1
|
Viseur R, Charleux A, Fally B. How makers responded to the Personal Protective Equipment shortage during the COVID-19 pandemic: An analysis focused on the Hauts-de-France region. EUROPEAN MANAGEMENT JOURNAL 2023:S0263-2373(23)00056-7. [PMID: 37362856 PMCID: PMC10147541 DOI: 10.1016/j.emj.2023.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic saw makers mobilize around the world to address a shortage of medical equipment. Our research focuses on a group of makers organized in the Hauts-de-France region. Combining interviews with tool-based and hybrid method (quantitative/qualitative), we analyzed the collaborative messaging room used to coordinate the production of face shields. That field work enabled us to update the profile of the participants, the intensity of their contribution, the nature of the innovation implemented, the coordination mechanisms, and the associated difficulties. We identified different makers' profiles given their backgrounds, expertise, and network. We evaluated the type of collaboration they developed with the local public and private actors through an online platform, and how technology facilitated the interactions and circulation of information despite the confinement. We evaluated the level of performance from the point of view of an organization, knowledge transfer, and invention. It reveals how these practices can successfully evolve from resilience to innovation. We discuss the potential of exploiting the makers' open source practices in collaborative and innovative territory dynamics with an interest in sharing the knowledge commons.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert Viseur
- University of Mons, Place Warocqué 17, 7000, Mons, Belgium
| | - Amel Charleux
- University of Montpellier, Rue Vendémiaire, 34000, Montpellier, France
| | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Fogarasi M, Snodderly K, Herman A, Guha S, Porter D. Benchtop assessment of sealing efficacy and breathability of additively manufactured (AM) face masks. ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING 2023; 67:103468. [PMID: 36925558 PMCID: PMC9974208 DOI: 10.1016/j.addma.2023.103468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The onset of the 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) led to a shortage of personal protective equipment (PPE), medical devices, and other medical supplies causing many stakeholders and the general public alike to turn to additive manufacturing (AM) as a stopgap when normally accessible devices were not available. However, without a method to test these AM constructs, there continued to be a disconnect between AM suppliers and the community's needs. The objective of this study was to characterize the pressure drop and leakage of four different publicly available AM face mask models with two filter material combinations, as well as to investigate the impact of frame modification techniques including the use of foam strips and hot-water face forming to improve fit when the masks are donned on manikin head forms. AM face mask frame designs were downloaded from public repositories during the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic. AM face masks were fabricated and tested on manikin head forms within a custom chamber containing dry aerosolized NaCl. Pressure drops, particle penetration, and leakage were evaluated for various flow rates and NaCl concentrations. Results indicated that filter material combination and frame modification played a major role in the overall performance of the AM face masks studied. Filter material combinations showed improved performance when high filtration fabric was used, and the cross-sectional area of the fabric was increased. AM frame modifications appeared to improve AM face mask leakage performance by as much as 69.6%.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Magdalene Fogarasi
- Division of Applied Mechanics, Office of Science and Engineering Laboratories, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, United States Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
| | - Kirstie Snodderly
- Division of Applied Mechanics, Office of Science and Engineering Laboratories, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, United States Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
| | - Alexander Herman
- Division of Applied Mechanics, Office of Science and Engineering Laboratories, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, United States Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
| | - Suvajyoti Guha
- Division of Applied Mechanics, Office of Science and Engineering Laboratories, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, United States Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
| | - Daniel Porter
- Division of Applied Mechanics, Office of Science and Engineering Laboratories, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, United States Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Khonsari RH, Oranger M, François PM, Mendoza-Ruiz A, Leroux K, Boussaid G, Prieur D, Hodge JP, Belle A, Midler V, Morelot-Panzini C, Patout M, Gonzalez-Bermejo J. Quality versus emergency: How good were ventilation fittings produced by additive manufacturing to address shortages during the COVID19 pandemic? PLoS One 2022; 17:e0263808. [PMID: 35446853 PMCID: PMC9022824 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0263808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The coronavirus disease pandemic (COVID-19) increased the risk of shortage in intensive care devices, including fittings with intentional leaks. 3D-printing has been used worldwide to produce missing devices. Here we provide key elements towards better quality control of 3D-printed ventilation fittings in a context of sanitary crisis. MATERIAL AND METHODS Five 3D-printed designs were assessed for non-intentional (junctional and parietal) and intentional leaks: 4 fittings 3D-printed in-house using FDeposition Modelling (FDM), 1 FDM 3D-printed fitting provided by an independent maker, and 2 fittings 3D-printed in-house using Polyjet technology. Five industrial models were included as controls. Two values of wall thickness and the use of coating were tested for in-house FDM-printed devices. RESULTS Industrial and Polyjet-printed fittings had no parietal and junctional leaks, and satisfactory intentional leaks. In-house FDM-printed fittings had constant parietal leaks without coating, but this post-treatment method was efficient in controlling parietal sealing, even in devices with thinner walls (0.7 mm vs 2.3 mm). Nevertheless, the use of coating systematically induced absent or insufficient intentional leaks. Junctional leaks were constant with FDM-printed fittings but could be controlled using rubber junctions rather than usual rigid junctions. The properties of Polyjet-printed and FDM-printed fittings were stable over a period of 18 months. CONCLUSIONS 3D-printing is a valid technology to produce ventilation devices but requires care in the choice of printing methods, raw materials, and post-treatment procedures. Even in a context of sanitary crisis, devices produced outside hospitals should be used only after professional quality control, with precise data available on printing protocols. The mechanical properties of ventilation devices are crucial for efficient ventilation, avoiding rebreathing of CO2, and preventing the dispersion of viral particles that can contaminate health professionals. Specific norms are still required to formalise quality control procedures for ventilation fittings, with the rise of 3D-printing initiatives and the perspective of new pandemics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roman Hossein Khonsari
- Service de Chirurgie Maxillo-Faciale et Chirurgie Plastique, Hôpital Necker - Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique – Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
- Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Délégation Inter-Départementale pour le Développement de la Fabrication Additive (DIDDFA), Direction générale, Assistance Publique – Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
- * E-mail:
| | - Mathilde Oranger
- Service de Réhabilitation Respiratoire (Département R3S), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique – Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
- Faculté de Médecine, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | | | | | | | - Ghilas Boussaid
- Service de Réhabilitation Respiratoire (Département R3S), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique – Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Delphine Prieur
- Délégation Inter-Départementale pour le Développement de la Fabrication Additive (DIDDFA), Direction générale, Assistance Publique – Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | | | - Antoine Belle
- Service de Pneumologie, Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal de Compiègne-Noyon, Compiègne, France
| | - Vincent Midler
- Département de la Maîtrise d’Ouvrage et de la Politique Technique – DEFIP, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Capucine Morelot-Panzini
- Faculté de Médecine, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
- Neurophysiologie Respiratoire Expérimentale et Clinique, INSERM UMRS1158, Paris, France
| | - Maxime Patout
- Faculté de Médecine, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
- Neurophysiologie Respiratoire Expérimentale et Clinique, INSERM UMRS1158, Paris, France
- Service des Pathologies du Sommeil (Département R3S), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Jésus Gonzalez-Bermejo
- Service de Réhabilitation Respiratoire (Département R3S), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique – Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
- Faculté de Médecine, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
- Neurophysiologie Respiratoire Expérimentale et Clinique, INSERM UMRS1158, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Gruber P, Hoppe V, Grochowska E, Paleczny J, Junka A, Smolina I, Kurzynowski T. Material Extrusion-Based Additive Manufacturing of Poly(Lactic Acid) Antibacterial Filaments-A Case Study of Antimicrobial Properties. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:4337. [PMID: 34960888 PMCID: PMC8704716 DOI: 10.3390/polym13244337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In the era of the coronavirus pandemic, one of the most demanding areas was the supply of healthcare systems in essential Personal Protection Equipment (PPE), including face-shields and hands-free door openers. This need, impossible to fill by traditional manufacturing methods, was met by implementing of such emerging technologies as additive manufacturing (AM/3D printing). In this article, Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) filaments for Fused filament fabrication (FFF) technology in the context of the antibacterial properties of finished products were analyzed. The methodology included 2D radiography and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis to determine the presence of antimicrobial additives in the material and their impact on such hospital pathogens as Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Clostridium difficile. The results show that not all tested materials displayed the expected antimicrobial properties after processing in FFF technology. The results showed that in the case of specific species of bacteria, the FFF samples, produced using the declared antibacterial materials, may even stimulate the microbial growth. The novelty of the results relies on methodological approach exceeding scope of ISO 22196 standard and is based on tests with three different species of bacteria in two types of media simulating common body fluids that can be found on frequently touched, nosocomial surfaces. The data presented in this article is of pivotal meaning taking under consideration the increasing interest in application of such products in the clinical setting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Gruber
- Center for Advanced Manufacturing Technologies (CAMT-FPC), Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, 50-371 Wroclaw, Poland; (P.G.); (E.G.); (I.S.); (T.K.)
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, 50-371 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Viktoria Hoppe
- Center for Advanced Manufacturing Technologies (CAMT-FPC), Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, 50-371 Wroclaw, Poland; (P.G.); (E.G.); (I.S.); (T.K.)
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, 50-371 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Emilia Grochowska
- Center for Advanced Manufacturing Technologies (CAMT-FPC), Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, 50-371 Wroclaw, Poland; (P.G.); (E.G.); (I.S.); (T.K.)
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, 50-371 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Justyna Paleczny
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Parasitology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland; (J.P.); (A.J.)
| | - Adam Junka
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Parasitology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland; (J.P.); (A.J.)
| | - Irina Smolina
- Center for Advanced Manufacturing Technologies (CAMT-FPC), Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, 50-371 Wroclaw, Poland; (P.G.); (E.G.); (I.S.); (T.K.)
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, 50-371 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Tomasz Kurzynowski
- Center for Advanced Manufacturing Technologies (CAMT-FPC), Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, 50-371 Wroclaw, Poland; (P.G.); (E.G.); (I.S.); (T.K.)
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, 50-371 Wroclaw, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
How Digital Twin Concept Supports Internal Transport Systems?—Literature Review. ENERGIES 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/en14164919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
In the Industry 4.0 era, the Digital Twin has become one of the most promising enabling technologies supporting material flow. Although the literature on the Digital Twin is becoming relatively well explored, including a certain number of review papers, the context of the Digital Twins application in internal transport systems has not been investigated so far. This paper thoroughly reviews the research on the Digital Twins applied in internal transport systems concerning major research trends within this research area and identification of future research directions. It provides clarification of various definitions related to the Digital Twin concept, including misconceptions such as a digital shadow, a digital model, and a digital mirror. Additionally, the relationships between terms such as material handling, material flow, and intralogistics in the context of internal transport systems coupled with the Digital Twin are explained. This paper’s contribution to the current state of the art of the Digital Twins is three-fold: (1) recognition of the most influential and high-impact journals, papers, and researchers; (2) identification of the major research trends related to the Digital Twins applications in internal transport systems, and (3) presentation of future research agendas in investigating Digital Twins applied for internal transport systems.
Collapse
|