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Zheng Y, Zhou J, Wang Y, Fan F, Liu S, Wang Y. Neural Stem/Progenitor Cell Transplantation in Parkinson's Rodent Animals: A Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review. Stem Cells Transl Med 2022; 11:383-393. [PMID: 35325234 PMCID: PMC9052406 DOI: 10.1093/stcltm/szac006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of neural stem/progenitor cells (NSPCs) have been extensively evaluated by multiple studies in animal models of Parkinson's disease (PD), but the therapeutic efficacy was inconsistent. Here, we searched 4 databases (PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science) and performed a meta-analysis to estimate the therapeutic effects of unmodified NSPCs on neurological deficits in rodent animal models of PD. Data on study quality score, behavioral outcomes (apomorphine or amphetamine-induced rotation and limb function), histological outcome (densitometry of TH+ staining in the SNpc), and cell therapy-related severe adverse events were extracted for meta-analysis and systematic review. Twenty-one studies with a median quality score of 6 (range from 4 to 9) in 11 were examined. Significant improvement was observed in the overall pooled standardized mean difference (SMD) between animals transplanted with NSPCs and with control medium (1.22 for apomorphine-induced rotation, P < .001; 1.50 for amphetamine-induced rotation, P < .001; 0.86 for limb function, P < .001; and -1.96 for the densitometry of TH+ staining, P < .001). Further subgroup analysis, animal gender, NSPCs source, NSPCs dosage, and pretreatment behavioral assessment were closely correlated with apomorphine-induced rotation and amphetamine-induced rotation. In conclusion, unmodified NSPCs therapy attenuated behavioral deficits and increased dopaminergic neurons in rodent PD models, supporting the consideration of early-stage clinical trial of NSPCs in patients with PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifeng Zheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jun Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yisai Wang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rutgers University-New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Fanfan Fan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shengwen Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
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Lin MS, Chen SM, Hua KF, Chen WJ, Hsieh CC, Lin CC. Freshwater Clam Extract Mitigates Neuroinflammation and Amplifies Neurotrophic Activity of Glia: Insights from In Vitro Model of Neurodegenerative Pathomechanism. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11030553. [PMID: 35160004 PMCID: PMC8836940 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11030553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Revised: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. An extensive body of research suggests that brain inflammation and oxidative stress are the underlying causes of Parkinson’s disease (PD), for which no potent therapeutic approach exists to mitigate the degradation of dopamine neurons. Freshwater clams, an ancient health food of Chinese origin, have been documented to exhibit anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. We previously reported that freshwater clam extract (FCE) can attenuate astrocytic activation and subsequent proinflammatory cytokine production from substantia nigra in an MPTP-induced PD mouse model. This article provides insight into the potential mechanisms through which FCE regulates neuroinflammation in a glia model of injury. Materials and methods. In total, 1 μg/mL lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and 200 μM rotenone were conducted in primary glial cell cultures to mimic the respective neuroinflammation and oxidative stress during injury-induced glial cell reactivation, which is relevant to the pathological process of PD. Results. FCE markedly reduced LPS-induced neuroinflammation by suppressing NO and TNF-α production and the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines. In addition, FCE was effective at reducing rotenone-induced toxicity by diminishing ROS production, promoting antioxidant enzymes (SOD, catalase, and GPx) and minimizing the decline in glial-cell-secreted neurotrophic factors (GDNF, BDNF). These impacts ultimately led to a decrease in glial apoptosis. Conclusions. Evidence reveals that FCE is capable of stabilizing reactive glia, as demonstrated by reduced neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, the increased release of neurotrophic factors and the inhibition of apoptosis, which provides therapeutic insight into neurodegenerative diseases, including PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muh-Shi Lin
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Kuang Tien General Hospital, Taichung 43303, Taiwan;
- Department of Biotechnology and Animal Science, College of Bioresources, National Ilan University, Yilan 26047, Taiwan; (K.-F.H.); (W.-J.C.); (C.-C.H.)
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Medical and Health Care, Hung Kuang University, Taichung 43302, Taiwan
- Department of Health Business Administration, College of Medical and Health Care, Hung Kuang University, Taichung 43302, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Mei Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan;
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Feng Hua
- Department of Biotechnology and Animal Science, College of Bioresources, National Ilan University, Yilan 26047, Taiwan; (K.-F.H.); (W.-J.C.); (C.-C.H.)
| | - Wei-Jung Chen
- Department of Biotechnology and Animal Science, College of Bioresources, National Ilan University, Yilan 26047, Taiwan; (K.-F.H.); (W.-J.C.); (C.-C.H.)
| | - Cho-Chen Hsieh
- Department of Biotechnology and Animal Science, College of Bioresources, National Ilan University, Yilan 26047, Taiwan; (K.-F.H.); (W.-J.C.); (C.-C.H.)
| | - Chai-Ching Lin
- Department of Biotechnology and Animal Science, College of Bioresources, National Ilan University, Yilan 26047, Taiwan; (K.-F.H.); (W.-J.C.); (C.-C.H.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-3-9310592; Fax: +886-3-9280609
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Sabino-Carvalho JL, Falquetto B, Takakura AC, Vianna LC. Baroreflex dysfunction in Parkinson's disease: integration of central and peripheral mechanisms. J Neurophysiol 2021; 125:1425-1439. [PMID: 33625931 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00548.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The incidence of Parkinson's disease (PD) is increasing worldwide. Although the PD hallmark is the motor impairments, nonmotor dysfunctions are now becoming more recognized. Recently, studies have suggested that baroreflex dysfunction is one of the underlying mechanisms of cardiovascular dysregulation observed in patients with PD. However, the large body of literature on baroreflex function in PD is unclear. The baroreflex system plays a major role in the autonomic, and ultimately blood pressure and heart rate, adjustments that accompany acute cardiovascular stressors on a daily basis. Therefore, impaired baroreflex function (i.e., decreased sensitivity or gain) can lead to altered neural cardiovascular responses. Since PD affects parasympathetic and sympathetic branches of the autonomic nervous system and both are orchestrated by the baroreflex system, understanding of this crucial mechanism in PD is necessary. In the present review, we summarize the potential altered central and peripheral mechanisms affecting the feedback-controlled loops that comprise the reflex arc in patients with PD. Major factors including arterial stiffness, reduced number of C1 and activation of non-C1 neurons, presence of central α-synuclein aggregation, cardiac sympathetic denervation, attenuated muscle sympathetic nerve activity, and lower norepinephrine release could compromise baroreflex function in PD. Results from patients with PD and from animal models of PD provide the reader with a clearer picture of baroreflex function in this clinical condition. By doing so, our intent is to stimulate future studies to evaluate several unanswered questions in this research area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeann L Sabino-Carvalho
- NeuroV̇ASQ̇-Integrative Physiology Laboratory, Faculty of Physical Education, University of Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Barbara Falquetto
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana C Takakura
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lauro C Vianna
- NeuroV̇ASQ̇-Integrative Physiology Laboratory, Faculty of Physical Education, University of Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil.,Graduate Program in Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
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4
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Park HW, Park CG, Park M, Lee SH, Park HR, Lim J, Paek SH, Choy YB. Intrastriatal administration of coenzyme Q10 enhances neuroprotection in a Parkinson's disease rat model. Sci Rep 2020; 10:9572. [PMID: 32533070 PMCID: PMC7293316 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-66493-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder, and no treatment has been yet established to prevent disease progression. Coenzyme Q10, an antioxidant, has been considered a promising neuroprotective agent; however, conventional oral administration provides limited efficacy due to its very low bioavailability. In this study, we hypothesised that continuous, intrastriatal administration of a low dose of Coenzyme Q10 could effectively prevent dopaminergic neuron degeneration. To this end, a Parkinson's disease rat model induced by 6-hydroxydopamine was established, and the treatment was applied a week before the full establishment of this disease model. Behavioural tests showed a dramatically decreased number of asymmetric rotations in the intrastriatal Coenzyme Q10 group compared with the no treatment group. Rats with intrastriatal Coenzyme Q10 exposure also exhibited a larger number of dopaminergic neurons, higher expression of neurogenetic and angiogenetic factors, and less inflammation, and the effects were more prominent than those of orally administered Coenzyme Q10, although the dose of intrastriatal Coenzyme Q10 was 17,000-times lower than that of orally-administered Coenzyme Q10. Therefore, continuous, intrastriatal delivery of Coenzyme Q10, especially when combined with implantable devices for convection-enhanced delivery or deep brain stimulation, can be an effective strategy to prevent neurodegeneration in Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyung Woo Park
- Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
- Ischemic/Hypoxic Disease Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Chun Gwon Park
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, SKKU Institute for Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
- Biomedical Institute for Convergence at SKKU (BICS), Sungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Park
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Ho Lee
- Institute of Medical & Biological Engineering, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Ran Park
- Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
- Ischemic/Hypoxic Disease Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaesung Lim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, SKKU Institute for Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Ha Paek
- Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.
- Ischemic/Hypoxic Disease Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.
| | - Young Bin Choy
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
- Institute of Medical & Biological Engineering, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.
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Olaya MDP, Vergel NE, López JL, Viña D, Guerrero MF. 8-Propyl-6H-[1,3]dioxolo[4,5-g]chromen-6-one: A new coumarin with monoamine oxidase B inhibitory activity and possible anti-parkinsonian effects. BRAZ J PHARM SCI 2020. [DOI: 10.1590/s2175-97902019000317609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Chen C, Guderyon MJ, Li Y, Ge G, Bhattacharjee A, Ballard C, He Z, Masliah E, Clark RA, O'Connor JC, Li S. Non-toxic HSC Transplantation-Based Macrophage/Microglia-Mediated GDNF Delivery for Parkinson's Disease. MOLECULAR THERAPY-METHODS & CLINICAL DEVELOPMENT 2019; 17:83-98. [PMID: 31890743 PMCID: PMC6931095 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2019.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Glial cell-line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) is a potent neuroprotective agent in cellular and animal models of Parkinson’s disease (PD). However, CNS delivery of GDNF in clinical trials has proven challenging due to blood-brain barrier (BBB) impermeability, poor diffusion within brain tissue, and large brain size. We report that using non-toxic mobilization-enabled preconditioning, hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) transplantation-based macrophage-mediated gene delivery may provide a solution to overcome these obstacles. Syngeneic bone marrow HSCs were transduced ex vivo with a lentiviral vector expressing macrophage promoter-driven GDNF and transplanted into 14-week-old MitoPark mice exhibiting PD-like impairments. Transplant preconditioning with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) and AMD3100 was used to vacate bone marrow stem cell niches. Chimerism reached ∼80% after seven transplantation cycles. Transgene-expressing macrophages infiltrated degenerating CNS regions of MitoPark mice (not wild-type littermate controls), resulting in increased GDNF levels in the midbrain. Macrophage GDNF delivery not only markedly improved motor and non-motor dysfunction, but also dramatically mitigated the loss of dopaminergic neurons in both substantia nigra and the ventral tegmental area and preserved axonal terminals in the striatum. Striatal dopamine levels were almost completely restored. Our data support further development of mobilization-enabled HSC transplantation (HSCT)-based macrophage-mediated GDNF gene delivery as a disease-modifying therapy for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cang Chen
- Department of Medicine, The University of Texas Health San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Michael J Guderyon
- Department of Medicine, The University of Texas Health San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Guo Ge
- Department of Medicine, The University of Texas Health San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Anindita Bhattacharjee
- Department of Medicine, The University of Texas Health San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Cori Ballard
- Department of Medicine, The University of Texas Health San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Zhixu He
- Department of Pediatrics, Zunyi Medical University Affiliated Hospital and Key Laboratory of Adult Stem Cell Transformation Research, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China
| | | | - Robert A Clark
- Department of Medicine, The University of Texas Health San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA.,Audie L. Murphy VA Hospital, 7400 Merton Minter Boulevard, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Jason C O'Connor
- Department of Pharmacology, The University of Texas Health San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA.,Audie L. Murphy VA Hospital, 7400 Merton Minter Boulevard, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Senlin Li
- Department of Medicine, The University of Texas Health San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, The University of Texas Health San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA.,Audie L. Murphy VA Hospital, 7400 Merton Minter Boulevard, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
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7
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Chen ZZ, Niu YY. Stem cell therapy for Parkinson's disease using non-human primate models. Zool Res 2019; 40:349-357. [PMID: 31343853 PMCID: PMC6755115 DOI: 10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2019.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cell therapy (SCT) for Parkinson's disease (PD) has received considerable attention in recent years. Non-human primate (NHP) models of PD have played an instrumental role in the safety and efficacy of emerging PD therapies and facilitated the translation of initiatives for human patients. NHP models of PD include primates with 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced parkinsonism, who are responsive to dopamine replacement therapies, similar to human PD patients. Extensive research in SCT has been conducted to better treat the progressive dopaminergic neurodegeneration that underlies PD. For effective application of SCT in PD, however, a number of basic parameters still need to be tested and optimized in NHP models, including preparation and storage of cells for engraftment, methods of transplantation, choice of target sites, and timelines for recovery. In this review, we discuss the current status of NHP models of PD in stem cell research. We also analyze the advances and remaining challenges for successful clinical translation of SCT for this persistent disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Zhen Chen
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming Yunnan 650500, China
- Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming Yunnan 650500
| | - Yu-Yu Niu
- Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming Yunnan 650500, China; E-mail:
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Coumarin analogue 3-methyl-7H-furo[3,2-g] chromen-7-one as a possible antiparkinsonian agent. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 39:491-501. [PMID: 31584763 PMCID: PMC7357371 DOI: 10.7705/biomedica.4299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Parkinson’s disease is the second most common neurodegenerative disease. Monoamine oxidase B inhibitors are used in the treatment of this disease concomitantly with levodopa or as monotherapy. Several substituted coumarins have shown activity as inhibitors of monoamine oxidase B. Objective: To evaluate the possible antiparkinsonian effects of the coumarin analogue FCS005 (3-methyl-7H-furo[3,2-g]chromen-7-one) in mouse models, as well as its inhibitory activity towards monoamine oxidases (MAO) and its antioxidant activity. Materials and methods: FCS005 was synthesized and the reversal of hypokinesia was evaluated in the reserpine and levodopa models. Moreover, in the haloperidol model, its anticataleptic effects were evaluated. Additionally, the monoamine oxidase inhibitory activity and antioxidant activity of FCS005 were evaluated using in vitro and ex vivo studies, respectively. Results: FCS005 (100 mg/kg) caused the reversal of hypokinesia in the reserpine and levodopa models. This furocoumarin also presented anti-cataleptic effects at the same dose. Besides, it showed selective inhibitory activity towards the MAO-B isoform and antioxidant activity. Conclusion: These results attribute interesting properties to the compound FCS005. It is important to continue research on this molecule considering that it could be a potential antiparkinsonian agent.
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Caiola M, Pittard D, Wichmann T, Galvan A. Quantification of movement in normal and parkinsonian macaques using video analysis. J Neurosci Methods 2019; 322:96-102. [PMID: 31055027 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2019.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Quantification of spontaneous animal movement can be achieved using analysis of video recordings of the animals. Previous reports of video-based methods are based on outdated computer platforms or require the use of specialized equipment. NEW METHOD We developed a video analysis algorithm to quantify movement based on the commonly used MATLAB programming language. The algorithm is based on pixel differences between frames of video footage acquired with a standard video camera. RESULTS The new algorithm was validated, analyzing the amount of movements made by monkeys undergoing treatment with the dopaminergic neurotoxin 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) to induce parkinsonism. We compared the movement quantification generated by the new system of analysis with results obtained with a conventional infrared beam break counting system, a parkinsonism rating scale, and accelerometry-based motion quantification in three rhesus macaques. The information provided by our video analysis method was consistent with that obtained with the first two methods, and more detailed than the third. COMPARISON WITH EXISTING METHODS The new method can replace other methods to quantify movement. Although other video analysis methods have been described, some have since been deprecated, or involve the use of specialized hardware. The new method provides a straightforward and fast approach of analyzing the amount of movement in caged experimental animals, using conventional off-the-shelf equipment and moderate computing resources. CONCLUSIONS This video analysis method provides an affordable, open access platform to quantify animal movement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Caiola
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Atlanta, GA, 30329, United States; Udall Center of Excellence for Parkinson's Disease Research at Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30329, United States.
| | - Damien Pittard
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Atlanta, GA, 30329, United States; Udall Center of Excellence for Parkinson's Disease Research at Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30329, United States
| | - Thomas Wichmann
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Atlanta, GA, 30329, United States; Udall Center of Excellence for Parkinson's Disease Research at Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30329, United States; Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, United States
| | - Adriana Galvan
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Atlanta, GA, 30329, United States; Udall Center of Excellence for Parkinson's Disease Research at Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30329, United States; Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, United States
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10
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Ureshino RP, Costa AJ, Erustes AG, Pereira GJDS, Sinigaglia-Coimbra R, Smaili SS. Effects of Aging in the Striatum and Substantia Nigra of a Parkinson's Disease Animal Model. Toxicol Pathol 2019; 46:348-358. [PMID: 29683090 DOI: 10.1177/0192623318767065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Aging is a multifactorial process associated with functional deficits, and the brain is more prone to developing chronic degenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease. Several groups have tried to correlate the age-related ultrastructural alterations to the neurodegeneration process using in vivo pharmacological models, but due to the limitations of the animal models, particularly in aged animals, the results are difficult to interpret. In this work, we investigated neurodegeneration induced by rotenone, as a pharmacological model of Parkinson's disease, in both young and aged Wistar rats. We assessed animal mobility, tyrosine hydroxylase staining in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc), and TdT-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling-positive nuclei and reactive oxygen species production in the striatum. Interestingly, the mobility impairment, dopaminergic neuron loss, and elevated number of apoptotic nuclei in the striatum of aged control rats were similar to young rotenone-treated animals. Moreover, we observed many ultrastructural alterations, such as swollen mitochondria in the striatum, and massive lipofuscin deposits in the SNpc of the aged rotenone-treated animals. We conclude that the rotenone model can be employed to explore age-related alterations in the ontogeny that can increase vulnerability in the striatum and SNpc, which may contribute to Parkinson's disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Soraya Soubhi Smaili
- 2 Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Grandi LC, Di Giovanni G, Galati S. Reprint of “Animal models of early-stage Parkinson's disease and acute dopamine deficiency to study compensatory neurodegenerative mechanisms”. J Neurosci Methods 2018; 310:75-88. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2018.10.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Revised: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Grandi LC, Di Giovanni G, Galati S. Animal models of early-stage Parkinson's disease and acute dopamine deficiency to study compensatory neurodegenerative mechanisms. J Neurosci Methods 2018; 308:205-218. [PMID: 30107207 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2018.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Revised: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease is a common neurodegenerative disease characterized by a widely variety of motor and non-motor symptoms. While the motor deficits are only visible following a severe dopamine depletion, neurodegenerative process and some non-motor symptoms are manifested years before the motor deficits. Importantly, chronic degeneration of dopaminergic neurons leads to the development of compensatory mechanisms that play roles in the progression of the disease and the response to anti-parkinsonian therapies. The identification of these mechanisms will be of great importance for improving our understanding of factors with important contributions to the disease course and the underlying adaptive process. To date, most of the data obtained from animal models reflect the late, chronic, dopamine-depleted states, when compensatory mechanisms have already been established. Thus, adequate animal models with which researchers are able to dissect early- and late-phase mechanisms are necessary. Here, we reviewed the literature related to animal models of early-stage PD and pharmacological treatments capable of inducing acute dopamine impairments and/or depletion, such as reserpine, haloperidol and tetrodotoxin. We highlighted the advantages, limitations and the future prospective uses of these models, as well as their applications in the identification of novel agents for treating this neurological disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Clara Grandi
- Laboratory for Biomedical Neurosciences, Neurocenter of Southern Switzerland, Switzerland
| | - Giuseppe Di Giovanni
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Malta, Malta; Neuroscience Division, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.
| | - Salvatore Galati
- Laboratory for Biomedical Neurosciences, Neurocenter of Southern Switzerland, Switzerland.
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13
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Chen C, Li X, Ge G, Liu J, Biju KC, Laing SD, Qian Y, Ballard C, He Z, Masliah E, Clark RA, O'Connor JC, Li S. GDNF-expressing macrophages mitigate loss of dopamine neurons and improve Parkinsonian symptoms in MitoPark mice. Sci Rep 2018; 8:5460. [PMID: 29615705 PMCID: PMC5882968 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-23795-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) is the most potent neuroprotective agent tested in cellular and animal models of Parkinson's disease (PD). However, CNS delivery of GDNF is restricted by the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Using total body irradiation as transplant preconditioning, we previously reported that hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) transplantation (HSCT)-based macrophage-mediated gene therapy could deliver GDNF to the brain to prevent degeneration of nigrostriatal dopamine (DA) neurons in an acute murine neurotoxicity model. Here, we validate this therapeutic approach in a chronic progressive PD model - the MitoPark mouse, with head shielding to avoid inducing neuroinflammation and compromising BBB integrity. Bone marrow HSCs were transduced ex vivo with a lentiviral vector expressing macrophage promoter-driven GDNF and transplanted into MitoPark mice exhibiting well developed PD-like impairments. Transgene-expressing macrophages infiltrated the midbrains of MitoPark mice, but not normal littermates, and delivered GDNF locally. Macrophage GDNF delivery markedly improved both motor and non-motor symptoms, and dramatically mitigated the loss of both DA neurons in the substantia nigra and tyrosine hydroxylase-positive axonal terminals in the striatum. Our data support further development of this HSCT-based macrophage-mediated GDNF delivery approach in order to address the unmet need for a disease-modifying therapy for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cang Chen
- Department of Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, Texas, 78229, USA
| | - Xiuhua Li
- Department of Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, Texas, 78229, USA
| | - Guo Ge
- Department of Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, Texas, 78229, USA
| | - Jingwei Liu
- Department of Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, Texas, 78229, USA
| | - K C Biju
- Department of Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, Texas, 78229, USA
| | - Suzette D Laing
- Department of Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, Texas, 78229, USA
| | - Yusheng Qian
- Department of Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, Texas, 78229, USA
| | - Cori Ballard
- Department of Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, Texas, 78229, USA
| | - Zhixu He
- Stem Cells Research Center of Guizhou Medical University and Key Laboratory of Adult Stem cell Transformation Research, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550025, China
| | | | - Robert A Clark
- Department of Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, Texas, 78229, USA
- Audie L. Murphy VA Hospital, 7400 Merton Minter Boulevard, San Antonio, Texas, 78229, USA
| | - Jason C O'Connor
- Department of Pharmacology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, Texas, 78229, USA.
- Audie L. Murphy VA Hospital, 7400 Merton Minter Boulevard, San Antonio, Texas, 78229, USA.
| | - Senlin Li
- Department of Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, Texas, 78229, USA.
- Department of Pharmacology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, Texas, 78229, USA.
- Audie L. Murphy VA Hospital, 7400 Merton Minter Boulevard, San Antonio, Texas, 78229, USA.
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Pirouetting pigs: A large non-primate animal model based on unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine lesioning of the nigrostriatal pathway. Brain Res Bull 2018; 139:167-173. [PMID: 29462643 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2018.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Revised: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The rotating 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) rat model has long been important when developing new treatment strategies for Parkinson's disease (PD). Similar non-human primate models have been developed for translational research purposes as large animal models are required by regulatory bodies as an intermediate "phase 0" trial step. However, experimental research in non-human primates encounters several economical and regulatory issues, which may be avoided by the alternative use of pigs as a large animal model for experimental brain research. OBJECTIVE The primary aim of this study was to examine if unilateral injections of 6-OHDA into the Göttingen minipig nigrostriatal pathway would lead to dopaminergic imbalance and rotational behavior similar to the 6-OHDA unilateral symptomatic model of PD created in other species. The secondary aim was to attempt to verify the rotational behavior as a parkinsonian symptom using subthalamic deep brain stimulation (STN-DBS) to minimize the elicited rotational pattern. MATERIALS AND METHODS Using an MRI-based stereotactic procedure, ten female Göttingen minipigs were injected unilaterally with 6-OHDA in the nigrostriatal pathway. Postoperatively, an MRI was performed, and the animals were injected with amphetamine and apomorphine and observed for rotational behavior. After a survival period of three months the brains were removed and immunohistochemically stained for tyrosine hydroxylase (TH). One week before sacrifice two animals had DBS electrodes unilaterally implanted in the subthalamic nucleus and various stimulation protocols were conducted during amphetamine challenge. RESULTS As expected most animals rotated towards the side of the lesion when given amphetamine (3.5-4.0 mg/kg), whereas the predicted opposite response to apomorphine were much harder to reproduce. T1- and T2-weighted postoperative MRI could demonstrate the size and the location of the 6-OHDA injection. Postmortem TH-staining of the final two animals receiving a medial and a lateral injection of 25 μL of 6-OHDA (8 μg/μL, injection rate 5 μL/min) into the diencephalic nigrostriatal pathway showed a prominent unilateral decrease in TH-staining of the substantia nigra pars compacta, the ventral tegmental area and the nigrostriatal pathway on the lesioned side. These two animals displayed spontaneous rotational behavior toward the lesioned side for the first 2-3 days postoperatively, and this behavior could later on be reelicited by amphetamine and attenuated by ipsilateral STN-DBS. CONCLUSION Female Göttingen minipigs are susceptible to unilateral dopaminergic degeneration when properly injected unilaterally with sufficient amounts of 6-OHDA in the nigrostriatal pathway. The location of the 6-OHDA injections and thus the accuracy of the employed stereotaxy can be verified in vivo using MRI postoperatively. The injected minipigs display unilateral parkinsonism with a well-defined rotational response to amphetamine that may be ameliated by STN-DBS performed on the lesioned side. The response to apomorphine was, however, not consistent, illustrating that further work on this promising non-primate large animal model is needed, before it is fully similar to the established 6-OHDA models in other species.
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15
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Zhang Y, Ge M, Hao Q, Dong B. Induced pluripotent stem cells in rat models of Parkinson's disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Biomed Rep 2018; 8:289-296. [PMID: 29564126 DOI: 10.3892/br.2018.1049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The effects of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) in 6-hydroxydopamine-lesioned rat models of Parkinson's disease (PD) have been evaluated in multiple studies. However, the results evaluating the effectiveness of iPSCs in animal models of PD are mixed, primarily due to their low statistical power. In the current study, a meta-analysis was performed to describe the treatment effect of unsorted iPSCs on behavioral testing in experimental rat models of PD. Databases searched included PubMed, EMBASE, MEDLINE and the Cochrane Library from inception to March 2017. Data were extracted for rotation behavior tests (induced by amphetamine and apomorphine) and limb function tests. A total of eight studies were included in the current meta-analysis, and iPSCs were identified to be efficacious according to the pooled standardized mean differences (SMDs) for improving amphetamine-induced rotational behavior [SMD, -2.16; 95% confidence interval (95% CI), -2.93, -1.40; P<0.00001] and apomorphine-induced rotational test (SMD, -1.45; 95% CI, -2.16, -0.73; P<0.0001). The pooled evidence indicated that iPSCs improve rotational behavior in rat models of PD. It was concluded that iPSCs provide a potential approach for developing novel treatment strategies for PD, and the results of this meta-analysis may guide future preclinical and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunxia Zhang
- Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan 610500, P.R. China.,The Center of Gerontology and Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Meiling Ge
- The Center of Gerontology and Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Qiukui Hao
- The Center of Gerontology and Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Birong Dong
- The Center of Gerontology and Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
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16
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Torres N, Molet J, Moro C, Mitrofanis J, Benabid AL. Neuroprotective Surgical Strategies in Parkinson's Disease: Role of Preclinical Data. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18102190. [PMID: 29053638 PMCID: PMC5666871 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18102190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Revised: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Although there have been many pharmacological agents considered to be neuroprotective therapy in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients, neurosurgical approaches aimed to neuroprotect or restore the degenerative nigrostriatal system have rarely been the focus of in depth reviews. Here, we explore the neuroprotective strategies involving invasive surgical approaches (NSI) using neurotoxic models 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) and 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA), which have led to clinical trials. We focus on several NSI approaches, namely deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus, glial neurotrophic derived factor (GDNF) administration and cell grafting methods. Although most of these interventions have produced positive results in preclinical animal models, either from behavioral or histological studies, they have generally failed to pass randomized clinical trials to validate each approach. We argue that NSI are promising approaches for neurorestoration in PD, but preclinical studies should be planned carefully in order not only to detect benefits but also to detect potential adverse effects. Further, clinical trials should be designed to be able to detect and disentangle neuroprotection from symptomatic effects. In summary, our review study evaluates the pertinence of preclinical models to study NSI for PD and how this affects their efficacy when translated into clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Napoleon Torres
- University Grenoble Alpes, CEA, LETI, CLINATEC, MINATEC Campus, 38000 Grenoble, France.
| | - Jenny Molet
- University Grenoble Alpes, CEA, LETI, CLINATEC, MINATEC Campus, 38000 Grenoble, France.
| | - Cecile Moro
- University Grenoble Alpes, CEA, LETI, CLINATEC, MINATEC Campus, 38000 Grenoble, France.
| | - John Mitrofanis
- Department of Anatomy, University of Sydney; Sydney Medical School, Sydney NSW 2006, Australia.
| | - Alim Louis Benabid
- University Grenoble Alpes, CEA, LETI, CLINATEC, MINATEC Campus, 38000 Grenoble, France.
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17
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Stephenson DT, Childs MA, Li Q, Carvajal-Gonzalez S, Opsahl A, Tengowski M, Meglasson MD, Merchant K, Emborg ME. Differential Loss of Presynaptic Dopaminergic Markers in Parkinsonian Monkeys. Cell Transplant 2017; 16:229-44. [PMID: 17503735 DOI: 10.3727/000000007783464704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Assessment of dopamine nerve terminal function and integrity is a strategy employed to monitor deficits in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients and in preclinical models of PD. Dopamine replacement therapies effectively replenish the diminished supply of endogenous dopamine and provide symptomatic benefit to patients. Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), dopamine transporter (DAT), vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VMAT2), and amino acid decarboxylase (AADC) are widely used markers of dopaminergic neurons and terminals. The present studies were initiated to: (a) assess alterations in all four markers in the MPTP primate model of dopaminergic degeneration and (b) to determine whether L-DOPA treatment may itself modulate the expression of these markers. MPTP treatment induced a significant decline of dopaminergic immunoreactive fiber and terminal density in the basal ganglia. The amount of reduction varied between markers. The rank order of presynaptic marker loss, from most to least profound reduction, was TH > VMAT2 > DAT > AADC. Semiquantitative image analysis of relative dopaminergic presynaptic fiber and terminal density illustrated region-specific reduction of all four markers. Double immunofluorescence colocalization of two presynaptic markers on the same tissue section confirmed there was a more dramatic loss of TH than of VMAT2 or of DAT following MPTP treatment. L-DOPA treatment was associated with a significantly higher level of AADC and VMAT2 immunoreactivity in the caudate nucleus compared to placebo. These results illustrate that neurotoxic injury of the dopamine system in primates leads to altered and differential expression of presynaptic dopaminergic markers in the basal ganglia and that expression of such markers may be modulated by L-DOPA therapy. These findings have implications for the use of biomarkers of disease progression as well as for the assessment of neurorestorative strategies, such as cell replacement, for the treatment of PD.
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18
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Salama M, Sobh M, Emam M, Abdalla A, Sabry D, El-Gamal M, Lotfy A, El-Husseiny M, Sobh M, Shalash A, Mohamed WM. Effect of intranasal stem cell administration on the nigrostriatal system in a mouse model of Parkinson's disease. Exp Ther Med 2017; 13:976-982. [PMID: 28450929 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.4073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease worldwide. It affects the locomotor system, leading to a final severe disability through degeneration of dopaminergic neurons. Despite several therapeutic approaches used, no treatment has been proven to be effective; however, cell therapy may be a promising therapeutic method. In addition, the use of the intranasal (IN) route has been advocated for delivering various therapies to the brain. In the present study, the IN route was used for administration of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in a mouse model of PD, with the aim to evaluate IN delivery as an alternative route for cell based therapy administration in PD. The PD model was developed in C57BL/6 mice using intraperitoneal rotenone administration for 60 consecutive days. MSCs were isolated from the mononuclear cell fraction of pooled bone marrow from C57BL/6 mice and incubated with micrometer-sized iron oxide (MPIO) particles. For IN administration, we used a 20 µl of 5×105 cell suspension. Neurobehavioral assessment of the mice was performed, and after sacrifice, brain sections were stained with Prussian blue to detect the MPIO-labeled MSCs. In addition, immunohistochemical evaluation was conducted to detect tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) antibodies in the corpus striatum and dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc). The neurobehavioral assessment revealed progressive deterioration in the locomotor functions of the rotenone group, which was improved following MSC administration. Histopathological evaluation of brain sections in the rotenone+MSC group revealed successful delivery of MSCs, evidenced by positive Prussian blue staining. Furthermore, rotenone treatment led to significant decrease in dopaminergic neuron number in SNpc, as well as similar decrease in the corpus striatum fiber density. By contrast, in animals receiving IN administration of MSCs, the degeneration caused by rotenone treatment was significantly counteracted. In conclusion, the present study validated that IN delivery of MSCs may be a potential safe, easy and cheap alternative route for stem cell treatment in neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Salama
- Medical Experimental Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt.,Toxicology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud Sobh
- Medical Experimental Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud Emam
- Medical Experimental Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Abdalla
- Medical Experimental Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Dina Sabry
- Medical Experimental Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Mohamed El-Gamal
- Medical Experimental Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Lotfy
- Medical Experimental Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud El-Husseiny
- Medical Experimental Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Sobh
- Medical Experimental Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt.,Urology Nephrology Center, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Ali Shalash
- Neurology Department, Ain Shams Medical School, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt
| | - Wael My Mohamed
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Menoufia Medical School, Menoufia University, Menoufia 32811, Egypt.,Department of Basic Medical Science, Kulliyyah of Medicine, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuantan, Pahang 53100, Malaysia
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19
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Role of the pedunculopontine nucleus in controlling gait and sleep in normal and parkinsonian monkeys. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2017; 125:471-483. [PMID: 28084536 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-017-1678-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) develop cardinal motor symptoms, including akinesia, rigidity, and tremor, that are alleviated by dopaminergic medication and/or subthalamic deep brain stimulation. Over the time course of the disease, gait and balance disorders worsen and become resistant to pharmacological and surgical treatments. These disorders generate debilitating motor symptoms leading to increased dependency, morbidity, and mortality. PD patients also experience sleep disturbance that raise the question of a common physiological basis. An extensive experimental and clinical body of work has highlighted the crucial role of the pedunculopontine nucleus (PPN) in the control of gait and sleep, and its potential major role in PD. Here, we summarise our investigations in the monkey PPN in the normal and parkinsonian states. We first examined the anatomy and connectivity of the PPN and the cuneiform nucleus which both belong to the mesencephalic locomotor region. Second, we conducted experiments to demonstrate the specific effects of PPN cholinergic lesions on locomotion in the normal and parkinsonian monkey. Third, we aimed to understand how PPN cholinergic lesions impair sleep in parkinsonian monkeys. Our final goal was to develop a novel model of advanced PD with gait and sleep disorders. We believe that this monkey model, even if it does not attempt to reproduce the exact human disease with all its complexities, represents a good biomedical model to characterise locomotion and sleep in the context of PD.
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20
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Dallé E, Daniels WM, Mabandla MV. Fluvoxamine maleate normalizes striatal neuronal inflammatory cytokine activity in a Parkinsonian rat model associated with depression. Behav Brain Res 2017; 316:189-196. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2016.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Revised: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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21
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22
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Yue F, Zeng S, Tang R, Tao G, Chan P. MPTP Induces Systemic Parkinsonism in Middle-Aged Cynomolgus Monkeys: Clinical Evolution and Outcomes. Neurosci Bull 2016; 33:17-27. [PMID: 27699717 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-016-0069-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we developed a systemic PD model in middle-aged cynomolgus monkeys using individualized low-dose MPTP, to explore effective indicators for the early prediction of clinical outcomes. MPTP was not stopped until the animals showed typical PD motor symptoms on days 10 to 13 after MPTP administration when the Kurlan score reached 10; this abrogated the differences in individual susceptibility to MPTP. The clinical symptoms persisted, peaking on days 3 to 12 after MPTP withdrawal (rapid progress stage), and then the Kurlan score plateaued. A Kurlan score at the end of the rapid progress stage >15 reflected stable or slowly-progressive PD, while a score <15 indicated spontaneous recovery. The entire clinical evolution and outcome of the systemic PD model was characterized in this study, thus providing options for therapeutic and translational research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Yue
- Department of Neurobiology, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China.,Key Laboratory on Parkinson's Disease, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Sien Zeng
- Department of Pathology, Guilin Medical College, Guilin, 541001, China
| | - Rongping Tang
- Wincon TheraCells Biotechnologies Co., Ltd., Nanning, 530003, China
| | - Guoxian Tao
- Wincon TheraCells Biotechnologies Co., Ltd., Nanning, 530003, China
| | - Piu Chan
- Department of Neurobiology, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China. .,Key Laboratory on Parkinson's Disease, Beijing, 100053, China.
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23
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Botsakis K, Theodoritsi S, Grintzalis K, Angelatou F, Antonopoulos I, Georgiou C, Margarity M, Matsokis N, Panagopoulos N. 17β-Estradiol/N-acetylcysteine interaction enhances the neuroprotective effect on dopaminergic neurons in the weaver model of dopamine deficiency. Neuroscience 2016; 320:221-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2016.01.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2015] [Revised: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 01/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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24
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Exposure to Early Life Stress Results in Epigenetic Changes in Neurotrophic Factor Gene Expression in a Parkinsonian Rat Model. PARKINSONS DISEASE 2016; 2016:6438783. [PMID: 26881180 PMCID: PMC4735931 DOI: 10.1155/2016/6438783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Accepted: 12/13/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Early life adversity increases the risk of mental disorders later in life. Chronic early life stress may alter neurotrophic factor gene expression including those for brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and glial cell derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) that are important in neuronal growth, survival, and maintenance. Maternal separation was used in this study to model early life stress. Following unilateral injection of a mild dose of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA), we measured corticosterone (CORT) in the blood and striatum of stressed and nonstressed rats; we also measured DNA methylation and BDNF and GDNF gene expression in the striatum using real time PCR. In the presence of stress, we found that there was increased corticosterone concentration in both blood and striatal tissue. Further to this, we found higher DNA methylation and decreased neurotrophic factor gene expression. 6-OHDA lesion increased neurotrophic factor gene expression in both stressed and nonstressed rats but this increase was higher in the nonstressed rats. Our results suggest that exposure to early postnatal stress increases corticosterone concentration which leads to increased DNA methylation. This effect results in decreased BDNF and GDNF gene expression in the striatum leading to decreased protection against subsequent insults later in life.
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25
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Propensity of Hyoscyamus niger seeds methanolic extract to allay stereotaxically rotenone-induced Parkinson’s disease symptoms in rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s13596-015-0202-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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26
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Franke SK, van Kesteren RE, Wubben JAM, Hofman S, Paliukhovich I, van der Schors RC, van Nierop P, Smit AB, Philippens IHCHM. Progression and recovery of Parkinsonism in a chronic progressive MPTP-induction model in the marmoset without persistent molecular and cellular damage. Neuroscience 2015; 312:247-59. [PMID: 26431624 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2015.09.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2015] [Revised: 09/21/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Chronic exposure to low-dose 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) in marmoset monkeys was used to model the prodromal stage of Parkinson's disease (PD), and to investigate mechanisms underlying disease progression and recovery. Marmosets were subcutaneously injected with MPTP for a period of 12weeks, 0.5mg/kg once per week, and clinical signs of Parkinsonism, motor- and non-motor behaviors were recorded before, during and after exposure. In addition, postmortem immunohistochemistry and proteomics analysis were performed. MPTP-induced parkinsonian clinical symptoms increased in severity during exposure, and recovered after MPTP administration was ended. Postmortem analyses, after the recovery period, revealed no alteration of the number and sizes of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-positive dopamine (DA) neurons in the substantia nigra. Also levels of TH in putamen and caudate nucleus were unaltered, no differences were observed in DA, serotonin or nor-adrenalin levels in the caudate nucleus, and proteomics analysis revealed no global changes in protein expression in these brain areas between treatment groups. Our findings indicate that parkinsonian symptoms can occur without detectable damage at the cellular or molecular level. Moreover, we show that parkinsonian symptoms may be reversible when diagnosed and treated early.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Franke
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Rijswijk, The Netherlands
| | - R E van Kesteren
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J A M Wubben
- Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Rijswijk, The Netherlands
| | - S Hofman
- Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Rijswijk, The Netherlands
| | - I Paliukhovich
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - R C van der Schors
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - P van Nierop
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A B Smit
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Physical Training Regulates Mitochondrial Parameters and Neuroinflammatory Mechanisms in an Experimental Model of Parkinson's Disease. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2015; 2015:261809. [PMID: 26448816 PMCID: PMC4581546 DOI: 10.1155/2015/261809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2015] [Revised: 07/16/2015] [Accepted: 08/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of two different protocols for physical exercise (strength and aerobic training) on mitochondrial and inflammatory parameters in the 6-OHDA experimental model of Parkinson's disease. Six experimental groups were used (n = 12 per group): untrained + vehicle (Sham), strength training + vehicle (STR), treadmill training + vehicle (TTR), untrained + 6-OHDA (U + 6-OHDA), strength training + 6-OHDA (STR + 6-OHDA), and treadmill training + 6-OHDA (TTR + 6-OHDA). The mice were subjected to strength or treadmill training for 8 weeks. PD was induced via striatal injection of 6-OHDA 24 h after the last exercise session. Mice were euthanized by cervical dislocation and the striatum and hippocampus were homogenized to determine levels of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) p65, and sirtuin 1 (Sirt1) by western blot; tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-17, interferon-γ (IFN-γ), and transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) levels by ELISA; NO content; and complex I (CI) activity. STR + 6-OHDA mice had higher TH levels and CI activity and lower NF-κB p65 and IFN-γ levels in the striatum compared to U + 6-OHDA mice, while TTR + 6-OHDA mice had higher Sirt1 levels and CI activity in both the striatum and the hippocampus, compared to U + 6-OHDA mice. Strength training increased CI activity and TH and Sirt1 levels and reduced NO, NF-κB p65, TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-1β, and TGF-β1 levels in 6-OHDA mice, while treadmill exercise increased CI activity and NO, TH, and Sirt1 levels and reduced NF-κB p65, TNF-α, IFN-γ, and IL-1β levels. Our results demonstrated that both treadmill training and strength training promote neuroprotection, possibly by stimulating Sirt1 activity, which may in turn regulate both mitochondrial function and neuroinflammation via deacetylation of NF-κB p65. Changes in nitric oxide levels may also be a mechanism by which 6-OHDA-induced inflammation is controlled.
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Riecke J, Johns KM, Cai C, Vahidy FS, Parsha K, Furr-Stimming E, Schiess M, Savitz SI. A Meta-Analysis of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Animal Models of Parkinson's Disease. Stem Cells Dev 2015; 24:2082-90. [PMID: 26134374 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2015.0127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple studies have been performed to evaluate the effects of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in animal models of Parkinson's disease (PD). We performed a meta-analysis to estimate the treatment effect of unmodified MSCs on behavioral outcomes in preclinical studies of PD. We performed a systematic literature search to identify studies that used behavioral testing to evaluate the treatment effect of unmodified MSCs in PD models. Meta-analysis was used to determine pooled effect size for rotational behavior and limb function, and meta-regression was performed to explore sources of heterogeneity. Twenty-five studies, including three delivery routes, a wide range of doses, and multiple PD models, were examined. Significant improvement was seen in the pooled standardized mean difference (SMD) for both rotational behavior [SMD: 1.24, 95% confidence interval (95% CI): 0.84, 1.64] and limb function (SMD: 0.84, 95% CI: 0.01, 1.66). Using meta-regression, intravenous administration and higher dose had a larger effect on limb function. Treatment with MSCs improves behavioral outcomes in PD models. Our analyses suggest that MSCs could be considered for early-stage clinical trials in the treatment of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Riecke
- 1 Department of Neurology, University of Texas-Houston Medical School , Houston, Texas
| | - Katherine M Johns
- 1 Department of Neurology, University of Texas-Houston Medical School , Houston, Texas
| | - Chunyan Cai
- 2 Division of Clinical and Translational Sciences, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas-Houston Medical School , Houston, Texas
| | | | - Kaushik Parsha
- 1 Department of Neurology, University of Texas-Houston Medical School , Houston, Texas
| | - Erin Furr-Stimming
- 1 Department of Neurology, University of Texas-Houston Medical School , Houston, Texas
| | - Mya Schiess
- 1 Department of Neurology, University of Texas-Houston Medical School , Houston, Texas
| | - Sean I Savitz
- 1 Department of Neurology, University of Texas-Houston Medical School , Houston, Texas
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Chung JY, Lee JW, Ryu CH, Min HK, Yoon YJ, Lim MJ, Park CH. 1-[2-(4-Benzyloxyphenoxy)Ethyl]Imidazole inhibits monoamine oxidase B and protects against neuronal loss and behavioral impairment in rodent models of Parkinson's disease. J Neurosci Res 2015; 93:1267-78. [DOI: 10.1002/jnr.23577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2014] [Revised: 01/09/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jin Yong Chung
- Drug Discovery Center; SK Biopharmaceuticals Ltd.; Dae Jeon South Korea
| | - Ji Won Lee
- Drug Discovery Center; SK Biopharmaceuticals Ltd.; Dae Jeon South Korea
| | - Choon Ho Ryu
- Drug Discovery Center; SK Biopharmaceuticals Ltd.; Dae Jeon South Korea
| | - Hye Kyung Min
- Drug Discovery Center; SK Biopharmaceuticals Ltd.; Dae Jeon South Korea
| | - Yeo Jin Yoon
- Drug Discovery Center; SK Biopharmaceuticals Ltd.; Dae Jeon South Korea
| | - Mi Jung Lim
- Drug Discovery Center; SK Biopharmaceuticals Ltd.; Dae Jeon South Korea
| | - Cheol Hyoung Park
- Drug Discovery Center; SK Biopharmaceuticals Ltd.; Dae Jeon South Korea
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Joers V, Vermilyea S, Dilley K, Emborg ME. Systemic administration of 6-OHDA to rhesus monkeys upregulates HLA-DR expression in brain microvasculature. J Inflamm Res 2014; 7:139-49. [PMID: 25258551 PMCID: PMC4173661 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s67285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We recently developed a nonhuman primate model of cardiac dysautonomia by systemic dosing of the catecholaminergic neurotoxin 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA). The aim of this study was to assess whether systemic 6-OHDA affects the central nervous system of nonhuman primates, in particular the dopaminergic nigrostriatal system. Methods Brain sections from adult rhesus monkeys that received systemic 6-OHDA (50 mg/kg intravenously; n=5) and were necropsied 3 months later, as well as normal controls (n=5) were used in this study. Tissue was cut frozen at 40 μm on a sliding microtome, processed for immunohistochemistry, and blindly evaluated. Results Neither the optical density of tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactivity (TH-ir; a dopaminergic neuronal marker) in the caudate and putamen nucleus nor the TH-ir cell number and volume in the substantia nigra showed significant differences between groups. Yet within groups, statistical analysis revealed significant individual differences in the 6-OHDA-treated group, with two animals showing a lower cell count and volume. Optical density quantification of α-synuclein-ir in the substantia nigra did not show differences between groups. As α-synuclein intracellular distribution was noted to vary between animals, it was further evaluated with a semiquantitative scale. A greater intensity and presence of α-synuclein-positive nigral cell bodies was associated with larger TH-positive nigral cell volumes. Increased human leukocyte antigen (HLA-DR; a microglial marker) expression was observed in 6-OHDA-treated animals compared with controls. HLA-DR-ir was primarily localized in endothelial cells and perivascular spaces throughout cortical and subcortical structures. Semiquantitative evaluation using a rating scale revealed higher HLA-DR-ir in blood vessels of 6-OHDA-treated animals than controls, specifically in animals with the lowest number of dopaminergic nigral neurons. Conclusion Our results demonstrate that systemic 6-OHDA administration to rhesus monkeys can affect the dopaminergic nigrostriatal system and upregulate inflammatory markers in the cerebrovasculature that persist 3 months post neurotoxin challenge. The variability of the subject response suggests differences in individual sensitivity to 6-OHDA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie Joers
- Preclinical Parkinson's Research Program, Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA ; Neuroscience Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Scott Vermilyea
- Preclinical Parkinson's Research Program, Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA ; Neuroscience Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Kristine Dilley
- Preclinical Parkinson's Research Program, Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Marina E Emborg
- Preclinical Parkinson's Research Program, Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA ; Neuroscience Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA ; Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
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Philippens IH, Joosen MJ, Ahnaou A, Andres I, Drinkenburg W(PH. Anti-Parkinson effects of a selective alpha2C-adrenoceptor antagonist in the MPTP marmoset model. Behav Brain Res 2014; 269:81-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2014.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2013] [Revised: 04/14/2014] [Accepted: 04/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Resveratrol partially prevents rotenone-induced neurotoxicity in dopaminergic SH-SY5Y cells through induction of heme oxygenase-1 dependent autophagy. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:1625-46. [PMID: 24451142 PMCID: PMC3907890 DOI: 10.3390/ijms15011625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2013] [Revised: 01/08/2014] [Accepted: 01/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson disease (PD) is a complex neurodegenerative disorder characterized by a progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons. Mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress or protein misfolding and aggregation may underlie this process. Autophagy is an intracellular catabolic mechanism responsible for protein degradation and recycling of damaged proteins and cytoplasmic organelles. Autophagic dysfunction may hasten the progression of neuronal degeneration. In this study, resveratrol promoted autophagic flux and protected dopaminergic neurons against rotenone-induced apoptosis. In an in vivo PD model, rotenone induced loss of dopaminergic neurons, increased oxidation of mitochondrial proteins and promoted autophagic vesicle development in brain tissue. The natural phytoalexin resveratrol prevented rotenone-induced neuronal apoptosis in vitro, and this pro-survival effect was abolished by an autophagic inhibitor. Although both rotenone and resveratrol promoted LC3-II accumulation, autophagic flux was inhibited by rotenone and augmented by resveratrol. Further, rotenone reduced heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression, whereas resveratrol increased HO-1 expression. Pharmacological inhibition of HO-1 abolished resveratrol-mediated autophagy and neuroprotection. Notably, the effects of a pharmacological inducer of HO-1 were similar to those of resveratrol, and protected against rotenone-induced cell death in an autophagy-dependent manner, validating the hypothesis of HO-1 dependent autophagy in preventing neuronal death in the in vitro PD model. Collectively, our findings suggest that resveratrol induces HO-1 expression and prevents dopaminergic cell death by regulating autophagic flux; thus protecting against rotenone-induced neuronal apoptosis.
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Mpofana T, Daniels WMU, Mabandla MV. Neuroprotective Effects of Caffeine on a Maternally Separated Parkinsonian Rat Model. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.4236/jbbs.2014.42011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Neuroprotective Properties of a Novel Non-Thiazoledinedione Partial PPAR- γ Agonist against MPTP. PPAR Res 2013; 2013:582809. [PMID: 24223584 PMCID: PMC3808726 DOI: 10.1155/2013/582809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2013] [Revised: 07/24/2013] [Accepted: 07/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of the peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-gamma (PPAR)-γ is proposed as a neuroprotective strategy to treat neurodegenerative disorders. In this study, we examined if LSN862 (LSN), a novel non-thiazoledinedione partial PPAR-γ agonist, was neuroprotective in a mouse model of Parkinson's disease (PD) and assessed possible mechanisms of action. LSN (3, 10, or 30 mg/kg) or vehicle was orally administered daily to C57BL/6 and antioxidant response element-human placental alkaline phosphatase (ARE-hPAP) reporter mice 3 days prior to 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP; 30 mg/kg, i.p. × 5 days) or PBS administration. LSN elicited a dose-dependent preservation of dopaminergic nigrostriatal innervation that was not associated with inhibition of MPTP metabolism or activation of Nrf2-ARE, although changes in NQO1 and SOD2 mRNA were observed. A significant dose-dependent downregulation in MAC-1 and GFAP positive cells was observed in MPTP + LSN-treated mice as well as significant downregulation of mRNA expression levels of these inflammatory markers. MPTP-induced increases in PPAR-γ and PGC1α expression were ameliorated by LSN dosing. Our results demonstrate that oral administration of LSN is neuroprotective against MPTP-induced neurodegeneration, and this effect is associated with downregulation of neuroinflammation, decreased oxidative stress, and modulation of PPAR-γ and PGC1α expression. These results suggest that LSN can be a candidate alternative non-thiazoledinedione partial PPAR-γ agonist for neuroprotective treatment of PD.
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Herrán E, Ruiz-Ortega JÁ, Aristieta A, Igartua M, Requejo C, Lafuente JV, Ugedo L, Pedraz JL, Hernández RM. In vivo administration of VEGF- and GDNF-releasing biodegradable polymeric microspheres in a severe lesion model of Parkinson's disease. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2013; 85:1183-90. [PMID: 23639739 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2013.03.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2012] [Revised: 02/28/2013] [Accepted: 03/30/2013] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
In this work, the neuroregenerative potentials of microencapsulated VEGF, GDNF and their combination on a severely lesioned rat model were compared with the aim of developing a new strategy to treat advanced stages of Parkinson's disease. Both neurotrophic factors were separately encapsulated into polymeric microspheres (MSs) to obtain a continuous drug release over time. The regenerative effects of these growth factors were evaluated using a rotation behaviour test and quantified by the number of surviving TH+cells. The biological activities of encapsulated vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) were investigated in HUVEC and PC12 cells, respectively. The treatment of 6-OHDA-lesioned rats with GDNF microspheres and with both VEGF and GDNF microspheres resulted in improved results in the rotation behaviour test. Both groups also showed higher levels of neuroregeneration/neuroreparation in the substantia nigra than the control group did. These results were confirmed by the pronounced TH+neuron recovery in the group receiving VEGF+GDNF-MS, demonstrating regenerative effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enara Herrán
- NanoBioCel Group, Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Vitoria, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Vitoria, Spain
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Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease, which is characterized by progressive death of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta. Although mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress are linked to PD pathogenesis, its etiology and pathology remain to be elucidated. Metabolomics investigates metabolite changes in biofluids, cell lysates, tissues and tumors in order to correlate these metabolomic changes to a disease state. Thus, the application of metabolomics to investigate PD provides a systematic approach to understand the pathology of PD, to identify disease biomarkers, and to complement genomics, transcriptomics and proteomics studies. This review will examine current research into PD mechanisms with a focus on mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress. Neurotoxin-based PD animal models and the rationale for metabolomics studies in PD will also be discussed. The review will also explore the potential of NMR metabolomics to address important issues related to PD treatment and diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shulei Lei
- University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Department of Chemistry, 722
Hamilton Hall, Lincoln, NE 68588-0304
| | - Robert Powers
- University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Department of Chemistry, 722
Hamilton Hall, Lincoln, NE 68588-0304
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Mendieta L, Bautista E, Sánchez A, Guevara J, Herrando-Grabulosa M, Moran J, Martínez R, Aguilera J, Limón ID. The C-terminal domain of the heavy chain of tetanus toxin given by intramuscular injection causes neuroprotection and improves the motor behavior in rats treated with 6-hydroxydopamine. Neurosci Res 2012; 74:156-67. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2012.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2012] [Revised: 08/21/2012] [Accepted: 08/24/2012] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Sanchez-Betancourt J, Anaya-Martínez V, Gutierrez-Valdez AL, Ordoñez-Librado JL, Montiel-Flores E, Espinosa-Villanueva J, Reynoso-Erazo L, Avila-Costa MR. Manganese mixture inhalation is a reliable Parkinson disease model in rats. Neurotoxicology 2012; 33:1346-55. [PMID: 22975423 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2012.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2012] [Revised: 08/16/2012] [Accepted: 08/26/2012] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Manganese (Mn) is an essential trace metal. Regardless of its essentiality, it has been reported that the overexposure causes neurotoxicity manifested as extrapyramidal symptoms similar to those observed in Parkinson disease (PD). Recently, our group reported that mice that inhaled for 5 months the mixture of manganese chloride (MnCl(2)) and manganese acetate Mn(OAc)(3) developed movement abnormalities, significant loss of substantia nigra compacta (SNc) dopaminergic neurons, dopamine depletion and improved behavior with l-DOPA treatment. However, this model has only been characterized in mice. In order to have a well-supported and generalizable model in rodents, we used male Wistar rats that inhaled a mixture of 0.04 M MnCl(2) and 0.02 M Mn(OAc)(3), 1h three times a week for 6 months. Before Mn exposure, animals were trained to perform motor tests (Beam-walking and Single-pellet reaching tasks) and were evaluated each week after the exposure. The mixture of MnCl(2)/Mn(OAc)(3) caused alterations in the motor tests, 75.95% loss of SNc dopaminergic neurons, and no cell alterations in Globus Pallidus or striatum. With these results we conclude that the inhalation of the mixture of Mn compounds is a useful model in rodents for the study of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Sanchez-Betancourt
- Neuromorphology Lab, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, UNAM, Av. de los Barrios 1, Los Reyes Iztacala, Tlalnepantla, Edo. Mex. 54090, Mexico
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Salama M, ElDakroory SAE, ElTantawy D, Ghanem AA, Elghaffar HA, Elhusseiny M, ElHak SG. Regenerative effects of umbilical cord matrix cells (UCMCs) in a rodent model of rotenone neurotoxicity. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2012; 34:338-344. [PMID: 22717662 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2012.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2012] [Revised: 05/15/2012] [Accepted: 05/19/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Rotenone is one of the pesticides thought to have neurotoxic effect that could potentially play a role in the development of Parkinson's disease (PD). The neurotoxic effects of rotenone have been used to induce PD model in animals that can help in testing suggested therapies. Cell replacement therapies are suggested as new promising approach for treating PD. This study was done to evaluate the regenerative effect of intrathecal administered umbilical cord matrix cells in a rotenone model of PD in mice. Thirty, male BALB/c mice were used and divided into 3 equal groups. The control group (G.1) received only carboxymethyl cellulose orally once daily at a volume of 10ml/kg. The second group was given a daily rotenone oral dose of 30mg/kg for 28days. The third group received rotenone (30mg/(kgday) orally for 28days) and in the 15th day 1×10(5) of UCMCs were given intrathecally and then they completed the rotenone course. At the 23rd day all the animals were evaluated regarding locomotor incoordination through behavioral tests for monitoring PD development. At the end of the 28days all animals were sacrificed by overdose of phenobarbital and their brain were subjected to immunohistochemical analysis for dopaminergic neurons staining for anti TH antibodies. Intrathecal UCMCs revealed regenerative effects in SNpc as evidenced by immunohistochemical staining; this was in parallel with better performance in behavioral tests. In conclusion, the results of this study revealed the regenerative capacities of UCMCs against rotenone neurotoxicity in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Salama
- Department of Forensic Medicine & Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Egypt.
| | | | - Dina ElTantawy
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Egypt
| | - Abdel Aziz Ghanem
- Department of Forensic Medicine & Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Egypt
| | - Hasan Abd Elghaffar
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Egypt; Medical Experimental Research Center (MERC), Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud Elhusseiny
- Medical Experimental Research Center (MERC), Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Egypt
| | - Seham Gad ElHak
- Department of Forensic Medicine & Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Egypt
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Salama M, Arias-Carrión O. Natural toxins implicated in the development of Parkinson's disease. Ther Adv Neurol Disord 2012; 4:361-73. [PMID: 22164190 DOI: 10.1177/1756285611413004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Experimental models of Parkinson's disease (PD) are of great importance for improving the design of future clinical trials. Various neurotoxic models are available, including 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA), 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP), paraquat and rotenone. However, no model is considered perfect; each has its own limitations. Based on epidemiological data, a new trend of using environmental toxins in PD modeling seems attractive and has dominated public discussions of the disease etiology. A search for new environmental toxin-based models would improve our knowledge of the pathology of the condition. Here, we discuss some toxins of natural origin (e.g. cycad-derived toxins, epoxomicin, Nocardia asteroides bacteria, Streptomyces venezuelae bacteria, annonacin and DOPAL) that possibly represent a contributory environmental component to PD.
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Lin TK, Cheng CH, Chen SD, Liou CW, Huang CR, Chuang YC. Mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress promote apoptotic cell death in the striatum via cytochrome c/caspase-3 signaling cascade following chronic rotenone intoxication in rats. Int J Mol Sci 2012; 13:8722-8739. [PMID: 22942730 PMCID: PMC3430261 DOI: 10.3390/ijms13078722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2012] [Revised: 07/04/2012] [Accepted: 07/05/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurological disorder marked by nigrostriatal dopaminergic degeneration. Evidence suggests that mitochondrial dysfunction may be linked to PD through a variety of different pathways, including free-radical generation and dysfunction of the mitochondrial Complex I activity. In Lewis rats, chronic systemic administration of a specific mitochondrial Complex I inhibitor, rotenone (3 mg/kg/day) produced parkinsonism-like symptoms. Increased oxidized proteins and peroxynitrite, and mitochondrial or cytosol translocation of Bim, Bax or cytochrome c in the striatum was observed after 2-4 weeks of rotenone infusion. After 28 days of systemic rotenone exposure, imunohistochemical staining for tyrosine hydroxylase indicated nigrostriatal dopaminergic neuronal cell degeneration. Characteristic histochemical (TUNEL or activated caspase-3 staining) or ultrastructural (electron microscopy) features of apoptotic cell death were present in the striatal neuronal cell after chronic rotenone intoxication. We conclude that chronic rotenone intoxication may enhance oxidative and nitrosative stress that induces mitochondrial dysfunction and ultrastructural damage, resulting in translocation of Bim and Bax from cytosol to mitochondria that contributes to apoptotic cell death in the striatum via cytochrome c/caspase-3 signaling cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsu-Kung Lin
- Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan; E-Mails: (S.-D.C.); (C.-W.L.); (C.-R.H.)
- Center for Parkinson’s Disease, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: (T.-K.L.); (Y.-C.C.); Tel.: +886-7-7317123 (T.-K.L.) (Y.-C.C.); Fax: +886-7-7318762 (T.-K.L.) (Y.-C.C.)
| | - Ching-Hsiao Cheng
- Neurosurgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan; E-Mail:
| | - Shang-Der Chen
- Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan; E-Mails: (S.-D.C.); (C.-W.L.); (C.-R.H.)
- Center for Parkinson’s Disease, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
- Center for Translational Research in Biomedical Sciences, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Wei Liou
- Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan; E-Mails: (S.-D.C.); (C.-W.L.); (C.-R.H.)
- Center for Parkinson’s Disease, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Ren Huang
- Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan; E-Mails: (S.-D.C.); (C.-W.L.); (C.-R.H.)
| | - Yao-Chung Chuang
- Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan; E-Mails: (S.-D.C.); (C.-W.L.); (C.-R.H.)
- Center for Parkinson’s Disease, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
- Neurosurgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan; E-Mail:
- Department of Biological Science, National Sun Yet-Sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: (T.-K.L.); (Y.-C.C.); Tel.: +886-7-7317123 (T.-K.L.) (Y.-C.C.); Fax: +886-7-7318762 (T.-K.L.) (Y.-C.C.)
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Chao J, Leung Y, Wang M, Chang RCC. Nutraceuticals and their preventive or potential therapeutic value in Parkinson's disease. Nutr Rev 2012; 70:373-86. [PMID: 22747840 DOI: 10.1111/j.1753-4887.2012.00484.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common aging-related disorder in the world, after Alzheimer's disease. It is characterized by the progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta and other parts of the brain, leading to motor impairment, cognitive impairment, and dementia. Current treatment methods, such as L-dopa therapy, are focused only on relieving symptoms and delaying progression of the disease. To date, there is no known cure for PD, making prevention of PD as important as ever. More than a decade of research has revealed a number of major risk factors, including oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction. Moreover, numerous nutraceuticals have been found to target and attenuate these risk factors, thereby preventing or delaying the progression of PD. These nutraceuticals include vitamins C, D, E, coenzyme Q10, creatine, unsaturated fatty acids, sulfur-containing compounds, polyphenols, stilbenes, and phytoestrogens. This review examines the role of nutraceuticals in the prevention or delay of PD as well as the mechanisms of action of nutraceuticals and their potential applications as therapeutic agents, either alone or in combination with current treatment methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfei Chao
- Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Anatomy, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Joers V, Seneczko K, Goecks NC, Kamp TJ, Hacker TA, Brunner KG, Engle JW, Barnhart TE, Nickles RJ, Holden JE, Emborg ME. Nonuniform cardiac denervation observed by 11C-meta-hydroxyephedrine PET in 6-OHDA-treated monkeys. PLoS One 2012; 7:e35371. [PMID: 22539969 PMCID: PMC3335153 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0035371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2011] [Accepted: 03/16/2012] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease presents nonmotor complications such as autonomic dysfunction that do not respond to traditional anti-parkinsonian therapies. The lack of established preclinical monkey models of Parkinson's disease with cardiac dysfunction hampers development and testing of new treatments to alleviate or prevent this feature. This study aimed to assess the feasibility of developing a model of cardiac dysautonomia in nonhuman primates and preclinical evaluations tools. Five rhesus monkeys received intravenous injections of 6-hydroxydopamine (total dose: 50 mg/kg). The animals were evaluated before and after with a battery of tests, including positron emission tomography with the norepinephrine analog (11)C-meta-hydroxyephedrine. Imaging 1 week after neurotoxin treatment revealed nearly complete loss of specific radioligand uptake. Partial progressive recovery of cardiac uptake found between 1 and 10 weeks remained stable between 10 and 14 weeks. In all five animals, examination of the pattern of uptake (using Logan plot analysis to create distribution volume maps) revealed a persistent region-specific significant loss in the inferior wall of the left ventricle at 10 (P<0.001) and 14 weeks (P<0.01) relative to the anterior wall. Blood levels of dopamine, norepinephrine (P<0.05), epinephrine, and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (P<0.01) were notably decreased after 6-hydroxydopamine at all time points. These results demonstrate that systemic injection of 6-hydroxydopamine in nonhuman primates creates a nonuniform but reproducible pattern of cardiac denervation as well as a persistent loss of circulating catecholamines, supporting the use of this method to further develop a monkey model of cardiac dysautonomia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie Joers
- Preclinical Parkinson's Research Program, Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Neuroscience Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Kailie Seneczko
- Preclinical Parkinson's Research Program, Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Nichole C. Goecks
- Preclinical Parkinson's Research Program, Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Timothy J. Kamp
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Timothy A. Hacker
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Kevin G. Brunner
- Preclinical Parkinson's Research Program, Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Jonathan W. Engle
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Todd E. Barnhart
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - R. Jerome Nickles
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - James E. Holden
- Preclinical Parkinson's Research Program, Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Marina E. Emborg
- Preclinical Parkinson's Research Program, Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Neuroscience Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Edalatmanesh MA, Bahrami AR, Hosseini E, Hosseini M, Khatamsaz S. Neuroprotective effects of mesenchymal stem cell transplantation in animal model of cerebellar degeneration. Neurol Res 2012; 33:913-20. [PMID: 22080991 DOI: 10.1179/1743132811y.0000000036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The cerebellum has been considered a key structure for the processes involved in sensorimotor integration ultimately leading to motor planning and execution of coordinated movement. Thus, motor deficits and behavioral changes can be associated with cerebellar degeneration. METHODS Here, the chemical neurotoxin pyridine-2,3-dicarboxylic acid (quinolinic acid, QA) used to create partially cerebellar degeneration in adult Wistar rats suitable for use in stem cell transplantation studies. Stereotaxicaly administration of QA (0.2 mmol) in the right cerebellar hemisphere (folia VI) caused noticeable motor disturbance in all treated animals. Forty-eights hours after causing lesion, rat bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were transplanted into damaged cerebellar hemisphere. We investigated the role of MSC transplantation in forms of motor and non-motor learning that involves the cerebellum and its neuroprotective effects in Purkinje cells loss. RESULTS CM-Dil labeling showed that the transplanted MSCs survived and migrated in the cerebellum 6 weeks after transplantation. The MSC-transplanted group showed markedly improved functional performance on the rotating rod test (P≤0.0001) and beam walking test (P≤0.0001) during 6 weeks compared with the controls. For non-motor learning, we used passive avoidance learning test in 3 weeks after transplantation. The results showed that MSC transplantation prevented the development of memory deficit caused by cerebellar degeneration (P≤0.001). Stereological analysis in 6 weeks after transplantation showed that QA significantly decreases Purkinje cells in vehicle-treated rats and MSC transplantation is neuroprotective and decreases Purkinje cell loss in MSC-treated rats (P≤0.0001). CONCLUSION The results indicate that transplantation of MSCs can significantly reduce the behavioral and neuroanatomical abnormalities of these animals during 6 weeks after engraftment. According to results of this assay, cell therapy by means of bone marrow-derived adult stem cells promises for treatment of cerebellar diseases.
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Age-related decline in motor behavior and striatal dopamine transporter in cynomolgus monkeys. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2012; 119:943-52. [DOI: 10.1007/s00702-012-0770-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2011] [Accepted: 01/29/2012] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Exercise improves motor deficits and alters striatal GFAP expression in a 6-OHDA-induced rat model of Parkinson’s disease. Neurol Sci 2012; 33:1137-44. [DOI: 10.1007/s10072-011-0925-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2011] [Accepted: 12/26/2011] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Swanson CR, Joers V, Bondarenko V, Brunner K, Simmons HA, Ziegler TE, Kemnitz JW, Johnson JA, Emborg ME. The PPAR-γ agonist pioglitazone modulates inflammation and induces neuroprotection in parkinsonian monkeys. J Neuroinflammation 2011; 8:91. [PMID: 21819568 PMCID: PMC3166925 DOI: 10.1186/1742-2094-8-91] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2011] [Accepted: 08/05/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Activation of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ) has been proposed as a possible neuroprotective strategy to slow down the progression of early Parkinson's disease (PD). Here we report preclinical data on the use of the PPAR-γ agonist pioglitazone (Actos®; Takeda Pharmaceuticals Ltd.) in a paradigm resembling early PD in nonhuman primates. METHODS Rhesus monkeys that were trained to perform a battery of behavioral tests received a single intracarotid arterial injection of 20 ml of saline containing 3 mg of the dopaminergic neurotoxin 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP). Twenty-four hours later the monkeys were assessed using a clinical rating scale, matched accordingly to disability, randomly assigned to one of three groups [placebo (n = 5), 2.5 (n = 6) or 5 (n = 5) mg/kg of pioglitazone] and their treatments started. Three months after daily oral dosing, the animals were necropsied. RESULTS We observed significant improvements in clinical rating score (P = 0.02) in the animals treated with 5 mg/kg compared to placebo. Behavioral recovery was associated with preservation of nigrostriatal dopaminergic markers, observed as higher tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) putaminal optical density (P = 0.011), higher stereological cell counts of TH-ir (P = 0.02) and vesicular monoamine transporter-2 (VMAT-2)-ir nigral neurons (P = 0.006). Stereological cell counts of Nissl stained nigral neurons confirmed neuroprotection (P = 0.017). Pioglitazone-treated monkeys also showed a dose-dependent modulation of CD68-ir inflammatory cells, that was significantly decreased for 5 mg/kg treated animals compared to placebo (P = 0.018). A separate experiment to assess CSF penetration of pioglitazone revealed that 5 mg/kg p.o. induced consistently higher levels than 2.5 mg/kg and 7.5 mg/kg. p.o. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that oral administration of pioglitazone is neuroprotective when administered early after inducing a parkinsonian syndrome in rhesus monkeys and supports the concept that PPAR-γ is a viable target against neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine R Swanson
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI USA
- Neuroscience Training Program, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI USA
| | - Valerie Joers
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI USA
- Neuroscience Training Program, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI USA
| | - Viktoriya Bondarenko
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI USA
| | - Kevin Brunner
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI USA
| | - Heather A Simmons
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI USA
| | - Toni E Ziegler
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI USA
| | - Joseph W Kemnitz
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI USA
- Neuroscience Training Program, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI USA
- Department of Physiology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI USA
| | - Jeffrey A Johnson
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI USA
- Neuroscience Training Program, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI USA
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI USA
| | - Marina E Emborg
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI USA
- Neuroscience Training Program, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI USA
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin, Madison WI, USA
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Elhak SG, Ghanem AA, Abdelghaffar H, Eldakroury S, Eltantawy D, Eldosouky S, Salama M. The role of pramipexole in a severe Parkinson's disease model in mice. Ther Adv Neurol Disord 2011; 3:333-7. [PMID: 21179594 DOI: 10.1177/1756285610389655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pramipexole is one of a new generation of dopamine agonists. Recently there have been questions regarding its neuroprotective effects. These effects have been tested against various insults, which have yielded conflicting results. METHODS In this study, we introduced a combination of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)/paraquat to induce a severe Parkinson's disease model. The mice, after receiving the combination of toxins, were evaluated using mortality rates and immunohistochemistry for degenerating tyrosine hydroxylase-positive neurons. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Pramipexole was tested for its capacity to offer protection against neurotoxic the effects of MPTP/paraquat in this model; however, the results showed no improvement with pramipexole therapy.
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Wakeman DR, Dodiya HB, Kordower JH. Cell transplantation and gene therapy in Parkinson's disease. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 78:126-58. [PMID: 21259269 DOI: 10.1002/msj.20233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder affecting, in part, dopaminergic motor neurons of the ventral midbrain and their terminal projections that course to the striatum. Symptomatic strategies focused on dopamine replacement have proven effective at remediating some motor symptoms during the course of disease but ultimately fail to deliver long-term disease modification and lose effectiveness due to the emergence of side effects. Several strategies have been experimentally tested as alternatives for Parkinson's disease, including direct cell replacement and gene transfer through viral vectors. Cellular transplantation of dopamine-secreting cells was hypothesized as a substitute for pharmacotherapy to directly provide dopamine, whereas gene therapy has primarily focused on restoration of dopamine synthesis or neuroprotection and restoration of spared host dopaminergic circuitry through trophic factors as a means to enhance sustained controlled dopamine transmission. This seems now to have been verified in numerous studies in rodents and nonhuman primates, which have shown that grafts of fetal dopamine neurons or gene transfer through viral vector delivery can lead to improvements in biochemical and behavioral indices of dopamine deficiency. However, in clinical studies, the improvements in parkinsonism have been rather modest and variable and have been plagued by graft-induced dyskinesias. New developments in stem-cell transplantation and induced patient-derived cells have opened the doors for the advancement of cell-based therapeutics. In addition, viral-vector-derived therapies have been developed preclinically with excellent safety and efficacy profiles, showing promise in clinical trials thus far. Further progress and optimization of these therapies will be necessary to ensure safety and efficacy before widespread clinical use is deemed appropriate.
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