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Kamide T, Noda Y, Takeda K. 14N NMR of magnetically oriented microcrystals. SOLID STATE NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE 2024; 131:101924. [PMID: 38613940 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssnmr.2024.101924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
14N NMR of magnetically oriented microcrystals is reported. With a home-built 1H-13C-14N probe capable of modulating the rotation of the sample around the axis normal to the magnetic field, magnetically oriented microcrystal suspension (MOMS) of l-alanine is made. 14N NMR spectra acquired with various timings during intermittent rotation lead to a rotation pattern of the MOMS similar to that of a single crystal. The effect of orientational distribution of the microcrystals to broadening of the resonance line is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoya Kamide
- Division of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, 606-8502, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yasuto Noda
- Division of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, 606-8502, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Takeda
- Division of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, 606-8502, Kyoto, Japan.
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Kagawa A, Kusumi R, Nagase R, Morishita Y, Miyanishi K, Takeda K, Kitagawa M, Negoro M. Triplet-DNP in magnetically oriented microcrystal arrays. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2023; 351:107439. [PMID: 37084519 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2023.107439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
We explore dynamic nuclear polarization using electron spins in the photo-excited triplet state (Triplet-DNP) in magnetically oriented microcrystal arrays (MOMAs) of pentacene-doped p-terphenyl, in which the individual crystallites are magnetically aligned and UV-cured. In contrast to the conventional approach to Triplet-DNP in powder, which suffers from reduced nuclear polarization due to the averaged electron polarization and the broadening of electron-spin resonance, Triplet-DNP of the MOMAs offers as high dynamic polarization as that attainable in single-crystals. In the case of pentacene-doped p-terphenyl, the enhanced 1H polarization in the one-dimensional MOMA, prepared simply by leaving the suspension in a stationary magnetic field before UV curation, can be higher than that attainable in the powder sample by an order of magnitude and comparable to that in single crystals and in the three-dimensional MOMA made using a modulational rotating field. Triplet-DNP of the MOMAs may find potential applications, such as the polarization of the co-doped target molecules and dissolution experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akinori Kagawa
- Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan; Center for Quantum Information and Quantum Biology, Osaka University, Japan.
| | - Ryosuke Kusumi
- Department of Forest Resource Chemistry, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Forest Research and Management Organization, Tsukuba 305-8687, Japan; Department of Forest Resource Chemistry, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Forest Research and Management Organization, Tsukuba 305-8687, Japan.
| | - Rintarou Nagase
- Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Yuki Morishita
- Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Koichiro Miyanishi
- Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan; Center for Quantum Information and Quantum Biology, Osaka University, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Takeda
- Division of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Masahiro Kitagawa
- Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan; Center for Quantum Information and Quantum Biology, Osaka University, Japan
| | - Makoto Negoro
- Center for Quantum Information and Quantum Biology, Osaka University, Japan; Institute for Quantum Life Science (iQLS), National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (QST), Chiba 263-8555, Japan
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Suwa M, Tsukahara S, Watarai H. Applications of magnetic and electromagnetic forces in micro-analytical systems. LAB ON A CHIP 2023; 23:1097-1127. [PMID: 36636900 DOI: 10.1039/d2lc00702a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Novel applications of magnetic fields in analytical chemistry have become a remarkable trend in the last two decades. Various magnetic forces have been employed for the migration, orientation, manipulation, and trapping of microparticles, and new analytical platforms for separating and detecting molecules have been proposed. Magnetic materials such as functional magnetic nanoparticles, magnetic nanocomposites, and specially designed magnetic solids and liquids have also been developed for analytical purposes. Numerous attractive applications of magnetic and electromagnetic forces on magnetic and non-magnetic materials have been studied, but fundamental studies to understand the working principles of magnetic forces have been challenging. These studies will form a new field of magneto-analytical science, which should be developed as an interdisciplinary field. In this review, essential pioneering works and recent attractive developments are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Suwa
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan.
| | - S Tsukahara
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan.
| | - H Watarai
- R3 Institute for Newly-Emerging Science Design, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan.
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Yamato M, Kimura T. Magnetic Processing of Diamagnetic Materials. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E1491. [PMID: 32635334 PMCID: PMC7408077 DOI: 10.3390/polym12071491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, materials scientists and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopists have easy access to high magnetic fields of approximately 10 T supplied by superconducting magnets. Neodymium magnets that generate magnetic fields of approximately 1 T are readily available for laboratory use and are widely used in daily life applications, such as mobile phones and electric vehicles. Such common access to magnetic fields-unexpected 30 years ago-has helped researchers discover new magnetic phenomena and use such phenomena to process diamagnetic materials. Although diamagnetism is well known, it is only during the last 30 years that researchers have applied magnetic processing to various classes of diamagnetic materials such as ceramics, biomaterials, and polymers. The magnetic effects that we report herein are largely attributable to the magnetic force, magnetic torque, and magnetic enthalpy that in turn, directly derive from the well-defined magnetic energy. An example of a more complex magnetic effect is orientation of crystalline polymers under an applied magnetic field; researchers do not yet fully understand the crystallization mechanism. Our review largely focuses on polymeric materials. Research topics such as magnetic effect on chiral recognition are interesting yet beyond our scope.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masafumi Yamato
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Tokyo Metropolitan University,1-1 Minami-ohsawa, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
| | - Tsunehisa Kimura
- Division of Forestry and Biomaterials, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan;
- Fukui University of Technology, 3-6-1 Gakuen, Fukui 910-8505, Japan
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Kimura T, Kashiwagi H, Kimura F, Horii S, Takeda K, Doi T. Orientation loss of microcrystals of DyBa 2Cu 3O y in a polymer composite during curing of the medium under an external magnetic field. CrystEngComm 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0ce00795a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The orientation loss of microcrystals during solidifying the matrix in a magnetic field was modeled. In situ X-ray diffraction results obtained for the consolidation process of DyBa2Cu3Oy microcrystal suspension were explained by the model presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsunehisa Kimura
- Fukui University of Technology
- Fukui 910-8505
- Japan
- Kyoto University
- Kyoto 606-8502
| | - Hayato Kashiwagi
- Graduate School of Energy Science
- Kyoto University
- Kyoto 606-8501
- Japan
| | - Fumiko Kimura
- Nagamori Institute of Actuators
- Kyoto University of Advanced Science
- Kyoto 615-8577
- Japan
| | - Shigeru Horii
- Nagamori Institute of Actuators
- Kyoto University of Advanced Science
- Kyoto 615-8577
- Japan
| | - Kazuki Takeda
- Division of Chemistry
- Graduate School of Science
- Kyoto University
- Kyoto 606-8502
- Japan
| | - Toshiya Doi
- Graduate School of Energy Science
- Kyoto University
- Kyoto 606-8501
- Japan
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Kusumi R, Kadoma H, Wada M, Takeda K, Kimura T. In situ solid-state NMR of a magnetically oriented microcrystal suspension. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2019; 309:106618. [PMID: 31670012 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2019.106618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In situ solid-state NMR measurements of a magnetically oriented microcrystal suspension (MOMS) were demonstrated. Under modulated rotation of the static field, or equivalently, of the sample tube, randomly oriented microcrystals in a viscous liquid medium feel a torque arising from the anisotropic bulk susceptibility and eventually aligned in the same direction. In this way, a three-dimensional MOMS (3D-MOMS) was obtained. To apply an elliptically rotating magnetic field to microcrystals in suspension, a probe to rotate the sample tube around an axis perpendicular to the static magnetic field was developed. Single-crystal (SC) rotation patterns were obtained from the 3D-MOMS by solid-state CP measurements triggered in synchronous with the sample-tube rotation. Unlike the traditional SC method, the 3D-MOMS approach presented here does not require the elaborate adjustment of the direction of the reference frame. The process of three-dimensional magnetic alignment was also studied by monitoring the spectral changes during continuous application of the modulated sample rotation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryosuke Kusumi
- Division of Forest and Biomaterials Science, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan.
| | - Hiroshi Kadoma
- Division of Forest and Biomaterials Science, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Masahisa Wada
- Division of Forest and Biomaterials Science, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan; College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 446-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Kazuyuki Takeda
- Division of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Tsunehisa Kimura
- Division of Forest and Biomaterials Science, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan; Fukui University of Technology, 3-6-1 Gakuen, Fukui 910-8505, Japan
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Kimura F, Horii S, Arimoto I, Doi T, Yoshimura M, Wada M, Kimura T. Determination of the Anisotropic Rotational Diffusion Constant of Microcrystals Dispersed in Liquid Medium. J Phys Chem A 2018; 122:9123-9127. [PMID: 30375868 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.8b08895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Microcrystals of ErBa2Cu4O8 suspended in a liquid medium were triaxially aligned by a frequency-modulated magnetic field and allowed a free rotational relaxation after the magnetic field was turned off. In situ X-ray diffraction measurements of the suspension were performed during relaxation, and the temporal change of the orientation fluctuation was monitored via broadening of the diffraction spots. The rotational diffusion constants were determined using the plot of the orientation fluctuation versus the elapsed time of rotational relaxation. The diffusion constants thus determined were in close agreement with those evaluated by the Stokes law but showed slight anisotropy, indicating that the microcrystals studied had shape anisotropy. The present method can provide a useful means for experimentally determining rotational diffusion constants of microcrystals suspended in viscous media. This paper shows that, due to the combination of the initial triaxial alignment and the subsequent monitoring of the relaxation process by means of X-ray diffraction, the diffusion constants along arbitrary crystallographic axes are determined separately.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumiko Kimura
- Graduate School of Energy Science , Kyoto University , Kyoto 606-8501 , Japan
| | - Shigeru Horii
- Graduate School of Energy Science , Kyoto University , Kyoto 606-8501 , Japan
| | - Itsuki Arimoto
- Graduate School of Energy Science , Kyoto University , Kyoto 606-8501 , Japan
| | - Toshiya Doi
- Graduate School of Energy Science , Kyoto University , Kyoto 606-8501 , Japan
| | - Masato Yoshimura
- Life Science Group, Scientific Research Division , National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center , Hsinchu 30076 , Taiwan
| | - Masahisa Wada
- Division of Forestry and Biomaterials , Kyoto University , Kyoto 606-8502 , Japan.,Department of Plant & Environmental New Resources , Kyung Hee University , Yongin-si 446-701 , Republic of Korea
| | - Tsunehisa Kimura
- Division of Forestry and Biomaterials , Kyoto University , Kyoto 606-8502 , Japan
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Fritz M, Quinn CM, Wang M, Hou G, Lu X, Koharudin LMI, Struppe J, Case DA, Polenova T, Gronenborn AM. Determination of accurate backbone chemical shift tensors in microcrystalline proteins by integrating MAS NMR and QM/MM. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:9543-9553. [PMID: 29577158 PMCID: PMC5892194 DOI: 10.1039/c8cp00647d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Chemical shifts are highly sensitive probes of local conformation and overall structure. Both isotropic shifts and chemical shift tensors are readily accessible from NMR experiments but their quantum mechanical calculations remain challenging. In this work, we report and compare accurately measured and calculated 15NH and 13Cα chemical shift tensors in proteins, using the microcrystalline agglutinin from Oscillatoria agardhii (OAA). Experimental 13Cα and 15NH chemical tensors were obtained by solid-state NMR spectroscopy, employing tailored recoupling sequences, and for their quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics (QM/MM) calculations different sets of functionals were evaluated. We show that 13Cα chemical shift tensors are primarily determined by backbone dihedral angles and dynamics, while 15NH tensors mainly depend on local electrostatic contributions from solvation and hydrogen bonding. In addition, the influence of including crystallographic waters, the molecular mechanics geometry optimization protocol, and the level of theory on the accuracy of the calculated chemical shift tensors is discussed. Specifically, the power of QM/MM calculations in accurately predicting the unusually upfield shifted 1HN G26 and G93 resonances is highlighted. Our integrated approach is expected to benefit structure refinement of proteins and protein assemblies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Fritz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, United States
- Pittsburgh Center for HIV Protein Interactions, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 1051 Biomedical Science Tower 3, 3501 Fifth Ave., Pittsburgh, PA 15261, United States
| | - Caitlin M. Quinn
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, United States
- Pittsburgh Center for HIV Protein Interactions, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 1051 Biomedical Science Tower 3, 3501 Fifth Ave., Pittsburgh, PA 15261, United States
| | - Mingzhang Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, United States
- Pittsburgh Center for HIV Protein Interactions, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 1051 Biomedical Science Tower 3, 3501 Fifth Ave., Pittsburgh, PA 15261, United States
| | - Guangjin Hou
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, United States
| | - Xingyu Lu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, United States
- Pittsburgh Center for HIV Protein Interactions, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 1051 Biomedical Science Tower 3, 3501 Fifth Ave., Pittsburgh, PA 15261, United States
| | - Leonardus M. I. Koharudin
- Pittsburgh Center for HIV Protein Interactions, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 1051 Biomedical Science Tower 3, 3501 Fifth Ave., Pittsburgh, PA 15261, United States
- Department of Structural Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 3501 Fifth Ave., Pittsburgh, PA 15261, United States
| | - Jochem Struppe
- Bruker Biospin Corporation, 15 Fortune Drive, Billerica, MA, United States
| | - David A. Case
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers University, 174 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854-8087, United States
| | - Tatyana Polenova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, United States
- Pittsburgh Center for HIV Protein Interactions, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 1051 Biomedical Science Tower 3, 3501 Fifth Ave., Pittsburgh, PA 15261, United States
| | - Angela M. Gronenborn
- Pittsburgh Center for HIV Protein Interactions, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 1051 Biomedical Science Tower 3, 3501 Fifth Ave., Pittsburgh, PA 15261, United States
- Department of Structural Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 3501 Fifth Ave., Pittsburgh, PA 15261, United States
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Song G, Kusumi R, Kimura F, Kimura T, Deguchi K, Ohki S, Fujito T, Simizu T. Single-crystal NMR approach for determining chemical shift tensors from powder samples via magnetically oriented microcrystal arrays. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2015; 255:28-33. [PMID: 25898399 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2015.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2014] [Revised: 03/10/2015] [Accepted: 03/15/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The single-crystal rotation technique was applied to magnetically oriented microcrystal arrays (MOMAs) of cellobiose (monoclinic) to determine the principal values and principal axes of the chemical shift tensors of C1 and C1' carbons. Rotations were performed about the magnetic χ1, χ2, and χ3 axes of MOMA, and the measurements were taken at six different orientations with respect to the applied magnetic field. Under these rotations, crowded peaks were reduced and the peaks for the C1 and C1' carbons were identified by comparing with simulation results. Six components of the chemical shift tensor expressed with respect to the magnetic χ1χ2χ3-frame were determined. The tensors thus obtained were transformed into those relative to the molecular frame.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangjie Song
- Division of Forest and Biomaterials Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Kusumi
- Division of Forest and Biomaterials Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Fumiko Kimura
- Division of Forest and Biomaterials Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Tsunehisa Kimura
- Division of Forest and Biomaterials Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan.
| | - Kenzo Deguchi
- National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0003, Japan
| | - Shinobu Ohki
- National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0003, Japan
| | - Teruaki Fujito
- National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0003, Japan
| | - Tadashi Simizu
- National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0003, Japan
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