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Berruyer P, Bertarello A, Björgvinsdóttir S, Lelli M, Emsley L. 1H Detected Relayed Dynamic Nuclear Polarization. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2022; 126:7564-7570. [PMID: 35558821 PMCID: PMC9083189 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.2c01077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Recently, it has been shown that methods based on the dynamics of 1H nuclear hyperpolarization in magic angle spinning (MAS) NMR experiments can be used to determine mesoscale structures in complex materials. However, these methods suffer from low sensitivity, especially since they have so far only been feasible with indirect detection of 1H polarization through dilute heteronuclei such as 13C or 29Si. Here we combine relayed-DNP (R-DNP) with fast MAS using 0.7 mm diameter rotors at 21.2 T. Fast MAS enables direct 1H detection to follow hyperpolarization dynamics, leading to an acceleration in experiment times by a factor 16. Furthermore, we show that by varying the MAS rate, and consequently modulating the 1H spin diffusion rate, we can record a series of independent R-DNP curves that can be analyzed jointly to provide an accurate determination of domain sizes. This is confirmed here with measurements on microcrystalline l-histidine·HCl·H2O at MAS frequencies up to 60 kHz, where we determine a Weibull distribution of particle sizes centered on a radius of 440 ± 20 nm with an order parameter of k = 2.2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierrick Berruyer
- Institut
des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Bertarello
- Institut
des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Snædís Björgvinsdóttir
- Institut
des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Moreno Lelli
- Institut
des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Magnetic
Resonance Center (CERM) and Department of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff”, University of Florence, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Lyndon Emsley
- Institut
des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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2
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Stern Q, Cousin SF, Mentink-Vigier F, Pinon AC, Elliott SJ, Cala O, Jannin S. Direct observation of hyperpolarization breaking through the spin diffusion barrier. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:7/18/eabf5735. [PMID: 33931450 PMCID: PMC8087418 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abf5735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) is a widely used tool for overcoming the low intrinsic sensitivity of nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and imaging. Its practical applicability is typically bounded, however, by the so-called "spin diffusion barrier," which relates to the poor efficiency of polarization transfer from highly polarized nuclei close to paramagnetic centers to bulk nuclei. A quantitative assessment of this barrier has been hindered so far by the lack of general methods for studying nuclear polarization flow in the vicinity of paramagnetic centers. Here, we fill this gap and introduce a general set of experiments based on microwave gating that are readily implemented. We demonstrate the versatility of our approach in experiments conducted between 1.2 and 4.2 K in static mode and at 100 K under magic angle spinning (MAS)-conditions typical for dissolution DNP and MAS-DNP-and directly observe the marked dependence of polarization flow on temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quentin Stern
- Univ Lyon, CNRS, ENS Lyon, UCBL, Université de Lyon, CRMN UMR 5280, 69100 Villeurbanne, France.
| | - Samuel François Cousin
- Univ Lyon, CNRS, ENS Lyon, UCBL, Université de Lyon, CRMN UMR 5280, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Frédéric Mentink-Vigier
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, 1800 E. Paul Dirac Dr, Tallahassee, FL 32310, USA
| | | | - Stuart James Elliott
- Department of Chemistry, Crown Street, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZD, UK
| | - Olivier Cala
- Univ Lyon, CNRS, ENS Lyon, UCBL, Université de Lyon, CRMN UMR 5280, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Sami Jannin
- Univ Lyon, CNRS, ENS Lyon, UCBL, Université de Lyon, CRMN UMR 5280, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
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Walder BJ, Prisco NA, Paruzzo FM, Yarava JR, Chmelka BF, Emsley L. Measurement of Proton Spin Diffusivity in Hydrated Cementitious Solids. J Phys Chem Lett 2019; 10:5064-5069. [PMID: 31393127 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b01861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The study of hydration and crystallization processes involving inorganic oxides is often complicated by poor long-range order and the formation of heterogeneous domains or surface layers. In solid-state NMR, 1H-1H spin diffusion analyses can provide information on spatial composition distributions, domain sizes, or miscibility in both ordered and disordered solids. Such analyses have been implemented in organic solids but crucially rely on separate measurements of the 1H spin diffusion coefficients in closely related systems. We demonstrate that an experimental NMR method, in which "holes" of well-defined dimensions are created in proton magnetization, can be applied to determine spin diffusion coefficients in cementitious solids hydrated with 17O-enriched water. We determine proton spin diffusion coefficients of 240 ± 40 nm2/s for hydrated tricalcium aluminate and 140 ± 20 nm2/s for hydrated tricalcium silicate under quasistatic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brennan J Walder
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nathan A Prisco
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Federico M Paruzzo
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jayasubba Reddy Yarava
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Bradley F Chmelka
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Lyndon Emsley
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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Kwon B, Roos M, Mandala VS, Shcherbakov AA, Hong M. Elucidating Relayed Proton Transfer through a His-Trp-His Triad of a Transmembrane Proton Channel by Solid-State NMR. J Mol Biol 2019; 431:2554-2566. [PMID: 31082440 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2019.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 04/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Proton transfer through membrane-bound ion channels is mediated by both water and polar residues of proteins, but the detailed molecular mechanism is challenging to determine. The tetrameric influenza A and B virus M2 proteins form canonical proton channels that use an HxxxW motif for proton selectivity and gating. The BM2 channel also contains a second histidine (His), H27, equidistant from the gating tryptophan, which leads to a symmetric H19xxxW23xxxH27 motif. The proton-dissociation constants (pKa's) of H19 in BM2 were found to be much lower than the pKa's of H37 in AM2. To determine if the lower pKa's result from H27-facilitated proton dissociation of H19, we have now investigated a H27A mutant of BM2 using solid-state NMR. 15N NMR spectra indicate that removal of the second histidine converted the protonation and tautomeric equilibria of H19 to be similar to the H37 behavior in AM2, indicating that the peripheral H27 is indeed the origin of the low pKa's of H19 in wild-type BM2. Measured interhelical distances between W23 sidechains indicate that the pore constriction at W23 increases with the H19 tetrad charge but is independent of the H27A mutation. These results indicate that H27 both accelerates proton dissociation from H19 to increase the inward proton conductance and causes the small reverse conductance of BM2. The proton relay between H19 and H27 is likely mediated by the intervening gating tryptophan through cation-π interactions. This relayed proton transfer may exist in other ion channels and has implications for the design of imidazole-based synthetic proton channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byungsu Kwon
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 170 Albany Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Matthias Roos
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 170 Albany Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Venkata S Mandala
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 170 Albany Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Alexander A Shcherbakov
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 170 Albany Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Mei Hong
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 170 Albany Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
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Björgvinsdóttir S, Walder BJ, Matthey N, Emsley L. Maximizing nuclear hyperpolarization in pulse cooling under MAS. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2019; 300:142-148. [PMID: 30772753 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2019.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Revised: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
It has recently been shown how dynamic nuclear polarization can be used to hyperpolarize the bulk of proton-free solids. This is achieved by generating the polarization in a wetting phase, transferring it to nuclei near the surface and relaying it towards the bulk through homonuclear spin diffusion between weakly magnetic nuclei. Pulse cooling is a strategy to achieve this that uses a multiple contact cross-polarization sequence for bulk hyperpolarization. Here, we show how to maximize sensitivity using the pulse cooling method by experimentally optimizing pulse parameters and delays on a sample of powdered SnO2. To maximize sensitivity we introduce an approach where the magic angle spinning rate is modulated during the experiment: the CP contacts are carried out at a slow spin rate to benefit from faster spin diffusion, and the spin rate is then accelerated before detection to improve line narrowing. This method can improve the sensitivity of pulse cooling for 119Sn spectra of SnO2 by an additional factor of 3.5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Snædís Björgvinsdóttir
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Brennan J Walder
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Matthey
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Lyndon Emsley
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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Roos M, Wang T, Shcherbakov AA, Hong M. Fast Magic-Angle-Spinning 19F Spin Exchange NMR for Determining Nanometer 19F- 19F Distances in Proteins and Pharmaceutical Compounds. J Phys Chem B 2018; 122:2900-2911. [PMID: 29486126 PMCID: PMC6312665 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.8b00310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Internuclear distances measured using NMR provide crucial constraints of three-dimensional structures but are often restricted to about 5 Å due to the weakness of nuclear-spin dipolar couplings. For studying macromolecular assemblies in biology and materials science, distance constraints beyond 1 nm will be extremely valuable. Here we present an extensive and quantitative analysis of the feasibility of 19F spin exchange NMR for precise and robust measurements of interatomic distances up to 1.6 nm at a magnetic field of 14.1 T, under 20-40 kHz magic-angle spinning (MAS). The measured distances are comparable to those achievable from paramagnetic relaxation enhancement but have higher precision, which is better than ±1 Å for short distances and ±2 Å for long distances. For 19F spins with the same isotropic chemical shift but different anisotropic chemical shifts, intermediate MAS frequencies of 15-25 kHz without 1H irradiation accelerate spin exchange. For spectrally resolved 19F-19F spin exchange, 1H-19F dipolar recoupling significantly speeds up 19F-19F spin exchange. On the basis of data from five fluorinated synthetic, pharmaceutical, and biological compounds, we obtained two general curves for spin exchange between CF groups and between CF3 and CF groups. These curves allow 19F-19F distances to be extracted from the measured spin exchange rates after taking into account 19F chemical shifts. These results demonstrate the robustness of 19F spin exchange NMR for distance measurements in a wide range of biological and chemical systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Roos
- Department of Chemistry , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , 170 Albany Street , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
| | - Tuo Wang
- Department of Chemistry , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , 170 Albany Street , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
| | - Alexander A Shcherbakov
- Department of Chemistry , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , 170 Albany Street , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
| | - Mei Hong
- Department of Chemistry , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , 170 Albany Street , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
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7
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Schneider H, Saalwächter K, Roos M. Complex Morphology of the Intermediate Phase in Block Copolymers and Semicrystalline Polymers As Revealed by 1H NMR Spin Diffusion Experiments. Macromolecules 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.7b00703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Horst Schneider
- Institut für Physik - NMR, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Betty-Heimann-Str. 7, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Kay Saalwächter
- Institut für Physik - NMR, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Betty-Heimann-Str. 7, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Matthias Roos
- Institut für Physik - NMR, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Betty-Heimann-Str. 7, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 170 Albany St, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139-4208, United States
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Sorte EG, Alam TM. 1 H- 19 F REDOR-filtered NMR spin diffusion measurements of domain size in heterogeneous polymers. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY : MRC 2017; 55:1006-1014. [PMID: 28577309 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.4623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Revised: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Solid state NMR spectroscopy is inherently sensitive to chemical structure and composition and thus makes an ideal method to probe the heterogeneity of multicomponent polymers. Specifically, NMR spin diffusion experiments can be used to extract reliable information about spatial domain sizes on multiple length scales, provided that magnetization selection of one domain can be achieved. In this paper, we demonstrate the preferential filtering of protons in fluorinated domains during NMR spin diffusion experiments using 1 H-19 F heteronuclear dipolar dephasing based on rotational echo double resonance (REDOR) MAS NMR techniques. Three pulse sequence variations are demonstrated based on the different nuclei detected: direct 1 H detection, plus both 1 H➔13 C cross polarization and 1 H➔19 F cross polarization detection schemes. This 1 H-19 F REDOR-filtered spin diffusion method was used to measure fluorinated domain sizes for a complex polymer blend. The efficacy of the REDOR-based spin filter does not rely on spin relaxation behavior or chemical shift differences and thus is applicable for performing NMR spin diffusion experiments in samples where traditional magnetization filters may prove unsuccessful. This REDOR-filtered NMR spin diffusion method can also be extended to other samples where a heteronuclear spin pair exists that is unique to the domain of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric G Sorte
- Department of Organic Material Science, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM, 87185, USA
| | - Todd M Alam
- Department of Organic Material Science, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM, 87185, USA
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9
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Kelsey J, Pickering N, Clough A, Zhou J, White JL. Multiblock Inverse-Tapered Copolymers: Glass Transition Temperatures and Dynamic Heterogeneity as a Function of Chain Architecture. Macromolecules 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.7b01476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jarred Kelsey
- Department of Chemistry, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078, United States
| | - Nathan Pickering
- Department of Chemistry, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078, United States
| | - Andrew Clough
- Department of Chemistry, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078, United States
| | - Joe Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078, United States
| | - Jeffery L. White
- Department of Chemistry, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078, United States
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10
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Shmyreva AA, Safdari M, Furó I, Dvinskikh SV. NMR longitudinal relaxation enhancement in metal halides by heteronuclear polarization exchange during magic-angle spinning. J Chem Phys 2016; 144:224201. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4953540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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11
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Schäler K, Roos M, Micke P, Golitsyn Y, Seidlitz A, Thurn-Albrecht T, Schneider H, Hempel G, Saalwächter K. Basic principles of static proton low-resolution spin diffusion NMR in nanophase-separated materials with mobility contrast. SOLID STATE NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE 2015; 72:50-63. [PMID: 26404771 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssnmr.2015.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Revised: 08/28/2015] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We review basic principles of low-resolution proton NMR spin diffusion experiments, relying on mobility differences in nm-sized phases of inhomogeneous organic materials such as block-co- or semicrystalline polymers. They are of use for estimates of domain sizes and insights into nanometric dynamic inhomogeneities. Experimental procedures and limitations of mobility-based signal decomposition/filtering prior to spin diffusion are addressed on the example of as yet unpublished data on semicrystalline poly(ϵ-caprolactone), PCL. Specifically, we discuss technical aspects of the quantitative, dead-time free detection of rigid-domain signals by aid of the magic-sandwich echo (MSE), and magic-and-polarization-echo (MAPE) and double-quantum (DQ) magnetization filters to select rigid and mobile components, respectively. Such filters are of general use in reliable fitting approaches for phase composition determinations. Spin diffusion studies at low field using benchtop instruments are challenged by rather short (1)H T1 relaxation times, which calls for simulation-based analyses. Applying these, in combination with domain sizes as determined by small-angle X-ray scattering, we have determined spin diffusion coefficients D for PCL (0.34, 0.19 and 0.032nm(2)/ms for crystalline, interphase and amorphous parts, respectively). We further address thermal-history effects related to secondary crystallization. Finally, the state of knowledge concerning the connection between D values determined locally at the atomic level, using (13)C detection and CP- or REDOR-based "(1)H hole burning" procedures, and those obtained by calibration experiments, is summarized. Specifically, the non-trivial dependence of D on the magic-angle spinning (MAS) frequency, with a minimum under static and a local maximum under moderate-MAS conditions, is highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerstin Schäler
- Institut für Physik, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, 06099 Halle, Germany
| | - Matthias Roos
- Institut für Physik, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, 06099 Halle, Germany
| | - Peter Micke
- Institut für Physik, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, 06099 Halle, Germany
| | - Yury Golitsyn
- Institut für Physik, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, 06099 Halle, Germany
| | - Anne Seidlitz
- Institut für Physik, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, 06099 Halle, Germany
| | - Thomas Thurn-Albrecht
- Institut für Physik, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, 06099 Halle, Germany
| | - Horst Schneider
- Institut für Physik, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, 06099 Halle, Germany
| | - Günter Hempel
- Institut für Physik, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, 06099 Halle, Germany
| | - Kay Saalwächter
- Institut für Physik, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, 06099 Halle, Germany.
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