1
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Nimerovsky E, Varkey AC, Kim M, Becker S, Andreas LB. Simplified Preservation of Equivalent Pathways Spectroscopy. JACS AU 2023; 3:2763-2771. [PMID: 37885577 PMCID: PMC10598565 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.3c00312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Inspired by the recently proposed transverse mixing optimal control pulses (TROP) approach for improving signal in multidimensional magic-angle spinning (MAS) NMR experiments, we present simplified preservation of equivalent pathways spectroscopy (SPEPS). It transfers both transverse components of magnetization that occur during indirect evolutions, theoretically enabling a √2 improvement in sensitivity for each such dimension. We compare SPEPS transfer with TROP and cross-polarization (CP) using membrane protein and fibril samples at MAS of 55 and 100 kHz. In three-dimensional (3D) (H)CANH spectra, SPEPS outperformed TROP and CP by factors of on average 1.16 and 1.69, respectively, for the membrane protein, but only a marginal improvement of 1.09 was observed for the fibril. These differences are discussed, making note of the longer transfer time used for CP, 14 ms, as compared with 2.9 and 3.6 ms for SPEPS and TROP, respectively. Using SPEPS for two transfers in the 3D (H)CANCO experiment resulted in an even larger benefit in signal intensity, with an average improvement of 1.82 as compared with CP. This results in multifold time savings, in particular considering the weaker peaks that are observed to benefit the most from SPEPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgeny Nimerovsky
- Department of NMR based Structural
Biology, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary
Sciences, Am Fassberg 11, Göttingen 37077, Germany
| | - Abel Cherian Varkey
- Department of NMR based Structural
Biology, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary
Sciences, Am Fassberg 11, Göttingen 37077, Germany
| | - Myeongkyu Kim
- Department of NMR based Structural
Biology, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary
Sciences, Am Fassberg 11, Göttingen 37077, Germany
| | - Stefan Becker
- Department of NMR based Structural
Biology, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary
Sciences, Am Fassberg 11, Göttingen 37077, Germany
| | - Loren B. Andreas
- Department of NMR based Structural
Biology, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary
Sciences, Am Fassberg 11, Göttingen 37077, Germany
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2
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Nimerovsky E, Xue K, Movellan K, Andreas L. Heteronuclear and homonuclear radio-frequency-driven recoupling. MAGNETIC RESONANCE (GOTTINGEN, GERMANY) 2021; 2:343-353. [PMID: 37904771 PMCID: PMC10539778 DOI: 10.5194/mr-2-343-2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/01/2023]
Abstract
The radio-frequency-driven recoupling (RFDR) pulse sequence is used in magic-angle spinning (MAS) NMR to recouple homonuclear dipolar interactions. Here we show simultaneous recoupling of both the heteronuclear and homonuclear dipolar interactions by applying RFDR pulses on two channels. We demonstrate the method, called HETeronuclear RFDR (HET-RFDR), on microcrystalline SH3 samples at 10 and 55.555 kHz MAS. Numerical simulations of both HET-RFDR and standard RFDR sequences allow for better understanding of the influence of offsets and paths of magnetization transfers for both HET-RFDR and RFDR experiments, as well as the crucial role of XY phase cycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgeny Nimerovsky
- Department of NMR-based Structural Biology, Max Planck Institute for
Biophysical Chemistry, Am Fassberg 11, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Kai Xue
- Department of NMR-based Structural Biology, Max Planck Institute for
Biophysical Chemistry, Am Fassberg 11, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Kumar Tekwani Movellan
- Department of NMR-based Structural Biology, Max Planck Institute for
Biophysical Chemistry, Am Fassberg 11, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Loren B. Andreas
- Department of NMR-based Structural Biology, Max Planck Institute for
Biophysical Chemistry, Am Fassberg 11, Göttingen, Germany
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3
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Nimerovsky E, Movellan KT, Zhang XC, Forster MC, Najbauer E, Xue K, Dervişoǧlu R, Giller K, Griesinger C, Becker S, Andreas LB. Proton Detected Solid-State NMR of Membrane Proteins at 28 Tesla (1.2 GHz) and 100 kHz Magic-Angle Spinning. Biomolecules 2021; 11:752. [PMID: 34069858 PMCID: PMC8157399 DOI: 10.3390/biom11050752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Revised: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The available magnetic field strength for high resolution NMR in persistent superconducting magnets has recently improved from 23.5 to 28 Tesla, increasing the proton resonance frequency from 1 to 1.2 GHz. For magic-angle spinning (MAS) NMR, this is expected to improve resolution, provided the sample preparation results in homogeneous broadening. We compare two-dimensional (2D) proton detected MAS NMR spectra of four membrane proteins at 950 and 1200 MHz. We find a consistent improvement in resolution that scales superlinearly with the increase in magnetic field for three of the four examples. In 3D and 4D spectra, which are now routinely acquired, this improvement indicates the ability to resolve at least 2 and 2.5 times as many signals, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Loren B. Andreas
- Department for NMR-Based Structural Biology, Max-Planck-Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, 37077 Göttingen, Germany; (E.N.); (K.T.M.); (X.C.Z.); (M.C.F.); (E.N.); (K.X.); (R.D.); (K.G.); (C.G.); (S.B.)
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4
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Zhang X, Forster MC, Nimerovsky E, Movellan KT, Andreas LB. Transferred-Rotational-Echo Double Resonance. J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:754-769. [PMID: 33464081 PMCID: PMC7884007 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c09033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Internuclear distance determination is the foundation for NMR-based structure calculation. However, high-precision distance measurement is a laborious process requiring lengthy data acquisitions due to the large set of multidimensional spectra needed at different mixing times. This prevents application to large or challenging molecular systems. Here, we present a new approach, transferred-rotational-echo double resonance (TREDOR), a heteronuclear transfer method in which we simultaneously detect both starting and transferred signals in a single spectrum. This co-acquisition is used to compensate for coherence decay, resulting in accurate and precise distance determination by a single parameter fit using a single spectrum recorded at an ideal mixing time. We showcase TREDOR with the microcrystalline SH3 protein using 3D spectra to resolve resonances. By combining the measured N-C and H-C distances, we calculate the structure of SH3, which converges to the correct fold, with a root-mean-square deviation of 2.1 Å compared to a reference X-ray structure. The TREDOR data used in the structure calculation were acquired in only 4 days on a 600 MHz instrument. This is achieved due to the more than 2-fold time saving afforded by co-acquisition of additional information and demonstrates TREDOR as a fast and straightforward method for determining structures via magic-angle spinning NMR.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Evgeny Nimerovsky
- NMR-based Structural Biology, Max-Planck-Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Am Faßberg 11, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Kumar Tekwani Movellan
- NMR-based Structural Biology, Max-Planck-Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Am Faßberg 11, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Loren B. Andreas
- NMR-based Structural Biology, Max-Planck-Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Am Faßberg 11, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
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5
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Nimerovsky E, Soutar CP. A modification of γ-encoded RN symmetry pulses for increasing the scaling factor and more accurate measurements of the strong heteronuclear dipolar couplings. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2020; 319:106827. [PMID: 32950918 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2020.106827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Symmetry based γ-encoded RNnν elements are broadly used in magic-angle spinning solid-state NMR experiments to achieve selective recoupling of the heteronuclear dipolar interactions. The recoupled dipolar couplings in such experiments are scaled by a factor, Ksc, which theoretically depends on the chosen symmetry numbers N, n, and ν. However, the maximum theoretical value of Ksc for γ-encoded RNnν pulses is limited to ~0.25, resulting in long RNnν experiment times. Also, the dependence of Ksc on the experimental parameters can result in systematic errors in the experimental determination of the dipolar couplings, especially at low and moderate MAS rates. In this manuscript, we investigate the use of MODifiEd RNnν symmetry (MODERNnν(ϕM)) pulses that increase the dipolar scaling factor by at least 1.45 fold compared to γ-encoded RNnν. The second advantage of MODERNnν(ϕM) pulses with respect to traditional RNnν pulses is the reduced influence of experimental parameters on Ksc, which allows for more accurate measurement of short-range distances. The robustness of MODERNnν(ϕM) is compared with γ-encoded R1423 symmetry pulses. The enhanced performance is demonstrated on two uniformly-13C-enriched samples, N-acetyl valine and the microcrystalline protein GB1, at a 31.111 kHz MAS rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgeny Nimerovsky
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
| | - Corinne P Soutar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
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6
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Grohe K, Nimerovsky E, Singh H, Vasa SK, Söldner B, Vögeli B, Rienstra CM, Linser R. Exact distance measurements for structure and dynamics in solid proteins by fast-magic-angle-spinning NMR. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:7899-7902. [PMID: 31199417 DOI: 10.1039/c9cc02317h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Fast-magic-angle-spinning solid-state NMR is a developing technique for determination of protein structure and dynamics. Proton-proton correlations usually lead to rough distance restraints, a serious hurdle towards high-resolution structures. Analogous to the "eNOE" concept in solution, an integrative approach for more accurate restraints enables improved structural accuracy with minimal analytical effort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristof Grohe
- Faculty for Chemistry and Pharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Butenandtstr. 5-13, 81377 Munich, Germany. and Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Technical University Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Straße 4a, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Evgeny Nimerovsky
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Himanshu Singh
- Faculty for Chemistry and Pharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Butenandtstr. 5-13, 81377 Munich, Germany. and Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Technical University Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Straße 4a, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Suresh K Vasa
- Faculty for Chemistry and Pharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Butenandtstr. 5-13, 81377 Munich, Germany. and Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Technical University Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Straße 4a, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Benedikt Söldner
- Faculty for Chemistry and Pharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Butenandtstr. 5-13, 81377 Munich, Germany.
| | - Beat Vögeli
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Denver, 12801 East 17th Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Chad M Rienstra
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Rasmus Linser
- Faculty for Chemistry and Pharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Butenandtstr. 5-13, 81377 Munich, Germany. and Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Technical University Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Straße 4a, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
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7
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Nagashima H, Lilly Thankamony AS, Trébosc J, Montagne L, Kerven G, Amoureux JP, Lafon O. Observation of proximities between spin-1/2 and quadrupolar nuclei in solids: Improved robustness to chemical shielding using adiabatic symmetry-based recoupling. SOLID STATE NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE 2018; 94:7-19. [PMID: 30103084 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssnmr.2018.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Revised: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We introduce a novel heteronuclear dipolar recoupling based on the R21-1 symmetry, which uses the tanh/tan (tt) shaped pulse as a basic inversion element and is denoted R21-1(tt). Using first-order average Hamiltonian theory, we show that this sequence is non-γ-encoded and that it reintroduces the |m| = 1 spatial component of the Chemical Shift Anisotropy (CSA) of the irradiated isotope and its heteronuclear dipolar interactions. Using numerical simulations and one-dimensional (1D) 27Al-{31P} through-space D-HMQC (Dipolar Heteronuclear Multiple-Quantum Correlation) experiments on VPI-5, we compare the performances of this recoupling to those of other non-γ-encoded |m| = 1 heteronuclear recoupling schemes: REDOR (Rotational-Echo DOuble Resonance), SFAM (Simultaneous Frequency and Amplitude Modulation) and R42-1(tt). Such comparison indicates that the R21-1(tt) scheme is more robust to CSA, offset and radiofrequency field inhomogeneities than the other schemes. We take advantage of the high robustness of R21-1(tt) to CSA and offset to demonstrate the possibility to correlate the signals of 207Pb isotope with those of neighboring half-integer spin quadrupolar nuclei. Such approach is demonstrated experimentally by acquiring 11B-{207Pb} D-HMQC 2D spectra of Pb4O(BO3)2 crystalline powder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Nagashima
- Univ. Lille, CNRS-8181, UCCS-Unit of Catalysis and Chemistry of Solids, F-59000, Lille, France; Interdisciplinary Research Center for Catalytic Chemistry, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8565, Japan
| | | | - Julien Trébosc
- Univ. Lille, CNRS-8181, UCCS-Unit of Catalysis and Chemistry of Solids, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Lionel Montagne
- Univ. Lille, CNRS-8181, UCCS-Unit of Catalysis and Chemistry of Solids, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Gwendal Kerven
- Univ. Lorraine, CNRS-7036, CRM2, F-54506, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Jean-Paul Amoureux
- Univ. Lille, CNRS-8181, UCCS-Unit of Catalysis and Chemistry of Solids, F-59000, Lille, France; Bruker Biospin, 34 rue de l'industrie, F-67166, Wissembourg, France.
| | - Olivier Lafon
- Univ. Lille, CNRS-8181, UCCS-Unit of Catalysis and Chemistry of Solids, F-59000, Lille, France; Institut Universitaire de France, 1 rue Descartes, F-75231, Paris, France.
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8
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Makrinich M, Nimerovsky E, Goldbourt A. Pushing the limit of NMR-based distance measurements - retrieving dipolar couplings to spins with extensively large quadrupolar frequencies. SOLID STATE NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE 2018; 92:19-24. [PMID: 29751342 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssnmr.2018.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Revised: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Dipolar recoupling under magic-angle spinning allows to measure accurate inter-nuclear distances provided that the two interacting spins can be efficiently and uniformly excited. Alexander (Lex) Vega has shown that adiabatic transfers of populations in quadrupolar spins during the application of constant-wave (cw) radio-frequency pulses lead to efficient and quantifiable dipolar recoupling curves. Accurate distance determination within and beyond the adiabatic regime using cw pulses is limited by the size of the quadrupolar coupling constant. Here we show that using the approach of long-pulse phase modulation, dipolar recoupling and accurate distances can be obtained for nuclei having extensively large quadrupolar frequencies of 5-10 MHz. We demonstrate such results by obtaining a 31P-79/81Br distance in a compound for which bromine-79 (spin-3/2) has a quadrupolar coupling constant of 11.3 MHz, and a 13C-209Bi distance where the bismuth (spin-9/2) has a quadrupolar coupling constant of 256 MHz, equaling a quadrupolar frequency of 10.7 MHz. For Bromine, we demonstrate that an analytical curve based on the assumption of complete spin saturation fits the data. In the case of bismuth acetate, a C-Bi3 spin system must be used in order to match the correct saturation recoupling curve, and results are in agreement with the crystallographic structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Makrinich
- School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
| | - E Nimerovsky
- School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
| | - A Goldbourt
- School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel.
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9
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Nimerovsky E, Makrinich M, Goldbourt A. Analysis of large-anisotropy-spin recoupling pulses for distance measurement under magic-angle spinning NMR shows the superiority and robustness of a phase modulated saturation pulse. J Chem Phys 2018; 146:124202. [PMID: 28388136 DOI: 10.1063/1.4978472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The distance between a spin one-half and an attached spin possessing a large anisotropy can be obtained using different dipolar recoupling sequences that are based on the rotational-echo double resonance technique under magic-angle spinning solid-state NMR. The general difference between these sequences with respect to the coupled spin is the set of pulses applied in order to drive this spin out of equilibrium, thereby recoupling the dipolar interaction. Since complete inversion is practically not possible due to the coupled-spin anisotropy, using one or another pulse depends on the experimental and spin conditions: the spinning speed, the strength of the radio frequency field, the size of the anisotropic interaction (quadrupolar or chemical shiftanisotropy couplings), the offset, and the accuracy of setting the magic angle. Here we present a detailed description of the behavior of the anisotropic spin magnetization, including the macroscopic level transition probabilities, the degree of inversion, and the microscopic and macroscopic magnetizations during the applications of these pulses under different experimental conditions. As simulations show, a complete randomization of spin populations under a wide range of experimental conditions occurs under a specific phase modulation of the recoupling pulse while for all other cases dependence on experimental conditions is large and the achievable bandwidth is limited. A result of this detailed analysis is that the extension of the phase modulated pulse extends even further its robustness. The saturation capability is demonstrated experimentally for the quadrupolar spin of boron-11 in 4-methoxyphenylboronic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Nimerovsky
- School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - M Makrinich
- School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - A Goldbourt
- School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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10
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Pope GM, Hung I, Gan Z, Mobarak H, Widmalm G, Harper JK. Exploiting 13C/14N solid-state NMR distance measurements to assign dihedral angles and locate neighboring molecules. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:6376-6379. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cc02597e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The RESPDOR NMR method rapidly provides multiple 13C/14N distance measurements in natural abundance solids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna M. Pope
- Department of Chemistry, University of Central Florida
- Orlando
- USA
| | - Ivan Hung
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory
- Tallahassee
- USA
| | - Zhehong Gan
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory
- Tallahassee
- USA
| | - Hani Mobarak
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University
- S-106 91 Stockholm
- Sweden
| | - Göran Widmalm
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University
- S-106 91 Stockholm
- Sweden
| | - James K. Harper
- Department of Chemistry, University of Central Florida
- Orlando
- USA
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11
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Makrinich M, Gupta R, Polenova T, Goldbourt A. Saturation capability of short phase modulated pulses facilitates the measurement of longitudinal relaxation times of quadrupolar nuclei. SOLID STATE NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE 2017; 84:196-203. [PMID: 28473217 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssnmr.2017.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Revised: 04/17/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The ability of various pulse types, which are commonly applied for distance measurements, to saturate or invert quadrupolar spin polarization has been compared by observing their effect on magnetization recovery curves under magic-angle spinning. A selective central transition inversion pulse yields a bi-exponential recovery for a diamagnetic sample with a spin-3/2, consistent with the existence of two processes: the fluctuations of the electric field gradients with identical single (W1) and double (W2) quantum quadrupolar-driven relaxation rates, and spin exchange between the central transition of one spin and satellite transitions of a dipolar-coupled similar spin. Using a phase modulated pulse, developed for distance measurements in quadrupolar spins (Nimerovsky et al., JMR 244, 2014, 107-113) and suggested for achieving the complete saturation of all quadrupolar spin energy levels, a mono-exponential relaxation model fits the data, compatible with elimination of the spin exchange processes. Other pulses such as an adiabatic pulse lasting one-third of a rotor period, and a two-rotor-period long continuous-wave pulse, both used for distance measurements under special experimental conditions, yield good fits to bi-exponential functions with varying coefficients and time constants due to variations in initial conditions. Those values are a measure of the extent of saturation obtained from these pulses. An empirical fit of the recovery curves to a stretched exponential function can provide general recovery times. A stretching parameter very close to unity, as obtained for a phase modulated pulse but not for other cases, suggests that in this case recovery times and longitudinal relaxation times are similar. The results are experimentally demonstrated for compounds containing 11B (spin-3/2) and 51V (spin-7/2). We propose that accurate spin lattice relaxation rates can be measured by a short phase modulated pulse (<1-2ms), similarly to the "true T1" measured by saturation with an asynchronous pulse train (Yesinowski, JMR 252, 2015, 135-144).
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Makrinich
- School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv 69978, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Rupal Gupta
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, United States
| | - Tatyana Polenova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, United States
| | - Amir Goldbourt
- School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv 69978, Tel Aviv, Israel.
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12
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Iuga D, Rossi P, Herzfeld J, Griffin RG. Reprint of: Localization of Cl-35 Nuclei in Biological Solids using Rotational-Echo Double-Resonance Experiments. SOLID STATE NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE 2017; 84:242-248. [PMID: 28781142 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssnmr.2017.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Revised: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Chloride ions play important roles in many chemical and biological processes. This paper investigates the possibility of localizing 35Cl nuclei using solid-state NMR. It demonstrates that distances shorter than 3.8Å, between 13C atoms and 35Cl atoms in 10% uniformly labeled 13C L-tyrosine·HCl and natural abundance Glycine·HCl can be measured using rotational-echo (adiabatic passage) double-resonance (RE(AP)DOR). Furthermore the effect of quadrupolar interaction on the REDOR/REAPDOR experiment is quantified. The dephasing curve is plotted in a three dimensional chart as a function of the dephasing time and of the strength of quadrupolar interaction felt by each orientation. During spinning each orientation feels a quadrupolar interaction that varies in time, and therefore at each moment in time we reorder the crystallite orientations as a function of their contribution to the dephasing curve. In this way the effect of quadrupolar interaction on the dipolar dephasing curve can be fitted with a polynomial function. The numerical investigation performed allows us to generate REDOR/REAPDOR curves which are then used to simulate the experimental data.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Iuga
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK.
| | - P Rossi
- Department of Chemistry, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 02454-9110, USA
| | - J Herzfeld
- Department of Chemistry, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 02454-9110, USA
| | - R G Griffin
- Francis Bitter Magnet Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 150 Albany Street Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
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13
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Iuga D, Rossi P, Herzfeld J, Griffin RG. Localization of Cl-35 nuclei in biological solids using rotational-echo double-resonance experiments. SOLID STATE NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE 2017; 82-83:35-41. [PMID: 28187333 PMCID: PMC5378917 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssnmr.2017.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Revised: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Chloride ions play important roles in many chemical and biological processes. This paper investigates the possibility of localizing 35Cl nuclei using solid-state NMR. It demonstrates that distances shorter than 3.8Å, between 13C atoms and 35Cl atoms in 10% uniformly labeled 13C L-tyrosine·HCl and natural abundance Glycine·HCl can be measured using rotational-echo (adiabatic passage) double-resonance (RE(AP)DOR). Furthermore the effect of quadrupolar interaction on the REDOR/REAPDOR experiment is quantified. The dephasing curve is plotted in a three dimensional chart as a function of the dephasing time and of the strength of quadrupolar interaction felt by each orientation. During spinning each orientation feels a quadrupolar interaction that varies in time, and therefore at each moment in time we reorder the crystallite orientations as a function of their contribution to the dephasing curve. In this way the effect of quadrupolar interaction on the dipolar dephasing curve can be fitted with a polynomial function. The numerical investigation performed allows us to generate REDOR/REAPDOR curves which are then used to simulate the experimental data.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Iuga
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK.
| | - P Rossi
- Department of Chemistry, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 02454-9110, USA
| | - J Herzfeld
- Department of Chemistry, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 02454-9110, USA
| | - R G Griffin
- Francis Bitter Magnet Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 150 Albany Street Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
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Shen M, Trébosc J, Lafon O, Gan Z, Pourpoint F, Hu B, Chen Q, Amoureux JP. Solid-state NMR indirect detection of nuclei experiencing large anisotropic interactions using spinning sideband-selective pulses. SOLID STATE NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE 2015; 72:104-117. [PMID: 26411981 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssnmr.2015.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Revised: 09/04/2015] [Accepted: 09/04/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Under Magic-Angle Spinning (MAS), a long radio-frequency (rf) pulse applied on resonance achieves the selective excitation of the center-band of a wide NMR spectrum. We show herein that these rf pulses can be applied on the indirect channel of Hetero-nuclear Multiple-Quantum Correlation (HMQC) sequences, which facilitate the indirect detection via spin-1/2 isotopes of nuclei exhibiting wide spectra. Numerical simulations show that this indirect excitation method is applicable to spin-1/2 nuclei experiencing a large chemical shift anisotropy, as well as to spin-1 isotopes subject to a large quadrupole interaction, such as (14)N. The performances of the long pulses are analyzed by the numerical simulations of scalar-mediated HMQC (J-HMQC) experiments indirectly detecting spin-1/2 or spin-1 nuclei, as well as by dipolar-mediated HMQC (D-HMQC) experiments achieving indirect detection of (14)N nuclei via (1)H in crystalline γ-glycine and N-acetyl-valine samples at a MAS frequency of 60kHz. We show on these solids that for the acquisition of D-HMQC spectra between (1)H and (14)N nuclei, the efficiency of selective moderate excitation with long-pulses at the (14)N Larmor frequency, ν0((14)N), is comparable to those with strong excitation pulses at ν0((14)N) or 2ν0((14)N) frequencies, given the rf field delivered by common solid-state NMR probes. Furthermore, the D-HMQC experiments also demonstrate that the use of long pulses does not produce significant spectral distortions along the (14)N dimension. In summary, the use of center-band selective weak pulses is advantageous for HMQC experiments achieving the indirect detection of wide spectra since it (i) requires a moderate rf field, (ii) can be easily optimized, (iii) displays a high robustness to CSAs, offsets, rf-field inhomogeneities, and fluctuations in MAS frequency, and (iv) is little dependent on the quadrupolar coupling constant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Shen
- UCCS, CNRS, UMR 8181, University of Lille, Villeneuve d'Ascq 59652, France; Physics Department & Shanghai Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Julien Trébosc
- UCCS, CNRS, UMR 8181, University of Lille, Villeneuve d'Ascq 59652, France
| | - Olivier Lafon
- UCCS, CNRS, UMR 8181, University of Lille, Villeneuve d'Ascq 59652, France.
| | - Zhehong Gan
- Center of Interdisciplinary Magnetic Resonance, NHMFL, Tallahassee, FL 32310, USA
| | | | - Bingwen Hu
- Physics Department & Shanghai Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Qun Chen
- Physics Department & Shanghai Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Jean-Paul Amoureux
- UCCS, CNRS, UMR 8181, University of Lille, Villeneuve d'Ascq 59652, France; Physics Department & Shanghai Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China.
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15
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Nimerovsky E, Haimovich A, Goldbourt A. An optimal double-magic flip angle for performing the distance measurement REDOR experiment on a spin S=1. SOLID STATE NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE 2015; 72:127-131. [PMID: 26358981 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssnmr.2015.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2015] [Revised: 08/02/2015] [Accepted: 08/19/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Distance measurements between a half-spin and a quadrupolar S=1 spin having a small quadrupolar coupling constant can be performed using the rotational echo double resonance (REDOR) experiment. We derived an analytical expression for the probability of transitions between energy levels resulting from the application of an arbitrary pulse flip angle to the quadrupolar spin and consequently minimized the probability that populations of individual levels do not undergo a spin transition during the pulse. As a result we discovered that if the flip angle of the quadrupolar spin pulse is 109.47°, the maximal recoupling values are the largest possible and the signal reaches a maximum value of 8/9, larger than in the use of either a 90° pulse or a 180° pulse. In addition, the slope of the initial decay is higher than that of the 90° pulse. The recoupling signal can be modeled by an exact analytical formula in the ideal case and simulations show that the advantage of the 109.47° pulse is preserved when the quadrupolar coupling constant CQ has a finite value typical of (2)H and (6)Li spins (up to CQ~200kHz). Experimental results on two spin pairs, (2)H-(13)C and (6)Li-(13)C, demonstrate the validity and accuracy of this method.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Nimerovsky
- School of Chemistry, Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv 69978, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - A Haimovich
- School of Chemistry, Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv 69978, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - A Goldbourt
- School of Chemistry, Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv 69978, Tel Aviv, Israel.
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Stevensson B, Mathew R, Yu Y, Edén M. Two heteronuclear dipolar results at the price of one: quantifying Na/P contacts in phosphosilicate glasses and biomimetic hydroxy-apatite. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2015; 251:52-56. [PMID: 25557863 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2014.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2014] [Revised: 12/01/2014] [Accepted: 12/03/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The analysis of S{I} recoupling experiments applied to amorphous solids yields a heteronuclear second moment M(2)(S-I) that represents the effective through-space dipolar interaction between the detected S spins and the neighboring I-spin species. We show that both M(2)(S-I) and M(2)(I-S) values are readily accessible from a sole S{I} or I{S} experiment, which may involve either S or I detection, and is naturally selected as the most favorable option under the given experimental conditions. For the common case where I has half-integer spin, an I{S} REDOR implementation is preferred to the S{I} REAPDOR counterpart. We verify the procedure by (23)Na{(31)P} REDOR and (31)P{(23)Na} REAPDOR NMR applied to Na(2)O-CaO-SiO(2)-P(2)O(5) glasses and biomimetic hydroxyapatite, where the M(2)(P-Na) values directly determined by REAPDOR agree very well with those derived from the corresponding M(2)(Na-P) results measured by REDOR. Moreover, we show that dipolar second moments are readily extracted from the REAPDOR NMR protocol by a straightforward numerical fitting of the initial dephasing data, in direct analogy with the well-established procedure to determine M(2)(S-I) values from REDOR NMR experiments applied to amorphous materials; this avoids the problems with time-consuming numerically exact simulations whose accuracy is limited for describing the dynamics of a priori unknown multi-spin systems in disordered structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baltzar Stevensson
- Physical Chemistry Division, Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Renny Mathew
- Physical Chemistry Division, Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Yang Yu
- Physical Chemistry Division, Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mattias Edén
- Physical Chemistry Division, Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden.
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17
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Li M, Yehl J, Hou G, Chatterjee PB, Goldbourt A, Crans DC, Polenova T. NMR Crystallography for Structural Characterization of Oxovanadium(V) Complexes: Deriving Coordination Geometry and Detecting Weakly Coordinated Ligands at Atomic Resolution in the Solid State. Inorg Chem 2015; 54:1363-74. [DOI: 10.1021/ic5022388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mingyue Li
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Jenna Yehl
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Guangjin Hou
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Pabitra B. Chatterjee
- Department
of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1872, United States
| | - Amir Goldbourt
- School
of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv 69978, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Debbie C. Crans
- Department
of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1872, United States
| | - Tatyana Polenova
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
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Nimerovsky E, Gupta R, Yehl J, Li M, Polenova T, Goldbourt A. Phase-modulated LA-REDOR: a robust, accurate and efficient solid-state NMR technique for distance measurements between a spin-1/2 and a quadrupole spin. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2014; 244:107-113. [PMID: 24745816 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2014.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2014] [Revised: 02/26/2014] [Accepted: 03/04/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Distances between a spin-1/2 and a spin>1/2 can be efficiently measured by a variety of magic-angle spinning solid state NMR methods such as Rotational Echo Adiabatic Passage Double Resonance (REAPDOR), Low-Alpha/Low-Amplitude REDOR (LA-REDOR) and Rotational-Echo Saturation-Pulse Double-Resonance (R/S-RESPDOR). In this manuscript we show that the incorporation of a phase modulation into a long quadrupolar recoupling pulse, lasting 10 rotor periods that are sandwiched between rotor-synchronized pairs of dipolar recoupling π pulses, extends significantly the range of the values of the quadrupole moments that can be accessed by the experiment. We show by a combination of simulations and experiments that the new method, phase-modulated LA-REDOR, is very weakly dependent on the actual value of the radio-frequency field, and is highly robust with respect to off-resonance irradiation. The experimental results can be fitted by numerical simulations or using a universal formula corresponding to an equal-transition-probability model. Phase-modulated LA-REDOR (13)C{(11)B} and (15)N{(51)V} dipolar recoupling experiments confirm the accuracy and applicability of this new method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgeny Nimerovsky
- School of Chemistry, Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Rupal Gupta
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Jenna Yehl
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Mingyue Li
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Tatyana Polenova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Amir Goldbourt
- School of Chemistry, Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel.
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19
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Goldbourt A. Distance Measurements to Metal Ions and Other Quadrupolar Spins by Magic Angle Spinning Solid State NMR. Isr J Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ijch.201300108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Lu X, Trébosc J, Lafon O, Carnevale D, Ulzega S, Bodenhausen G, Amoureux JP. Broadband excitation in solid-state NMR using interleaved DANTE pulse trains with N pulses per rotor period. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2013; 236:105-116. [PMID: 24095842 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2013.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2013] [Revised: 09/06/2013] [Accepted: 09/08/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We analyze the direct excitation of wide one-dimensional spectra of nuclei with spin I=1/2 or 1 in rotating solids submitted to pulse trains in the manner of Delays Alternating with Nutations for Tailored Excitation (DANTE), either with one short rotor-synchronized pulse of duration τp in each of K rotor periods (D1(K)) or with N interleaved equally spaced pulses τp in each rotor period, globally also extending over K rotor periods (D(N)(K)). The excitation profile of D(N)(K) scheme is a comb of rf-spikelets with Nν(R)=N/T(R) spacing from the carrier frequency, and a width of each spikelet inversely proportional to the length, KT(R), of D(N)(K) scheme. Since the individual pulse lengths, τp, are typically of a few hundreds of ns, D(N)(K) scheme can readily excite spinning sidebands families covering several MHz, provided the rf carrier frequency is close enough to the resonance frequency of one the spinning sidebands. If the difference of isotropic chemical shifts between distinct chemical sites is less than about 1.35/(KT(R)), D(N)(K) scheme can excite the spinning sidebands families of several sites. For nuclei with I=1/2, if the homogeneous and inhomogeneous decays of coherences during the DANTE sequence are neglected, the K pulses of a D1(K) train have a linearly cumulative effect, so that the total nutation angle is θ(tot)=K2πν1τp, where ν1 is the rf-field amplitude. This allows obtaining nearly ideal 90° pulses for excitation or 180° rotations for inversion and refocusing across wide MAS spectra comprising many spinning sidebands. If one uses interleaved DANTE trains D(N)(K) with N>1, only spinning sidebands separated by intervals of Nν(R) with respect to the carrier frequency are observed as if the effective spinning speed was Nν(R). The other sidebands have vanishing intensities because of the cancellation of the N contributions with opposite signs. However, the intensities of the remaining sidebands obey the same rules as in spectra obtained with νR. With increasing N, the intensities of the non-vanishing sidebands increase, but the total intensity integrated over all sidebands decreases. Furthermore, the NK pulses in a D(N)(K) train do not have a simple cumulative effect and the optimal cumulated flip angle for optimal excitation, θ(tot)(opt)=NK2πν1τp, exceeds 90°. Such D(N)(K) pulse trains allow achieving efficient broadband excitation, but they are not recommended for broadband inversion or refocusing as they cannot provide proper 180° rotations. Since D(N)(K) pulse trains with N>1 are shorter than basic D1(K) sequences, they are useful for broadband excitation in samples with rapid homogeneous or inhomogeneous decay. For nuclei with I=1 (e.g., for (14)N), the response to basic D1(K) pulse train is moreover affected by inhomogeneous decay due to 2nd-order quadrupole interactions, since these are not of rank 2 and therefore cannot be eliminated by spinning about the magic angle. For large quadrupole interactions, the signal decay produced by second-order quadrupole interaction can be minimized by (i) reducing the length of D(N)(K) pulse trains using N>1, (ii) fast spinning, (iii) large rf-field, and (iv) using high magnetic fields to reduce the 2nd-order quadrupole interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingyu Lu
- Unit of Catalysis and Chemistry of Solids (UCCS), UMR 8181 CNRS, Lille North of France University, 59652 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
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21
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Bräuniger T, Jansen M. Solid-state NMR Spectroscopy of Quadrupolar Nuclei in Inorganic Chemistry. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.201300102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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