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Mikziński P, Kraus K, Widelski J, Paluch E. Modern Microbiological Methods to Detect Biofilm Formation in Orthopedy and Suggestions for Antibiotic Therapy, with Particular Emphasis on Prosthetic Joint Infection (PJI). Microorganisms 2024; 12:1198. [PMID: 38930580 PMCID: PMC11205407 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12061198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Biofilm formation is a serious problem that relatively often causes complications in orthopedic surgery. Biofilm-forming pathogens invade implanted foreign bodies and surrounding tissues. Such a condition, if not limited at the appropriate time, often requires reoperation. This can be partially prevented by selecting an appropriate prosthesis material that prevents the development of biofilm. There are many modern techniques available to detect the formed biofilm. By applying them we can identify and visualize biofilm-forming microorganisms. The most common etiological factors associated with biofilms in orthopedics are: Staphylococcus aureus, coagulase-negative Staphylococci (CoNS), and Enterococcus spp., whereas Gram-negative bacilli and Candida spp. also deserve attention. It seems crucial, for therapeutic success, to eradicate the microorganisms able to form biofilm after the implantation of endoprostheses. Planning the effective targeted antimicrobial treatment of postoperative infections requires accurate identification of the microorganism responsible for the complications of the procedure. The modern microbiological testing techniques described in this article show the diagnostic options that can be followed to enable the implementation of effective treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Mikziński
- Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Wyb. Pasteura 1, 50-376 Wroclaw, Poland; (P.M.); (K.K.)
| | - Karolina Kraus
- Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Wyb. Pasteura 1, 50-376 Wroclaw, Poland; (P.M.); (K.K.)
| | - Jarosław Widelski
- Department of Pharmacognosy with Medicinal Plants Garden, Lublin Medical University, 20-093 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Emil Paluch
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Tytusa Chalubinskiego 4, 50-376 Wroclaw, Poland
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Galeana-Cadena D, Ramirez-Martínez G, Alberto Choreño-Parra J, Silva-Herzog E, Margarita Hernández-Cárdenas C, Soberón X, Zúñiga J. Microbiome in the nasopharynx: Insights into the impact of COVID-19 severity. Heliyon 2024; 10:e31562. [PMID: 38826746 PMCID: PMC11141365 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e31562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The respiratory tract harbors a variety of microbiota, whose composition and abundance depend on specific site factors, interaction with external factors, and disease. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between COVID-19 severity and the nasopharyngeal microbiome. Methods We conducted a prospective cohort study in Mexico City, collecting nasopharyngeal swabs from 30 COVID-19 patients and 14 healthy volunteers. Microbiome profiling was performed using 16S rRNA gene analysis. Taxonomic assignment, classification, diversity analysis, core microbiome analysis, and statistical analysis were conducted using R packages. Results The microbiome data analysis revealed taxonomic shifts within the nasopharyngeal microbiome in severe COVID-19. Particularly, we observed a significant reduction in the relative abundance of Lawsonella and Cutibacterium genera in critically ill COVID-19 patients (p < 0.001). In contrast, these patients exhibited a marked enrichment of Streptococcus, Actinomyces, Peptostreptococcus, Atopobium, Granulicatella, Mogibacterium, Veillonella, Prevotella_7, Rothia, Gemella, Alloprevotella, and Solobacterium genera (p < 0.01). Analysis of the core microbiome across all samples consistently identified the presence of Staphylococcus, Corynebacterium, and Streptococcus. Conclusions Our study suggests that the disruption of physicochemical conditions and barriers resulting from inflammatory processes and the intubation procedure in critically ill COVID-19 patients may facilitate the colonization and invasion of the nasopharynx by oral microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Galeana-Cadena
- Laboratorio de Inmunobiología y Genética, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas (INER), Mexico City, Mexico
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Gustavo Ramirez-Martínez
- Laboratorio de Inmunobiología y Genética, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas (INER), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - José Alberto Choreño-Parra
- Laboratorio de Inmunobiología y Genética, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas (INER), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Eugenia Silva-Herzog
- Unidad de Vinculación Científica Facultad de Medicina UNAM-INMEGEN, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica (INMEGEN), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Carmen Margarita Hernández-Cárdenas
- Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos y Dirección General, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas (INER), Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Xavier Soberón
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Joaquín Zúñiga
- Laboratorio de Inmunobiología y Genética, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas (INER), Mexico City, Mexico
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Mexico City, Mexico
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Erbežnik A, Celar Šturm A, Strašek Smrdel K, Triglav T, Maver Vodičar P. Comparative Genomic Analysis of Cutibacterium spp. Isolates in Implant-Associated Infections. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2971. [PMID: 38138116 PMCID: PMC10745319 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11122971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacteria of the genus Cutibacterium are Gram-positive commensals and opportunistic pathogens that represent a major challenge in the diagnosis and treatment of implant-associated infections (IAIs). This study provides insight into the distribution of different sequence types (STs) of C. acnes, and the presence of virulence factors (VFs) in 64 Cutibacterium spp. isolates from suspected or confirmed IAIs obtained during routine microbiological diagnostics. Fifty-three C. acnes, six C. avidum, four C. granulosum, and one C. namnetense isolate, collected from different anatomical sites, were included in our study. Using whole-genome sequencing and a single-locus sequencing typing scheme, we successfully characterized all C. acnes strains and revealed the substantial diversity of STs, with the discovery of six previously unidentified STs. Phylotype IA1, previously associated with both healthy skin microbiome and infections, was the most prevalent, with ST A1 being the most common. Some minor differences in STs' distribution were observed in correlation with anatomical location and association with infection. A genomic analysis of 40 investigated VFs among 64 selected strains showed no significant differences between different STs, anatomical sites, or infection-related and infection undetermined/unlikely groups of strains. Most differences in VF distribution were found between strains of different Cutibacterium spp., subspecies, and phylotypes, with CAMP factors, biofilm-related VFs, lipases, and heat shock proteins identified in all analyzed Cutibacterium spp.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Polona Maver Vodičar
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (A.E.); (A.C.Š.); (K.S.S.); (T.T.)
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Koizumi J, Nakase K, Hayashi N, Nasu Y, Hirai Y, Nakaminami H. Prevalence of antimicrobial-resistant Cutibacterium isolates and development of multiplex PCR method for Cutibacterium species identification. J Infect Chemother 2023; 29:198-204. [PMID: 36336238 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiac.2022.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cutibacterium species such as C. acnes, C. avidum, and C. granulosum are known anaerobic skin inhabitants and often cause surgical site infections. These species are genetically similar and are difficult to identify rapidly. In addition, their pathogenicity and antimicrobial resistance remain unknown. In this study, antimicrobial resistance in Cutibacterium isolates was studied and a multiplex PCR method for their identification was developed. METHODS A total of 497 C. acnes, 71 C. avidum, and 25 C. granulosum strains which were isolated from the acne pustule and infectious regions, were used. RESULTS The antimicrobial resistance rates of C. acnes, C. avidum, and C. granulosum strains isolated from patients with acne vulgaris were higher than those of strains isolated from patients with infectious diseases. In particular, macrolide-clindamycin-resistant strains were isolated most frequently from all species. Among the resistant strains, strains with 23S rRNA mutations were the most common in C. acnes (24.3%, 71/292), whereas C. avidum and C. granulosum strains were most frequently found with erm(X). For the first time, a C. granulosum strain carrying pTZC1, which codes erm(50) and tet(W), was isolated from patients with acne vulgaris. Regarding the rapid identification of causative pathogens from infectious regions, three Cutibacterium species were identified with 100% sensitivity and specificity using multiplex PCR method. CONCLUSIONS Our data showed that antimicrobial resistance differed among Cutibacterium species. The multiplex PCR method may contribute to the rapid detection of Cutibacterium species and selection of appropriate antimicrobial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juri Koizumi
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0392, Japan
| | - Keisuke Nakase
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0392, Japan.
| | - Nobukazu Hayashi
- Department of Dermatology, Toranomon Hospital, 2-2-2 toranomon, minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8470, Japan
| | - Yutaka Nasu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo Medical University Hachioji Medical Center, 1163 Tatemachi, Hachioji, Tokyo, 193-0944, Japan
| | - Yuji Hirai
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo Medical University Hachioji Medical Center, 1163 Tatemachi, Hachioji, Tokyo, 193-0944, Japan
| | - Hidemasa Nakaminami
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0392, Japan
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Qiao YJ, Li F, Zhang LD, Yu XY, Zhang HQ, Yang WB, Song XY, Xu RL, Zhou SH. Analysis of the clinical efficacy of two-stage revision surgery in the treatment of periprosthetic joint infection in the knee: A retrospective study. World J Clin Cases 2022; 10:13239-13249. [PMID: 36683646 PMCID: PMC9851019 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v10.i36.13239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) is a catastrophic complication that can occur following total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Currently, the treatment for PJI mainly includes the use of antibiotics alone, prosthetic debridement lavage, primary revision, secondary revision, joint fusion, amputation, etc.
AIM To explore the clinical effect of two-stage revision surgery for the treatment of PJI after TKA.
METHODS The clinical data of 27 patients (3 males and 24 females; age range, 47–80 years; mean age, 66.7 ± 8.0 years; 27 knees) with PJI treated with two-stage revision surgery in our hospital between January 1, 2010 and December 31, 2020 were analyzed retrospectively. The following outcomes were compared for changes between preoperative and last follow-up results: Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C-reactive protein (CRP), visual analogue scale (VAS) scores, Hospital for Special Surgery (HSS) scores, knee range of motion (ROM), and infection cure rates.
RESULTS All 27 patients were followed up (range, 13–112 mo). The ESR (14.5 ± 6.3 mm/h) and CRP (0.6 ± 0.4 mg/dL) of the patients at the last follow-up were significantly lower than those at admission; the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.001). The postoperative VAS score (1.1 ± 0.7), HSS score (82.3 ± 7.1), and knee ROM (108.0° ± 19.7°) were significantly improved compared with those before the surgery; the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.001). Of the 27 patients, 26 were cured of the infection, whereas 1 case had an infection recurrence; the infection control rate was 96.3%.
CONCLUSION Two-stage revision surgery can effectively relieve pain, control infection, and retain good joint function in the treatment of PJI after TKA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Jie Qiao
- Department of Joint Surgery, The 940th Hospital of Joint Logistic Support Force of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, Lanzhou 730050, Gansu Province, China
| | - Feng Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The 943rd Hospital of Joint Logistic Support Force of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, Wuwei 733000, Gansu Province, China
| | - Lv-Dan Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The 940th Hospital of Joint Logistic Support Force of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, Lanzhou 730050, Gansu Province, China
| | - Xin-Yuan Yu
- Department of Joint Surgery, The 940th Hospital of Joint Logistic Support Force of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, Lanzhou 730050, Gansu Province, China
| | - Hao-Qiang Zhang
- Department of Joint Surgery, The 940th Hospital of Joint Logistic Support Force of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, Lanzhou 730050, Gansu Province, China
| | - Wen-Bin Yang
- Department of Joint Surgery, The 940th Hospital of Joint Logistic Support Force of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, Lanzhou 730050, Gansu Province, China
| | - Xiao-Yang Song
- Department of Joint Surgery, The 940th Hospital of Joint Logistic Support Force of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, Lanzhou 730050, Gansu Province, China
| | - Rui-Ling Xu
- Department of Joint Surgery, The 940th Hospital of Joint Logistic Support Force of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, Lanzhou 730050, Gansu Province, China
| | - Sheng-Hu Zhou
- Department of Joint Surgery, The 940th Hospital of Joint Logistic Support Force of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, Lanzhou 730050, Gansu Province, China
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