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Wang X, Liu W, Zhao Y, Ma P. The impact of disc degeneration on the dynamic characteristics of the lumbar spine: a finite element analysis. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2024; 12:1384187. [PMID: 38751866 PMCID: PMC11094277 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2024.1384187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
The dynamics of disc degeneration was analyzed to determine the effect of disc degeneration at the L4-L5 segment on the dynamic characteristics of the total lumbar spine. A three-dimensional nonlinear finite element model of the L1-S1 normal lumbar spine was constructed and validated. This normal model was then modified to construct two degeneration models with different degrees of degeneration (mild, moderate) at the L4-L5 level. Modal analysis, harmonic response analysis, and transient dynamics analysis were performed on the total lumbar spine when experiencing following compressive loading (500 N). As the degree of disc degeneration increased, the vibration patterns corresponding to the first three orders of the model's intrinsic frequency were basically unchanged, with the first order being in the left-right lateral bending direction, the second order being in the forward-flexion and backward-extension direction, and the third order being in the axial stretching direction. The nucleus pulposus pressure peaks corresponding to the first order intrinsic frequency for the harmonic response analysis are all on the right side of the model, with sizes of 0.053 MPa, 0.061 MPa, and 0.036 MPa, respectively; the nucleus pulposus pressure peaks corresponding to the second order intrinsic frequency are all at the rear of the model, with sizes of 0.13 MPa, 0.087 MPa, and 0.11 MPa, respectively; and the nucleus pulposus pressure peaks corresponding to the third order intrinsic frequency are all at the front of the model, with sizes of 0.19 MPa, 0.22 MPa, and 0.22 MPa, respectively. The results of the transient analysis indicated that over time, the response curves of the healthy model, the mild model, and the moderate model all exhibited cyclic response characteristics. Intervertebral disc degeneration did not adversely affect the vibration characteristics of the entire lumbar spine system. Intervertebral disc degeneration significantly altered the dynamics of the degenerative segments and their neighboring normal segments. The process of disc degeneration gradually shifted the load from the nucleus pulposus to the annulus fibrosus when the entire lumbar spine was subjected to the same vibratory environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Wang
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Wei Liu
- The Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Yaqiong Zhao
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Pengcheng Ma
- Shandong Public Health Clinical Center, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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Yang Y, Liu J, Qi J, Wang Y, Xu L, Zhang Y, Cheng L. Study of tractor side tilt operation on intervertebral disc injury between L4 and L5 in drivers. Comput Methods Biomech Biomed Engin 2023; 26:1916-1929. [PMID: 36519227 DOI: 10.1080/10255842.2022.2156288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The tilting of the cab seat when the tractor is in deep ploughing operation changes the sitting position of the driver, which may accelerate lumbar spine injury. This paper adopts the musculoskeletal model and the finite element model of the lumbar L4-L5 segment to predict the maximum Von-Mises stress and maximum strain of the driver's lumbar L4-L5 segment intervertebral disc. In this study, we used 3D motion capture to obtain the driver's spine position spatial data when the tractor tilted at different angles. A tractor-driver musculoskeletal model and a finite element model of the lumbar spine L4-L5 segments were created in AnyBody™ and Abaqus, respectively. The tractor-driver musculoskeletal model was used to calculate the load of the driver's lumbar spine L4-L5 segment at different angles of tractor tilt, which was used as the load condition of the finite element model of the lumbar spine L4-L5 segment, and then the influence of tractor tilt angle and vibration on the driver's lumbar spine L4-L5 disc was studied. The results show that the maximum Von-Mises stress and maximum strain of the driver's lumbar L4-L5 intervertebral disc will increase due to the tilt. The maximum Von-Mises stress occurs in the annulus II, and the maximum strain occurs in the upper end plate of the intervertebral disc. With the occurrence of tilt, the position of the maximum Von-Mises stress changes, which can lead to disc injury to the driver, and vibration may exacerbate this injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- Intelligent Agricultural Equipment Laboratory, Anhui Agricultural University, HeFei, China
- College of Engineering, Anhui Agricultural University, HeFei, China
| | - Jinghui Liu
- Intelligent Agricultural Equipment Laboratory, Anhui Agricultural University, HeFei, China
| | - Jian Qi
- Intelligent Agricultural Equipment Laboratory, Anhui Agricultural University, HeFei, China
| | - Yaping Wang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, NanJing, China
| | - Liangyuan Xu
- Intelligent Agricultural Equipment Laboratory, Anhui Agricultural University, HeFei, China
| | | | - Liqing Cheng
- Intelligent Agricultural Equipment Laboratory, Anhui Agricultural University, HeFei, China
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Chang L, Wang H, Guo Y, Cai Z, Zhan H. Experimental and numerical analysis of biomechanical effects in cervical spine positioning rotation manipulation. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR NUMERICAL METHODS IN BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING 2022; 38:e3651. [PMID: 36166310 DOI: 10.1002/cnm.3651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Unlocking the biomechanical effects of cervical spine positioning rotation manipulation in the treatment of patients with neck pain. In this paper, the safety of the cervical positioning rotation manipulation is analyzed by experimentally obtaining head kinematic data, importing them into a finite element model that has been developed and validated, and calculating and analyzing the angular displacements, disc pressures, and articular surface contact forces in the normal and pathological models. The results show that the cervical spine positioning rotation technique is more effective in adjusting the position and applying force to the cervical spine C5-C6 "tendon out of the groove and bone misalignment" pathological model. Also, the cervical positioning rotation manipulation is applied with less variation in disc nucleus pulposus pressure than in the non-positioning situation. Thus, in patients with disc degeneration, cervical positioning rotational manipulation has a more direct mechanical effect and is safer than non-positioning rotational manipulation. The cervical spine positioning rotation manipulation is a safe method that can effectively treat patients with neck pain. It has been well demonstrated in the computational analysis of the pathological model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Chang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, China
| | - Huihao Wang
- Shi's Center of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of TCM, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Traumatology & Orthopedics, Shanghai Academy of TCM, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingfu Guo
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, China
| | - Zhihua Cai
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, China
| | - Hongsheng Zhan
- Shi's Center of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of TCM, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Traumatology & Orthopedics, Shanghai Academy of TCM, Shanghai, China
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Dugailly PM, Dethier C, Salem W. Immediate alteration of the lumbar intervertebral foramen during the so-called osteopathic locking technique: A preliminary analysis on healthy subjects. INT J OSTEOPATH MED 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijosm.2021.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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The Effects of Paraspinal Muscle Volume on Physiological Load on the Lumbar Vertebral Column: A Finite-Element Study. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2021; 46:E1015-E1021. [PMID: 34517397 DOI: 10.1097/brs.0000000000004014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN Analytical biomechanical study using a finite-element (FE) model. OBJECTIVE We investigated the effects of paraspinal muscle volume to the physiological loading on the lower lumbar vertebral column using a FE model. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA The FE model analysis can measure the physiological load on the lumbar vertebral column. Which changes as the surrounding environment changes. In this study, our FE model consisted of the sacrum, lumbar spine (L3-L5), intervertebral discs, facet joints, and paraspinal muscles. METHODS Three-dimensional FE models of healthy lumbar spinal units were reconstructed. The physiological loads exerted on the lumbar vertebra column were evaluated by applying different paraspinal muscle volumes (without muscles, 50%, 80%, and 100% of healthy muscle volume). RESULTS As the paraspinal muscle volume increased, the loads exerted on the vertebral column decreased. The mean load on the intervertebral disc was 1.42 ± 0.75 MPa in the model without muscle, 1.393 ± 0.73 MPa in the 50% muscle volume model, 1.367 ± 0.71 MPa in the 80% muscle volume model, and 1.362 ± 0.71 MPa in the 100% muscle volume model. The mean loads exerted on the posterior column of lumbar spine were 11.79 ± 4.70 MPa in the model without muscles, 11.57 ± 4.57 MPa in the model with 50% muscle volume, and 11.13 ± 4.51 MPa in the model with 80% muscle volume, and 10.92 ± 4.33 MPa in the model with 100% muscle volume. The mean pressure on the vertebral body in the model without paraspinal muscle, and with 50%, 80%, and 100% paraspinal muscle volume were 14.02 ± 2.82, 13.82 ± 2.62, 13.65 ± 2.61, and 13.59 ± 2.51 MPa, respectively. CONCLUSION Using FEM, we observed that the paraspinal muscle volume decreases pressure exerted on the lumbar vertebral column. Based on these results, we believe that exercising to increase paraspinal muscle volume would be helpful for spinal pain management and preventing lumbar spine degeneration.Level of Evidence: N/A.
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Funai T, Kataoka H, Yokota H, Suzuki TA. Proposal and validation of polyconvex strain-energy function for biological soft tissues. Biomed Mater Eng 2021; 32:131-144. [PMID: 33682691 DOI: 10.3233/bme-196015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mechanical simulations for biological tissues are effective technology for development of medical equipment, because it can be used to evaluate mechanical influences on the tissues. For such simulations, mechanical properties of biological tissues are required. For most biological soft tissues, stress tends to increase monotonically as strain increases. OBJECTIVE Proposal of a strain-energy function that can guarantee monotonically increasing trend of biological soft tissue stress-strain relationships and applicability confirmation of the proposed function for biological soft tissues. METHOD Based on convexity of invariants, a polyconvex strain-energy function that can reproduce monotonically increasing trend was derived. In addition, to confirm its applicability, curve-fitting of the function to stress-strain relationships of several biological soft tissues was performed. RESULTS A function depending on the first invariant alone was derived. The derived function does not provide such inappropriate negative stress in the tensile region provided by several conventional strain-energy functions. CONCLUSIONS The derived function can reproduce the monotonically increasing trend and is proposed as an appropriate function for biological soft tissues. In addition, as is well-known for functions depending the first invariant alone, uniaxial-compression and equibiaxial-tension of several biological soft tissues can be approximated by curve-fitting to uniaxial-tension alone using the proposed function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Funai
- Industrial Research Institute of Shizuoka Prefecture, 2078 Makigaya, Aoi-ku, Shizuoka City, Shizuoka, Japan.,Image Processing Research Team, Center for Advanced Photonics, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako City, Saitama, Japan.,Division of Human Mechanical Systems and Design, Graduate School of Engineering, Hokkaido University, N13 W8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kataoka
- Computational Biomechanics Unit, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako City, Saitama, Japan
| | - Hideo Yokota
- Image Processing Research Team, Center for Advanced Photonics, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako City, Saitama, Japan.,Division of Human Mechanical Systems and Design, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, N13 W8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Taka-Aki Suzuki
- Industrial Research Institute of Shizuoka Prefecture, 2078 Makigaya, Aoi-ku, Shizuoka City, Shizuoka, Japan
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Ding H, Liao L, Yan P, Zhao X, Li M. Three-Dimensional Finite Element Analysis of L4-5 Degenerative Lumbar Disc Traction under Different Pushing Heights. JOURNAL OF HEALTHCARE ENGINEERING 2021; 2021:1322397. [PMID: 34336148 PMCID: PMC8321728 DOI: 10.1155/2021/1322397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Objective To study and analyze the changes of intervertebral foramen height and area of the degenerative L4-5 intervertebral disc under different pushing heights by the finite element method. Methods CT and MRI images of T12-S1 segments were obtained from a healthy volunteer who met the inclusion criteria. A DR machine was used to capture images of the lumbar lateral section before and after simultaneous pushing of the L4 and L5 spinous processes by manipulation called Daogaijinbei, and the measurement showed that the displacement changes of L4 and L5 were both approximately 10 cm, so the pushing height was set at 0-10 cm. A three-dimensional finite element model of the entire normal lumbar spine was established using Mimics 16.0, Geomagic Studio 2014, Hypermesh 13.0, MSC.Patran 2012, and so on. The disc height and nucleus area of the lumbar disc of the normal entire lumbar disc model were adjusted to establish models of the L4-5 disc with mild, moderate, and severe degeneration. Changes of disc height and area of the L4-5 degenerative intervertebral disc under different pushing heights were calculated. Results The size of the L4-5 intervertebral foramen was analyzed from the height and area of the intervertebral foramen, and the results showed the following: (1) as for the normal lumbar disc and a lumbar of the L4-5 disc with mild and moderate degeneration, the height of the L4-5 intervertebral foramen and its area both increased during pushing between 0 and 8 cm. After the pushing height reached 8 cm, the height and area of the L4-5 intervertebral foramen gradually became stable; (2) as for the L4-5 disc with severe degeneration, during the process of pushing, the height and area of the L4-5 intervertebral foramen increased slightly, but this change was not obvious. Conclusions After the spinal manipulation, the sizes of the L4-5 intervertebral foramen of the L4-5 disc with mild and moderate degeneration were significantly larger than those before pushing; in contrast, the size of L4-5 intervertebral foramen of the L4-5 disc with severe lumbar degeneration was not significantly changed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaili Ding
- Fujian Maternity and Children's Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University/Fujian Children's Hospital, Fujian Fuzhou 350000, China
| | - Lijun Liao
- Fujian Maternity and Children's Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University/Fujian Children's Hospital, Fujian Fuzhou 350000, China
| | - Peichun Yan
- Fujian Maternity and Children's Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University/Fujian Children's Hospital, Fujian Fuzhou 350000, China
| | - Xiaolin Zhao
- Fujian Maternity and Children's Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University/Fujian Children's Hospital, Fujian Fuzhou 350000, China
| | - Min Li
- Fujian Maternity and Children's Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University/Fujian Children's Hospital, Fujian Fuzhou 350000, China
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Clinical Efficacy and Safety of "Three-Dimensional Balanced Manipulation" in the Treatment of Cervical Spondylotic Radiculopathy by Finite Element Analysis. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:5563296. [PMID: 33860035 PMCID: PMC8032508 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5563296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Revised: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Cervical spondylotic radiculopathy (CSR) is the most commonly encountered cervical spine disorder. Cervical manipulation has been demonstrated as an effective therapy for patients. However, the mechanisms of manipulations have not been elucidated. A total of 120 cervical spondylotic radiculopathy patients were divided into the “three-dimensional balanced manipulation” treatment group (TBM group) and control group randomly. The control group was treated with traditional massage; the TBM treatment group was treated with “three-dimensional balanced manipulation” based on traditional massage. The symptoms and clinical efficacy of the patients were compared before and after treatment for one month. A three-dimensional finite element model was established. The mechanical parameters were imported to simulate TBM, and finite element analysis was performed. The results showed that the total effective rate was significantly higher in the TBM group compared with the control group. The biomechanical analysis showed the vertebral body stress was mainly distributed in the C3/4 spinous processes; the deformation mainly concentrated in the anterior processes of the C3 vertebral body. The intervertebral disc stress in the C3~C7 segment was mainly distributed in the anterior part of the C3/4 intervertebral disc, and the deformation extends to the posterior part of the C3/4 nucleus pulposus. In summary, these data are suggesting that TBM was effective in CSR treatment. The results of the finite element model and biomechanical analysis provide an important foundation for effectively avoiding iatrogenic injuries and improving the effect of TBM in the treatment of CSR patients.
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Liu J, He X, Niu B, Yang Y, Gao Y, Xiu J, Wang H, Wang Y. Biomechanical properties of a novel nonfusion artificial vertebral body for anterior lumbar vertebra resection and internal fixation. Sci Rep 2021; 11:2632. [PMID: 33514823 PMCID: PMC7846776 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-82086-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to evaluate the biomechanical properties of a novel nonfused artificial vertebral body in treating lumbar diseases and to compare with those of the fusion artificial vertebral body. An intact finite element model of the L1–L5 lumbar spine was constructed and validated. Then, the finite element models of the fusion group and nonfusion group were constructed by replacing the L3 vertebral body and adjacent intervertebral discs with prostheses. For all finite element models, an axial preload of 500 N and another 10 N m imposed on the superior surface of L1. The range of motion and stress peaks in the adjacent discs, endplates, and facet joints were compared among the three groups. The ranges of motion of the L1–2 and L4–5 discs in flexion, extension, left lateral bending, right lateral bending, left rotation and right rotation were greater in the fusion group than those in the intact group and nonfusion group. The fusion group induced the greatest stress peaks in the adjacent discs and adjacent facet joints compared to the intact group and nonfusion group. The nonfused artificial vertebral body could better retain mobility of the surgical site after implantation (3.6°–8.7°), avoid increased mobility and stress of the adjacent discs and facet joints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiantao Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China.
| | - Xijing He
- Department of Orthopedics, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, China
| | - Binbin Niu
- Department of Orthopedics, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Yin Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, Xi'an Central Hospital, Xi'an, 710003, China
| | - Yanzheng Gao
- Department of Spine and Spinal Cord Surgery, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou Umiversity, Zhengzhou, 450003, China
| | - Jintao Xiu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Hongbo Wang
- Department of Spine and Spinal Cord Surgery, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou Umiversity, Zhengzhou, 450003, China
| | - Yanbiao Wang
- Department of Spine and Spinal Cord Surgery, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou Umiversity, Zhengzhou, 450003, China
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Swanson BT, Creighton D. The degenerative lumbar disc: not a disease, but still an important consideration for OMPT practice: a review of the history and science of discogenic instability. J Man Manip Ther 2020; 28:191-200. [PMID: 32364465 PMCID: PMC8550621 DOI: 10.1080/10669817.2020.1758520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A recent AAOMPT position paper was published that opposed the use of the term 'degenerative disc disease' (DDD), in large part because it appears to be a common age-related finding. While common, there are significant physiologic and biomechanical changes that occur as a result of discogenic degeneration, which are relevant to consider during the practice of manual therapy. METHODS A narrative review provides an overview of these considerations, including a historical perspective of discogenic instability, the role of the disc as a pain generator, the basic science of a combined biomechanical and physiologic cycle of degeneration and subsequent discogenic instability, the influence of rotation on the degenerative segment, the implications of these factors for manual therapy practice, and a perspective on an evidence-based treatment approach to patients with concurrent low back pain and discogenic degeneration. CONCLUSIONS As we consider the role of imaging findings such as DDD, we pose the following question: Do our manual interventions reflect the scientifically proven biomechanical aspects of DDD, or have we chosen to ignore the helpful science as we discard the harmful diagnostic label?
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian T. Swanson
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Hartford, West Hartford, CT, USA
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Sun K, Liang L, Yin H, Yu J, Feng M, Zhan J, Jin Z, Yin X, Wei X, Zhu L. Manipulation for treatment of degenerative lumbar spondylolisthesis: A protocol of systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2019; 98:e18135. [PMID: 31804324 PMCID: PMC6919453 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000018135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Degenerative lumbar spondylolisthesis (DLS) is one of the common orthopedic diseases which causes low back pain in patients, which seriously affects people's daily life and work. As a method of conservative treatment of this disease, manipulation is widely used in clinical practice. We will summarize the current published evidence of manipulation in the treatment of DLS, and evaluate the effectiveness and safety of manipulation through systematic review and meta-analysis, so as to provide more reliable evidence for future clinical practice. METHODS We will conduct a comprehensive search of the following 9 databases until January 2019: PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, ClinicalTrials.gov, Web of Science, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure, Chinese Science and Technique Journals Database, Wan Fang Database, and Chinese Biomedical Database. The 2 researchers will independently search, screen, extract data, and evaluate the quality of the literatures. The primary outcomes include clinical effectiveness, Japanese Orthopaedic Association scores, and the secondary outcomes include visual analog scale scores, symptom scores, and adverse events. Bias risk tools provided by Cochrane Collaboration will be used for literature quality assessment, and RevMan 5.3 software will be used for meta-analysis. RESULTS The results of this study will systematically evaluate the effectiveness and safety of manipulation intervention for people with DLS, especially in improving lumbar function scores and pain scores. CONCLUSION The systematic review of this study will summarize the current published evidence of manipulation for the treatment of DLS, which can further guide the promotion and application of it. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION This study does not require ethical approval and the results will be published in a peer-reviewed journal. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42019139933.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Sun
- Department of Spine, Wangjing Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences
| | - Long Liang
- Department of Spine, Wangjing Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences
| | - He Yin
- Department of Spine, Wangjing Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences
| | - Jie Yu
- Department of Spine, Wangjing Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences
| | - Minshan Feng
- Department of Spine, Wangjing Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Orthopedics of Traditional Chinese Medicine
| | | | - Zhefeng Jin
- Department of Spine, Wangjing Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences
| | - Xunlu Yin
- Department of Spine, Wangjing Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences
| | - Xu Wei
- Office of Academic Research, Wangjing Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Liguo Zhu
- Department of Spine, Wangjing Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Orthopedics of Traditional Chinese Medicine
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