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Felli IC, Pierattelli R. Spin-state-selective methods in solution- and solid-state biomolecular 13C NMR. PROGRESS IN NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY 2015; 84-85:1-13. [PMID: 25669738 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnmrs.2014.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2014] [Accepted: 10/26/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Spin-state-selective methods to achieve homonuclear decoupling in the direct acquisition dimension of (13)C detected NMR experiments have been one of the key contributors to converting (13)C detected NMR experiments into really useful tools for studying biomolecules. We discuss here in detail the various methods that have been proposed, summarize the large array of new experiments that have been developed and present applications to different kinds of proteins in different aggregation states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella C Felli
- Magnetic Resonance Center (CERM) and Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, Via L. Sacconi 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.
| | - Roberta Pierattelli
- Magnetic Resonance Center (CERM) and Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, Via L. Sacconi 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.
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2
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Struppe JO, Yang C, Wang Y, Hernandez RV, Shamansky LM, Mueller LJ. Long-observation-window band-selective homonuclear decoupling: increased sensitivity and resolution in solid-state NMR spectroscopy of proteins. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2013; 236:89-94. [PMID: 24095840 PMCID: PMC4017862 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2013.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2013] [Revised: 09/02/2013] [Accepted: 09/05/2013] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Sensitivity and resolution are the two fundamental obstacles to extending solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance to even larger protein systems. Here, a novel long-observation-window band-selective homonuclear decoupling (LOW BASHD) scheme is introduced that increases resolution up to a factor of 3 and sensitivity up to 1.8 by decoupling backbone alpha-carbon (C(α)) and carbonyl (C') nuclei in U-(13)C-labeled proteins during direct (13)C acquisition. This approach introduces short (<200 μs) pulse breaks into much longer (~8 ms) sampling windows to efficiently refocus the J-coupling interaction during detection while avoiding the deleterious effects on sensitivity inherent in rapid stroboscopic band-selective homonuclear decoupling techniques. A significant advantage of LOW-BASHD detection is that it can be directly incorporated into existing correlation methods, as illustrated here for 2D CACO, NCO, and NCA correlation spectroscopy applied to the β1 immunoglobulin binding domain of protein G and 3D CBCACO correlation spectroscopy applied to the α-subunit of tryptophan synthase.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chen Yang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521
| | - Yachong Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521
| | - Roy V. Hernandez
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University, San Bernardino, CA 92407
| | - Lisa M. Shamansky
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University, San Bernardino, CA 92407
| | - Leonard J. Mueller
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521
- Corresponding Author: Leonard J. Mueller, Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521. Phone: (951) 827-3565. Fax: (951) 827-4713.
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Webber AL, Pell AJ, Barbet-Massin E, Knight MJ, Bertini I, Felli IC, Pierattelli R, Emsley L, Lesage A, Pintacuda G. Combination of DQ and ZQ coherences for sensitive through-bond NMR correlation experiments in biosolids under ultra-fast MAS. Chemphyschem 2012; 13:2405-11. [PMID: 22528552 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201200099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2012] [Revised: 04/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
A double-zero quantum (DZQ)-refocused INADEQUATE experiment is introduced for J-based NMR correlations under ultra-fast (60 kHz) magic angle spinning (MAS). The experiment records two spectra in the same dataset, a double quantum-single quantum (DQ-SQ) and zero quantum-single quantum (ZQ-SQ) spectrum, whereby the corresponding signals appear at different chemical shifts in ω(1). Furthermore, the spin-state selective excitation (S(3)E) J-decoupling block is incorporated in place of the second refocusing echo of the INADEQUATE scheme, providing an additional gain in sensitivity and resolution. The two sub-spectra acquired in this way can be treated separately by a shearing transformation, producing two diagonal-free single quantum (SQ-SQ)-type spectra, which are subsequently recombined to give an additional sensitivity enhancement, thus offering an improvement greater than a factor of two as compared to the original refocused INADEQUATE experiment. The combined DZQ scheme retains transverse magnetization on the initially polarized (I) spin, which typically exhibits a longer transverse dephasing time (T(2)') than its through-bond neighbour (S). By doing so, less magnetization is lost during the refocusing periods in the sequence to give even further gains in sensitivity for the J correlations. The experiment is demonstrated for the correlation between the carbonyl (CO) and alpha (CA) carbons in a microcrystalline sample of fully protonated, [(15)N,(13)C]-labelled Cu(II),Zn(II) superoxide dismutase, and its efficiency is discussed with respect to other J-based schemes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy L Webber
- Centre de RMN à Très Hauts Champs, UMR 5280 CNRS/Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, University of Lyon, 5 rue de la Doua, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
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4
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Bertini I, Emsley L, Felli IC, Laage S, Lesage A, Lewandowski JR, Marchetti A, Pierattelli R, Pintacuda G. High-resolution and sensitivity through-bond correlations in ultra-fast magic angle spinning (MAS) solid-state NMR. Chem Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c0sc00397b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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5
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Baltisberger JH, Musapelo T, Sutton B, Reynolds A, Gurung L. Reduction of spin diffusion artifacts from 2D zfr-INADEQUATE MAS NMR spectra. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2011; 208:70-75. [PMID: 21036081 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2010.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2010] [Revised: 10/06/2010] [Accepted: 10/07/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The primary shortcoming of the z-filtered refocused INADEQUATE MAS NMR pulse sequence is the possibility of artifacts introduced during the z-filter due to spin diffusion where by extra peaks in the single-quantum dimension (from other sites in the molecule) appear correlated with a given double-quantum frequency. This is a problem when the spinning speeds are too slow (less than 15 kHz) to sufficiently average the proton-proton homonuclear dipolar couplings. This would be especially important when working with large volume rotors that are difficult to spin fast enough to completely average the homonuclear couplings. In our experiments we used the frequency-switched Lee-Goldberg (FSLG) method of homonuclear decoupling during the z-filter to remove the artifact peaks. This method has the advantage of being quite easy to setup and implement on most modern NMR spectrometers.
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Köneke SG, van Beek JD, Ernst M, Meier BH. Characteristics of zero-quantum correlation spectroscopy in MAS NMR experiments. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2010; 207:197-205. [PMID: 20920869 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2010.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2010] [Revised: 08/29/2010] [Accepted: 08/31/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Zero-quantum coherence generation and reconversion in magic-angle spinning solid-state NMR is analyzed. Two methods are discussed based on implementations using symmetry-based pulse sequences that utilize either isotropic J couplings or dipolar couplings. In either case, the decoupling of abundant proton spins plays a crucial role for the efficiency of the zero-quantum generation. We present optimized sequences for measuring zero-quantum single-quantum correlation spectra in solids, achieving an efficiency of 50% in ubiquitin. The advantages and disadvantages of zero-quantum single-quantum over single-quantum single-quantum correlation spectroscopy are explored, and similarities and differences with double-quantum single-quantum correlation spectroscopy are discussed. Finally, possible application of zero-quantum single-quantum experiments to polypeptides, where it can lead to better spectral resolution is investigated using ubiquitin, where we find high efficiency and high selectivity, but also increased line widths in the MQ dimension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie G Köneke
- ETH Zürich, Physical Chemistry, Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse 10, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
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7
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Manjunatha Reddy GN, Nayak SK, Guru Row TN, Suryaprakash N. Proton NMR studies of dihalogenated phenyl benzamides: two-dimensional higher quantum methodologies. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY : MRC 2009; 47:684-692. [PMID: 19444855 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.2449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The scalar coupled proton NMR spectra of many organic molecules possessing more than one phenyl ring are generally complex due to degeneracy of transitions arising from the closely resonating protons, in addition to several short- and long-range couplings experienced by each proton. Analogous situations are generally encountered in derivatives of halogenated benzanilides. Extraction of information from such spectra is challenging and demands the differentiation of spectrum pertaining to each phenyl ring and the simplification of their spectral complexity. The present study employs the blend of independent spin system filtering and the spin-state selective detection of single quantum (SQ) transitions by the two-dimensional multiple quantum (MQ) methodology in achieving this goal. The precise values of the scalar couplings of very small magnitudes have been derived by double quantum resolved experiments. The experiments also provide the relative signs of heteronuclear couplings. Studies on four isomers of dihalogenated benzanilides are reported in this work.
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Laage S, Lesage A, Emsley L, Bertini I, Felli IC, Pierattelli R, Pintacuda G. Transverse-Dephasing Optimized Homonuclear J-Decoupling in Solid-State NMR Spectroscopy of Uniformly 13C-Labeled Proteins. J Am Chem Soc 2009; 131:10816-7. [DOI: 10.1021/ja903542h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ségolène Laage
- Université de Lyon, CNRS/ ENS Lyon/ UCB-Lyon 1, Centre RMN à Très Hauts Champs, 5 rue de la Doua, 69100 Villeurbanne, France, and Department of Chemistry and Magnetic Resonance Center (CERM), University of Florence, Via Luigi Sacconi 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Anne Lesage
- Université de Lyon, CNRS/ ENS Lyon/ UCB-Lyon 1, Centre RMN à Très Hauts Champs, 5 rue de la Doua, 69100 Villeurbanne, France, and Department of Chemistry and Magnetic Resonance Center (CERM), University of Florence, Via Luigi Sacconi 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Lyndon Emsley
- Université de Lyon, CNRS/ ENS Lyon/ UCB-Lyon 1, Centre RMN à Très Hauts Champs, 5 rue de la Doua, 69100 Villeurbanne, France, and Department of Chemistry and Magnetic Resonance Center (CERM), University of Florence, Via Luigi Sacconi 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Ivano Bertini
- Université de Lyon, CNRS/ ENS Lyon/ UCB-Lyon 1, Centre RMN à Très Hauts Champs, 5 rue de la Doua, 69100 Villeurbanne, France, and Department of Chemistry and Magnetic Resonance Center (CERM), University of Florence, Via Luigi Sacconi 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Isabella C. Felli
- Université de Lyon, CNRS/ ENS Lyon/ UCB-Lyon 1, Centre RMN à Très Hauts Champs, 5 rue de la Doua, 69100 Villeurbanne, France, and Department of Chemistry and Magnetic Resonance Center (CERM), University of Florence, Via Luigi Sacconi 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Roberta Pierattelli
- Université de Lyon, CNRS/ ENS Lyon/ UCB-Lyon 1, Centre RMN à Très Hauts Champs, 5 rue de la Doua, 69100 Villeurbanne, France, and Department of Chemistry and Magnetic Resonance Center (CERM), University of Florence, Via Luigi Sacconi 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Guido Pintacuda
- Université de Lyon, CNRS/ ENS Lyon/ UCB-Lyon 1, Centre RMN à Très Hauts Champs, 5 rue de la Doua, 69100 Villeurbanne, France, and Department of Chemistry and Magnetic Resonance Center (CERM), University of Florence, Via Luigi Sacconi 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
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9
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Gao W, Alemany LB, Ci L, Ajayan PM. New insights into the structure and reduction of graphite oxide. Nat Chem 2009; 1:403-8. [PMID: 21378895 DOI: 10.1038/nchem.281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1076] [Impact Index Per Article: 71.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2009] [Accepted: 06/03/2009] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Graphite oxide is one of the main precursors of graphene-based materials, which are highly promising for various technological applications because of their unusual electronic properties. Although epoxy and hydroxyl groups are widely accepted as its main functionalities, the complete structure of graphite oxide has remained elusive. By interpreting spectroscopic data in the context of the major functional groups believed to be present in graphite oxide, we now show evidence for the presence of five- and six-membered-ring lactols. On the basis of this chemical composition, we devised a complete reduction process through chemical conversion by sodium borohydride and sulfuric acid treatment, followed by thermal annealing. Only small amounts of impurities are present in the final product (less than 0.5 wt% of sulfur and nitrogen, compared with about 3 wt% with other chemical reductions). This method is particularly effective in the restoration of the π-conjugated structure, and leads to highly soluble and conductive graphene materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Gao
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, USA
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10
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Manjunatha Reddy GN, Guru Row TN, Suryaprakash N. Discerning the degenerate transitions of scalar coupled 1H NMR spectra: correlation and resolved techniques at higher quantum. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2009; 196:119-126. [PMID: 19010704 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2008.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2008] [Revised: 10/14/2008] [Accepted: 10/25/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The blend of spin topological filtering and the spin state selective detection of single quantum transitions by the two dimensional multiple quantum-single quantum correlation and higher quantum resolved techniques have been employed for simplifying the complexity of scalar coupled (1)H NMR spectra. The conventional two dimensional COSY and TOCSY experiments, though identify the coupled spin networks, fail to differentiate them due to severe overlap of transitions. Non-selective excitation of homonuclear higher quantum of protons results in filtering of spin systems irrespective of their spin topologies. The spin state selection by passive (19)F spins provides fewer transitions in each cross section of the single quantum dimension simplifying the analyses of the complex spectra. The degenerate single quantum transitions are further discerned by spin selective double and/or triple quantum resolved experiments that mimic simultaneous heteronuclear and selective homonuclear decoupling in the higher quantum dimension. The techniques aided the determination of precise values of spectral parameters and relative signs of the couplings.
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Affiliation(s)
- G N Manjunatha Reddy
- NMR Research Centre, Indian Institute of Science, SIF, Bangalore, Karnataka 560 012, India
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11
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Lesage A. Recent advances in solid-state NMR spectroscopy of spin I = 1/2 nuclei. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2009; 11:6876-91. [DOI: 10.1039/b907733m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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12
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Hebbar S, Suryaprakash N. Spin-selective multiple quantum excitation: relative signs of the couplings and ambiguous situations. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2008; 194:192-201. [PMID: 18653365 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2008.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2008] [Revised: 06/28/2008] [Accepted: 07/01/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Homonuclear higher quantum NMR spectra of heteronuclear spin systems result in fewer transitions aiding the analyses. In such experiments the spin states of the heteronuclei do not get disturbed in both single and multiple quantum dimensions resulting in the separation of active homonuclear and passive heteronuclear couplings in two dimensions. The cross sections of the single-quantum dimension get displaced according to the strengths of the passive couplings. The directions of the displacement of these cross sections provide relative signs among the passive couplings. The present study demonstrates the situations when the displacement vectors, though provide the relative signs, could be ambiguous. The dynamics of the spin systems in homo- and heteronuclear multiple quantum studies have been discussed using polarization operator approach. The experimental results on (13)C- and (15)N-labeled isotopomers of acetonitrile, in both isotropic and thermotropic liquid crystalline phases, are reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sankeerth Hebbar
- Solid State and Structural Chemistry Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecil Dybowski*
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716
| | - Shi Bai
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716
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Baishya B, Prabhu UR, Suryaprakash N. Spin state selective coherence transfer: a method for discrimination and complete analyses of the overlapped and unresolved 1H NMR spectra of enantiomers. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2008; 192:101-111. [PMID: 18308600 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2008.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2007] [Revised: 01/11/2008] [Accepted: 02/07/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
In general, the proton NMR spectra of chiral molecules aligned in the chiral liquid crystalline media are broad and featureless. The analyses of such intricate NMR spectra and their routine use for spectral discrimination of R and S optical enantiomers are hindered. A method is developed in the present study which involves spin state selective two dimensional correlation of higher quantum coherence to its single quantum coherence of a chemically isolated group of coupled protons. This enables the spin state selective detection of proton single quantum transitions based on the spin states of the passive nuclei. The technique provides the relative signs and magnitudes of the couplings by overcoming the problems of enantiomer discrimination, spectral complexity and poor resolution, permitting the complete analyses of the otherwise broad and featureless spectra. A non-selective 180 degrees pulse in the middle of MQ dimension retains all the remote passive couplings. This accompanied by spin selective MQ-SQ conversion leads to spin state selective coherence transfer. The removal of field inhomogeneity contributes to dramatically enhanced resolution. The difference in the cumulative additive values of chemical shift anisotropies and the passive couplings, between the enantiomers, achieved by detecting Nth quantum coherence of N magnetically equivalent spins provides enhanced separation of enantiomer peaks. The developed methodology has been demonstrated on four different chiral molecules with varied number of interacting spins, each having a chiral centre.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bikash Baishya
- Solid State and Structural Chemistry Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560 012, India
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Baishya B, Suryaprakash N. Spin selective multiple quantum NMR for spectral simplification, determination of relative signs, and magnitudes of scalar couplings by spin state selection. J Chem Phys 2007; 127:214510. [DOI: 10.1063/1.2803900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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16
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Chen L, Kaiser JM, Lai J, Polenova T, Yang J, Rienstra CM, Mueller LJ. J-based 2D homonuclear and heteronuclear correlation in solid-state proteins. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY : MRC 2007; 45 Suppl 1:S84-S92. [PMID: 18157839 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.2107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Scalar-based two-dimensional heteronuclear experiments are reported for NCO and NCA chemical shift correlation in the solid state. In conjunction with homonuclear CACO correlation, these experiments form a useful set for tracing connectivities and assigning backbone resonances in solid-state proteins. The applicability of this approach is demonstrated on two proteins, the β 1 immunoglobulin binding domain of protein G at 9.4 T and reassembled thioredoxin at 14.1 T, using different decoupling conditions and MAS frequencies. These constant-time J-based correlation experiments exhibit increased resolution in the indirect dimension owing to homonuclear and heteronuclear decoupling, and because the indirect evolution and transfer periods are combined into a single constant time interval, this increased resolution is not obtained at the cost of sensitivity. These experiments are also shown to be compatible with in-phase anti-phase (IPAP) selection, giving increased resolution in the directly detected dimension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, USA
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Böckmann A. High-resolution solid-state MAS NMR of proteins-Crh as an example. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY : MRC 2007; 45 Suppl 1:S24-S31. [PMID: 18081212 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.2106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2007] [Revised: 09/04/2007] [Accepted: 09/12/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Solid-state NMR spectroscopy provides unique possibilities for the structural investigation of insoluble molecules at the atomic level. Recent efforts aim at solving the complete structures of biological macromolecules using high-resolution magic angle spinning NMR. Structurally homogenous samples of [(13)C,(15)N]-labeled proteins have to be used in this type of studies. Microcrystalline model proteins present valuable tools for the developments of methods towards this goal. This review discusses recent progress in the field, using the Crh protein as an illustrative example. We discuss strategies for resonance assignments and for the determination of structure and dynamics, as well as techniques for the detection of protein interaction partners and folding mechanisms by solid-state NMR methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Böckmann
- IFR 128 BioSciences Lyon-Gerland, IBCP UMR 5086 CNRS/Université de Lyon Claude Bernard, 7 passage du Vercors, 69367 Lyon, France.
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Bermel W, Bertini I, Felli IC, Matzapetakis M, Pierattelli R, Theil EC, Turano P. A method for C(alpha) direct-detection in protonless NMR. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2007; 188:301-10. [PMID: 17719814 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2007.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2007] [Revised: 07/05/2007] [Accepted: 07/18/2007] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Attempts are made to efficiently decouple (13)C nuclei without significant loss of coherence during the application of the decoupling package. Such attempts are based on the S(3)E spin-state selection method. A newly developed double S(3)E (DS(3)E) is particularly efficient for C(alpha) detection for proteins as large as 480 kDa.
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van Beek JD. matNMR: a flexible toolbox for processing, analyzing and visualizing magnetic resonance data in Matlab. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2007; 187:19-26. [PMID: 17448713 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2007.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2007] [Revised: 03/23/2007] [Accepted: 03/26/2007] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
matNMR (matnmr.sourceforge.net) is a toolbox for processing, analyzing and visualizing magnetic-resonance data within the Matlab environment (www.mathworks.com) that aims for control, flexibility and extendability. Processing can be done using either a graphical user interface or with command-line scripts, both of which allow user-defined processing or analysis functions to be incorporated at any time. The direct access to data points during processing, and the extensive library of mathematical and visualization routines provided by Matlab, afford the high degree of control and flexibility needed in modern magnetic-resonance research.
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