1
|
In Vivo Microdialysis of Endogenous and 13C-labeled TCA Metabolites in Rat Brain: Reversible and Persistent Effects of Mitochondrial Inhibition and Transient Cerebral Ischemia. Metabolites 2019; 9:metabo9100204. [PMID: 31569792 PMCID: PMC6835622 DOI: 10.3390/metabo9100204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebral micro-dialysis allows continuous sampling of extracellular metabolites, including glucose, lactate and pyruvate. Transient ischemic events cause a rapid drop in glucose and a rise in lactate levels. Following such events, the lactate/pyruvate (L/P) ratio may remain elevated for a prolonged period of time. In neurointensive care clinics, this ratio is considered a metabolic marker of ischemia and/or mitochondrial dysfunction. Here we propose a novel, sensitive microdialysis liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) approach to monitor mitochondrial dysfunction in living brain using perfusion with 13C-labeled succinate and analysis of 13C-labeled tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA) intermediates. This approach was evaluated in rat brain using malonate-perfusion (10-50 mM) and endothelin-1 (ET-1)-induced transient cerebral ischemia. In the malonate model, the expected changes upon inhibition of succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) were observed, i.e., an increase in endogenous succinate and decreases in fumaric acid and malic acid. The inhibition was further elaborated by incorporation of 13C into specific TCA intermediates from 13C-labeled succinate. In the ET-1 model, increases in non-labeled TCA metabolites (reflecting release of intracellular compounds) and decreases in 13C-labeled TCA metabolites (reflecting inhibition of de novo synthesis) were observed. The analysis of 13C incorporation provides further layers of information to identify metabolic disturbances in experimental models and neuro-intensive care patients.
Collapse
|
2
|
Yu L, Yang Z, An M. Lab on the eye: A review of tear-based wearable devices for medical use and health management. Biosci Trends 2019; 13:308-313. [DOI: 10.5582/bst.2019.01178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lan Yu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital
| | - Zhen Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Second People's Hospital of Jinan City
| | - Ming An
- Department of Ophthalmology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
van den Brink FTG, Phisonkunkasem T, Asthana A, Bomer JG, van den Maagdenberg AMJM, Tolner EA, Odijk M. A miniaturized push-pull-perfusion probe for few-second sampling of neurotransmitters in the mouse brain. LAB ON A CHIP 2019; 19:1332-1343. [PMID: 30869670 DOI: 10.1039/c8lc01137k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Measuring biomolecule concentrations in the brain of living animals, in real time, is a challenging task, especially when detailed information at high temporal resolution is also required. Traditionally, microdialysis probes are used that generally have sampling areas in the order of about 1 mm2, and provide information on concentrations with a temporal resolution of at least several minutes. In this paper, we present a novel miniaturized push-pull perfusion sampling probe that uses an array of small 3 μm-wide sampling channels to sample neurotransmitters at a typical recovery rate of 61%, with a reduced risk of clogging. The added feature to segment the dialysate inside the probe into small water-in-decane droplets enables the detection of concentrations with a temporal resolution of a few seconds. Here we used the probe for in vivo recordings of neurotransmitter glutamate released upon electrical stimulation in the brain of a mouse to demonstrate the feasibility of the probe for real-time neurochemical brain analysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Floris T G van den Brink
- BIOS - Microdevices for Chemical Analysis group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, Techmed Centre, University of Twente, Hallenweg 15, 7522 NH Enschede, The Netherlands.
| | - Thas Phisonkunkasem
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Einthovenweg 20, 2333 ZC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Ashish Asthana
- BIOS - Microdevices for Chemical Analysis group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, Techmed Centre, University of Twente, Hallenweg 15, 7522 NH Enschede, The Netherlands.
| | - Johan G Bomer
- BIOS - Microdevices for Chemical Analysis group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, Techmed Centre, University of Twente, Hallenweg 15, 7522 NH Enschede, The Netherlands.
| | - Arn M J M van den Maagdenberg
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Einthovenweg 20, 2333 ZC Leiden, The Netherlands and Department of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Center, Einthovenweg 20, 2333 ZC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Else A Tolner
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Einthovenweg 20, 2333 ZC Leiden, The Netherlands and Department of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Center, Einthovenweg 20, 2333 ZC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Mathieu Odijk
- BIOS - Microdevices for Chemical Analysis group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, Techmed Centre, University of Twente, Hallenweg 15, 7522 NH Enschede, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Cyclosporin A ameliorates cerebral oxidative metabolism and infarct size in the endothelin-1 rat model of transient cerebral ischaemia. Sci Rep 2019; 9:3702. [PMID: 30842488 PMCID: PMC6403404 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-40245-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Cerebral microdialysis can be used to detect mitochondrial dysfunction, a potential target of neuroprotective treatment. Cyclosporin A (CsA) is a mitochondrial stabiliser that in a recent clinical stroke trial showed protective potential in patients with successful recanalisation. To investigate specific metabolic effects of CsA during reperfusion, and hypothesising that microdialysis values can be used as a proxy outcome measure, we assessed the temporal patterns of cerebral energy substrates related to oxidative metabolism in a model of transient focal ischaemia. Transient ischaemia was induced by intracerebral microinjection of endothelin-1 (150 pmol/15 µL) through stereotaxically implanted guide cannulas in awake, freely moving rats. This was immediately followed by an intravenous injection of CsA (NeuroSTAT; 15 mg/kg) or placebo solution during continuous microdialysis monitoring. After reperfusion, the lactate/pyruvate ratio (LPR) was significantly lower in the CsA group vs placebo (n = 17, 60.6 ± 24.3%, p = 0.013). Total and striatal infarct volumes (mm3) were reduced in the treatment group (n = 31, 61.8 ± 6.0 vs 80.6 ± 6.7, p = 0.047 and 29.9 ± 3.5 vs 41.5 ± 3.9, p = 0.033). CsA treatment thus ameliorated cerebral reperfusion metabolism and infarct size. Cerebral microdialysis may be useful in evaluating putative neuroprotectants in ischaemic stroke.
Collapse
|
5
|
Shoji A, Takahashi Y, Osato S, Sugawara M. An enzyme-modified capillary as a platform for simultaneous fluorometric detection of d-glucose and l- lactate. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2019; 163:1-8. [PMID: 30268727 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2018.09.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Revised: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The preparation of a glass capillary pattered with lipid layers on which lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and glucose dehydrogenase (GDH) were regionally adsorbed and its application for simultaneous detection of d-glucose and l-lactate in human serum is described. A lipid layer was formed on the surface of BSA-unabsorbed octadecyltrichlorosilane (OTS) inner wall of a glass capillary. The electrostatic charge of the lipid layer was a key factor for adsorbing the enzymes on the lipid layer. The fluorescence intensities were observed at each enzyme site in the presence of diaphorase (DIA), β-nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide oxidized (NAD), resazurin, d-glucose and l-lactate. The fluorescence intensities at each enzyme site increased with an increase in the concentration of d-glucose and l-lactate=with the detection limits of 32 μM and 4.9 μM, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Shoji
- Department of Chemistry, College of Humanities and Sciences, Nihon University, Sakurajousui, Setagaya, Tokyo, 156-8550, Japan; School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Science, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0392, Japan.
| | - Yusuke Takahashi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Humanities and Sciences, Nihon University, Sakurajousui, Setagaya, Tokyo, 156-8550, Japan
| | - Saki Osato
- Department of Chemistry, College of Humanities and Sciences, Nihon University, Sakurajousui, Setagaya, Tokyo, 156-8550, Japan
| | - Masao Sugawara
- Department of Chemistry, College of Humanities and Sciences, Nihon University, Sakurajousui, Setagaya, Tokyo, 156-8550, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Balança B, Meiller A, Bezin L, Dreier JP, Marinesco S, Lieutaud T. Altered hypermetabolic response to cortical spreading depolarizations after traumatic brain injury in rats. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2017; 37:1670-1686. [PMID: 27356551 PMCID: PMC5435292 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x16657571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Revised: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 05/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Spreading depolarizations are waves of near-complete breakdown of neuronal transmembrane ion gradients, free energy starving, and mass depolarization. Spreading depolarizations in electrically inactive tissue are associated with poor outcome in patients with traumatic brain injury. Here, we studied changes in regional cerebral blood flow and brain oxygen (PbtO2), glucose ([Glc]b), and lactate ([Lac]b) concentrations in rats, using minimally invasive real-time sensors. Rats underwent either spreading depolarizations chemically triggered by KCl in naïve cortex in absence of traumatic brain injury or spontaneous spreading depolarizations in the traumatic penumbra after traumatic brain injury, or a cluster of spreading depolarizations triggered chemically by KCl in a remote window from which spreading depolarizations invaded penumbral tissue. Spreading depolarizations in noninjured cortex induced a hypermetabolic response characterized by a decline in [Glc]b and monophasic increases in regional cerebral blood flow, PbtO2, and [Lac]b, indicating transient hyperglycolysis. Following traumatic brain injury, spontaneous spreading depolarizations occurred, causing further decline in [Glc]b and reducing the increase in regional cerebral blood flow and biphasic responses of PbtO2 and [Lac]b, followed by prolonged decline. Recovery of PbtO2 and [Lac]b was significantly delayed in traumatized animals. Prespreading depolarization [Glc]b levels determined the metabolic response to clusters. The results suggest a compromised hypermetabolic response to spreading depolarizations and slower return to physiological conditions following traumatic brain injury-induced spreading depolarizations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Baptiste Balança
- Inserm U1028, CNRS UMR 5292, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Team TIGER, Lyon, France
- Centre hospitalier universitaire de Lyon, France
| | - Anne Meiller
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon I, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, AniRA-Neurochem Technological platform, Lyon, France
| | - Laurent Bezin
- Inserm U1028, CNRS UMR 5292, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Team TIGER, Lyon, France
| | - Jens P. Dreier
- Center for Stroke Research Berlin, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Neurology and Department of Experimental Neurology, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stéphane Marinesco
- Inserm U1028, CNRS UMR 5292, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Team TIGER, Lyon, France
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon I, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, AniRA-Neurochem Technological platform, Lyon, France
| | - Thomas Lieutaud
- Inserm U1028, CNRS UMR 5292, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Team TIGER, Lyon, France
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Vargas E, Ruiz M, Campuzano S, Reviejo A, Pingarrón J. Non-invasive determination of glucose directly in raw fruits using a continuous flow system based on microdialysis sampling and amperometric detection at an integrated enzymatic biosensor. Anal Chim Acta 2016; 914:53-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2016.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2015] [Revised: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
8
|
Cordeiro C, de Vries M, Ngabi W, Oomen P, Cremers T, Westerink B. In vivo continuous and simultaneous monitoring of brain energy substrates with a multiplex amperometric enzyme-based biosensor device. Biosens Bioelectron 2015; 67:677-86. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2014.09.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2014] [Revised: 08/27/2014] [Accepted: 09/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
|
9
|
Sardesai NP, Ganesana M, Karimi A, Leiter JC, Andreescu S. Platinum-Doped Ceria Based Biosensor for in Vitro and in Vivo Monitoring of Lactate during Hypoxia. Anal Chem 2015; 87:2996-3003. [DOI: 10.1021/ac5047455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Naimish P. Sardesai
- Department
of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Clarkson University, Potsdam, New York 13699-5810, United States, and
| | - Mallikarjunarao Ganesana
- Department
of Physiology and Neurobiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire 03756, United States
| | - Anahita Karimi
- Department
of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Clarkson University, Potsdam, New York 13699-5810, United States, and
| | - James C. Leiter
- Department
of Physiology and Neurobiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire 03756, United States
| | - Silvana Andreescu
- Department
of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Clarkson University, Potsdam, New York 13699-5810, United States, and
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Wang LL, Qiao J, Liu HH, Hao J, Qi L, Zhou XP, Li D, Nie ZX, Mao LQ. Ratiometric fluorescent probe based on gold nanoclusters and alizarin red-boronic acid for monitoring glucose in brain microdialysate. Anal Chem 2014; 86:9758-64. [PMID: 25157796 DOI: 10.1021/ac5023293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Glucose monitoring with high sensitivity and accuracy in the cerebrospinal fluid is a challenge for evaluating the role of glucose in the physiological and pathological processes. In this work, a ratiometric fluorescent probe for sensing glucose was developed. In the probe, the gold nanoclusters protected by ovalbumin played the role as the reference of fluorophore and the Alizarin Red S-3-aminophenyl boronic acid immobilized on the poly(N-acryloxysuccinimide) acted as both the response signal and specific recognition unit for sensing glucose. Once the ratiometric fluorescent probe reacted with glucose in the biological system, its fluorescence intensity at 567 nm was quenched, while the fluorescence intensity at 610 nm was essentially unchanged. In addition, the prepared ratiometric fluorescent probe showed higher stability against environmental effects. As a result, the present ratiometric fluorescent probe was successfully used for monitoring of glucose in the rat brain following the cerebral calm/ischemia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lu-Liang Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , No. 2 Zhongguancun Beiyijie, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Online electrochemical method for continuous and simultaneous monitoring of glucose and l-lactate in vivo with graphene hybrids as the electrocatalyst. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2014.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
12
|
Lu X, Cheng H, Huang P, Yang L, Yu P, Mao L. Hybridization of bioelectrochemically functional infinite coordination polymer nanoparticles with carbon nanotubes for highly sensitive and selective in vivo electrochemical monitoring. Anal Chem 2013; 85:4007-13. [PMID: 23496088 DOI: 10.1021/ac303743a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
This study demonstrates the formation of a three-dimensional conducting framework through hybridization of bioelectrochemically active infinite coordination polymer (ICP) nanoparticles with single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) for highly sensitive and selective in vivo electrochemical monitoring with combination with in vivo microdialysis. The bioelectrochemically active ICP nanoparticles are synthesized through the self-assembly process of NAD(+) and Tb(3+), in which all biosensing elements including an electrocatalyst (i.e., methylene green, MG), cofactor (i.e., β-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, NAD(+)), and enzyme (i.e., glucose dehydrogenase, GDH) are adaptively encapsulated. The ICP/SWNT-based biosensors are simply prepared by drop-coating the as-formed ICP/SWNT nanocomposite onto a glassy carbon substrate. Electrochemical studies demonstrate that the simply prepared ICP/SWNT-based biosensors exhibit excellent biosensing properties with a higher sensitivity and stability than the ICP-based biosensors prepared only with ICP nanoparticles (i.e., without hybridization of SWNTs). By using a GDH-based electrochemical biosensor as an example, we demonstrate a technically simple yet effective online electroanalytical platform for continuously monitoring glucose in the brain of guinea pigs with the ICP/SWNT-based biosensor as an online detector in a continuous-flow system combined with in vivo microdialysis. Under the experimental conditions employed here, the dynamic linear range for glucose with the ICP/SWNT-biosensor is from 50 to 1000 μM. Moreover, in vivo selectivity investigations with the biosensors prepared by the GDH-free ICPs reveal that ICP/SWNT-based biosensors are very selective for the measurement of glucose in the cerebral system. The basal level of glucose in the microdialysates from the striatum of guinea pigs is determined to be 0.31 ± 0.03 mM (n = 3). The study offers a simple route to the preparation of electrochemical biosensors, which is envisaged to be particularly useful for probing the chemical events involved in some physiological and pathological processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xulin Lu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Cheng C, Chang KC, Pijanowska DG. On-line flow injection analysis using gold particle modified carbon electrode amperometric detection for real-time determination of glucose in immobilized enzyme hydrolysate of waste bamboo chopsticks. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2011.11.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
|
14
|
Autonomic Nervous System In Vitro: Studying Tonically Active Neurons Controlling Vagal Outflow in Rodent Brainstem Slices. ISOLATED CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM CIRCUITS 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-62703-020-5_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
|
15
|
Lin Y, Zhu N, Yu P, Su L, Mao L. Physiologically relevant online electrochemical method for continuous and simultaneous monitoring of striatum glucose and lactate following global cerebral ischemia/reperfusion. Anal Chem 2010; 81:2067-74. [PMID: 19281258 DOI: 10.1021/ac801946s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This study demonstrates a new electroanalytical method with a high physiological relevance for simultaneous online monitoring of glucose and lactate in the striatum of the rat brain following global cerebral ischemia/reperfusion. The online analytical method is based on the efficient integration of in vivo microdialysis sampling with an online selective electrochemical detection with the electrochemical biosensors with dehydrogenases, i.e., glucose and lactate dehydrogenases, as recognition elements. The dehydrogenase-based electrochemical biosensors are developed onto the dual split-disk plastic carbon film (SPCF) electrodes with methylene green (MG) adsorbed onto single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) as the electrocatalyst for the oxidation of dihydronicotiamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) at a low potential of 0.0 V (vs Ag/AgCl). Artificial cerebrospinal fluid (aCSF) containing NAD(+) is externally perfused from a second pump and online mixed with the brain microdialysates to minimize the variation of pH that occurred following the cerebral ischemia/reperfusion and to supply NAD(+) cofactor and O(2) for the enzymatic reactions of dehydrogenases and ascorbate oxidase, respectively. As a result, the developed online electroanalytical method exhibits a high selectivity against the electrochemically active species endogenously existing in the cerebral systems and a high tolerance against the variation of pH and O(2) following cerebral ischemia/reperfusion. This property, along with the good linearity and a high stability toward glucose and lactate as well as little cross-talk between two biosensors, substantially makes this method possible for the continuous, simultaneous, and online monitoring of glucose and lactate in the rat brain following global cerebral ischemia/reperfusion. This study establishes a new and effective platform for the investigation of the energy metabolism in physiological and pathological processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Lin
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Nandi P, Lunte SM. Recent trends in microdialysis sampling integrated with conventional and microanalytical systems for monitoring biological events: a review. Anal Chim Acta 2009; 651:1-14. [PMID: 19733728 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2009.07.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2009] [Revised: 07/24/2009] [Accepted: 07/24/2009] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Microdialysis (MD) is a sampling technique that can be employed to monitor biological events both in vivo and in vitro. When it is coupled to an analytical system, microdialysis can provide near real-time information on the time-dependent concentration changes of analytes in the extracellular space or other aqueous environments. Online systems for the analysis of microdialysis samples enable fast, selective and sensitive analysis while preserving the temporal information. Analytical methods employed for online analysis include liquid chromatography (LC), capillary (CE) and microchip electrophoresis and flow-through biosensor devices. This review article provides an overview of microdialysis sampling and online analysis systems with emphasis on in vivo analysis. Factors that affect the frequency of analysis and, hence, the temporal resolution of these systems are also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pradyot Nandi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66047, United States
| | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Moyanova S, Kortenska L, Mitreva R. ENDOTHELIN-1-INDUCED CEREBRAL ISCHEMIA: EFFECTS OF KETANSERIN AND MK-801 ON LIMB PLACING IN RATS. Int J Neurosci 2009; 117:1361-81. [PMID: 17654097 DOI: 10.1080/00207450600938847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The long-term effects of the 5-HT(2A) receptor antagonist ketanserin on deficits in sensorimotor integration (limb placing tests) following transient focal cerebral ischemia in rats were compared to the effects of the NMDA antagonist MK-801. Middle cerebral artery occlusion was induced in conscious rats by microinjection of endothelin-1 in the vicinity of the artery (EMCAO model). The EMCAO/vehicle rats exhibited impaired tactile and proprioceptive limb placing. In contrast to ketanserin, MK-801 exerted severe early behavioral disturbances, but both drugs significantly improved the neurological scores much earlier than the spontaneous recovery of function occurred. The present results suggest that pharmacotherapy by means of ketanserin lacking the severe side effects of the NMDA antagonists can be used to enhance functional recovery after stroke.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Moyanova
- Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Department of Neurobiology of Adaptation, Institute of Neurobiology, Sofia, Bulgaria.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Ketanserin reduces the postischemic EEG and behavioural changes following Endothelin-1-induced occlusion of the middle cerebral artery in conscious rats. Open Med (Wars) 2008. [DOI: 10.2478/s11536-008-0058-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractWe modeled the common clinical conditions of human stroke in fully conscious rats through an occlusion of the middle cerebral artery (MCAO) by means of unilateral microinjection of Endothelin-1 (ET1) in the vicinity of the artery (EMCAO model). Since the role of serotonin (5-HT) system in the regulation of the cerebral blood flow has been known for long time and no data are available at present for the effects of 5-HT antagonists in focal ischemia models, we further tested whether a blockade of the serotonin-2A (5-HT2A) receptors by ketanserin (20 min post-ET1) would diminish the late EMCAO-induced functional and morphological changes. The long-term neurological (postural reflex) and electroencephalogram (EEG) changes in the somatosensory cortical region (S1FL) were used to assess the effects of ketanserin on the post-ischemic changes. The study was supplemented by a histopathological examination of S1FL area and striatum of both hemispheres. The EMCAO/ ketanserin-treated rats showed much smaller neurological deficits than the EMCAO rats treated with vehicle. This effect was observed on day 3 and lasted until the end of experiments-14 days after EMCAO. The depression of alpha and beta EEG frequencies found after EMCAO was significantly and earlier restored following ketanserin. Notably, there was not augmentation of the pathological slow EEG waves at day 3 post-ET1 in the EMCAO ketanserin-treated rats compared with that observed in the EMCAO vehicle-treated rats. Although there were mild morphological changes in the penumbral S1FL cortical region after EMCAO, ketanserin reduced the histopathological difference between the ipsilateral and contralateral cortical S1FL regions, but did not change the difference between striatum of both sides. Ketanserin reduced the infarct size in ipsilateral hemisphere (mainly cortex). In conclusion, the results showed that treatment with ketanserin at the early stage of stroke may reduce the consequences of ischemia by improvement of functional and morphological recovery at later stages. Ketanserin appears to be a promising candidate for mitigating the consequences of stroke.
Collapse
|
19
|
Lin Y, Liu K, Yu P, Xiang L, Li X, Mao L. A Facile Electrochemical Method for Simultaneous and On-Line Measurements of Glucose and Lactate in Brain Microdialysate with Prussian Blue as the Electrocatalyst for Reduction of Hydrogen Peroxide. Anal Chem 2007; 79:9577-83. [DOI: 10.1021/ac070966u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Lin
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100080, China, and Graduate School of the CAS, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Kun Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100080, China, and Graduate School of the CAS, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Ping Yu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100080, China, and Graduate School of the CAS, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Ling Xiang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100080, China, and Graduate School of the CAS, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Xianchan Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100080, China, and Graduate School of the CAS, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Lanqun Mao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100080, China, and Graduate School of the CAS, Beijing 100039, China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Gramsbergen JB, Cumming P. Serotonin mediates rapid changes of striatal glucose and lactate metabolism after systemic 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, “Ecstasy”) administration in awake rats. Neurochem Int 2007; 51:8-15. [PMID: 17475367 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2007.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2006] [Revised: 03/07/2007] [Accepted: 03/09/2007] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The pathway for selective serotonergic toxicity of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, "Ecstasy") is poorly understood, but has been linked to hyperthermia and disturbed energy metabolism. We investigated the dose-dependency and time-course of MDMA-induced perturbations of cerebral glucose metabolism in freely moving rats using rapid sampling microdialysis (every minute) coupled to flow-injection analysis (FIA) with biosensors for glucose and lactate. Blood samples for analysis of glucose and lactate were taken at 30-45 min intervals before and after drug dosing and body temperature was monitored by telemetry. A single dose of MDMA (2-10-20 mg/kg i.v.) evoked a transient increase of interstitial glucose concentrations in striatum (139-223%) with rapid onset and of less than 2h duration, a concomitant but more prolonged lactate increase (>187%) at the highest MDMA dose and no significant depletions of striatal serotonin. Blood glucose and lactate levels were also transiently elevated (163 and 135%) at the highest MDMA doses. The blood glucose rises were significantly related to brain glucose and brain lactate changes. The metabolic perturbations in striatum and the hyperthermic response (+1.1 degrees C) following systemic MDMA treatment were entirely blocked in p-chlorophenylalanine pre-treated rats, indicating that these effects are mediated by endogenous serotonin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Bert Gramsbergen
- Anatomy & Neurobiology, Institute of Medical Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Winsløwparken 21, DK-5000 Odense C, Denmark.
| | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Shih AY, Li P, Murphy TH. A small-molecule-inducible Nrf2-mediated antioxidant response provides effective prophylaxis against cerebral ischemia in vivo. J Neurosci 2006; 25:10321-35. [PMID: 16267240 PMCID: PMC6725780 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.4014-05.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 341] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) coordinates expression of genes required for free radical scavenging, detoxification of xenobiotics, and maintenance of redox potential. Previously, activation of this pleiotropic response was neuroprotective in cell culture models that simulate components of stroke damage. However, the role of Nrf2 in limiting stroke damage in vivo remained unclear. We report that Nrf2 activation protects the brain from cerebral ischemia in vivo. Acute (1-3 d) intracerebroventricular or intraperitoneal pretreatment with tert-butylhydroquinone (tBHQ), an Nrf2 activity inducer, reduced cortical damage and sensorimotor deficit at 24 h and even 1 month after ischemia-reperfusion in rats. Cortical glutathione levels robustly increased with tBHQ administration to rats and Nrf2-expressing mice, but not Nrf2(-/-) mice. Basal and inducible activities of antioxidant/detoxification enzymes in Nrf2(-/-) mice were reduced when compared with Nrf2(+/+) controls. Interestingly, larger infarcts were observed in Nrf2(-/-) mice at 7 d after stroke, but not at 24 h, suggesting that Nrf2 may play a role in shaping the penumbra well after the onset of ischemia. Neuronal death caused by a "penumbral" model of stroke, using intracortical endothelin-1 microinjection, was attenuated by tBHQ administration to Nrf2(+/+), but not to Nrf2(-/-) mice, confirming the Nrf2-specific action of tBHQ in vivo. We conclude that Nrf2 plays a role in modulating ischemic injury in vivo. Accordingly, Nrf2 activation by small molecule inducers may be a practical preventative treatment for stroke-prone patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andy Y Shih
- Department of Psychiatry, Kinsmen Laboratory of Neurological Research and Brain Research Center, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | | | | |
Collapse
|