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Dudley MZ, Squires GK, Petroske TM, Dawson S, Brewer J. The Use of Narrative in Science and Health Communication: A Scoping Review. PATIENT EDUCATION AND COUNSELING 2023; 112:107752. [PMID: 37068426 DOI: 10.1016/j.pec.2023.107752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many people deny science and reject health recommendations despite widely distributed facts and statistics. Didactic science and health communication is often dry, and relies on the false assumption that people make purely evidence-based decisions. Stories can be a powerful teaching tool by capturing attention and evoking emotion. OBJECTIVE We explore the impact and appeal of, and describe best practices for, using narrative (storytelling) versus didactic methods in science and health communication. PATIENT INVOLVEMENT No patients were involved in the review process. METHODS We searched PubMed and Web of Science for articles either: assessing effectiveness of narrative science/health communication; assessing acceptability of (or preference for) narrative science/health communication; giving advice on how best to use narrative; and/or providing science-based explanations for how/why narrative succeeds. RESULTS Narrative science/health communication is effective and appealing for audiences across a variety of topics and mediums, with supporting evidence across fields such as epidemiology, neuroscience, and psychology. Whether narrative or didactic messaging is most effective depends on the topic, audience, and objective, as well as message quality. However, combining narrative with didactic methods is likely to be more effective than using either strategy alone. DISCUSSION Narrative science/health communication merits wider implementation and further research. Narrative communication creates openness to information by delaying the formulation of counterarguments. PRACTICAL VALUE Science and health communicators should collaborate with cultural and storytelling experts, work directly with their target audiences throughout the message development and testing processes, and rely on popular story elements (e.g., first-person point of view, relatable protagonists) to improve the comprehension, engagement, and thoughtful consideration of their intended audience. FUNDING This work was funded by Thirty Meter Telescope, with which two authors (GKS and SD) were affiliated. Otherwise, the funding organization had no role in the study and/or submission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Z Dudley
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N. Wolfe Street, w5041, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Institute for Vaccine Safety, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N. Wolfe Street, w5041, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
| | - Gordon K Squires
- California Institute of Technology / IPAC, 1200 E California Blvd, 315 Keith Spalding, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | | | - Sandra Dawson
- Thirty Meter Telescope International Observatory, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Janesse Brewer
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N. Wolfe Street, w5041, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Institute for Vaccine Safety, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N. Wolfe Street, w5041, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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Fu X, Xu Y. Ex-ante reminders: The effect of messaging strategies on reducing non-sustainable consumption behaviors in access-based services. Front Psychol 2022; 13:984222. [PMID: 36148125 PMCID: PMC9486457 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.984222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Users’ non-sustainable consumption behaviors are affecting the sustainability of access-based services (ABSs), but ABS firms can utilize messaging strategies (ex-ante reminders) to persuade users to curtail their non-sustainable consumption behaviors. Through two online scenario-based experiments in China, this study determined that: (1) Compared with rational appeal messaging, emotional appeal messaging is better able to persuade consumers to curtail non-sustainable consumption behaviors. Furthermore, loss-framed messages are more effective than gain-framed ones. (2) Message appeal and message framing have an interactive persuasive effect on reducing such consumer behaviors. Loss-framed rational appeal messages are more persuasive at reducing non-sustainable consumption behaviors than gain-framed rational appeal messages, and gain-framed emotional appeal messages persuade consumers to reduce non-sustainable consumption behaviors more than loss-framed ones. (3) Consumers’ psychological ownership moderates the persuasive effect of messaging. Among consumers with a high level of psychological ownership of shared goods, only gain-framed emotional appeal messaging is effective at reducing non-sustainable consumption behaviors, whereas among consumers with low psychological ownership, the persuasive effect of loss-framed rational appeal messaging is more effective than gain-framed emotional appeal messaging. This study extends the research on non-sustainable consumption behavior management in ABSs and provides important inspiration for the management of ABSs consumer behavior.
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Vafeiadis M, Shen F. Effects of narratives, frames, and involvement on health message effectiveness. Health Mark Q 2021; 39:213-229. [PMID: 34406111 DOI: 10.1080/07359683.2021.1965824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
An online 2 (evidence type: narrative vs. informational) × 2 (message frame: gain vs. loss) × 2 (involvement: low vs. high) between-subjects factorial experiment was conducted to examine their effects in skin cancer awareness campaigns. Results showed that loss-framed narratives were convincing for high-involved individuals, whereas both gain-framed informational and loss-framed narratives evoked higher issue attitudes and behavioral intentions for low-involved ones. Mediation analyses showed that identification with the story protagonist mediated narrative effects on the outcome variables. Theoretical and practical implications for sun protection awareness campaigns are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michail Vafeiadis
- School of Communication & Journalism, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA
| | - Fuyuan Shen
- Department of Advertising and Public Relations, Donald P. Bellisario College of Communications, Pennsylvania State University, State College, Pennsylvania, USA
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Health gains through loss frames: Testing the effectiveness of message framing on citizens' use of nutritional warnings. Appetite 2021; 166:105469. [PMID: 34146646 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2021.105469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present work was twofold: (i) to evaluate the effect of nutritional warnings and health-related packaging cues (nutrient claim and images of natural foods) on consumers' food choices, and (ii) to evaluate the influence of two types of messages (gain-framed and loss-framed) aimed at encouraging the use of such warnings and packaging cues on food choices. A total of 510 participants were recruited using an advertisement on Facebook and Instagram targeted at Uruguayan adult users. Participants were randomly allocated to one of three experimental groups: control (n = 167), loss-framed messages (n = 177) and gain-framed messages (n = 166). Then, they completed a choice-conjoint task involving packages of crackers differing in three variables: nutritional warnings (present vs. absent), nutrient claim (present vs. absent) and images of seeds and wheat (present vs. absent). Warnings were the most relevant package element driving choices, even when participants were not exposed to any type of message. Exposure to loss-framed messages led to changes in the relative importance attached to the package characteristics, whereas gain-framed messages did not. Graphic pieces conveying messages encouraging the use of nutritional warnings by stressing the negative consequences of excessive consumption of sugar, fat, and sodium increased the relative importance attached to nutritional warnings and decreased the relative importance attached to health-related cues (nutrient claims and images of seeds and wheat). These results suggest that public awareness campaigns aimed at encouraging citizens to use nutritional warnings should emphasize the negative health consequences of excessive intake of sugar, fat, and sodium.
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Alcantara MD, Ares G, de Castro IPL, Deliza R. Gain vs. loss-framing for reducing sugar consumption: Insights from a choice experiment with six product categories. Food Res Int 2020; 136:109458. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Ares G, Machín L, Vidal L, Otterbring T, Aschemann-Witzel J, Curutchet MR, Bove I. Uruguayan Citizens' Perception of Messages to Promote Healthy Eating Through the Use of Nutritional Warnings. JOURNAL OF NUTRITION EDUCATION AND BEHAVIOR 2020; 52:918-927. [PMID: 32631789 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneb.2020.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the specific type of messages people consider most appropriate for a mass communication campaign aimed to promote healthy eating in the context of the implementation of nutritional warnings. DESIGN Online study including multiple-choice and open-ended questions. SETTING Uruguay, 1 of the Latin American countries with the highest prevalence of overweight and obesity. PARTICIPANTS A total of 859 participants were recruited using social media. They were diverse in terms of gender, age, educational level, socioeconomic status, and self-reported body mass index. PHENOMENON OF INTEREST Participants were presented with 3 series of messages and were asked to select the 1 they perceived as the most appropriate and to provide a brief explanation for their selection. ANALYSIS Descriptive statistics for the multiple-choice questions and inductive coding for the responses to the open-ended questions. RESULTS Participants tended to prefer messages that conveyed a cue to action for achieving changes to their perceived ability to make healthful food choices. Although messages related to the promotion of informed food choices were the most frequently preferred, messages related to negative health consequences and health benefits were also selected repetitively. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Communication campaigns aimed at promoting healthy eating through the use of nutritional warnings could include different contents to target specific segments with different motivations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gastón Ares
- Sensometrics & Consumer Science, Instituto Polo Tecnológico de Pando, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, Pando, Canelones, Uruguay; Centro de Investigación Básica en Psicología, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay.
| | - Leandro Machín
- Centro de Investigación Básica en Psicología, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Leticia Vidal
- Sensometrics & Consumer Science, Instituto Polo Tecnológico de Pando, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, Pando, Canelones, Uruguay
| | | | | | - María R Curutchet
- Observatorio de Seguridad Alimentaria, Instituto Nacional de Alimentación, Montevideo, Uruguay
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Kim J, Kam HJ, Kim Y, Lee Y, Lee JH. Understanding Time Series Patterns of Weight and Meal History Reports in Mobile Weight Loss Intervention Programs: Data-Driven Analysis. J Med Internet Res 2020; 22:e17521. [PMID: 32780028 PMCID: PMC7448179 DOI: 10.2196/17521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Mobile apps for weight loss provide users with convenient features for recording lifestyle and health indicators; they have been widely used for weight loss recently. Previous studies in this field generally focused on the relationship between the cumulative nature of self-reported data and the results in weight loss at the end of the diet period. Therefore, we conducted an in-depth study to explore the relationships between adherence to self-reporting and weight loss outcomes during the weight reduction process. Objective We explored the relationship between adherence to self-reporting and weight loss outcomes during the time series weight reduction process with the following 3 research questions: “How does adherence to self-reporting of body weight and meal history change over time?”, “How do weight loss outcomes depend on weight changes over time?”, and “How does adherence to the weight loss intervention change over time by gender?” Methods We analyzed self-reported data collected weekly for 16 weeks (January 2017 to March 2018) from 684 Korean men and women who participated in a mobile weight loss intervention program provided by a mobile diet app called Noom. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and chi-squared tests were employed to determine whether the baseline characteristics among the groups of weight loss results were different. Based on the ANOVA results and slope analysis of the trend indicating participant behavior along the time axis, we explored the relationship between adherence to self-reporting and weight loss results. Results Adherence to self-reporting levels decreased over time, as previous studies have found. BMI change patterns (ie, absolute BMI values and change in BMI values within a week) changed over time and were characterized in 3 time series periods. The relationships between the weight loss outcome and both meal history and self-reporting patterns were gender-dependent. There was no statistical association between adherence to self-reporting and weight loss outcomes in the male participants. Conclusions Although mobile technology has increased the convenience of self-reporting when dieting, it should be noted that technology itself is not the essence of weight loss. The in-depth understanding of the relationship between adherence to self-reporting and weight loss outcome found in this study may contribute to the development of better weight loss interventions in mobile environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junetae Kim
- Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Goyang-si, Republic of Korea.,Cancer Data Center, National Cancer Control Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang-si, Republic of Korea.,Healthcare AI Team, Healthcare Platform Center, National Cancer Center, Goyang-si, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Youngin Kim
- Noom Inc., New York, NY, United States.,Department of Biomedical Systems Informatics, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yura Lee
- Department of Information Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Ho Lee
- Department of Information Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Emergency Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Landais LL, Damman OC, Schoonmade LJ, Timmermans DRM, Verhagen EALM, Jelsma JGM. Choice architecture interventions to change physical activity and sedentary behavior: a systematic review of effects on intention, behavior and health outcomes during and after intervention. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2020; 17:47. [PMID: 32264899 PMCID: PMC7140383 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-020-00942-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Choice architecture interventions, which subtly change the environment in which individuals make decisions, can be used to promote behavior change. This systematic review aimed to summarize studies on micro-environmental choice architecture interventions that encouraged physical activity or discouraged sedentary behavior in adults, and to describe the effectiveness of those interventions on these behaviors - and on related intentions or health outcomes - in presence of the intervention and after removal of the intervention (i.e. post-intervention, regardless of the time elapsed). METHODS We systematically searched PubMed, Embase, PsycINFO and the Cochrane Library for (quasi) experimental studies published up to December 2019 that evaluated the effect of choice architecture interventions on physical activity and sedentary behavior, as well as on intentions and health outcomes related to physical activity/sedentary behavior. Studies that combined choice architecture techniques with other behavior change techniques were excluded. All studies were screened for eligibility, relevant data was extracted and two independent reviewers assessed the methodological quality using the QualSyst tool. RESULTS Of the 9609 records initially identified, 88 studies met our eligibility criteria. Most studies (n = 70) were of high methodologic quality. Eighty-six studies targeted physical activity, predominantly stair use, whereas two studies targeted sedentary behavior, and one targeted both behaviors. Intervention techniques identified were prompting (n = 53), message framing (n = 24), social comparison (n = 12), feedback (n = 8), default change (n = 1) and anchoring (n = 1). In presence of the intervention, 68% of the studies reported an effect of choice architecture on behavior, whereas after removal of the intervention only 47% of the studies reported a significant effect. For all choice architecture techniques identified, except for message framing, the majority of studies reported a significant effect on behavioral intentions or behavior in presence of the intervention. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that prompting can effectively encourage stair use in adults, especially in presence of a prompt. The effectiveness of the choice architecture techniques social influence, feedback, default change and anchoring cannot be assessed based on this review. More (controlled) studies are needed to assess the (sustained) effectiveness of choice architecture interventions on sedentary behavior and other types of physical activity than stair use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorraine L Landais
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health research institute, Van der Boechorststraat 7, NL-1081 BT, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Olga C Damman
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health research institute, Van der Boechorststraat 7, NL-1081 BT, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Danielle R M Timmermans
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health research institute, Van der Boechorststraat 7, NL-1081 BT, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Evert A L M Verhagen
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health research institute, Van der Boechorststraat 7, NL-1081 BT, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Collaboration on Health & Safety in Sports, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Judith G M Jelsma
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health research institute, Van der Boechorststraat 7, NL-1081 BT, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Wirtz JG. Does it matter who's at risk?: Testing message framing and narrative as moderators of the effects of self-referencing in obesity prevention messages targeting Hispanic adults living in the U.S. Health Mark Q 2020; 37:22-40. [PMID: 32072879 DOI: 10.1080/07359683.2020.1713576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
This study tested whether the effect of self-referencing in a health-marketing message was amplified or attenuated when combined with message framing and narrative. Hispanic adults (N = 146) were randomly assigned to read and respond to an obesity prevention message. Self-referencing messages generated greater cognitive elaboration but only when placed in a narrative. Conversely, self-referencing messages highlighting health risks of obesity produced higher levels of involvement and intention to increase physical activity and healthy eating. Health marketing professionals can use these findings to enhance the effectiveness of obesity prevention messages that target Hispanic adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- John G Wirtz
- Charles H. Sandage Department of Advertising, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
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Ares G, Machín L, Vidal L, Aschemann-Witzel J, Otterbring T, Curutchet MR, Giménez A, Bove I. How Can We Motivate People to Use Nutritional Warnings in Decision Making? Citizen Co-Created Insights for the Development of Communication Campaigns. HEALTH EDUCATION & BEHAVIOR 2019; 47:321-331. [DOI: 10.1177/1090198119889086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Nutritional warnings are intended to enable citizens to make informed choice by clearly identifying food products with excessive content of nutrients associated with noncommunicable diseases. The efficacy of this public policy is expected to improve if accompanied by communication campaigns that raise awareness of the existence of nutritional warnings, as well as encourage citizens to take them into account in decision making. Because ordinary citizens have been shown to generate significantly more creative and valuable ideas than advanced users and professional developers, the aim of the present work was to obtain qualitative, citizen co-created insights for the design of a communication campaign. An online study was conducted with 518 Uruguayan citizens, recruited using a Facebook advertisement. Participants were asked to answer a series of open-ended questions about how they would encourage other people to use the warnings for making their food choices, as well as the key contents of a communication campaign. Responses were analyzed using content analysis. Results showed that, according to the participants’ accounts, an effective public awareness campaign aimed at promoting the use of nutritional warnings in decision making should include three main concepts: (a) position warnings as a cue to action for improving eating habits by enabling informed choices; (b) emphasize the benefits of using the warnings for avoiding consumption of unhealthy food and, consequently, achieving a healthier diet and an improvement in health status and quality of life; and (c) increase the perceived susceptibility and severity of the negative consequences of consumption of foods with excessive content of sugar, fat, and sodium. A communication campaign based on these key concepts could contribute to increasing the efficacy of nutritional warnings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gastón Ares
- Universidad de la República, Pando, Canelones, Uruguay
- Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | | | - Leticia Vidal
- Universidad de la República, Pando, Canelones, Uruguay
| | | | | | | | - Ana Giménez
- Universidad de la República, Pando, Canelones, Uruguay
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Williams J, Saken M, Gough S, Hing W. The effects of message framing characteristics on physical activity education: A systematic review. COGENT MEDICINE 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/2331205x.2019.1666619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jayde Williams
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Gold Coast, Australia
| | - Melissa Saken
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Gold Coast, Australia
| | - Suzanne Gough
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Gold Coast, Australia
| | - Wayne Hing
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Gold Coast, Australia
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Does message framing matter for promoting the use of nutritional warnings in decision making? Public Health Nutr 2019; 22:3025-3034. [DOI: 10.1017/s1368980019002507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
AbstractObjective:To evaluate the impact of message framing on attitudes towards messages aimed at promoting the use of nutritional warnings, behavioural intention and actual behaviour, evaluated through visual attention to nutritional warnings and the choice of a snack product during a real choice task.Design:Following a between-subjects design, participants were exposed to loss-framed nutrition messages, gain-framed nutrition messages or non-nutrition-related messages (control group). After evaluating the messages, participants were asked to select a snack product as a compensation for their participation. The experiment was conducted using an eye tracker.Setting:Montevideo (Uruguay).Participants:Convenience sample of 201 people (18–51 years old, 58 % female).Results:The average percentage of participants who fixated their gaze on the nutritional warnings during the choice task was slightly but significantly higher for participants who attended to nutrition messages (regardless of their framing) compared with the control group. Participants who attended to loss-framed messages fixated their gaze on the warnings for the longest period of time. In addition, the healthfulness of the snack choices was higher for participants exposed to nutrition-related messages compared with the control group.Conclusions:Results from the present work suggest that nutrition messages aimed at increasing awareness of nutritional warnings may increase consumers’ visual attention and encourage more heathful choices. The framing of the messages only had a minor effect on their efficacy.
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Zahid A, Reicks M. Gain-Framed Messages Were Related to Higher Motivation Scores for Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Parenting Practices than Loss-Framed Messages. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10050625. [PMID: 29772643 PMCID: PMC5986504 DOI: 10.3390/nu10050625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Revised: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Parents play an important role in promoting healthy beverage intake among children. Message-framing approaches, where outcomes are described as positive (gain) or negative (loss) results, can be used to encourage parenting practices that promote healthy beverage intakes. This study tested the effectiveness of message framing on motivation for parenting practices targeting reductions in child sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) intake (controlling availability, role modeling) and dispositional factors moderating effectiveness. Parents (n = 380) completed a survey to assess motivation after viewing gain- and loss-framed messages to engage in parenting practices, usual beverage intake, and home beverage availability. Paired t-tests were used to examine differences in motivation scores after viewing gain- vs. loss-framed messages for all parents and by subgroups according to low vs. high SSB intake and home availability, and weight status. Gain- versus loss-framed messages were related to higher motivation scores for both parenting practices for all parents (n = 380, p < 0.01) and most subgroups. No differences were observed by message frame for parents in low home SSB availability or normal and overweight BMI subgroups for controlling availability. Gain- versus loss-framed messages were related to higher motivation scores, therefore gain-framed messages are recommended for parent interventions intended to decrease child intake of SSBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arwa Zahid
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA.
| | - Marla Reicks
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA.
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Banna JC, Reicks M, Gunther C, Richards R, Bruhn C, Cluskey M, Wong SS, Misner S, Hongu N, Johnston NP. Evaluation of emotion-based messages designed to motivate Hispanic and Asian parents of early adolescents to engage in calcium-rich food and beverage parenting practices. Nutr Res Pract 2016; 10:456-63. [PMID: 27478554 PMCID: PMC4958650 DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2016.10.4.456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2015] [Revised: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Setting healthful beverage expectations, making calcium-rich foods and beverages (CRF/B) available, and role modeling are parenting practices promoting calcium intake among early adolescents. This study aimed to evaluate emotion-based messages designed to motivate parents of early adolescents to perform these practices. SUBJECTS/METHODS Emotion-based messages were developed for each parenting practice and tested in 35 parents from 5 states. Findings were used to modify messages and develop a survey administered via Amazon MechanicalTurk to a convenience sample of Asian (n = 166) and Hispanic (n = 184) parents of children 10-13 years. Main outcome measures were message comprehension, motivation, relevance, acceptability, and novelty. Engagement in the parenting practices was also assessed. RESULTS Message comprehension was acceptable for the majority of parents. Most also agreed that messages were motivational (setting healthful beverage expectations (69.0%), making CRF/B available (67.4%), and role modeling (80.0%)), relevant and acceptable. About 30-50% indicated they had not seen the information before. Many parents indicated they were already engaging in the practices (> 70%). No racial/ethnic differences were observed for responses to messages or engaging in parenting practices. CONCLUSIONS Results indicate that emotion-based messages designed to motivate parents to engage in parenting practices that promote calcium intake among early adolescents were motivating, relevant, and acceptable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinan Corinne Banna
- Department of Human Nutrition, Food and Animal Sciences, 1955 East West Road, Agricultural Sciences 216, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
| | - Marla Reicks
- Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Carolyn Gunther
- Department of Human Nutrition, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Rickelle Richards
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food Science, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - Christine Bruhn
- Center for Consumer Research, Food Science and Technology, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Mary Cluskey
- Nutrition, School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Siew Sun Wong
- Nutrition, School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Scottie Misner
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Nobuko Hongu
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - N Paul Johnston
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food Science, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
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Perrier MJ, Martin Ginis KA. Changing health-promoting behaviours through narrative interventions: A systematic review. J Health Psychol 2016; 23:1499-1517. [PMID: 27387514 DOI: 10.1177/1359105316656243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this review was to summarize the literature supporting narrative interventions that target health-promoting behaviours. Eligible articles were English-language peer-reviewed studies that quantitatively reported the results of a narrative intervention targeting health-promoting behaviours or theoretical determinants of behaviour. Five public health and psychology databases were searched. A total of 52 studies met inclusion criteria. In all, 14 studies found positive changes in health-promoting behaviours after exposure to a narrative intervention. The results for the changes in theoretical determinants were mixed. While narrative appears to be a promising intervention strategy, more research is needed to determine how and when to use these interventions.
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de Bruijn GJ, Visscher I, Mollen S. Effects of Previous Fruit Intake, Descriptive Majority Norms, and Message Framing on Fruit Intake Intentions and Behaviors in Dutch Adults Across a 1-Week Period. JOURNAL OF NUTRITION EDUCATION AND BEHAVIOR 2015; 47:234-241. [PMID: 25959446 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneb.2015.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2014] [Revised: 01/29/2015] [Accepted: 02/01/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To test the effects of descriptive norm and message framing on fruit intake (intentions) in Dutch adults. DESIGN Randomized pretest-posttest study using a 2 × 2 design. SETTING Internet-based. PARTICIPANTS Dutch adults recruited via leaflets and announcements on intranet and Internet and who provided immediate intention (n = 294) and 1-week follow-up intention and fruit intake data (n = 177). INTERVENTION Messages combining information on intake of others (low vs high intake) with information about positive or negative outcomes of (in)sufficient fruit intake. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Fruit intake intentions and fruit intake. ANALYSIS Analyses of covariance. RESULTS Those already consuming sufficient fruit and receiving negative information about insufficient fruit intake increased their motivation to consume sufficient fruit immediately (P = .03), but not at 1-week follow-up. Those who read positive information about sufficient fruit intake reported higher fruit consumption than those who read negative information about insufficient fruit intake (P = .03). This was stronger in those already consuming sufficient fruit. There were no effects of descriptive norm information (P > .19). CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Information about outcomes was more persuasive than descriptive majority norm information. Effects were generally stronger in those already consuming sufficient fruit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gert-Jan de Bruijn
- Faculty of Social and Behavioural Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Ilse Visscher
- Faculty of Social and Behavioural Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Saar Mollen
- Faculty of Social and Behavioural Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Wirtz JG, Sar S, Ghuge S. The Moderating Role of Mood and Personal Relevance on Persuasive Effects of Gain- and Loss-Framed Health Messages. Health Mark Q 2015; 32:180-196. [PMID: 26075545 DOI: 10.1080/07359683.2015.1033936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We predicted that mood would moderate the relation between message framing and two outcome variables, message evaluation and behavioral intention, when the message was personally relevant to the target audience. Participants (N = 242) were randomly assigned to an experimental condition in which a positive or negative mood was induced. Participants then read and evaluated a health message that emphasized potential benefits or risks associated with a vaccine. As predicted, participants who received a loss-framed message reported higher message evaluation and intention scores but only when the message was personally relevant and they were in a positive mood.
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Affiliation(s)
- John G Wirtz
- a Charles H. Sandage Department of Advertising , University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana , Illinois
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