drug resistance. Exosome analysis can be useful as a type of liquid biopsy in the diagnosis, prognosis and follow-up of lung cancer. In this review, we will discuss recent advances in the role of exosomes in lung cancer and their utility as liquid biopsy, with special attention to isolating methods.
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Chen T, Liu Y, Li C, Xu C, Ding C, Chen J, Zhao J. Tumor-derived exosomal circFARSA mediates M2 macrophage polarization via the PTEN/PI3K/AKT pathway to promote non-small cell lung cancer metastasis. Cancer Treat Res Commun 2021; 28:100412. [PMID: 34119765 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctarc.2021.100412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exosomes in the tumor microenvironment (TME) facilitate tumor progression by enabling inter-cellular communication. Tumor cell-derived exosomes can polarize tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) to an immunosuppressive M2 phenotype. The aim of this study was to determine the role of exosomal circFARSA in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and elucidate the underlying mechanisms. METHODS In situ circFARSA expression in NSCLC tissues was analyzed using qRT-PCR. The in vitro migration of NSCLC cells was evaluated using a transwell assay or through indirect co-culture with M2 macrophages, as appropriate. Immunoprecipitation (IP), western blotting, RNA binding protein immunoprecipitation (RIP), and RNA pull down assays were conducted for mechanistic studies. RESULTS CircFARSA was significantly upregulated in NSCLC tissues, and the ectopic overexpression of circFARSA enhanced NSCLC cell metastasis. Furthermore, NSCLC cell-derived exosomal circFARSA polarized the macrophages to a M2 phenotype. The NSCLC cells co-cultured with macrophages transfected with circFARSA or pre-treated with exosomal circFARSA showed enhanced EMT and metastasis. Mechanistically, exosomal circFARSA induced M2 polarization via PTEN ubiquitination and degradation, which further activated the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. In addition, eIF4A3 promoted circRNA biogenesis and cyclization by binding to its flanking sequences. CONCLUSION Exosomal circFARSA plays a crucial role in cross-talk between macrophages and NSCLC cells through the PTEN/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, and is a promising diagnostic/prognostic biomarker for NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tengfei Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yali Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, China
| | - Chang Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chun Xu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Cheng Ding
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jun Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jun Zhao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.
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Huang L, Rong Y, Tang X, Yi K, Wu J, Wang F. Circular RNAs Are Promising Biomarkers in Liquid Biopsy for the Diagnosis of Non-small Cell Lung Cancer. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:625722. [PMID: 34136531 PMCID: PMC8201604 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.625722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The high incidence and mortality of lung cancer make early detection of lung cancer particularly important. At present, the diagnosis of lung cancer mainly depends on diagnostic imaging and tissue biopsy. However, current diagnostics are not satisfactory owing to the low specificity and inability of multiple sampling. Accumulating evidence indicates that circular RNAs (circRNAs) play a critical role in cancer progression and are promising cancer biomarkers. In particular, circRNAs are considered novel specific diagnostic markers for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Liquid biopsy is an important method in the early diagnosis of cancer due to its high sensitivity and specificity, as well as the possibility of performing multiple sampling. circRNAs are stably present in exosomes and sometimes become part of circulating nucleic acids, making them ideal for liquid biopsy. In this review, we summarize the advances in the research on circRNAs in NSCLC, and also highlight their potential applications for NSCLC detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanxiang Huang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Center for Single-Cell Omics and Tumor Liquid Biopsy, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuan Rong
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Center for Single-Cell Omics and Tumor Liquid Biopsy, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xuan Tang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Center for Single-Cell Omics and Tumor Liquid Biopsy, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Kezhen Yi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Center for Single-Cell Omics and Tumor Liquid Biopsy, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jianyuan Wu
- Clinical Trial Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Fubing Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Center for Single-Cell Omics and Tumor Liquid Biopsy, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Wuhan Research Center for Infectious Diseases and Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China
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Xian J, Zeng Y, Chen S, Lu L, Liu L, Chen J, Rao B, Zhao Z, Liu J, Xie C, Zhu L, Zhang D, Qiu F, Lu J, Yang L. Discovery of a novel linc01125 isoform in serum exosomes as a promising biomarker for NSCLC diagnosis and survival assessment. Carcinogenesis 2021; 42:831-841. [PMID: 33928340 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgab034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A non-invasive method to distinguish potential lung cancer patients would improve lung cancer prevention. We employed the RNA-sequencing analysis to profile serum exosomal long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) from non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients and pneumonia controls, and then determined the diagnostic and prognostic value of a promising lncRNA in four datasets. We identified 90 dysregulated lncRNAs for NSCLC and found the most significant lncRNA was a novel isoform of linc01125. Serum exosomal linc01125 could distinguish NSCLC cases from disease-free and tuberculosis controls, with the area under the curve values as 0.662 [95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.614-0.711] and 0.624 (95% CI = 0.522-0.725), respectively. High expression of exosomal linc01125 was also correlated with an unfavorable overall survival of NSCLC (hazard ratio = 1.48, 95% CI = 1.05-2.08). Clinic treatment decreased serum exosomal linc01125 in NSCLC patients (P = 0.036). Linc01125 functions to inhibit cancer growth and metastasis via acting as a competing endogenous RNA to up-regulate tumor necrosis factor alpha-induced protein 3 (TNFAIP3) expression by sponging miR-19b-3p. Notably, the oncogenic transformation of 16HBE led to decreased linc01125 in cells but increased linc01125 in cell-derived exosomes. The expression of linc01125 in total exosomes was highly correlated with that in tumor-associated exosomes in serum. Moreover, lung cancer cells were capable of releasing linc01125 into exosomes in vitro and in vivo. Our analyses suggest serum exosomal linc01125 as a promising biomarker for non-invasively diagnosing NSCLC and predicting the prognosis of NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfeng Xian
- The State Key Lab of Respiratory Disease, Institute of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Xinzao, Panyu District, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuyuan Zeng
- The State Key Lab of Respiratory Disease, Institute of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Xinzao, Panyu District, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shizhen Chen
- The State Key Lab of Respiratory Disease, Institute of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Xinzao, Panyu District, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liming Lu
- The State Key Lab of Respiratory Disease, Institute of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Xinzao, Panyu District, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Liu
- The State Key Lab of Respiratory Disease, Institute of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Xinzao, Panyu District, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinbin Chen
- The State Key Lab of Respiratory Disease, Institute of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Xinzao, Panyu District, Guangzhou, China
| | - Boqi Rao
- The State Key Lab of Respiratory Disease, Institute of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Xinzao, Panyu District, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhuxiang Zhao
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of South China University of Technology, Guanzhou, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of South China University of Technology, Guanzhou, China
| | - Chenli Xie
- Fifth People's Hospital of Dongguan, Dongguan, China
| | - Lingling Zhu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of South China University of Technology, Guanzhou, China
| | - Duo Zhang
- Clinical and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia and Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Fuman Qiu
- The State Key Lab of Respiratory Disease, Institute of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Xinzao, Panyu District, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiachun Lu
- The State Key Lab of Respiratory Disease, Institute of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Xinzao, Panyu District, Guangzhou, China.,The State Key Lab of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lei Yang
- The State Key Lab of Respiratory Disease, Institute of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Xinzao, Panyu District, Guangzhou, China
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Liu Y, Xia Y, Smollar J, Mao W, Wan Y. The roles of small extracellular vesicles in lung cancer: Molecular pathology, mechanisms, diagnostics, and therapeutics. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2021; 1876:188539. [PMID: 33892051 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2021.188539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) are submicron-sized, lipid-bilayer-enclosed particles that are released from cells. A variety of tissue-specific molecules, including proteins, DNA fragments, RNA, lipids, and metabolites, can be selectively encapsulated into sEVs and delivered to nearby and distant recipient cells. Incontestable and growing evidence shows the important biological roles and the clinical relevance of sEVs in tumors. In particular, recent studies validate sEVs can be used for early tumor diagnostics, staging, and treatment monitoring. Moreover, sEVs have been used as drug delivery nanocarriers, cancer vaccines, and antigen conferrers. While still in its infancy, the field of sEV-based fundamental and translational studies has been rapidly advancing. This review comprehensively examines the latest sEV-related studies in lung cancers, encompassing extracellular vesicles and their roles in lung cancer pathophysiology, diagnostics, and therapeutics. The state-of-the-art technologies for sEV isolation, downstream molecular analyses, and sEV-based therapies indicate their potency as tools for understanding the pathology and promising clinical management of lung cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Liu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214023, China
| | - Yiqiu Xia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States
| | - Jillian Smollar
- The Pq Laboratory of Micro/Nano BiomeDx, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Binghamton University-SUNY, Binghamton, NY 13902, United States
| | - Wenjun Mao
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214023, China.
| | - Yuan Wan
- The Pq Laboratory of Micro/Nano BiomeDx, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Binghamton University-SUNY, Binghamton, NY 13902, United States.
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