1
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Amirrashedi M, Jensen AI, Tang Q, Straathof NJW, Ravn K, Pedersen CG, Langhorn L, Poulsen FR, Woolley M, Johnson D, Williams J, Kidd C, Thisgaard H, Halle B. The Influence of Size on the Intracranial Distribution of Biomedical Nanoparticles Administered by Convection-enhanced Delivery in Minipigs. ACS NANO 2024; 18:17869-17881. [PMID: 38925630 PMCID: PMC11238734 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c04159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 05/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Because of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), successful drug delivery to the brain has long been a key objective for the medical community, calling for pioneering technologies to overcome this challenge. Convection-enhanced delivery (CED), a form of direct intraparenchymal microinfusion, shows promise but requires optimal infusate design and real-time distribution monitoring. The size of the infused substances appears to be especially critical, with current knowledge being limited. Herein, we examined the intracranial administration of polyethylene glycol (PEG)-coated nanoparticles (NPs) of various sizes using CED in groups of healthy minipigs (n = 3). We employed stealth liposomes (LIPs, 130 nm) and two gold nanoparticle designs (AuNPs) of different diameters (8 and 40 nm). All were labeled with copper-64 for quantitative and real-time monitoring of the infusion via positron emission tomography (PET). NPs were infused via two catheters inserted bilaterally in the putaminal regions of the animals. Our results suggest CED with NPs holds promise for precise brain drug delivery, with larger LIPs exhibiting superior distribution volumes and intracranial retention over smaller AuNPs. PET imaging alongside CED enabled dynamic visualization of the process, target coverage, timely detection of suboptimal infusion, and quantification of distribution volumes and concentration gradients. These findings may augment the therapeutic efficacy of the delivery procedure while mitigating unwarranted side effects associated with nonvisually monitored delivery approaches. This is of vital importance, especially for chronic intermittent infusions through implanted catheters, as this information enables informed decisions for modulating targeted infusion volumes on a catheter-by-catheter, patient-by-patient basis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Amirrashedi
- Department
of Nuclear Medicine, Odense University Hospital, Odense 5000, Denmark
- Department
of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby 2800, Denmark
- Danish
Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and
Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen
University Hospital Amager and Hvidovre, Copenhagen 2650, Denmark
| | - Andreas Ingemann Jensen
- The
Hevesy Laboratory, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Roskilde 4000, Denmark
| | - Qing Tang
- The
Hevesy Laboratory, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Roskilde 4000, Denmark
| | | | - Katharina Ravn
- The
Hevesy Laboratory, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Roskilde 4000, Denmark
| | | | - Louise Langhorn
- Biomedical
Laboratory, University of Southern Denmark, Odense 5000, Denmark
| | - Frantz Rom Poulsen
- Department
of Clinical Research and BRIDGE (Brain Research - Interdisciplinary
Guided Excellence), University of Southern
Denmark, Odense 5230, Denmark
- Department
of Neurosurgery, Odense University Hospital, Odense 5000, Denmark
| | - Max Woolley
- Renishaw
Neuro Solutions Ltd (RNS), Gloucestershire GL12 8SP, United Kingdom
| | - David Johnson
- Renishaw
Neuro Solutions Ltd (RNS), Gloucestershire GL12 8SP, United Kingdom
| | - Julia Williams
- Renishaw
Neuro Solutions Ltd (RNS), Gloucestershire GL12 8SP, United Kingdom
| | - Charlotte Kidd
- Renishaw
Neuro Solutions Ltd (RNS), Gloucestershire GL12 8SP, United Kingdom
| | - Helge Thisgaard
- Department
of Nuclear Medicine, Odense University Hospital, Odense 5000, Denmark
- Department
of Clinical Research and BRIDGE (Brain Research - Interdisciplinary
Guided Excellence), University of Southern
Denmark, Odense 5230, Denmark
| | - Bo Halle
- Department
of Clinical Research and BRIDGE (Brain Research - Interdisciplinary
Guided Excellence), University of Southern
Denmark, Odense 5230, Denmark
- Department
of Neurosurgery, Odense University Hospital, Odense 5000, Denmark
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2
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Peng X, Liu X, Kim JY, Nguyen A, Leal J, Ghosh D. Brain-Penetrating Peptide Shuttles across the Blood-Brain Barrier and Extracellular-like Space. Bioconjug Chem 2023; 34:2319-2336. [PMID: 38085066 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.3c00446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Systemic delivery of therapeutics into the brain is greatly impaired by multiple biological barriers─the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and the extracellular matrix (ECM) of the extracellular space. To address this problem, we developed a combinatorial approach to identify peptides that can shuttle and transport across both barriers. A cysteine-constrained heptapeptide M13 phage display library was iteratively panned against an established BBB model for three rounds to select for peptides that can transport across the barrier. Using next-generation DNA sequencing and in silico analysis, we identified peptides that were selectively enriched from successive rounds of panning for functional validation in vitro and in vivo. Select peptide-presenting phages exhibited efficient shuttling across the in vitro BBB model. Two clones, Pep-3 and Pep-9, exhibited higher specificity and efficiency of transcytosis than controls. We confirmed that peptides Pep-3 and Pep-9 demonstrated better diffusive transport through the extracellular matrix than gold standard nona-arginine and clinically trialed angiopep-2 peptides. In in vivo studies, we demonstrated that systemically administered Pep-3 and Pep-9 peptide-presenting phages penetrate the BBB and distribute into the brain parenchyma. In addition, free peptides Pep-3 and Pep-9 achieved higher accumulation in the brain than free angiopep-2 and may exhibit brain targeting. In summary, these in vitro and in vivo studies highlight that combinatorial phage display with a designed selection strategy can identify peptides as promising carriers, which are able to overcome the multiple biological barriers of the brain and shuttle different-sized molecules from small fluorophores to large macromolecules for improved delivery into the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiujuan Peng
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Xinquan Liu
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Jae You Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Alex Nguyen
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Jasmim Leal
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Debadyuti Ghosh
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
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Shao X, Saito R, Sato A, Okuno S, Saigusa D, Saito R, Uruno A, Osada Y, Kanamori M, Tominaga T. Local Delivery of Nimustine Hydrochloride against Brain Tumors: Basic Characterization Study. TOHOKU J EXP MED 2023; 261:187-194. [PMID: 37635063 DOI: 10.1620/tjem.2023.j069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
Convection-enhanced delivery (CED) delivers agents directly into tumors and the surrounding parenchyma. Although a promising concept, clinical applications are often hampered by insufficient treatment efficacy. Toward developing an effective CED-based strategy for delivering drugs with proven clinical efficacy, we performed a basic characterization study to explore the locally delivered characteristics of the water soluble nitrosourea nimustine hydrochloride (ACNU). First, ACNU distribution after CED in rodent brain was studied using mass spectrometry imaging. Clearance of 14C-labeled ACNU after CED in striatum was also studied. ACNU was robustly distributed in rodent brain similar to the distribution of the hydrophilic dye Evans blue after CED, and locally delivered ACNU was observed for over 24 h at the delivery site. Subsequently, to investigate the potential of ACNU to induce an immunostimulative microenvironment, Fas and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) was assessed in vitro. We found that ACNU significantly inhibited TGF-β1 secretion and reduced Fas expression. Further, after CED of ACNU in 9L-derived intracranial tumors, the infiltration of CD4/CD8 lymphocytes in tumors was evaluated by immunofluorescence.CED of ACNU in xenografted intracranial tumors induced tumor infiltration of CD4/CD8 lymphocytes. ACNU has a robust distribution in rodent brain by CED, and delayed clearance of the drug was observed at the local infusion site. Further, local delivery of ACNU affects the tumor microenvironment and induces immune cell migration in tumor. These characteristics make ACNU a promising agent for CED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Shao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Ryuta Saito
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Aya Sato
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Saori Okuno
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Daisuke Saigusa
- Faculty of Pharma-Science, Teikyo University
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine
- Department of Integrative Genomics, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University
| | - Ritsumi Saito
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine
- Department of Integrative Genomics, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University
| | - Akira Uruno
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine
- Department of Integrative Genomics, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University
| | - Yoshinari Osada
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Masayuki Kanamori
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Teiji Tominaga
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine
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Stahl EC, Sabo JK, Kang MH, Allen R, Applegate E, Kim SE, Kwon Y, Seth A, Lemus N, Salinas-Rios V, Soczek KM, Trinidad M, Vo LT, Jeans C, Wozniak A, Morris T, Kimberlin A, Foti T, Savage DF, Doudna JA. Genome editing in the mouse brain with minimally immunogenic Cas9 RNPs. Mol Ther 2023; 31:2422-2438. [PMID: 37403358 PMCID: PMC10422012 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2023.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Transient delivery of CRISPR-Cas9 ribonucleoproteins (RNPs) into the central nervous system (CNS) for therapeutic genome editing could avoid limitations of viral vector-based delivery including cargo capacity, immunogenicity, and cost. Here, we tested the ability of cell-penetrant Cas9 RNPs to edit the mouse striatum when introduced using a convection-enhanced delivery system. These transient Cas9 RNPs showed comparable editing of neurons and reduced adaptive immune responses relative to one formulation of Cas9 delivered using AAV serotype 9. The production of ultra-low endotoxin Cas9 protein manufactured at scale further improved innate immunity. We conclude that injection-based delivery of minimally immunogenic CRISPR genome editing RNPs into the CNS provides a valuable alternative to virus-mediated genome editing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth C Stahl
- Innovative Genomics Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences (QB3), University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Jennifer K Sabo
- Innovative Genomics Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Min Hyung Kang
- Innovative Genomics Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Ryan Allen
- Innovative Genomics Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Elizabeth Applegate
- Innovative Genomics Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Shin Eui Kim
- Innovative Genomics Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Yoonjin Kwon
- Innovative Genomics Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Anmol Seth
- Innovative Genomics Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Nicholas Lemus
- Innovative Genomics Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Viviana Salinas-Rios
- Innovative Genomics Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Katarzyna M Soczek
- Innovative Genomics Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences (QB3), University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Marena Trinidad
- Innovative Genomics Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Linda T Vo
- Innovative Genomics Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Chris Jeans
- California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences (QB3), University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - David F Savage
- Innovative Genomics Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Jennifer A Doudna
- Innovative Genomics Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences (QB3), University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; MBIB Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Gladstone Institutes, University of California, Berkeley, San Francisco, CA 94114, USA.
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5
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Josowitz AD, Bindra RS, Saltzman WM. Polymer nanocarriers for targeted local delivery of agents in treating brain tumors. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 34:10.1088/1361-6528/ac9683. [PMID: 36179653 PMCID: PMC9940943 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac9683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM), the deadliest brain cancer, presents a multitude of challenges to the development of new therapies. The standard of care has only changed marginally in the past 17 years, and few new chemotherapies have emerged to supplant or effectively combine with temozolomide. Concurrently, new technologies and techniques are being investigated to overcome the pharmacokinetic challenges associated with brain delivery, such as the blood brain barrier (BBB), tissue penetration, diffusion, and clearance in order to allow for potent agents to successful engage in tumor killing. Alternative delivery modalities such as focused ultrasound and convection enhanced delivery allow for the local disruption of the BBB, and the latter in particular has shown promise in achieving broad distribution of agents in the brain. Furthermore, the development of polymeric nanocarriers to encapsulate a variety of cargo, including small molecules, proteins, and nucleic acids, have allowed for formulations that protect and control the release of said cargo to extend its half-life. The combination of local delivery and nanocarriers presents an exciting opportunity to address the limitations of current chemotherapies for GBM toward the goal of improving safety and efficacy of treatment. However, much work remains to establish standard criteria for selection and implementation of these modalities before they can be widely implemented in the clinic. Ultimately, engineering principles and nanotechnology have opened the door to a new wave of research that may soon advance the stagnant state of GBM treatment development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander D Josowitz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States of America
| | - Ranjit S Bindra
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale School of Medicine, United States of America
| | - W Mark Saltzman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States of America
- Department of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States of America
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Physiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States of America
- Department of Dermatology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States of America
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Alghamdi M, Gumbleton M, Newland B. Local delivery to malignant brain tumors: potential biomaterial-based therapeutic/adjuvant strategies. Biomater Sci 2021; 9:6037-6051. [PMID: 34357362 DOI: 10.1039/d1bm00896j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive malignant brain tumor and is associated with a very poor prognosis. The standard treatment for newly diagnosed patients involves total tumor surgical resection (if possible), plus irradiation and adjuvant chemotherapy. Despite treatment, the prognosis is still poor, and the tumor often recurs within two centimeters of the original tumor. A promising approach to improving the efficacy of GBM therapeutics is to utilize biomaterials to deliver them locally at the tumor site. Local delivery to GBM offers several advantages over systemic administration, such as bypassing the blood-brain barrier and increasing the bioavailability of the therapeutic at the tumor site without causing systemic toxicity. Local delivery may also combat tumor recurrence by maintaining sufficient drug concentrations at and surrounding the original tumor area. Herein, we critically appraised the literature on local delivery systems based within the following categories: polymer-based implantable devices, polymeric injectable systems, and hydrogel drug delivery systems. We also discussed the negative effect of hypoxia on treatment strategies and how one might utilize local implantation of oxygen-generating biomaterials as an adjuvant to enhance current therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majed Alghamdi
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, King Edward VII Avenue, Cardiff, CF10 3NB, UK. and Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 22522, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mark Gumbleton
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, King Edward VII Avenue, Cardiff, CF10 3NB, UK.
| | - Ben Newland
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, King Edward VII Avenue, Cardiff, CF10 3NB, UK. and Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden, Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials Dresden, Hohe Straße 6, D-01069 Dresden, Germany
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Endo T, Inoue T, Sugiyama S, Saito R, Tominaga T. Regression of Recurrent Spinal Cord High-Grade Glioma After Convection-Enhanced Delivery of Nimustine Hydrochloride: Case Reports and Literature Review. Oper Neurosurg (Hagerstown) 2020; 18:451-459. [PMID: 31414134 DOI: 10.1093/ons/opz172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spinal cord high-grade glioma has poor prognosis. Especially, no treatment protocols have been established for recurrent cases. OBJECTIVE To apply a novel treatment method, convection-enhanced delivery (CED), for recurrent high-grade glioma. CED can deliver chemotherapeutic agents directly into the intramedullary lesion and possibly lead to remarkable regression of enlarging tumors that are, otherwise, difficult to control. METHODS Two patients developed high-grade glioma in the thoracic spinal cord. Partial resection and chemotherapy and radiotherapy induced remission of the disease. However, following the initial treatment, recurrence was noted in the spinal cord at 6 and 12 mo, respectively. No effective treatment was available for these recurrent lesions. Therefore, the authors decided to use CED to infuse nimustine hydrochloride (ACNU) directly into the spinal cord. During the procedure, the infusion cannula was inserted into the spinal cord lesion under intraoperative computed tomography scan. RESULTS After ACNU CED, successive magnetic resonance imaging confirmed remarkable shrinkages of the tumors in both cases. However, the patient's preinfusion symptoms, including bilateral lower extremity weakness, did not change after the treatment. Importantly, overall survivals of the 2 patients were as long as 67 and 33 mo. CONCLUSION The authors report the first 2 cases of recurrent spinal cord high-grade glioma. ACNU CED dramatically regressed enhanced mass lesions and provided local tumor controls in the spinal cord.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiki Endo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tohoku University, Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan.,Department of Neurosurgery, Kohnan Hospital, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Tomoo Inoue
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sendai Medical Center, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Sugiyama
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tohoku University, Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Ryuta Saito
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tohoku University, Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Teiji Tominaga
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tohoku University, Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
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8
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Lu VM, Rechberger JS, Himes BT, Daniels DJ. The 100 Most-Cited Articles About Convection-Enhanced Delivery to the Brain: A Bibliometric Analysis. World Neurosurg 2019; 129:497-502.e6. [PMID: 31150865 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2019.05.179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Convection-enhanced delivery (CED) overcomes the blood-brain barrier to deliver therapy within the central nervous system. Our aim was to evaluate citation and other bibliometric characteristics of the 100 most-cited articles about CED to the brain to better understand the state of research efforts in the field. METHODS Elsevier's Scopus database was searched for the 100 most-cited articles that focused on CED to the brain. Articles were dichotomized as either primarily basic science (BSc) or clinical (CL) articles. Various bibliometric parameters were summarized, and BSc and CL articles were compared. RESULTS Of the 100 most-cited articles, 64 (64%) were BSc and 36 (36%) were CL. The most common indications reported were brain tumors (59%) and Parkinson disease (5%). Overall median values were as follows: citation count, 102 (range, 70-933); citation rate per year, 9.0 (range, 3.7-49.4); number of authors, 5 (range, 1-25); and publication year, 2006 (range, 1994-2015). Articles were published in a total of 48 different journals, and predominately originated in the United States (n = 78, 78%). BSc and CL articles were statistically comparable in terms of bibliometric parameters. CONCLUSIONS In the 100 most-cited articles about CED to the brain, there were more BSc articles compared with CL articles; however, they were comparable with respect to the reported bibliometric parameters. Given that the peak year of publication of these articles was more than a decade ago, we anticipate that the field will shift toward more CL articles once effective therapies to be delivered via CED are discovered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor M Lu
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | | | - Benjamin T Himes
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - David J Daniels
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.
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Shi M, Anantha M, Wehbe M, Bally MB, Fortin D, Roy LO, Charest G, Richer M, Paquette B, Sanche L. Liposomal formulations of carboplatin injected by convection-enhanced delivery increases the median survival time of F98 glioma bearing rats. J Nanobiotechnology 2018; 16:77. [PMID: 30290821 PMCID: PMC6172733 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-018-0404-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Effectiveness of chemotherapy for treating glioblastoma (GBM) brain tumors is hampered by the blood-brain barrier which limits the entry into the brain of most drugs from the blood. To bypass this barrier, convection-enhanced delivery (CED) was proposed to directly inject drugs in tumor. However, the benefit of CED may be hampered when drugs diffuse outside the tumor to then induce neurotoxicity. Encapsulation of drugs into liposome aims at increasing tumor cells specificity and reduces neurotoxicity. However, the most appropriate liposomal formulation to inject drugs into brain tumor by CED still remains to be determined. In this study, four liposomal carboplatin formulations were prepared and tested in vitro on F98 glioma cells and in Fischer rats carrying F98 tumor implanted in the brain. Impact of pegylation on liposomal surface and relevance of positive or negative charge were assessed. RESULTS The cationic non-pegylated (L1) and pegylated (L2) liposomes greatly improved the toxicity of carboplatin in vitro compared to free carboplatin, whereas only a modest improvement and even a reduction of efficiency were measured with the anionic non-pegylated (L3) and the pegylated (L4) liposomes. Conversely, only the L4 liposome significantly increased the median survival time of Fisher rats implanted with the F98 tumor, compared to free carboplatin. Neurotoxicity assays performed with the empty L4' liposome showed that the lipid components of L4 were not toxic. These results suggest that the positive charge on liposomes L1 and L2, which is known to promote binding to cell membrane, facilitates carboplatin accumulation in cancer cells explaining their higher efficacy in vitro. Conversely, negatively charged and pegylated liposome (L4) seems to diffuse over a larger distance in the tumor, and consequently significantly increased the median survival time of the animals. CONCLUSIONS Selection of the best liposomal formulation based on in vitro studies or animal model can result in contradictory conclusions. The negatively charged and pegylated liposome (L4) which was the less efficient formulation in vitro showed the best therapeutic effect in animal model of GBM. These results support that relevant animal model of GBM must be considered to determine the optimal physicochemical properties of liposomal formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghan Shi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Malathi Anantha
- Experimental Therapeutics, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Centre for Drug Research and Development, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Mohamed Wehbe
- Experimental Therapeutics, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Centre for Drug Research and Development, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Marcel B Bally
- Experimental Therapeutics, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Centre for Drug Research and Development, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - David Fortin
- Department of Surgery, Division of Neurosurgery, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Laurent-Olivier Roy
- Department of Pharmacology, Universitée de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Gabriel Charest
- Center for Research in Radiotherapy, Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiobiology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Maxime Richer
- Department of Pathology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Benoit Paquette
- Center for Research in Radiotherapy, Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiobiology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada.
| | - Léon Sanche
- Center for Research in Radiotherapy, Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiobiology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
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10
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Yu F, Asghar S, Zhang M, Zhang J, Ping Q, Xiao Y. Local strategies and delivery systems for the treatment of malignant gliomas. J Drug Target 2018; 27:367-378. [PMID: 30101621 DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2018.1509982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Glioma is one of the most common type of malignant tumours with high morbidity and mortality rates. Due to the particular features of the brain, such as blood-brain barrier or blood-tumour barrier, therapeutic agents are ineffective by systemic administration. The tumour inevitably recurs and devitalises patients. Herein, an overview of the localised gliomas treatment strategies is provided, including direct intratumoural/intracerebral injection, convection-enhanced delivery, and the implant of biodegradable polymer systems. The advantages and disadvantages of each therapy are discussed. Subsequently, we have reviewed the recent developments of therapeutic delivery systems aimed at transporting sufficient amounts of antineoplastic drugs into the brain tumour sites while minimising the potential side effects. To treat gliomas, localised and controlled delivery of drugs at their desired site of action is preferred as it reduces toxicity and increases treatment efficiency. Simultaneously, various drug delivery systems (DDS) have been used to enhance drug delivery to the brain. Use of non-conventional DDS for localised therapy has greatly expanded the spectrum of drugs available for the treatment of malignant tumours. Use smart DDS via localised delivery strategies, in combination with radiotherapy and multiple drug loading would serve as a promising approach to treat gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Yu
- a Department of Pharmaceutics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines , China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing , People's Republic of China
| | - Sajid Asghar
- b Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Government College University Faisalabad , Faisalabad , Pakistan
| | - Mei Zhang
- a Department of Pharmaceutics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines , China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing , People's Republic of China
| | - Jingwei Zhang
- a Department of Pharmaceutics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines , China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing , People's Republic of China
| | - Qineng Ping
- a Department of Pharmaceutics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines , China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing , People's Republic of China
| | - Yanyu Xiao
- a Department of Pharmaceutics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines , China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing , People's Republic of China
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11
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Singleton WGB, Bienemann AS, Woolley M, Johnson D, Lewis O, Wyatt MJ, Damment SJP, Boulter LJ, Killick-Cole CL, Asby DJ, Gill SS. The distribution, clearance, and brainstem toxicity of panobinostat administered by convection-enhanced delivery. J Neurosurg Pediatr 2018; 22:288-296. [PMID: 29856296 DOI: 10.3171/2018.2.peds17663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The pan-histone deacetylase inhibitor panobinostat has preclinical efficacy against diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG), and the oral formulation has entered a Phase I clinical trial. However, panobinostat does not cross the blood-brain barrier in humans. Convection-enhanced delivery (CED) is a novel neurosurgical drug delivery technique that bypasses the blood-brain barrier and is of considerable clinical interest in the treatment of DIPG. METHODS The authors investigated the toxicity, distribution, and clearance of a water-soluble formulation of panobinostat (MTX110) in a small- and large-animal model of CED. Juvenile male Wistar rats (n = 24) received panobinostat administered to the pons by CED at increasing concentrations and findings were compared to those in animals that received vehicle alone (n = 12). Clinical observation continued for 2 weeks. Animals were sacrificed at 72 hours or 2 weeks following treatment, and the brains were subjected to neuropathological analysis. A further 8 animals received panobinostat by CED to the striatum and were sacrificed 0, 2, 6, or 24 hours after infusion, and their brains explanted and snap-frozen. Tissue-drug concentration was determined by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Large-animal toxicity was investigated using a clinically relevant MRI-guided translational porcine model of CED in which a drug delivery system designed for humans was used. Panobinostat was administered at 30 μM to the ventral pons of 2 juvenile Large White-Landrace cross pigs. The animals were subjected to clinical and neuropathological analysis, and findings were compared to those obtained in controls after either 1 or 2 weeks. Drug distribution was determined by LC-MS/MS in porcine white and gray matter immediately after CED. RESULTS There were no clinical or neuropathological signs of toxicity up to an infused concentration of 30 μM in both small- and large-animal models. The half-life of panobinostat in rat brain after CED was 2.9 hours, and the drug was observed to be distributed in porcine white and gray matter with a volume infusion/distribution ratio of 2 and 3, respectively. CONCLUSIONS CED of water-soluble panobinostat, up to a concentration of 30 μM, was not toxic and was distributed effectively in normal brain. CED of panobinostat warrants clinical investigation in patients with DIPG.
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Affiliation(s)
- William G B Singleton
- 1Functional Neurosurgery Research Group, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol
| | - Alison S Bienemann
- 1Functional Neurosurgery Research Group, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol
| | - Max Woolley
- 1Functional Neurosurgery Research Group, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol.,2Neurological Applications Department, Renishaw PLC, Wotton under Edge, Gloucestershire; and
| | - David Johnson
- 1Functional Neurosurgery Research Group, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol.,2Neurological Applications Department, Renishaw PLC, Wotton under Edge, Gloucestershire; and
| | - Owen Lewis
- 2Neurological Applications Department, Renishaw PLC, Wotton under Edge, Gloucestershire; and
| | - Marcella J Wyatt
- 1Functional Neurosurgery Research Group, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol
| | | | - Lisa J Boulter
- 1Functional Neurosurgery Research Group, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol
| | - Clare L Killick-Cole
- 1Functional Neurosurgery Research Group, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol
| | - Daniel J Asby
- 1Functional Neurosurgery Research Group, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol
| | - Steven S Gill
- 1Functional Neurosurgery Research Group, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol.,2Neurological Applications Department, Renishaw PLC, Wotton under Edge, Gloucestershire; and
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12
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El-Khouly FE, van Vuurden DG, Stroink T, Hulleman E, Kaspers GJL, Hendrikse NH, Veldhuijzen van Zanten SEM. Effective Drug Delivery in Diffuse Intrinsic Pontine Glioma: A Theoretical Model to Identify Potential Candidates. Front Oncol 2017; 7:254. [PMID: 29164054 PMCID: PMC5670105 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2017.00254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite decades of clinical trials for diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG), patient survival does not exceed 10% at two years post-diagnosis. Lack of benefit from systemic chemotherapy may be attributed to an intact bloodbrain barrier (BBB). We aim to develop a theoretical model including relevant physicochemical properties in order to review whether applied chemotherapeutics are suitable for passive diffusion through an intact BBB or whether local administration via convection-enhanced delivery (CED) may increase their therapeutic potential. Physicochemical properties (lipophilicity, molecular weight, and charge in physiological environment) of anticancer drugs historically and currently administered to DIPG patients, that affect passive diffusion over the BBB, were included in the model. Subsequently, the likelihood of BBB passage of these drugs was ascertained, as well as their potential for intratumoral administration via CED. As only non-molecularly charged, lipophilic, and relatively small sized drugs are likely to passively diffuse through the BBB, out of 51 drugs modeled, only 8 (15%)-carmustine, lomustine, erlotinib, vismodegib, lenalomide, thalidomide, vorinostat, and mebendazole-are theoretically qualified for systemic administration in DIPG. Local administration via CED might create more therapeutic options, excluding only positively charged drugs and drugs that are either prodrugs and/or only available as oral formulation. A wide variety of drugs have been administered systemically to DIPG patients. Our model shows that only few are likely to penetrate the BBB via passive diffusion, which may partly explain the lack of efficacy. Drug distribution via CED is less dependent on physicochemical properties and may increase the therapeutic options for DIPG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma E El-Khouly
- Department of Pediatric Oncology - Hematology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacy, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Dannis G van Vuurden
- Department of Pediatric Oncology - Hematology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Thom Stroink
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Esther Hulleman
- Department of Pediatric Oncology - Hematology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Gertjan J L Kaspers
- Department of Pediatric Oncology - Hematology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - N Harry Hendrikse
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacy, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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13
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The brain interstitial system: Anatomy, modeling, in vivo measurement, and applications. Prog Neurobiol 2017; 157:230-246. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2015.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Revised: 11/18/2015] [Accepted: 12/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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14
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Seo YE, Bu T, Saltzman WM. Nanomaterials for convection-enhanced delivery of agents to treat brain tumors. CURRENT OPINION IN BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING 2017; 4:1-12. [PMID: 29333521 DOI: 10.1016/j.cobme.2017.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Nanomaterials represent a promising and versatile platform for the delivery of therapeutics to the brain. Treatment of brain tumors has been a long-standing challenge in the field of neuro-oncology. The current standard of care - a multimodal approach of surgery, radiation and chemotherapy - yields only a modest therapeutic benefit for patients with malignant gliomas. A major obstacle for treatment is the failure to achieve sufficient delivery of therapeutics at the tumor site. Recent advances in local drug delivery techniques, along with the development of highly effective brain-penetrating nanocarriers, have significantly improved treatment and imaging of brain tumors in preclinical studies. The major advantage of this combined strategy is the ability to optimize local therapy, by maintaining an effective and sustained concentration of therapeutics in the brain with minimal systemic toxicity. This review highlights some of the latest developments, significant advancements and current challenges in local delivery of nanomaterials for the treatment of brain tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Eun Seo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Tom Bu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - W Mark Saltzman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
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15
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Singh R, Bellat V, Wang M, Schweitzer ME, Wu YL, Tung CH, Souweidane MM, Law B. Volume of distribution and clearance of peptide-based nanofiber after convection-enhanced delivery. J Neurosurg 2017; 129:10-18. [PMID: 28885119 DOI: 10.3171/2017.2.jns162273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Drug clearance may be a limiting factor in the clinical application of convection-enhanced delivery (CED). Peptide-based nanofibers (NFPs) have a high aspect ratio, and NFPs loaded with drugs could potentially maintain effective drug concentrations for an extended period sufficient for cancer therapy. The objective of this study was to assess the volume of distribution (Vd) and clearance of variable lengths of NFPs when administered using CED. METHODS NFPs composed of multiple methoxypolyethylene glycol (mPEG)-conjugated constructs (mPEG2000-KLDLKLDLKLDL-K( FITC)-CONH2, for which FITC is fluorescein isothiocyanate) were assembled in an aqueous buffer. The NFPs were approximately 5 nm in width and were formulated into different lengths: 100 nm (NFP-100), 400 nm (NFP-400), and 1000 nm (NFP-1000). The NFP surface was covalently conjugated with multiple Cy5.5 fluorophores as the optical reporters to track the post-CED distribution. Forty-two 6- to 8-week-old Ntv-a;p53fl/fl mice underwent CED to the striatum. Animals were killed immediately, 24 hours or 72 hours after CED. The brains were extracted and sectioned for assessing NFP Vd to volume of infusion (Vi) ratio, and clearance using fluorescence microscopy. RESULTS CED of NFPs was well tolerated by all the animals. The average Vd/Vi ratios for NFP-100, NFP-400, NFP-1000, and unconjugated positive control (free Cy5.5) were 1.87, 2.47, 1.07, and 3.0, respectively, which were statistically different (p = 0.003). The percentages remaining of the original infusion volume at 24 hours for NFP-100, -400, and -1000 were 40%, 90%, and 74%, respectively. The percentages remaining at 72 hours for NFP-100, -400, and -1000 were 15%, 30%, and 46%, respectively. Unconjugated Cy5.5 was not detected at 24 or 72 hours after CED. CONCLUSIONS CED of NFPs is feasible with Vd/Vi ratios and clearance rates comparable to other nanocarriers. Of the 3 NFPs, NFP-400 appears to provide the best distribution and slowest clearance after 24 hours. NFP provides a dynamic theranostic platform, with the potential to deliver clinically efficacious drug payload to brain tumor after CED.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vanessa Bellat
- 2Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Innovations Institute, and
| | | | | | | | - Ching-Hsuan Tung
- 2Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Innovations Institute, and
| | - Mark M Souweidane
- 1Department of Neurological Surgery.,3Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Benedict Law
- 2Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Innovations Institute, and
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16
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Nordling-David MM, Yaffe R, Guez D, Meirow H, Last D, Grad E, Salomon S, Sharabi S, Levi-Kalisman Y, Golomb G, Mardor Y. Liposomal temozolomide drug delivery using convection enhanced delivery. J Control Release 2017; 261:138-146. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2017.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Revised: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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17
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Zhang C, Mastorakos P, Sobral M, Berry S, Song E, Nance E, Eberhart CG, Hanes J, Suk JS. Strategies to enhance the distribution of nanotherapeutics in the brain. J Control Release 2017; 267:232-239. [PMID: 28739449 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2017.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Revised: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Convection enhanced delivery (CED) provides a powerful means to bypass the blood-brain barrier and drive widespread distribution of therapeutics in brain parenchyma away from the point of local administration. However, recent studies have detailed that the overall distribution of therapeutic nanoparticles (NP) following CED remains poor due to tissue inhomogeneity and anatomical barriers present in the brain, which has limited its translational applicability. Using probe NP, we first demonstrate that a significantly improved brain distribution is achieved by infusing small, non-adhesive NP via CED in a hyperosmolar infusate solution. This multimodal delivery strategy minimizes the hindrance of NP diffusion imposed by the brain extracellular matrix and reduces NP confinement within the perivascular spaces. We further recapitulate the distributions achieved by CED of this probe NP using a most widely explored biodegradable polymer-based drug delivery NP. These findings provide a strategy to overcome several key limitations of CED that have been previously observed in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clark Zhang
- Center for Nanomedicine at the Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, United States; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States
| | - Panagiotis Mastorakos
- Center for Nanomedicine at the Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, United States; Department of Ophthalmology, The Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, United States
| | - Miguel Sobral
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States
| | - Sneha Berry
- Zanvyl Krieger School of Arts and Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, United States
| | - Eric Song
- Zanvyl Krieger School of Arts and Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, United States
| | - Elizabeth Nance
- Center for Nanomedicine at the Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, United States; Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, United States
| | - Charles G Eberhart
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, United States
| | - Justin Hanes
- Center for Nanomedicine at the Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, United States; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States; Department of Ophthalmology, The Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, United States; Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, United States; Department of Pharmacology & Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, United States
| | - Jung Soo Suk
- Center for Nanomedicine at the Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, United States; Department of Ophthalmology, The Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, United States.
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18
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Convection-enhanced delivery of a hydrophilic nitrosourea ameliorates deficits and suppresses tumor growth in experimental spinal cord glioma models. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2017; 159:939-946. [PMID: 28247160 DOI: 10.1007/s00701-017-3123-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Convection-enhanced delivery (CED) is a technique allowing local infusion of therapeutic agents into the central nervous system, circumventing the blood-brain or spinal cord barrier. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the utility of nimustine hydrochloride (ACNU) CED in controlling tumor progression in an experimental spinal cord glioma model. METHODS Toxicity studies were performed in 42 rats following the administration of 4 μl of ACNU CED into the mid-thoracic spinal cord at concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 10 mg/ml. Behavioral analyses and histological evaluations were performed to assess ACNU toxicity in the spinal cord. A survival study was performed in 32 rats following the implantation of 9 L cells into the T8 spinal cord. Seven days after the implantation, rats were assigned to four groups: ACNU CED (0.25 mg/ml; n = 8); ACNU intravenous (i.v.) (0.4 mg; n = 8); saline CED (n = 8); saline i.v. (n = 8). Hind limb movements were evaluated daily in all rats for 21 days. Tumor sizes were measured histologically. RESULTS The maximum tolerated ACNU concentration was 0.25 mg/ml. Preservation of hind limb motor function and tumor growth suppression was observed in the ACNU CED (0.25 mg/ml) and ACNU i.v. groups. Antitumor effects were more prominent in the ACNU CED group especially in behavioral analyses (P < 0.05; log-rank test). CONCLUSIONS ACNU CED had efficacy in controlling tumor growth and preserving neurological function in an experimental spinal cord tumor model. ACNU CED can be a viable treatment option for spinal cord high-grade glioma.
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Sewing ACP, Lagerweij T, van Vuurden DG, Meel MH, Veringa SJE, Carcaboso AM, Gaillard PJ, Peter Vandertop W, Wesseling P, Noske D, Kaspers GJL, Hulleman E. Preclinical evaluation of convection-enhanced delivery of liposomal doxorubicin to treat pediatric diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma and thalamic high-grade glioma. J Neurosurg Pediatr 2017; 19:518-530. [PMID: 28291423 DOI: 10.3171/2016.9.peds16152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Pediatric high-grade gliomas (pHGGs) including diffuse intrinsic pontine gliomas (DIPGs) are primary brain tumors with high mortality and morbidity. Because of their poor brain penetrance, systemic chemotherapy regimens have failed to deliver satisfactory results; however, convection-enhanced delivery (CED) may be an alternative mode of drug delivery. Anthracyclines are potent chemotherapeutics that have been successfully delivered via CED in preclinical supratentorial glioma models. This study aims to assess the potency of anthracyclines against DIPG and pHGG cell lines in vitro and to evaluate the efficacy of CED with anthracyclines in orthotopic pontine and thalamic tumor models. METHODS The sensitivity of primary pHGG cell lines to a range of anthracyclines was tested in vitro. Preclinical CED of free doxorubicin and pegylated liposomal doxorubicin (PLD) to the brainstem and thalamus of naïve nude mice was performed. The maximum tolerated dose (MTD) was determined based on the observation of clinical symptoms, and brains were analyzed after H & E staining. Efficacy of the MTD was tested in adult glioma E98-FM-DIPG and E98-FM-thalamus models and in the HSJD-DIPG-007-Fluc primary DIPG model. RESULTS Both pHGG and DIPG cells were sensitive to anthracyclines in vitro. Doxorubicin was selected for further preclinical evaluation. Convection-enhanced delivery of the MTD of free doxorubicin and PLD in the pons was 0.02 mg/ml, and the dose tolerated in the thalamus was 10 times higher (0.2 mg/ml). Free doxorubicin or PLD via CED was ineffective against E98-FM-DIPG or HSJD-DIPG-007-Fluc in the brainstem; however, when applied in the thalamus, 0.2 mg/ml of PLD slowed down tumor growth and increased survival in a subset of animals with small tumors. CONCLUSIONS Local delivery of doxorubicin to the brainstem causes severe toxicity, even at doxorubicin concentrations that are safe in the thalamus. As a consequence, the authors could not establish a therapeutic window for treating orthotopic brainstem tumors in mice. For tumors in the thalamus, therapeutic concentrations to slow down tumor growth could be reached. These data suggest that anatomical location determines the severity of toxicity after local delivery of therapeutic agents and that caution should be used when translating data from supratentorial CED studies to treat infratentorial tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Charlotte P Sewing
- Departments of 1 Pediatric Oncology.,Neuro-Oncology Research Group.,Brain Tumor Center Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam
| | - Tonny Lagerweij
- Neurosurgery, and.,Neuro-Oncology Research Group.,Brain Tumor Center Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam
| | - Dannis G van Vuurden
- Departments of 1 Pediatric Oncology.,Neuro-Oncology Research Group.,Brain Tumor Center Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam
| | - Michaël H Meel
- Departments of 1 Pediatric Oncology.,Neurosurgery, and.,Brain Tumor Center Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam
| | - Susanna J E Veringa
- Departments of 1 Pediatric Oncology.,Neuro-Oncology Research Group.,Brain Tumor Center Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam
| | - Angel M Carcaboso
- Preclinical Therapeutics and Drug Delivery Research Program, Department of Oncology, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - W Peter Vandertop
- Neurosurgery, and.,Brain Tumor Center Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam
| | - Pieter Wesseling
- Pathology.,Neuro-Oncology Research Group.,Brain Tumor Center Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam.,2-BBB Medicines, Leiden.,Department of Pathology, RadboudUMC, Nijmegen
| | - David Noske
- Neurosurgery, and.,Neuro-Oncology Research Group.,Brain Tumor Center Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam
| | - Gertjan J L Kaspers
- Neuro-Oncology Research Group.,Academy of Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands ; and
| | - Esther Hulleman
- Departments of 1 Pediatric Oncology.,Neuro-Oncology Research Group.,Brain Tumor Center Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam
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20
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Singleton WG, Collins AM, Bienemann AS, Killick-Cole CL, Haynes HR, Asby DJ, Butts CP, Wyatt MJ, Barua NU, Gill SS. Convection enhanced delivery of panobinostat (LBH589)-loaded pluronic nano-micelles prolongs survival in the F98 rat glioma model. Int J Nanomedicine 2017; 12:1385-1399. [PMID: 28260886 PMCID: PMC5327904 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s125300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The pan-histone deacetylase inhibitor panobinostat is a potential therapy for malignant glioma, but it is water insoluble and does not cross the blood–brain barrier when administered systemically. In this article, we describe the in vitro and in vivo efficacy of a novel water-soluble nano-micellar formulation of panobinostat designed for administration by convection enhanced delivery (CED). Materials and methods The in vitro efficacy of panobinostat-loaded nano-micelles against rat F98, human U87-MG and M059K glioma cells and against patient-derived glioma stem cells was measured using a cell viability assay. Nano-micelle distribution in rat brain was analyzed following acute CED using rhodamine-labeled nano-micelles, and toxicity was assayed using immunofluorescent microscopy and synaptophysin enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. We compared the survival of the bioluminescent syngenic F98/Fischer344 rat glioblastoma model treated by acute CED of panobinostat-loaded nano-micelles with that of untreated and vehicle-only-treated controls. Results Nano-micellar panobinostat is cytotoxic to rat and human glioma cells in vitro in a dose-dependent manner following short-time exposure to drug. Fluorescent rhodamine-labelled nano-micelles distribute with a volume of infusion/volume of distribution (Vi/Vd) ratio of four and five respectively after administration by CED. Administration was not associated with any toxicity when compared to controls. CED of panobinostat-loaded nano-micelles was associated with significantly improved survival when compared to controls (n=8 per group; log-rank test, P<0.001). One hundred percent of treated animals survived the 60-day experimental period and had tumour response on post-mortem histological examination. Conclusion CED of nano-micellar panobinostat represents a potential novel therapeutic option for malignant glioma and warrants translation into the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- W G Singleton
- Functional Neurosurgery Research Group, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol; Department of Neurosurgery, North Bristol NHS Trust
| | - A M Collins
- Bristol Centre for Functional Nanomaterials, School of Physics, HH Wills Physics Laboratory
| | - A S Bienemann
- Functional Neurosurgery Research Group, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol
| | - C L Killick-Cole
- Functional Neurosurgery Research Group, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol
| | - H R Haynes
- Brain Tumour Research Group, School of Clinical Sciences
| | - D J Asby
- Functional Neurosurgery Research Group, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol
| | - C P Butts
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - M J Wyatt
- Functional Neurosurgery Research Group, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol
| | - N U Barua
- Functional Neurosurgery Research Group, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol; Department of Neurosurgery, North Bristol NHS Trust
| | - S S Gill
- Functional Neurosurgery Research Group, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol; Department of Neurosurgery, North Bristol NHS Trust
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Zhou Z, Singh R, Souweidane MM. Convection-Enhanced Delivery for Diffuse Intrinsic Pontine Glioma Treatment. Curr Neuropharmacol 2017; 15:116-128. [PMID: 27306036 PMCID: PMC5327456 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x14666160614093615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2014] [Revised: 01/29/2015] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Convection-enhanced delivery (CED) is a technique designed to deliver drugs directly into the brain or tumors. Its ability to bypass the blood-brain barrier (BBB), one of the major hurdles in delivering drugs to the brain, has made it a promising drug delivery method for the treatment of primary brain tumors. A number of clinical trials utilizing CED of various therapeutic agents have been conducted to treat patients with supratentorial high-grade gliomas. Significant responses have been observed in certain patients in all of these trials. However, the insufficient ability to monitor drug distribution and pharmacokinetics hampers CED from achieving its potentials on a larger scale. Brainstem CED for diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG) treatment is appealing because this tumor is compact and has no definitive treatment. The safety of brainstem CED has been established in small and large animals, and recently in early stage clinical trials. There are a few current clinical trials of brainstem CED in treating DIPG patients using targeted macromolecules such as antibodies and immunotoxins. Future advances for CED in DIPG treatment will come from several directions including: choosing the right agents for infusion; developing better agents and regimen for DIPG infusion; improving instruments and technique for easier and accurate surgical targeting and for allowing multisession or prolonged infusion to implement optimal time sequence; and better understanding and control of drug distribution, clearance and time sequence. CED-based therapies for DIPG will continue to evolve with new understanding of the technique and the disease.
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Saito R, Tominaga T. Convection-enhanced Delivery of Therapeutics for Malignant Gliomas. Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo) 2016; 57:8-16. [PMID: 27980285 PMCID: PMC5243160 DOI: 10.2176/nmc.ra.2016-0071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Convection-enhanced delivery (CED) circumvents the blood–brain barrier by delivering agents directly into the tumor and surrounding parenchyma. CED can achieve large volumes of distribution by continuous positive-pressure infusion. Although promising as an effective drug delivery method in concept, the administration of therapeutic agents via CED is not without challenges. Limitations of distribution remain a problem in large brains, such as those of humans. Accurate and consistent delivery of an agent is another challenge associated with CED. Similar to the difficulties caused by immunosuppressive environments associated with gliomas, there are several mechanisms that make effective local drug distribution difficult in malignant gliomas. In this review, methods for local drug application targeting gliomas are discussed with special emphasis on CED. Although early clinical trials have failed to demonstrate the efficacy of CED against gliomas, CED potentially can be a platform for translating the molecular understanding of glioblastomas achieved in the laboratory into effective clinical treatments. Several clinical studies using CED of chemotherapeutic agents are ongoing. Successful delivery of effective agents should prove the efficacy of CED in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryuta Saito
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine
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Rip J. Liposome technologies and drug delivery to the CNS. DRUG DISCOVERY TODAY. TECHNOLOGIES 2016; 20:53-58. [PMID: 27986225 DOI: 10.1016/j.ddtec.2016.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Brain and nervous system disorders represent a large unmet medical need. Central nervous system drug development is hampered by the restricted transport of drugs across the blood-brain barrier. Different strategies to deliver drugs to the brain have been developed. We discuss the current status of development of liposomal drug delivery to the brain. There is a growing interest in targeted delivery of liposomes to the brain and much progress has been made towards successful development of novel treatments for patients with devastating brain diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaap Rip
- Eyesiu Medicines BV, J.H. Oortweg 19, 2333CH Leiden, The Netherlands
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Curtis C, Zhang M, Liao R, Wood T, Nance E. Systems-level thinking for nanoparticle-mediated therapeutic delivery to neurological diseases. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2016; 9. [PMID: 27562224 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2016] [Revised: 06/27/2016] [Accepted: 07/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Neurological diseases account for 13% of the global burden of disease. As a result, treating these diseases costs $750 billion a year. Nanotechnology, which consists of small (~1-100 nm) but highly tailorable platforms, can provide significant opportunities for improving therapeutic delivery to the brain. Nanoparticles can increase drug solubility, overcome the blood-brain and brain penetration barriers, and provide timed release of a drug at a site of interest. Many researchers have successfully used nanotechnology to overcome individual barriers to therapeutic delivery to the brain, yet no platform has translated into a standard of care for any neurological disease. The challenge in translating nanotechnology platforms into clinical use for patients with neurological disease necessitates a new approach to: (1) collect information from the fields associated with understanding and treating brain diseases and (2) apply that information using scalable technologies in a clinically-relevant way. This approach requires systems-level thinking to integrate an understanding of biological barriers to therapeutic intervention in the brain with the engineering of nanoparticle material properties to overcome those barriers. To demonstrate how a systems perspective can tackle the challenge of treating neurological diseases using nanotechnology, this review will first present physiological barriers to drug delivery in the brain and common neurological disease hallmarks that influence these barriers. We will then analyze the design of nanotechnology platforms in preclinical in vivo efficacy studies for treatment of neurological disease, and map concepts for the interaction of nanoparticle physicochemical properties and pathophysiological hallmarks in the brain. WIREs Nanomed Nanobiotechnol 2017, 9:e1422. doi: 10.1002/wnan.1422 For further resources related to this article, please visit the WIREs website.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chad Curtis
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Mengying Zhang
- Molecular Engineering and Sciences Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Rick Liao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Thomas Wood
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Elizabeth Nance
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.,Molecular Engineering and Sciences Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.,Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.,Center on Human Development and Disability, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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25
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Distribution of polymer nanoparticles by convection-enhanced delivery to brain tumors. J Control Release 2016; 232:103-12. [PMID: 27063424 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2016.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2016] [Revised: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a fatal brain tumor characterized by infiltration beyond the margins of the main tumor mass and local recurrence after surgery. The blood-brain barrier (BBB) poses the most significant hurdle to brain tumor treatment. Convection-enhanced delivery (CED) allows for local administration of agents, overcoming the restrictions of the BBB. Recently, polymer nanoparticles have been demonstrated to penetrate readily through the healthy brain when delivered by CED, and size has been shown to be a critical factor for nanoparticle penetration. Because these brain-penetrating nanoparticles (BPNPs) have high potential for treatment of intracranial tumors since they offer the potential for cell targeting and controlled drug release after administration, here we investigated the intratumoral CED infusions of PLGA BPNPs in animals bearing either U87 or RG2 intracranial tumors. We demonstrate that the overall volume of distribution of these BPNPs was similar to that observed in healthy brains; however, the presence of tumors resulted in asymmetric and heterogeneous distribution patterns, with substantial leakage into the peritumoral tissue. Together, our results suggest that CED of BPNPs should be optimized by accounting for tumor geometry, in terms of location, size and presence of necrotic regions, to determine the ideal infusion site and parameters for individual tumors.
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Goins B, Phillips WT, Bao A. Strategies for improving the intratumoral distribution of liposomal drugs in cancer therapy. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2016; 13:873-89. [PMID: 26981891 DOI: 10.1517/17425247.2016.1167035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A major limitation of current liposomal cancer therapies is the inability of liposome therapeutics to penetrate throughout the entire tumor mass. This inhomogeneous distribution of liposome therapeutics within the tumor has been linked to treatment failure and drug resistance. Both liposome particle transport properties and tumor microenvironment characteristics contribute to this challenge in cancer therapy. This limitation is relevant to both intravenously and intratumorally administered liposome therapeutics. AREAS COVERED Strategies to improve the intratumoral distribution of liposome therapeutics are described. Combination therapies of intravenous liposome therapeutics with pharmacologic agents modulating abnormal tumor vasculature, interstitial fluid pressure, extracellular matrix components, and tumor associated macrophages are discussed. Combination therapies using external stimuli (hyperthermia, radiofrequency ablation, magnetic field, radiation, and ultrasound) with intravenous liposome therapeutics are discussed. Intratumoral convection-enhanced delivery (CED) of liposomal therapeutics is reviewed. EXPERT OPINION Optimization of the combination therapies and drug delivery protocols are necessary. Further research should be conducted in appropriate cancer types with consideration of physiochemical features of liposomes and their timing sequence. More investigation of the role of tumor associated macrophages in intratumoral distribution is warranted. Intratumoral infusion of liposomes using CED is a promising approach to improve their distribution within the tumor mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beth Goins
- a Department of Radiology , University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio , San Antonio , TX , USA
| | - William T Phillips
- a Department of Radiology , University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio , San Antonio , TX , USA
| | - Ande Bao
- b Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University/University Hospitals Case Medical Center , Cleveland , OH , USA
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Jahangiri A, Chin AT, Flanigan PM, Chen R, Bankiewicz K, Aghi MK. Convection-enhanced delivery in glioblastoma: a review of preclinical and clinical studies. J Neurosurg 2016; 126:191-200. [PMID: 27035164 DOI: 10.3171/2016.1.jns151591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma is the most common malignant brain tumor, and it carries an extremely poor prognosis. Attempts to develop targeted therapies have been hindered because the blood-brain barrier prevents many drugs from reaching tumors cells. Furthermore, systemic toxicity of drugs often limits their therapeutic potential. A number of alternative methods of delivery have been developed, one of which is convection-enhanced delivery (CED), the focus of this review. The authors describe CED as a therapeutic measure and review preclinical studies and the most prominent clinical trials of CED in the treatment of glioblastoma. The utilization of this technique for the delivery of a variety of agents is covered, and its shortcomings and challenges are discussed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arman Jahangiri
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Aaron T Chin
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Patrick M Flanigan
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Rebecca Chen
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Krystof Bankiewicz
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Manish K Aghi
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California
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28
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Exosomes as Tools to Suppress Primary Brain Tumor. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2016; 36:343-52. [PMID: 26983831 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-015-0280-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Exosomes are small microvesicles released by cells that efficiently transfer their molecular cargo to other cells, including tumor. Exosomes may pass the blood-brain barrier and have been demonstrated to deliver RNAs contained within to brain. As they are non-viable, the risk profile of exosomes is thought to be less than that of cellular therapies. Exosomes can be manufactured at scale in culture, and exosomes can be engineered to incorporate therapeutic miRNAs, siRNAs, or chemotherapeutic molecules. As natural biological delivery vehicles, interest in the use of exosomes as therapeutic delivery agents is growing. We previously demonstrated a novel treatment whereby mesenchymal stromal cells were employed to package tumor-suppressing miR-146b into exosomes, which were then used to reduce malignant glioma growth in rat. The use of exosomes to raise the immune system against tumor is also drawing interest. Exosomes from dendritic cells which are antigen-presenting, and have been used for treatment of brain tumor may be divided into three categories: (1) exosomes for immunomodulation-based therapy, (2) exosomes as delivery vehicles for anti-tumor nucleotides, and (3) exosomes as drug delivery vehicles. Here, we will provide an overview of these three applications of exosomes to treat brain tumor, and examine their prospects on the long road to clinical use.
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29
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Lewis O, Woolley M, Johnson D, Rosser A, Barua NU, Bienemann AS, Gill SS, Evans S. Chronic, intermittent convection-enhanced delivery devices. J Neurosci Methods 2016; 259:47-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2015.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2015] [Revised: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 11/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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30
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Nash KR, Gordon MN. Convection Enhanced Delivery of Recombinant Adeno-associated Virus into the Mouse Brain. Methods Mol Biol 2016; 1382:285-95. [PMID: 26611595 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-3271-9_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) has become an extremely useful tool for the study of gene over expression or knockdown in the central nervous system of experimental animals. One disadvantage of intracranial injections of rAAV vectors into the brain parenchyma has been restricted distribution to relatively small volumes of the brain. Convection enhanced delivery (CED) is a method for delivery of clinically relevant amounts of therapeutic agents to large areas of the brain in a direct intracranial injection procedure. CED uses bulk flow to increase the hydrostatic pressure and thus improve volume distribution. The CED method has shown robust gene transfer and increased distribution within the CNS and can be successfully used for different serotypes of rAAV for increased transduction of the mouse CNS. This chapter details the surgical injection of rAAV by CED into a mouse brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin R Nash
- Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology Department, Byrd Alzheimer Institute, University of South Florida, 4001 E. Fletcher Ave., Tampa, FL, 33613, USA.
| | - Marcia N Gordon
- Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology Department, Byrd Alzheimer Institute, University of South Florida, 4001 E. Fletcher Ave., Tampa, FL, 33613, USA
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Abstract
This chapter will review the challenges in pharmacotherapy in primary brain tumors that include the presence of the blood-brain barrier, a blood-tumor barrier, active drug efflux pumps, and high plasma protein binding of agents. The approaches to improve the delivery of drugs to the brain will be discussed. Often the management of brain tumors involves the use of corticosteroids and enzyme-inducing antiseizure medications that can have significant drug interactions that may impact the efficacy or toxicity of drugs used to treat these patients. Various techniques used to assess drug distribution to the brain will be reviewed.
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Zhang R, Saito R, Mano Y, Sumiyoshi A, Kanamori M, Sonoda Y, Kawashima R, Tominaga T. Convection-enhanced delivery of SN-38-loaded polymeric micelles (NK012) enables consistent distribution of SN-38 and is effective against rodent intracranial brain tumor models. Drug Deliv 2015; 23:2780-2786. [PMID: 26330269 DOI: 10.3109/10717544.2015.1081994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Convection-enhanced delivery (CED) of therapeutic agents is a promising local delivery technique that has been extensively studied as a treatment for CNS diseases over the last two decades. One continuing challenge of CED is accurate and consistent delivery of the agents to the target. The present study focused on a new type of therapeutic agent, NK012, a novel SN-38-loaded polymeric micelle. Local delivery profiles of NK012 and SN-38 were studied using rodent brain and intracranial rodent brain tumor models. First, the cytotoxicity of NK012 against glioma cell lines was determined in vitro. Proliferations of glioma cells were significantly reduced after exposure to NK012. Then, the distribution and local toxicity after CED delivery of NK012 and SN-38 were evaluated in vivo. Volume of distribution of NK012 after CED was much larger than that of SN-38. Histological examination revealed minimum brain tissue damage in rat brains after delivery of 40 µg NK012 but severe damage with SN-38 at the same dose. Subsequently, the efficacy of NK012 delivered via CED was tested in 9L and U87MG rodent orthotopic brain tumor models. CED of NK012 displayed excellent efficacy in the 9L and U87MG orthotopic brain tumor models. Furthermore, NK012 and gadolinium diamide were co-delivered via CED to monitor the NK012 distribution using MRI. Volume of NK012 distribution evaluated by histology and MRI showed excellent agreement. CED of NK012 represents an effective treatment option for malignant gliomas. MRI-guided CED of NK012 has potential for clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Zhang
- a Department of Neurosurgery , Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine , Sendai , Miyagi , Japan and
| | - Ryuta Saito
- a Department of Neurosurgery , Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine , Sendai , Miyagi , Japan and
| | - Yui Mano
- a Department of Neurosurgery , Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine , Sendai , Miyagi , Japan and
| | - Akira Sumiyoshi
- b Department of Functional Brain Imaging , Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University , Sendai , Miyagi , Japan
| | - Masayuki Kanamori
- a Department of Neurosurgery , Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine , Sendai , Miyagi , Japan and
| | - Yukihiko Sonoda
- a Department of Neurosurgery , Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine , Sendai , Miyagi , Japan and
| | - Ryuta Kawashima
- b Department of Functional Brain Imaging , Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University , Sendai , Miyagi , Japan
| | - Teiji Tominaga
- a Department of Neurosurgery , Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine , Sendai , Miyagi , Japan and
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Arshad A, Yang B, Bienemann AS, Barua NU, Wyatt MJ, Woolley M, Johnson DE, Edler KJ, Gill SS. Convection-Enhanced Delivery of Carboplatin PLGA Nanoparticles for the Treatment of Glioblastoma. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0132266. [PMID: 26186224 PMCID: PMC4506141 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0132266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2014] [Accepted: 06/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
We currently use Convection-Enhanced Delivery (CED) of the platinum-based drug, carboplatin as a novel treatment strategy for high grade glioblastoma in adults and children. Although initial results show promise, carboplatin is not specifically toxic to tumour cells and has been associated with neurotoxicity at high infused concentrations in pre-clinical studies. Our treatment strategy requires intermittent infusions due to rapid clearance of carboplatin from the brain. In this study, carboplatin was encapsulated in lactic acid-glycolic acid copolymer (PLGA) to develop a novel drug delivery system. Neuronal and tumour cytotoxicity were assessed in primary neuronal and glioblastoma cell cultures. Distribution, tissue clearance and toxicity of carboplatin nanoparticles following CED was assessed in rat and porcine models. Carboplatin nanoparticles conferred greater tumour cytotoxicity, reduced neuronal toxicity and prolonged tissue half-life. In conclusion, this drug delivery system has the potential to improve the prognosis for patients with glioblastomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azeem Arshad
- Functional Neurosurgery Research Group, School of Clinical Sciences, Bristol University, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Bin Yang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
| | - Alison S. Bienemann
- Functional Neurosurgery Research Group, School of Clinical Sciences, Bristol University, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Neil U. Barua
- Functional Neurosurgery Research Group, School of Clinical Sciences, Bristol University, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Marcella J. Wyatt
- Functional Neurosurgery Research Group, School of Clinical Sciences, Bristol University, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Max Woolley
- Neurological Applications Division, Renishaw Plc, Gloucestershire, United Kingdom
| | - Dave E. Johnson
- Neurological Applications Division, Renishaw Plc, Gloucestershire, United Kingdom
| | - Karen J. Edler
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
| | - Steven S. Gill
- Functional Neurosurgery Research Group, School of Clinical Sciences, Bristol University, Bristol, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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Abstract
Current chemotherapeutic strategies for tumors of the CNS are largely ineffective. This is due, in part, to the lack of robust drug delivery systems. The blood-brain barrier hinders the passage of systemically delivered therapeutics, and the brain extracellular matrix limits the distribution and longevity of locally delivered agents. Drug-loaded nanocarriers represent a promising strategy to overcome these barriers. Due to their small size and versatile design, nanocarriers can be finely tuned to address specific drug delivery challenges. Here, we review the major advances in development of nanocarrier-based therapeutics for tumors of the CNS, with an emphasis on polymeric nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toral R Patel
- Department of Neurosurgery, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, C712, New York, NY 10065, USA
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35
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Mangubat EZ, Kellogg RG, Harris TJ, Rossi MA. On-demand pulsatile intracerebral delivery of carisbamate with closed-loop direct neurostimulation therapy in an electrically induced self-sustained focal-onset epilepsy rat model. J Neurosurg 2015; 122:1283-92. [PMID: 25723302 DOI: 10.3171/2015.1.jns14946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECT The authors evaluated the preclinical feasibility of acutely stabilizing an active bihemispheric limbic epileptic circuit using closed-loop direct neurostimulation therapy in tandem with "on-demand'" convection-enhanced intracerebral delivery of the antiepileptic drug (AED) carisbamate. A rat model of electrically induced self-sustained focal-onset epilepsy was employed. METHODS A 16-contact depth-recording microelectrode was implanted bilaterally in the dentate gyrus (DG) of the hippocampus of Fischer 344 rats. The right microelectrode array included an integrated microcatheter for drug delivery at the distal tip. Bihemispheric spontaneous self-sustained limbic status epilepticus (SSLSE) was induced in freely moving rats using a 90-minute stimulation paradigm delivered to the right medial perforant white matter pathway. Immediately following SSLSE induction, closed-loop right PP stimulation therapy concurrent with on-demand nanoboluses of the AED [(14)C]-carisbamate (n = 4), or on-demand [(14)C]-carisbamate alone (n = 4), was introduced for a mean of 10 hours. In addition, 2 reference groups received either closed-loop stimulation therapy alone (n = 4) or stimulation therapy with saline vehicle only (n = 4). All animals were sacrificed after completing the specified therapy regimen. In situ [(14)C]-autoradiography was used to determine AED distribution. RESULTS Closed-loop direct stimulation therapy delivered unilaterally in the right PP aborted ictal runs detected in either ipsi- or contralateral hippocampi. Freely moving rats receiving closed-loop direct stimulation therapy with ondemand intracerebral carisbamate delivery experienced a significant reduction in seizure frequency (p < 0.001) and minimized seizure frequency variability during the final 50% of the therapy/recording session compared with closed-loop stimulation therapy alone. CONCLUSIONS Unilateral closed-loop direct stimulation therapy delivered to afferent hippocampal white matter pathways concurrent with on-demand ipsilateral intracerebral delivery of nano-bolused carisbamate can rapidly decrease the frequency of electrographic seizures in an active bihemispheric epileptic network. Additionally, direct pulsatile delivery of carisbamate can stabilize seizure frequency variability compared with direct stimulation therapy alone.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Timothy J Harris
- 2Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Marvin A Rossi
- 2Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
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Rossmeisl JH. New treatment modalities for brain tumors in dogs and cats. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 2014; 44:1013-38. [PMID: 25441624 DOI: 10.1016/j.cvsm.2014.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Despite advancements in standard therapies, intracranial tumors remain a significant source of morbidity and mortality in veterinary and human medicine. Several newer approaches are gaining more widespread acceptance or are currently being prepared for translation from experimental to routine therapeutic use. Clinical trials in dogs with spontaneous brain tumors have contributed to the development and human translation of several novel therapeutic brain tumor approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- John H Rossmeisl
- Neurology and Neurosurgery, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, VA-MD Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, 215 Duckpond Drive, Mail Code 0442, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA.
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37
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Stephen ZR, Kievit FM, Veiseh O, Chiarelli PA, Fang C, Wang K, Hatzinger SJ, Ellenbogen RG, Silber JR, Zhang M. Redox-responsive magnetic nanoparticle for targeted convection-enhanced delivery of O6-benzylguanine to brain tumors. ACS NANO 2014; 8:10383-95. [PMID: 25247850 PMCID: PMC4212796 DOI: 10.1021/nn503735w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2014] [Accepted: 09/23/2014] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Resistance to temozolomide (TMZ) based chemotherapy in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) has been attributed to the upregulation of the DNA repair protein O(6)-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT). Inhibition of MGMT using O(6)-benzylguanine (BG) has shown promise in these patients, but its clinical use is hindered by poor pharmacokinetics that leads to unacceptable toxicity. To improve BG biodistribution and efficacy, we developed superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (NP) for targeted convection-enhanced delivery (CED) of BG to GBM. The nanoparticles (NPCP-BG-CTX) consist of a magnetic core coated with a redox-responsive, cross-linked, biocompatible chitosan-PEG copolymer surface coating (NPCP). NPCP was modified through covalent attachment of BG and tumor targeting peptide chlorotoxin (CTX). Controlled, localized BG release was achieved under reductive intracellular conditions and NPCP-BG-CTX demonstrated proper trafficking of BG in human GBM cells in vitro. NPCP-BG-CTX treated cells showed a significant reduction in MGMT activity and the potentiation of TMZ toxicity. In vivo, CED of NPCP-BG-CTX produced an excellent volume of distribution (Vd) within the brain of mice bearing orthotopic human primary GBM xenografts. Significantly, concurrent treatment with NPCP-BG-CTX and TMZ showed a 3-fold increase in median overall survival in comparison to NPCP-CTX/TMZ treated and untreated animals. Furthermore, NPCP-BG-CTX mitigated the myelosuppression observed with free BG in wild-type mice when administered concurrently with TMZ. The combination of favorable physicochemical properties, tumor cell specific BG delivery, controlled BG release, and improved in vivo efficacy demonstrates the great potential of these NPs as a treatment option that could lead to improved clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary R. Stephen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Forrest M. Kievit
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Omid Veiseh
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Peter A. Chiarelli
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Chen Fang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington 98109, United States
| | - Kui Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Shelby J. Hatzinger
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Richard G. Ellenbogen
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
- Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - John R. Silber
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Miqin Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
- Address correspondence to
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Image-guided interventional therapy for cancer with radiotherapeutic nanoparticles. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2014; 76:39-59. [PMID: 25016083 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2014.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2014] [Revised: 06/09/2014] [Accepted: 07/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
One of the major limitations of current cancer therapy is the inability to deliver tumoricidal agents throughout the entire tumor mass using traditional intravenous administration. Nanoparticles carrying beta-emitting therapeutic radionuclides that are delivered using advanced image-guidance have significant potential to improve solid tumor therapy. The use of image-guidance in combination with nanoparticle carriers can improve the delivery of localized radiation to tumors. Nanoparticles labeled with certain beta-emitting radionuclides are intrinsically theranostic agents that can provide information regarding distribution and regional dosimetry within the tumor and the body. Image-guided thermal therapy results in increased uptake of intravenous nanoparticles within tumors, improving therapy. In addition, nanoparticles are ideal carriers for direct intratumoral infusion of beta-emitting radionuclides by convection enhanced delivery, permitting the delivery of localized therapeutic radiation without the requirement of the radionuclide exiting from the nanoparticle. With this approach, very high doses of radiation can be delivered to solid tumors while sparing normal organs. Recent technological developments in image-guidance, convection enhanced delivery and newly developed nanoparticles carrying beta-emitting radionuclides will be reviewed. Examples will be shown describing how this new approach has promise for the treatment of brain, head and neck, and other types of solid tumors.
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Sewing ACP, Caretti V, Lagerweij T, Schellen P, Jansen MHA, van Vuurden DG, Idema S, Molthoff CFM, Vandertop WP, Kaspers GJL, Noske DP, Hulleman E. Convection enhanced delivery of carmustine to the murine brainstem: a feasibility study. J Neurosci Methods 2014; 238:88-94. [PMID: 25263805 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2014.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2014] [Revised: 09/17/2014] [Accepted: 09/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Systemic delivery of therapeutic agents remains ineffective against diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG), possibly due to an intact blood-brain-barrier (BBB) and to dose-limiting toxicity of systemic chemotherapeutic agents. Convection-enhanced delivery (CED) into the brainstem may provide an effective local delivery alternative for DIPG patients. NEW METHOD The aim of this study is to develop a method to perform CED into the murine brainstem and to test this method using the chemotherapeutic agent carmustine (BiCNU). To this end, a newly designed murine CED catheter was tested in vitro and in vivo. After determination of safety and distribution, mice bearing VUMC-DIPG-3 and E98FM-DIPG brainstem tumors were treated with carmustine dissolved in DW 5% or carmustine dissolved in 10% ethanol. RESULTS Our results show that CED into the murine brainstem is feasible and well tolerated by mice with and without brainstem tumors. CED of carmustine dissolved in 5% DW increased median survival of mice with VUMC-DIPG-3 and E98FM-DIPG tumors with 35% and 25% respectively. Dissolving carmustine in 10% ethanol further improved survival to 45% in mice with E98FM-DIPG tumors. COMPARISON WITH EXISTING METHODS Since genetically engineered and primary DIPG models are currently only available in mice, murine CED studies have clear advantages over CED studies in other animals. CONCLUSION CED in the murine brainstem can be performed safely, is well tolerated and can be used to study efficacy of chemotherapeutic agents orthotopically. These results set the foundation for more CED studies in murine DIPG models.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Charlotte P Sewing
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Neuro-oncology Research Group, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Viola Caretti
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Neurosurgery, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Neuro-oncology Research Group, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tonny Lagerweij
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Neurosurgery, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Neuro-oncology Research Group, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Pepijn Schellen
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Neurosurgery, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Neuro-oncology Research Group, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marc H A Jansen
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Neuro-oncology Research Group, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dannis G van Vuurden
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Neuro-oncology Research Group, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sander Idema
- Department of Neurosurgery, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Neuro-oncology Research Group, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Carla F M Molthoff
- Nuclear Medicine & PET Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - W Peter Vandertop
- Department of Neurosurgery, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gertjan J L Kaspers
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - David P Noske
- Department of Neurosurgery, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Neuro-oncology Research Group, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Esther Hulleman
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Neuro-oncology Research Group, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Zhang R, Saito R, Mano Y, Kanamori M, Sonoda Y, Kumabe T, Tominaga T. Concentration rather than dose defines the local brain toxicity of agents that are effectively distributed by convection-enhanced delivery. J Neurosci Methods 2014; 222:131-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2013.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2013] [Accepted: 11/05/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Barua NU, Gill SS, Love S. Convection-enhanced drug delivery to the brain: therapeutic potential and neuropathological considerations. Brain Pathol 2013; 24:117-27. [PMID: 23944716 DOI: 10.1111/bpa.12082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2013] [Accepted: 08/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Convection-enhanced delivery (CED) describes a direct method of drug delivery to the brain through intraparenchymal microcatheters. By establishing a pressure gradient at the tip of the infusion catheter in order to exploit bulk flow through the interstitial spaces of the brain, CED offers a number of advantages over conventional drug delivery methods-bypass of the blood-brain barrier, targeted distribution through large brain volumes and minimization of systemic side effects. Despite showing early promise, CED is yet to fulfill its potential as a mainstream strategy for the treatment of neurological disease. Substantial research effort has been dedicated to optimize the technology for CED and identify the parameters, which govern successful drug distribution. It seems likely that successful clinical translation of CED will depend on suitable catheter technology being used in combination with drugs with optimal physicochemical characteristics, and on neuropathological analysis in appropriate preclinical models. In this review, we consider the factors most likely to influence the success or failure of CED, and review its application to the treatment of high-grade glioma, Parkinson's disease (PD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil U Barua
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Clinical Neurosciences, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Frenchay Hospital, Bristol, UK
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Highly penetrative, drug-loaded nanocarriers improve treatment of glioblastoma. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2013; 110:11751-6. [PMID: 23818631 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1304504110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 196] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Current therapy for glioblastoma multiforme is insufficient, with nearly universal recurrence. Available drug therapies are unsuccessful because they fail to penetrate through the region of the brain containing tumor cells and they fail to kill the cells most responsible for tumor development and therapy resistance, brain cancer stem cells (BCSCs). To address these challenges, we combined two major advances in technology: (i) brain-penetrating polymeric nanoparticles that can be loaded with drugs and are optimized for intracranial convection-enhanced delivery and (ii) repurposed compounds, previously used in Food and Drug Administration-approved products, which were identified through library screening to target BCSCs. Using fluorescence imaging and positron emission tomography, we demonstrate that brain-penetrating nanoparticles can be delivered to large intracranial volumes in both rats and pigs. We identified several agents (from Food and Drug Administration-approved products) that potently inhibit proliferation and self-renewal of BCSCs. When loaded into brain-penetrating nanoparticles and administered by convection-enhanced delivery, one of these agents, dithiazanine iodide, significantly increased survival in rats bearing BCSC-derived xenografts. This unique approach to controlled delivery in the brain should have a significant impact on treatment of glioblastoma multiforme and suggests previously undescribed routes for drug and gene delivery to treat other diseases of the central nervous system.
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Saito R, Tominaga T. Convection-enhanced delivery: from mechanisms to clinical drug delivery for diseases of the central nervous system. Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo) 2013; 52:531-8. [PMID: 22976134 DOI: 10.2176/nmc.52.531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The evolution of cancer chemotherapy has been a major advance in medical science in the late 20th century. However, patients with malignant gliomas have not benefitted much. The blood-brain barrier (BBB), which always hinders the entry of therapeutic agents into the central nervous system (CNS), may at least partly be responsible. Convection-enhanced delivery (CED), a method for distributing large and small molecular weight compounds bypassing the BBB, enables robust distribution of the infused molecules at the site of infusion. CED is promising as an effective treatment not only for malignant gliomas but also for multiple CNS disorders because this method can effectively distribute multiple molecules that are potentially effective against different diseases. Although the method is quite simple, several problems require solution in developing novel CED-based strategies, including what, where, when, and how to infuse. This review discusses basic considerations when developing CED-based strategies for CNS diseases, focusing mainly on brain tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryuta Saito
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan.
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Weng KC, Hashizume R, Noble CO, Serwer LP, Drummond DC, Kirpotin DB, Kuwabara AM, Chao LX, Chen FF, James CD, Park JW. Convection-enhanced delivery of targeted quantum dot-immunoliposome hybrid nanoparticles to intracranial brain tumor models. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2013; 8:1913-25. [PMID: 23631502 DOI: 10.2217/nnm.12.209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM The aim of this work is to evaluate combining targeting strategy and convection-enhanced delivery in brain tumor models by imaging quantum dot-immunoliposome hybrid nanoparticles. MATERIALS & METHODS An EGF receptor-targeted, quantum dot-immunoliposome hybrid nanoparticle (QD-IL) was synthesized. In vitro uptake was measured by flow cytometry and intracellular localization was imaged by confocal microscopy. In the in vivo study, QD-ILs were delivered to intracranial xenografts via convection-enhanced delivery and fluorescence was monitored noninvasively in real-time. RESULTS QD-ILs exhibited specific and efficient uptake in vitro and exhibited approximately 1.3- to 5.0-fold higher total fluorescence compared with nontargeted counterpart in intracranial brain tumor xenografts in vivo. CONCLUSION QD-ILs serve as an effective imaging agent in vitro and in vivo, and the data suggest that ligand-directed liposomal nanoparticles in conjunction with convection-enhanced delivery may offer therapeutic benefits for glioblastoma treatment as a result of specific and efficient uptake by malignant cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin C Weng
- UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA
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Convection-enhanced delivery for targeted delivery of antiglioma agents: the translational experience. JOURNAL OF DRUG DELIVERY 2013; 2013:107573. [PMID: 23476784 PMCID: PMC3586495 DOI: 10.1155/2013/107573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2012] [Accepted: 12/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Recent improvements in the understanding of glioblastoma (GBM) have allowed for increased ability to develop specific, targeted therapies. In parallel, however, there is a need for effective methods of delivery to circumvent the therapeutic obstacles presented by the blood-brain barrier and systemic side effects. The ideal delivery system should allow for adequate targeting of the tumor while minimizing systemic exposure, applicability across a wide range of potential therapies, and have existing safe and efficacious systems that allow for widespread application. Though many alternatives to systemic delivery have been developed, this paper will focus on our experience with convection-enhanced delivery (CED) and our focus on translating this technology from pre-clinical studies to the treatment of human GBM.
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Writer MJ, Kyrtatos PG, Bienemann AS, Pugh JA, Lowe AS, Villegas-Llerena C, Kenny GD, White EA, Gill SS, McLeod CW, Lythgoe MF, Hart SL. Lipid peptide nanocomplexes for gene delivery and magnetic resonance imaging in the brain. J Control Release 2012; 162:340-8. [PMID: 22800579 PMCID: PMC3657147 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2012.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2012] [Revised: 06/29/2012] [Accepted: 07/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Gadolinium-labelled nanocomplexes offer prospects for the development of real-time, non-invasive imaging strategies to visualise the location of gene delivery by MRI. In this study, targeted nanoparticle formulations were prepared comprising a cationic liposome (L) containing a Gd-chelated lipid at 10, 15 and 20% by weight of total lipid, a receptor-targeted, DNA-binding peptide (P) and plasmid DNA (D), which electrostatically self-assembled into LPD nanocomplexes. The LPD formulation containing the liposome with 15% Gd-chelated lipid displayed optimal peptide-targeted, transfection efficiency. MRI conspicuity peaked at 4h after incubation of the nanocomplexes with cells, suggesting enhancement by cellular uptake and trafficking. This was supported by time course confocal microscopy analysis of transfections with fluorescently-labelled LPD nanocomplexes. Gd-LPD nanocomplexes delivered to rat brains by convection-enhanced delivery were visible by MRI at 6 h, 24 h and 48 h after administration. Histological brain sections analysed by laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) confirmed that the MRI signal was associated with the distribution of Gd(3+) moieties and differentiated MRI signals due to haemorrhage. The transfected brain cells near the injection site appeared to be mostly microglial. This study shows the potential of Gd-LPD nanocomplexes for simultaneous delivery of contrast agents and genes for real-time monitoring of gene therapy in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele J. Writer
- Molecular Immunology Unit, UCL Institute of Child Health, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Panagiotis G. Kyrtatos
- Centre for Advanced Biomedical Imaging, Department of Medicine and UCL Institute of Child Health, University College London, London WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - Alison S. Bienemann
- The Functional Neurosurgery Research Group, Bristol University, Institute of Clinical Neurosciences, Southmead Hospital, Bristol BS16 1LE, UK
| | - John A. Pugh
- Centre For Analytical Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Andrew S. Lowe
- Centre for Advanced Biomedical Imaging, Department of Medicine and UCL Institute of Child Health, University College London, London WC1E 6DD, UK
| | | | - Gavin D. Kenny
- Molecular Immunology Unit, UCL Institute of Child Health, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Edward A. White
- The Functional Neurosurgery Research Group, Bristol University, Institute of Clinical Neurosciences, Southmead Hospital, Bristol BS16 1LE, UK
| | - Steven S. Gill
- The Functional Neurosurgery Research Group, Bristol University, Institute of Clinical Neurosciences, Southmead Hospital, Bristol BS16 1LE, UK
| | - Cameron W. McLeod
- Centre For Analytical Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Mark F. Lythgoe
- Centre for Advanced Biomedical Imaging, Department of Medicine and UCL Institute of Child Health, University College London, London WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - Stephen L. Hart
- Molecular Immunology Unit, UCL Institute of Child Health, London WC1N 1EH, UK
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Kim JH, Astary GW, Nobrega TL, Kantorovich S, Carney PR, Mareci TH, Sarntinoranont M. Dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI of Gd-albumin delivery to the rat hippocampus in vivo by convection-enhanced delivery. J Neurosci Methods 2012; 209:62-73. [PMID: 22687936 PMCID: PMC4192715 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2012.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2011] [Revised: 04/20/2012] [Accepted: 05/22/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Convection-enhanced delivery (CED) shows promise in treating neurological diseases due to its ability to circumvent the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and deliver therapeutics directly to the parenchyma of the central nervous system (CNS). Such a drug delivery method may be useful in treating CNS disorders involving the hippocampus such as temporal lobe epilepsy and gliomas; however, the influence of anatomical structures on infusate distribution is not fully understood. As a surrogate for therapeutic agents, we used gadolinium-labeled-albumin (Gd-albumin) tagged with Evans Blue dye to observe the time dependence of CED infusate distributions into the rat dorsal and ventral hippocampus in vivo with dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI). For finer anatomical detail, final distribution volumes (V(d)) of the infusate were observed with high-resolution T(1)-weighted MR imaging and light microscopy of fixed brain sections. Dynamic images demonstrated that Gd-albumin preferentially distributed within the hippocampus along neuroanatomical structures with less fluid resistance and less penetration was observed in dense cell layers. Furthermore, significant leakage into adjacent cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) spaces such as the hippocampal fissure, velum interpositum and midbrain cistern occurred toward the end of infusion. V(d) increased linearly with infusion volume (V(i)) at a mean V(d)/V(i) ratio of 5.51 ± 0.55 for the dorsal hippocampus infusion and 5.30 ± 0.83 for the ventral hippocampus infusion. This study demonstrated the significant effects of tissue structure and CSF space boundaries on infusate distribution during CED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Hwan Kim
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Garrett W. Astary
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Tatiana L. Nobrega
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | | | - Paul R. Carney
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Thomas H. Mareci
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Malisa Sarntinoranont
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
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Sugiyama SI, Saito R, Nakamura T, Yamashita Y, Yokosawa M, Sonoda Y, Kumabe T, Watanabe M, Tominaga T. Safety and feasibility of convection-enhanced delivery of nimustine hydrochloride co-infused with free gadolinium for real-time monitoring in the primate brain. Neurol Res 2012; 34:581-7. [PMID: 22709625 DOI: 10.1179/1743132812y.0000000050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Convection-enhanced delivery (CED) has been developed as an effective drug-delivery strategy for brain tumors. Ideally, direct visualization of the tissue distribution of drugs infused by CED would assure successful delivery of therapeutic agents to the brain tumor while minimizing exposure of the normal brain tissue. We previously showed the anti-tumor efficacy of nimustine hydrochloride (ACNU) delivered via CED against a rodent intracranial xenografted tumor model. Here, we developed a method to monitor the drug distribution using a non-human primate brain. METHODS CED of a mixture of ACNU with gadodiamide was performed using three non-human primates under real-time magnetic resonance imaging monitoring. Animals were clinically observed for any toxicity after infusion. Two months later, their brains were subjected to histological examination for the evaluation of local toxicity. Another one animal was euthanized immediately after CED of a mixture of ACNU, gadodiamide, and Evans blue dye to evaluate the concordance between ACNU and gadodiamide distributions. The harvested brain was cut into blocks and the ACNU content was measured. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Real-time magnetic resonance imaging monitoring of co-infused gadodiamide confirmed the success of the infusion maneuver. In the monkey that also received Evans blue, the distribution of Evans blue was similar to that of gadodiamide and paralleled the measured ACNU content, suggesting concordance between ACNU and gadodiamide distributions. Histological examination revealed minimum tissue damage with the infusion of ACNU at 1 mg/ml, determined as a safe dose in our previous rodent study. CED of ACNU can be co-administered with gadodiamide to ensure successful infusion and monitor the distribution volume.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin-ichiro Sugiyama
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
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Fiandaca MS, Bankiewicz KS, Federoff HJ. Gene therapy for the treatment of Parkinson's disease: the nature of the biologics expands the future indications. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2012; 5:553-90. [PMID: 24281662 PMCID: PMC3763661 DOI: 10.3390/ph5060553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2012] [Revised: 05/18/2012] [Accepted: 05/23/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The pharmaceutical industry's development of therapeutic medications for the treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD) endures, as a result of the continuing need for better agents, and the increased clinical demand due to the aging population. Each new drug offers advantages and disadvantages to patients when compared to other medical offerings or surgical options. Deep brain stimulation (DBS) has become a standard surgical remedy for the effective treatment of select patients with PD, for whom most drug regimens have failed or become refractory. Similar to DBS as a surgical option, gene therapy for the treatment of PD is evolving as a future option. In the four different PD gene therapy approaches that have reached clinical trials investigators have documented an excellent safety profile associated with the stereotactic delivery, viral vectors and doses utilized, and transgenes expressed. In this article, we review the clinically relevant gene therapy strategies for the treatment of PD, concentrating on the published preclinical and clinical results, and the likely mechanisms involved. Based on these presentations, we advance an analysis of how the nature of the gene therapy used may eventually expand the scope and utility for the management of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo S. Fiandaca
- Translational NeuroTherapy Center, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, 1855 Folsom Street, Mission Center Building, San Francisco, CA 94103, USA; (K.S.B.)
| | - Krystof S. Bankiewicz
- Translational NeuroTherapy Center, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, 1855 Folsom Street, Mission Center Building, San Francisco, CA 94103, USA; (K.S.B.)
| | - Howard J. Federoff
- Departments of Neurology and Neuroscience, Georgetown University Medical Center, 4000 Reservoir Road, Washington, DC 20007, USA; (H.J.F.)
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Abstract
Brain tumors--particularly glioblastoma multiforme--pose an important public health problem in the United States. Despite surgical and medical advances, the prognosis for patients with malignant gliomas remains grim: current therapy is insufficient with nearly universal recurrence. A major reason for this failure is the difficulty of delivering therapeutic agents to the brain: better delivery approaches are needed to improve treatment. In this article, we summarize recent progress in drug delivery to the brain, with an emphasis on convection-enhanced delivery of nanocarriers. We examine the potential of new delivery methods to permit novel drug- and gene-based therapies that target brain cancer stem cells and discuss the use of nanomaterials for imaging of tumors and drug delivery.
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