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Somasundaram M, NarendraKumar U. Electrochemical corrosion behaviour of stir cast and heat-treated EV31A magnesium alloy in different electrolytic mediums. J APPL ELECTROCHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10800-022-01778-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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2
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Gallez B. The Role of Imaging Biomarkers to Guide Pharmacological Interventions Targeting Tumor Hypoxia. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:853568. [PMID: 35910347 PMCID: PMC9335493 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.853568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia is a common feature of solid tumors that contributes to angiogenesis, invasiveness, metastasis, altered metabolism and genomic instability. As hypoxia is a major actor in tumor progression and resistance to radiotherapy, chemotherapy and immunotherapy, multiple approaches have emerged to target tumor hypoxia. It includes among others pharmacological interventions designed to alleviate tumor hypoxia at the time of radiation therapy, prodrugs that are selectively activated in hypoxic cells or inhibitors of molecular targets involved in hypoxic cell survival (i.e., hypoxia inducible factors HIFs, PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway, unfolded protein response). While numerous strategies were successful in pre-clinical models, their translation in the clinical practice has been disappointing so far. This therapeutic failure often results from the absence of appropriate stratification of patients that could benefit from targeted interventions. Companion diagnostics may help at different levels of the research and development, and in matching a patient to a specific intervention targeting hypoxia. In this review, we discuss the relative merits of the existing hypoxia biomarkers, their current status and the challenges for their future validation as companion diagnostics adapted to the nature of the intervention.
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Stasiak B, Czapik A, Kwit M. Dynamic Induction of Optical Activity in Triarylmethanols and Their Carbocations. J Org Chem 2021; 86:643-656. [PMID: 33348985 PMCID: PMC7872417 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c02289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
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A series of artificial triarylmethanols
has been synthesized and
studied toward the possibility of exhibiting an induced optical activity.
The observed chiroptical response of these compounds resulted from
the chiral conformation of a triarylmethyl core. The chirality induction
from a permanent chirality element to the liable triarylmethyl core
proceeds as a cooperative and cascade process. The OH···O(R)
and/or (H)O···HorthoC hydrogen
bond formation along with the C–H···π
interactions seem to be the most important factors that control efficiency
of the chirality induction. The position of chiral and methoxy electron-donating
groups within a trityl skeleton affects the amplitude of observed
Cotton effects and stability of the trityl carbocations. In the neutral
environment, the most intense Cotton effects are observed for ortho-substituted derivatives, which undergo a rapid decomposition
associated with the complete decay of ECD signals upon acidification.
From all of the in situ generated stable carbocations, only two exhibit
intense Cotton effects in the low energy region at around 450 nm.
The formation of carbocations is reversible; after alkalization, the
ions return to the original neutral forms. Unlike most triarylmethyl
derivatives known so far, in the crystal, the triarylmethanol, para-substituted with the chiral moiety, shows a propensity
for a solid-state sorting phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartosz Stasiak
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznanskiego 8, 61 614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Czapik
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznanskiego 8, 61 614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Marcin Kwit
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznanskiego 8, 61 614 Poznań, Poland.,Centre for Advanced Technologies, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznanskiego 10, 61 614 Poznań, Poland
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4
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Wang X, Peng C, He K, Ji K, Tan X, Han G, Liu Y, Liu Y, Song Y. Intracellular delivery of liposome-encapsulated Finland trityl radicals for EPR oximetry. Analyst 2020; 145:4964-4971. [PMID: 32510063 DOI: 10.1039/d0an00108b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Tetrathiatriarylmethyl (TAM, trityl) radicals have found wide applications in electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) oximetry. However, the biomedical applications of TAM radicals were exclusively limited to an extracellular region owing to their negatively charged nature. The intracellular delivery of TAM radicals still remains a challenge. In the present work, we report a liposome-based method to encapsulate the water-soluble Finland trityl radical CT-03 for its intracellular delivery. Using the thin lipid film hydration method, CT-03-loaded liposomes were prepared from DSPC/cholesterol/DOTAP with a mean size of 167.5 ± 2.4 nm and a zeta potential of 27.8 ± 0.8 mV. EPR results showed that CT-03 was entrapped into the liposomes and still exhibited good oxygen (O2) sensitivity. Moreover, CT-03 was successfully delivered into HepG2 cells and HUVECs using the CT-03-loaded liposomes. Importantly, the combination of the liposome-encapsulated radical CT-03 and the other TAM radical CT02-H enabled simultaneous measurements of the intracellular and extracellular O2 concentrations and O2 consumption rates in HepG2 cells. Our present study provides a new approach for intracellular delivery of TAM radicals and could significantly expand their biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics, School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, P. R. China.
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5
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Li Y, Zhai W, Liao Y, Nie J, Han G, Song Y, Li S, Hou J, Liu Y. Synthesis of Central Chirality-Containing Triarylmethanols and Triarylmethyl Radicals with Extraordinarily Stable Configurations. J Org Chem 2019; 84:11774-11782. [PMID: 31454244 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b01675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Triarylmethanol adopts a propeller-shaped conformation with either right-handed (P) or left-handed (M) configuration. Herein, new triarylmethanols with two chiral centers were obtained via introduction of two cis-hydroxyl groups on the side chains, affording four stereoisomers. These four stereoisomers were easily separated by silica gel column chromatography into two pairs of propeller-shaped enantiomers, as shown by NMR and X-ray crystallographic studies. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) studies showed that the configurations of the hydroxyl-bearing triarylmethanols are much more stable than those of the bulky tert-butyldimethylsilyl-protected precursors, inconsistent with the general strategy in which the steric repulsion is largely responsible for the configurational stability. Similarly, two hydroxyl-bearing tetrathiatriarylmethyl (TAM) radicals also exhibit excellent configurational stability and are thus separable by CS-HPLC into four stereoisomers. Interestingly, both helical chirality from triaryl group (M or P) and central chirality (R and S) on the side chain have little effect on their electron paramagnetic resonance properties. Our present study provides a new strategy to construct configurationally stable triaryl compounds and demonstrates that the side chain on TAM radicals is a new site for their structural modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingchun Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics, School of Pharmacy , Tianjin Medical University , Tianjin 300070 , P. R. China
| | - Weixiang Zhai
- Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics, School of Pharmacy , Tianjin Medical University , Tianjin 300070 , P. R. China
| | - Yongfang Liao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics, School of Pharmacy , Tianjin Medical University , Tianjin 300070 , P. R. China
| | - Jiangping Nie
- Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics, School of Pharmacy , Tianjin Medical University , Tianjin 300070 , P. R. China
| | - Guifang Han
- Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics, School of Pharmacy , Tianjin Medical University , Tianjin 300070 , P. R. China
| | - Yuguang Song
- Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics, School of Pharmacy , Tianjin Medical University , Tianjin 300070 , P. R. China
| | - Shaoyong Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics, School of Pharmacy , Tianjin Medical University , Tianjin 300070 , P. R. China
| | - Jingli Hou
- Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics, School of Pharmacy , Tianjin Medical University , Tianjin 300070 , P. R. China
| | - Yangping Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics, School of Pharmacy , Tianjin Medical University , Tianjin 300070 , P. R. China
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6
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Lampp L, Rogozhnikova OY, Trukhin DV, Tormyshev VM, Bowman MK, Devasahayam N, Krishna MC, Mäder K, Imming P. A radical containing injectable in-situ-oleogel and emulgel for prolonged in-vivo oxygen measurements with CW EPR. Free Radic Biol Med 2019; 130:120-127. [PMID: 30416100 PMCID: PMC8195441 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.10.442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Revised: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Molecular oxygen, reactive oxygen species and free radicals derived from oxygen play important roles in a broad spectrum of physiological and pathological processes. The quantitative measurement of molecular oxygen in tissues by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) has great potential for understanding and diagnosing a number of diseases, and for developing and guiding therapies. This requires improvements in the free radical probe systems that sense and report molecular oxygen levels in vivo. We report on the encapsulation of existing free radical probes in lipophilic gel implants: an in-situ-oleogel and an emulgel, based only on well-known, safe excipients for the incorporation of lipophilic and hydrophilic radicals, respectively. The EPR signals of encapsulated radicals were not altered compared to dissolved radicals. The high solubility of oxygen in lipophilic solvents enhanced oxygen sensitivity. The gels extended the lifetime of the radicals in tissues from tens of minutes to many days, simplifying studies with extended series of measurements. The encapsulated radicals showed a good in vivo response to changes in oxygen supply and seem to circumvent concerns from toxicity of the radical probes. These gels simplify the development of new oxygen-sensitive free radical probes for EPR oximetry by making their in vivo stability, persistence and toxicity a function of the encapsulating gel and not a set of additional requirements for the free radical probe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Lampp
- Institute of Pharmacy, Martin Luther University Halle Wittenberg, Wolfgang-Langenbeck-Str. 4, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany; Radiation Biology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Building 10, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892-1002, USA
| | - Olga Yu Rogozhnikova
- N. N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry SB RAS, 9, Lavrentjev Ave, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia; Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Dmitry V Trukhin
- N. N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry SB RAS, 9, Lavrentjev Ave, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia; Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Victor M Tormyshev
- N. N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry SB RAS, 9, Lavrentjev Ave, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia; Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Michael K Bowman
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, The University of Alabama, Box 870336, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487-0336, USA
| | - Nllathamby Devasahayam
- Radiation Biology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Building 10, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892-1002, USA
| | - Murali C Krishna
- Radiation Biology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Building 10, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892-1002, USA
| | - Karsten Mäder
- Institute of Pharmacy, Martin Luther University Halle Wittenberg, Wolfgang-Langenbeck-Str. 4, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Peter Imming
- Institute of Pharmacy, Martin Luther University Halle Wittenberg, Wolfgang-Langenbeck-Str. 4, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany.
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7
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Nel J, Desmet CM, Driesschaert B, Saulnier P, Lemaire L, Gallez B. Preparation and evaluation of trityl-loaded lipid nanocapsules as oxygen sensors for electron paramagnetic resonance oximetry. Int J Pharm 2019; 554:87-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2018.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2018] [Revised: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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8
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Liu W, Nie J, Tan X, Liu H, Yu N, Han G, Zhu Y, Villamena FA, Song Y, Zweier JL, Liu Y. Synthesis and Characterization of PEGylated Trityl Radicals: Effect of PEGylation on Physicochemical Properties. J Org Chem 2016; 82:588-596. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b02590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenbo Liu
- Tianjin
Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics
and Diagnostics, School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, P. R. China
| | - Jiangping Nie
- Tianjin
Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics
and Diagnostics, School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoli Tan
- Tianjin
Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics
and Diagnostics, School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, P. R. China
| | - Huiqiang Liu
- Tianjin
Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics
and Diagnostics, School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, P. R. China
| | - Nannan Yu
- Tianjin
Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics
and Diagnostics, School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, P. R. China
| | - Guifang Han
- Tianjin
Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics
and Diagnostics, School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, P. R. China
| | - Yutian Zhu
- State
Key
Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of
Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
| | - Frederick A. Villamena
- Department
of Biological Chemistry and Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Yuguang Song
- Tianjin
Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics
and Diagnostics, School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, P. R. China
| | - Jay L. Zweier
- Center
for Biomedical EPR Spectroscopy and Imaging, The Davis Heart and Lung
Research Institute, the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department
of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Yangping Liu
- Tianjin
Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics
and Diagnostics, School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, P. R. China
- Center
for Biomedical EPR Spectroscopy and Imaging, The Davis Heart and Lung
Research Institute, the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department
of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
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9
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Gallez B. Contribution of Harold M. Swartz to In Vivo EPR and EPR Dosimetry. RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY 2016; 172:16-37. [PMID: 27421469 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncw157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In 2015, we are celebrating half a century of research in the application of Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) as a biodosimetry tool to evaluate the dose received by irradiated people. During the EPR Biodose 2015 meeting, a special session was organized to acknowledge the pioneering contribution of Harold M. (Hal) Swartz in the field. The article summarizes his main contribution in physiology and medicine. Four emerging themes have been pursued continuously along his career since its beginning: (1) radiation biology; (2) oxygen and oxidation; (3) measuring physiology in vivo; and (4) application of these measurements in clinical medicine. The common feature among all these different subjects has been the use of magnetic resonance techniques, especially EPR. In this article, you will find an impressionist portrait of Hal Swartz with the description of the 'making of' this pioneer, a time-line perspective on his career with the creation of three National Institutes of Health-funded EPR centers, a topic-oriented perspective on his career with a description of his major contributions to Science, his role as a mentor and his influence on his academic children, his active role as founder of scientific societies and organizer of scientific meetings, and the well-deserved international recognition received so far.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernard Gallez
- Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Biomedical Magnetic Resonance Research Group, Avenue Mounier 73.08, B-1200, Brussels, Belgium
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10
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Dhimitruka I, Alzarie YA, Hemann C, Samouilov A, Zweier JL. Trityl radicals in perfluorocarbon emulsions as stable, sensitive, and biocompatible oximetry probes. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2016; 26:5685-5688. [PMID: 27836400 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.10.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Revised: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
EPR oximetry with the use of trityl radicals can enable sensitive O2 measurement in biological cells and tissues. However, in vitro cellular and in vivo biological applications are limited by rapid trityl probe degradation or biological clearance and the need to enhance probe O2 sensitivity. We synthesized novel perfluorocarbon (PFC) emulsions, ∼200nm droplet size, containing esterified perchlorinated triphenyl methyl (PTM) radicals dispersed in physiological aqueous buffers. These formulations exhibit excellent EPR signal stability, over 20-fold greater than free PTM probes, with high oxygen sensitivity ∼17mG/mmHg enabling pO2 measurement in aqueous solutions or cell suspensions with sensitivity >0.5mmHg. Thus, PFC-PTM probes hold great promise to enable combined O2 delivery and sensing as needed to restore or enhance tissue oxygenation in disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilirian Dhimitruka
- Department of Internal Medicine, Davis Heart & Lung Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Yasmin Alsayed Alzarie
- Department of Internal Medicine, Davis Heart & Lung Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Craig Hemann
- Department of Internal Medicine, Davis Heart & Lung Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Alexandre Samouilov
- Department of Internal Medicine, Davis Heart & Lung Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Jay L Zweier
- Department of Internal Medicine, Davis Heart & Lung Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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11
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Abbas K, Boutier-Pischon A, Auger F, Françon D, Almario A, Frapart YM. In vivo triarylmethyl radical stabilization through encapsulation in Pluronic F-127 hydrogel. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2016; 270:147-156. [PMID: 27479038 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2016.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Revised: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In vivo electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) imaging and spectroscopy are non-invasive technologies used to specifically detect and quantify paramagnetic species. However, the relative instability of spin probes such as triarylmethyl radicals limits their application to conduct oxygen quantification and mapping. In this study we encapsulated tetrathiatriarylmethyl radical (TAM; known as "Finland" probe) in Pluronic F-127 hydrogel (PF-127) in order to limit its degradation and evaluate its in vitro and in vivo EPR properties as a function of oxygen. Our results show that the EPR signal of encapsulated TAM in PF-127 hydrogel is similar to the one in solution. Although it is less sensitive to oxygen, it is suitable for oximetry. We also demonstrated that the incorporation of TAM in PF-127 hydrogel leads to an improved in vivo EPR stability of the radical under anesthesia. This new formulation enables high quality EPR imaging and oximetry and paves the way for the application of TAM radical-based probes in various biomedical fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kahina Abbas
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Biochimie Pharmacologiques et Toxicologiques (UMR CNRS 8601), FR3657 CICB, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 45 rue des Saints-Pères, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Audrey Boutier-Pischon
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Biochimie Pharmacologiques et Toxicologiques (UMR CNRS 8601), FR3657 CICB, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 45 rue des Saints-Pères, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Florian Auger
- Integrated Drug Discovery, Sanofi R&D, 1, Avenue Pierre-Brossolette, 91385 Chilly-Mazarin, France
| | - Dominique Françon
- Translational Science Unit, Sanofi R&D, 1, Avenue Pierre-Brossolette, 91385 Chilly-Mazarin, France
| | - Antonio Almario
- Integrated Drug Discovery, Sanofi R&D, 1, Avenue Pierre-Brossolette, 91385 Chilly-Mazarin, France
| | - Yves-Michel Frapart
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Biochimie Pharmacologiques et Toxicologiques (UMR CNRS 8601), FR3657 CICB, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 45 rue des Saints-Pères, 75006 Paris, France.
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12
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Frank J, Elewa M, Said MM, El Shihawy HA, El-Sadek M, Müller D, Meister A, Hause G, Drescher S, Metz H, Imming P, Mäder K. Synthesis, Characterization, and Nanoencapsulation of Tetrathiatriarylmethyl and Tetrachlorotriarylmethyl (Trityl) Radical Derivatives—A Study To Advance Their Applicability as in Vivo EPR Oxygen Sensors. J Org Chem 2015; 80:6754-66. [PMID: 26020133 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.5b00918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Tissue oxygenation plays an important role in the pathophysiology of various diseases and is often a marker of prognosis and therapeutic response. EPR (ESR) is a suitable noninvasive oximetry technique. However, to reliably deploy soluble EPR probes as oxygen sensors in complex biological systems, there is still a need to investigate and improve their specificity, sensitivity, and stability. We reproducibly synthesized various derivatives of tetrathiatriarylmethyl and tetrachlorotriarylmethyl (trityl) radicals. Hydrophilic radicals were investigated in aqueous solution mimicking physiological conditions by, e.g., variation of viscosity and ionic strength. Their specificity was satisfactory, but the oxygen sensitivity was low. To enhance the capability of trityl radicals as oxygen sensors, encapsulation into oily core nanocapsules was performed. Thus, different lipophilic triesters were prepared and characterized in oily solution employing oils typically used in drug formulations, i.e., middle-chain triglycerides and isopropyl myristate. Our screening identified the deuterated ethyl ester of D-TAM (radical 13) to be suitable. It had an extremely narrow single EPR line under anoxic conditions and excellent oxygen sensitivity. After encapsulation, it retained its oxygen responsiveness and was protected against reduction by ascorbic acid. These biocompatible and highly sensitive nanosensors offer great potential for future EPR oximetry applications in preclinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliane Frank
- †Institut für Pharmazie, Martin-Luther-Universität (MLU) Halle-Wittenberg, Wolfgang-Langenbeck-Strasse 4, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Marwa Elewa
- †Institut für Pharmazie, Martin-Luther-Universität (MLU) Halle-Wittenberg, Wolfgang-Langenbeck-Strasse 4, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany.,‡Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, P.O. 41522, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Mohamed M Said
- ‡Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, P.O. 41522, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Hosam A El Shihawy
- ‡Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, P.O. 41522, Ismailia, Egypt
| | | | - Diana Müller
- †Institut für Pharmazie, Martin-Luther-Universität (MLU) Halle-Wittenberg, Wolfgang-Langenbeck-Strasse 4, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Annette Meister
- ⊥Center for Structure and Dynamics of Proteins (MZP), Biocenter Martin-Luther-Universität (MLU) Halle-Wittenberg, Weinbergweg 22, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Gerd Hause
- #Biocenter Martin-Luther-Universität (MLU) Halle-Wittenberg, Weinbergweg 22, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Simon Drescher
- †Institut für Pharmazie, Martin-Luther-Universität (MLU) Halle-Wittenberg, Wolfgang-Langenbeck-Strasse 4, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Hendrik Metz
- †Institut für Pharmazie, Martin-Luther-Universität (MLU) Halle-Wittenberg, Wolfgang-Langenbeck-Strasse 4, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Peter Imming
- †Institut für Pharmazie, Martin-Luther-Universität (MLU) Halle-Wittenberg, Wolfgang-Langenbeck-Strasse 4, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Karsten Mäder
- †Institut für Pharmazie, Martin-Luther-Universität (MLU) Halle-Wittenberg, Wolfgang-Langenbeck-Strasse 4, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
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13
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Boutier-Pischon A, Auger F, Noël JM, Almario A, Frapart YM. EPR and electrochemical quantification of oxygen using newly synthesized para-silylated triarylmethyl radicals. Free Radic Res 2014; 49:236-43. [PMID: 25488370 DOI: 10.3109/10715762.2014.995183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Novel silylated triarylmethyl (TAM) radicals based on TAM core CT-03 and their electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectra are evaluated as a function of oxygen concentration. Combination of peak-to-peak linewidth of the EPR signal and electrochemical determination allows designing a method for oxygen quantification in phosphate buffer, dimethylsulfoxide, and dichloromethane, which can be extended to other solvents.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Boutier-Pischon
- LCBPT, UMR 8601 CNRS-Paris Descartes University , Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris , France
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14
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Maali A, Mosavian MTH. Preparation and Application of Nanoemulsions in the Last Decade (2000–2010). J DISPER SCI TECHNOL 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/01932691.2011.648498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Khan N, Blinco JP, Bottle SE, Hosokawa K, Swartz HM, Micallef AS. The evaluation of new and isotopically labeled isoindoline nitroxides and an azaphenalene nitroxide for EPR oximetry. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2011; 211:170-7. [PMID: 21665499 PMCID: PMC3143274 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2011.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2010] [Revised: 05/14/2011] [Accepted: 05/14/2011] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Isoindoline nitroxides are potentially useful probes for viable biological systems, exhibiting low cytotoxicity, moderate rates of biological reduction and favorable Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) characteristics. We have evaluated the anionic (5-carboxy-1,1,3,3-tetramethylisoindolin-2-yloxyl; CTMIO), cationic (5-(N,N,N-trimethylammonio)-1,1,3,3-tetramethylisoindolin-2-yloxyl iodide, QATMIO) and neutral (1,1,3,3-tetramethylisoindolin-2-yloxyl; TMIO) nitroxides and their isotopically labeled analogs ((2)H(12)- and/or (2)H(12)-(15)N-labeled) as potential EPR oximetry probes. An active ester analogue of CTMIO, designed to localize intracellularly, and the azaphenalene nitroxide 1,1,3,3-tetramethyl-2,3-dihydro-2-azaphenalen-2-yloxyl (TMAO) were also studied. While the EPR spectra of the unlabeled nitroxides exhibit high sensitivity to O(2) concentration, deuteration resulted in a loss of superhyperfine features and a subsequent reduction in O(2) sensitivity. Labeling the nitroxides with (15)N increased the signal intensity and this may be useful in decreasing the detection limits for in vivo measurements. The active ester nitroxide showed approximately 6% intracellular localization and low cytotoxicity. The EPR spectra of TMAO nitroxide indicated an increased rigidity in the nitroxide ring, due to dibenzo-annulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadeem Khan
- EPR Centre for Viable Systems, Department of Radiology, Dartmouth Medical School, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, USA
| | - James P. Blinco
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Free Radical Chemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland 4001, Australia
| | - Steven E. Bottle
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Free Radical Chemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland 4001, Australia
| | - Kazuyuki Hosokawa
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Free Radical Chemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland 4001, Australia
| | - Harold M. Swartz
- EPR Centre for Viable Systems, Department of Radiology, Dartmouth Medical School, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, USA
| | - Aaron S. Micallef
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology and School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
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Driesschaert B, Robiette R, Lucaccioni F, Gallez B, Marchand-Brynaert J. Chiral properties of tetrathiatriarylmethyl spin probes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2011; 47:4793-5. [DOI: 10.1039/c1cc10988j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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