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Hazer Rosberg DB, Hazer B, Stenberg L, Dahlin LB. Gold and Cobalt Oxide Nanoparticles Modified Poly-Propylene Poly-Ethylene Glycol Membranes in Poly (ε-Caprolactone) Conduits Enhance Nerve Regeneration in the Sciatic Nerve of Healthy Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:7146. [PMID: 34281198 PMCID: PMC8268459 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22137146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Reconstruction of nerve defects is a clinical challenge. Autologous nerve grafts as the gold standard treatment may result in an incomplete restoration of extremity function. Biosynthetic nerve conduits are studied widely, but still have limitations. Here, we reconstructed a 10 mm sciatic nerve defect in healthy rats and analyzed nerve regeneration in poly (ε-caprolactone) (PCL) conduits longitudinally divided by gold (Au) and gold-cobalt oxide (AuCoO) nanoparticles embedded in poly-propylene poly-ethylene glycol (PPEG) membranes (AuPPEG or AuCoOPPEG) and compared it with unmodified PPEG-membrane and hollow PCL conduits. After 21 days, we detected significantly better axonal outgrowth, together with higher numbers of activated Schwann cells (ATF3-labelled) and higher HSP27 expression, in reconstructed sciatic nerve and in corresponding dorsal root ganglia (DRG) in the AuPPEG and AuCoOPPEG groups; whereas the number of apoptotic Schwann cells (cleaved caspase 3-labelled) was significantly lower. Furthermore, numbers of activated and apoptotic Schwann cells in the regenerative matrix correlated with axonal outgrowth, whereas HSP27 expression in the regenerative matrix and in DRGs did not show any correlation with axonal outgrowth. We conclude that gold and cobalt-oxide nanoparticle modified membranes in conduits improve axonal outgrowth and increase the regenerative performance of conduits after nerve reconstruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derya Burcu Hazer Rosberg
- Department of Hand Surgery, Skåne University Hospital, 205 02 Malmö, Sweden; (L.S.); (L.B.D.)
- Department of Translational Medicine—Hand Surgery, Lund University, 205 02 Malmö, Sweden
- Department of Neurosurgery, Mugla Sitki Kocman University, Mugla 48100, Turkey
| | - Baki Hazer
- Department of Aircraft Airflame Engine Maintenance, Kapadokya University, Ürgüp 50420, Turkey;
- Department of Chemistry, Zonguldak Bülent Ecevit University, Zonguldak 67100, Turkey
| | - Lena Stenberg
- Department of Hand Surgery, Skåne University Hospital, 205 02 Malmö, Sweden; (L.S.); (L.B.D.)
- Department of Translational Medicine—Hand Surgery, Lund University, 205 02 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Lars B. Dahlin
- Department of Hand Surgery, Skåne University Hospital, 205 02 Malmö, Sweden; (L.S.); (L.B.D.)
- Department of Translational Medicine—Hand Surgery, Lund University, 205 02 Malmö, Sweden
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, 581 83 Linköping, Sweden
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Feizi S, Najafi M, Javadi MA, Azari AA. Configuration of recipient corneal cut after mechanical trephination in keratoconus. Int Ophthalmol 2019; 39:2553-2559. [PMID: 30968329 DOI: 10.1007/s10792-019-01103-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine the roundness of recipient corneal cuts after mechanical trephination and to investigate possible factors that could affect the corneal bed configuration in deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty (DALK). METHODS This study enrolled 85 eyes with keratoconus that underwent DALK. Recipient corneas were partially trephined using a new, unused, disposable Hessburg-Barron suction trephine. Photographs that best represented the recipient corneal cut were selected, and ImageJ software was used to evaluate the roundness of recipient bed. The effect of potential variables on the roundness of cuts was investigated using the univariate analyses. RESULTS The mean patient age was 31.0 ± 9.0 years. The mean recipient trephine size was 8.04 ± 0.29 mm (range 7.5-8.50 mm). The recipient cut roundness was 0.922 ± 0.070, varying from 0.78 to 1.0. The roundness of the corneoscleral limbus (0.874 ± 0.074) which represented the shape of recipient cornea was the main predictor of the configuration of recipient cut (r = 0.84, P < 0.001). Other preoperative characteristics investigated were mean keratometry (P = 0.63), keratometric astigmatism (P = 0.18), central corneal thickness (P = 0.64), keratoconus severity (P = 0.37), and trephine size (P = 0.50) that demonstrated no significant associations with the roundness of cut. CONCLUSIONS The recipient corneal cut after mechanical trephination may not be circular. The roundness of recipient bed was primarily affected by the roundness of corneoscleral limbus, indicating that the shape of recipient cut tends to follow the original shape of the cornea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sepehr Feizi
- Ophthalmic Research Center, Labbafinejad Medical Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Boostan 9 St., Pasdaran Ave., Tehran, 16666, Iran.
| | - Maryam Najafi
- Ophthalmic Research Center, Labbafinejad Medical Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Boostan 9 St., Pasdaran Ave., Tehran, 16666, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Javadi
- Ophthalmic Research Center, Labbafinejad Medical Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Boostan 9 St., Pasdaran Ave., Tehran, 16666, Iran
| | - Amir A Azari
- Ophthalmic Research Center, Labbafinejad Medical Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Boostan 9 St., Pasdaran Ave., Tehran, 16666, Iran
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Geometric Properties of Donor Corneas After Mechanical Trephination in Deep Anterior Lamellar Keratoplasty. Cornea 2018; 38:35-41. [PMID: 30273193 DOI: 10.1097/ico.0000000000001772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the geometry of donor corneal buttons after mechanical trephination and to determine whether there were any possible variables that could influence the accuracy of cutting corneal buttons in deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty. METHODS This cross-sectional study included 85 sclerocorneal buttons that were transplanted during deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty. Donor corneas were punched from the posterior surface. Photographs that most clearly represented the entire edges of the donor corneas were taken from the punched corneas and systematically analyzed using ImageJ software. The univariate analyses were used to investigate the influence of potential variables on the precision and roundness of the donor cut. RESULTS The epithelial side of the grafts was significantly larger than the posterior side in diameter, perimeter, and area. The perimeter and area of the donor posterior surface and the trephine used for punching the grafts were the same, whereas the epithelial side had a significantly larger perimeter and area than those of the trephine. Graft roundness varied from 0.78 to 1.0 at the epithelial side and from 0.77 to 1.0 at the posterior side. The roundness of the scleral spur, which represented the shape of the donor cornea, was identified as the main predictor of the roundness of the donor cut (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS The donor buttons after mechanical trephination from the posterior surface may not be circular and of the intended diameter; the epithelial surface dimensions were significantly larger than the posterior surface and trephine dimensions. The roundness of the punched graft was primarily affected by the roundness of the cornea before trephination.
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Napper RMA. Total Number Is Important: Using the Disector Method in Design-Based Stereology to Understand the Structure of the Rodent Brain. Front Neuroanat 2018; 12:16. [PMID: 29556178 PMCID: PMC5844935 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2018.00016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The advantages of using design-based stereology in the collection of quantitative data, have been highlighted, in numerous publications, since the description of the disector method by Sterio (1984). This review article discusses the importance of total number derived with the disector method, as a key variable that must continue to be used to understand the rodent brain and that such data can be used to develop quantitative networks of the brain. The review article will highlight the huge impact total number has had on our understanding of the rodent brain and it will suggest that neuroscientists need to be aware of the increasing number of studies where density, not total number, is the quantitative measure used. It will emphasize that density can result in data that is misleading, most often in an unknown direction, and that we run the risk of this type of data being accepted into the collective neuroscience knowledge database. It will also suggest that design-based stereology using the disector method, can be used alongside recent developments in electron microscopy, such as serial block-face scanning electron microscopy (SEM), to obtain total number data very efficiently at the ultrastructural level. Throughout the article total number is discussed as a key parameter in understanding the micro-networks of the rodent brain as they can be represented as both anatomical and quantitative networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth M A Napper
- Brain Health Research Centre, Department of Anatomy, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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Abbass M, Trought K, Long D, Semechko A, Wong AHC. Automated immunohistochemical method to analyze large areas of the human cortex. J Neurosci Methods 2018; 294:81-90. [PMID: 29126813 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2017.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Revised: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There have been inconsistencies in the histological abnormalities found in the cerebral cortex from patients with schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and major depression. Discrepancies in previously published reports may arise from small sample sizes, inconsistent methodology and biased cell counting. METHODS We applied automated quantification of neuron density, neuron size and cortical layer thickness in large regions of the cerebral cortex in psychiatric patients. This method accurately segments DAPI positive cells that are also stained with CUX2 and FEZF2. Cortical layer thickness, neuron density and neuron size were automatically computed for each cortical layer in numerous Brodmann areas. RESULTS We did not find pronounced cytoarchitectural abnormalities in the anterior cingulate cortex or orbitofrontal cortex in patients with schizophrenia, bipolar disorder or major depressive disorder. There were no significant differences in layer thickness measured in immunohistochemically stained slides compared with traditional Nissl stained slides. Automated cell counts were correlated, reliable and consistent with manual counts, while being much less time-consuming. CONCLUSION We demonstrate the validity of using a novel automated analysis approach to post-mortem brain tissue. We were able to analyze large cortical areas and quantify specific cell populations using immunohistochemical markers. Future analyses could benefit from efficient automated analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad Abbass
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, M5T 1R8, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Kathleen Trought
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, M5T 1R8, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - David Long
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, M5T 1R8, Canada
| | - Anton Semechko
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Albert H C Wong
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, M5T 1R8, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada.
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Transient Oxygen/Glucose Deprivation Causes a Delayed Loss of Mitochondria and Increases Spontaneous Calcium Signaling in Astrocytic Processes. J Neurosci 2017; 36:7109-27. [PMID: 27383588 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.4518-15.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Recently, mitochondria have been localized to astrocytic processes where they shape Ca(2+) signaling; this relationship has not been examined in models of ischemia/reperfusion. We biolistically transfected astrocytes in rat hippocampal slice cultures to facilitate fluorescent confocal microscopy, and subjected these slices to transient oxygen/glucose deprivation (OGD) that causes delayed excitotoxic death of CA1 pyramidal neurons. This insult caused a delayed loss of mitochondria from astrocytic processes and increased colocalization of mitochondria with the autophagosome marker LC3B. The losses of neurons in area CA1 and mitochondria in astrocytic processes were blocked by ionotropic glutamate receptor (iGluR) antagonists, tetrodotoxin, ziconotide (Ca(2+) channel blocker), two inhibitors of reversed Na(+)/Ca(2+) exchange (KB-R7943, YM-244769), or two inhibitors of calcineurin (cyclosporin-A, FK506). The effects of OGD were mimicked by NMDA. The glutamate uptake inhibitor (3S)-3-[[3-[[4-(trifluoromethyl)benzoyl]amino]phenyl]methoxy]-l-aspartate increased neuronal loss after OGD or NMDA, and blocked the loss of astrocytic mitochondria. Exogenous glutamate in the presence of iGluR antagonists caused a loss of mitochondria without a decrease in neurons in area CA1. Using the genetic Ca(2+) indicator Lck-GCaMP-6S, we observed two types of Ca(2+) signals: (1) in the cytoplasm surrounding mitochondria (mitochondrially centered) and (2) traversing the space between mitochondria (extramitochondrial). The spatial spread, kinetics, and frequency of these events were different. The amplitude of both types was doubled and the spread of both types changed by ∼2-fold 24 h after OGD. Together, these data suggest that pathologic activation of glutamate transport and increased astrocytic Ca(2+) through reversed Na(+)/Ca(2+) exchange triggers mitochondrial loss and dramatic increases in Ca(2+) signaling in astrocytic processes. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Astrocytes, the most abundant cell type in the brain, are vital integrators of signaling and metabolism. Each astrocyte consists of many long, thin branches, called processes, which ensheathe vasculature and thousands of synapses. Mitochondria occupy the majority of each process. This occupancy is decreased by ∼50% 24 h after an in vitro model of ischemia/reperfusion injury, due to delayed fragmentation and mitophagy. The mechanism appears to be independent of neuropathology, instead involving an extended period of high glutamate uptake into astrocytes. Our data suggest that mitochondria serve as spatial buffers, and possibly even as a source of calcium signals in astrocytic processes. Loss of mitochondria resulted in drastically altered calcium signaling that could disrupt neurovascular coupling and gliotransmission.
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Carletti F, Sardo P, Gambino G, Liu XA, Ferraro G, Rizzo V. Hippocampal Hyperexcitability is Modulated by Microtubule-Active Agent: Evidence from In Vivo and In Vitro Epilepsy Models in the Rat. Front Cell Neurosci 2016; 10:29. [PMID: 26903814 PMCID: PMC4746529 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2016.00029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The involvement of microtubule dynamics on bioelectric activity of neurons and neurotransmission represents a fascinating target of research in the context of neural excitability. It has been reported that alteration of microtubule cytoskeleton can lead to profound modifications of neural functioning, with a putative impact on hyperexcitability phenomena. Altogether, in the present study we pointed at exploring the outcomes of modulating the degree of microtubule polymerization in two electrophysiological models of epileptiform activity in the rat hippocampus. To this aim, we used in vivo maximal dentate activation (MDA) and in vitro hippocampal epileptiform bursting activity (HEBA) paradigms to assess the effects of nocodazole (NOC) and paclitaxel (PAC), that respectively destabilize and stabilize microtubule structures. In particular, in the MDA paroxysmal discharge is electrically induced, whereas the HEBA is obtained by altering extracellular ionic concentrations. Our results provided evidence that NOC 10 μM was able to reduce the severity of MDA seizures, without inducing neurotoxicity as verified by the immunohistochemical assay. In some cases, paroxysmal discharge was completely blocked during the maximal effect of the drug. These data were also in agreement with the outcomes of in vitro HEBA, since NOC markedly decreased burst activity that was even silenced occasionally. In contrast, PAC at 10 μM did not exert a clear action in both paradigms. The present study, targeting cellular mechanisms not much considered so far, suggests the possibility that microtubule-active drugs could modulate brain hyperexcitability. This contributes to the hypothesis that cytoskeleton function may affect synaptic processes, relapsing on bioelectric aspects of epileptic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Carletti
- Department of "Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neuroscience" (Bio.Ne.C.), "Sezione di Fisiologia Umana G. Pagano", University of Palermo Palermo, Italy
| | - Pierangelo Sardo
- Department of "Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neuroscience" (Bio.Ne.C.), "Sezione di Fisiologia Umana G. Pagano", University of PalermoPalermo, Italy; Post-graduate School of Nutrition and Food Science, University of PalermoPalermo, Italy
| | - Giuditta Gambino
- Department of "Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neuroscience" (Bio.Ne.C.), "Sezione di Fisiologia Umana G. Pagano", University of Palermo Palermo, Italy
| | - Xin-An Liu
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute Jupiter, FL, USA
| | - Giuseppe Ferraro
- Department of "Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neuroscience" (Bio.Ne.C.), "Sezione di Fisiologia Umana G. Pagano", University of PalermoPalermo, Italy; Post-graduate School of Nutrition and Food Science, University of PalermoPalermo, Italy
| | - Valerio Rizzo
- Department of "Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neuroscience" (Bio.Ne.C.), "Sezione di Fisiologia Umana G. Pagano", University of PalermoPalermo, Italy; Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research InstituteJupiter, FL, USA
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Balança B, Bapteste L, Lieutaud T, Ressnikoff D, Guy R, Bezin L, Marinesco S. Neuronal loss as evidenced by automated quantification of neuronal density following moderate and severe traumatic brain injury in rats. J Neurosci Res 2015; 94:39-49. [PMID: 26451689 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.23676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2015] [Revised: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury causes widespread neurological lesions that can be reproduced in animals with the lateral fluid percussion (LFP) model. The characterization of the pattern of neuronal death generated in this model remains unclear, involving both cortical and subcortical brain regions. Here, 7 days after moderate (3 atmospheres absolute [ATA]) or severe (3.8 ATA) LFP, we estimated neuronal loss by using immunohistochemistry together with a computer-assisted automated method for quantifying neuronal density in brain sections. Neuronal counts were performed ipsilateral to the impact, in the parietal cortex ventral to the site of percussion, in the temporal cortex, in the dorsal thalamus, and in the hippocampus. These results were compared with the counts observed at similar areas in sham animals. We found that neuronal density was severely decreased in the temporal cortex (-60%), in the dorsal thalamus (-63%), and in area CA3 of the hippocampus (-36%) of injured animals compared with controls but was not significantly modified in the cortices located immediately ventral to the impact. Total cellular density increased in brain structures displaying neuronal death, suggesting the presence of gliosis. The increase in the severity of LFP did not change the pattern of neuronal injury. This automated method simplified the study of neuronal loss following traumatic brain injury and allowed the identification of a pattern of neuronal loss that spreads from the dorsal thalamus to the temporal cortex, with the most severe lesions being in brain structures remote from the site of impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baptiste Balança
- INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR5292, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Team WAKING, Lyon, France.,Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, P. Wertheimer Neurological Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France.,University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Lionel Bapteste
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, P. Wertheimer Neurological Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France.,University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Thomas Lieutaud
- University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France.,INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR5292, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Team TIGER, Lyon, France
| | - Denis Ressnikoff
- University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France.,Centre d'Imagerie Quantitative Lyon Est, Lyon, France
| | - Rainui Guy
- INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR5292, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Team WAKING, Lyon, France.,University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Laurent Bezin
- University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France.,INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR5292, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Team TIGER, Lyon, France
| | - Stéphane Marinesco
- INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR5292, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Team WAKING, Lyon, France.,University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France.,INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR5292, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, AniRA-Neurochem Technological Platform, Lyon, France
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Oeck S, Malewicz NM, Hurst S, Rudner J, Jendrossek V. The Focinator - a new open-source tool for high-throughput foci evaluation of DNA damage. Radiat Oncol 2015; 10:163. [PMID: 26238507 PMCID: PMC4554354 DOI: 10.1186/s13014-015-0453-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2015] [Accepted: 07/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The quantitative analysis of foci plays an important role in many cell biological methods such as counting of colonies or cells, organelles or vesicles, or the number of protein complexes. In radiation biology and molecular radiation oncology, DNA damage and DNA repair kinetics upon ionizing radiation (IR) are evaluated by counting protein clusters or accumulations of phosphorylated proteins recruited to DNA damage sites. Consistency in counting and interpretation of foci remains challenging. Many current software solutions describe instructions for time-consuming and error-prone manual analysis, provide incomplete algorithms for analysis or are expensive. Therefore, we aimed to develop a tool for costless, automated, quantitative and qualitative analysis of foci. METHODS For this purpose we integrated a user-friendly interface into ImageJ and selected parameters to allow automated selection of regions of interest (ROIs) depending on their size and circularity. We added different export options and a batch analysis. The use of the Focinator was tested by analyzing γ-H2.AX foci in murine prostate adenocarcinoma cells (TRAMP-C1) at different time points after IR with 0.5 to 3 Gray (Gy). Additionally, measurements were performed by users with different backgrounds and experience. RESULTS The Focinator turned out to be an easily adjustable tool for automation of foci counting. It significantly reduced the analysis time of radiation-induced DNA-damage foci. Furthermore, different user groups were able to achieve a similar counting velocity. Importantly, there was no difference in nuclei detection between the Focinator and ImageJ alone. CONCLUSIONS The Focinator is a costless, user-friendly tool for fast high-throughput evaluation of DNA repair foci. The macro allows improved foci evaluation regarding accuracy, reproducibility and analysis speed compared to manual analysis. As innovative option, the macro offers a combination of multichannel evaluation including colocalization analysis and the possibility to run all analyses in a batch mode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Oeck
- Institute of Cell Biology (Cancer Research), University of Duisburg-Essen, Medical School, Virchowstrasse 173, 45122, Essen, Germany.
| | - Nathalie M Malewicz
- Institute of Cell Biology (Cancer Research), University of Duisburg-Essen, Medical School, Virchowstrasse 173, 45122, Essen, Germany.
| | - Sebastian Hurst
- Institute of Cell Biology (Cancer Research), University of Duisburg-Essen, Medical School, Virchowstrasse 173, 45122, Essen, Germany.
| | - Justine Rudner
- Institute of Cell Biology (Cancer Research), University of Duisburg-Essen, Medical School, Virchowstrasse 173, 45122, Essen, Germany.
| | - Verena Jendrossek
- Institute of Cell Biology (Cancer Research), University of Duisburg-Essen, Medical School, Virchowstrasse 173, 45122, Essen, Germany.
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Zhu Y, Liu F, Zou X, Torbey M. Comparison of unbiased estimation of neuronal number in the rat hippocampus with different staining methods. J Neurosci Methods 2015; 254:73-9. [PMID: 26238727 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2015.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2015] [Revised: 07/20/2015] [Accepted: 07/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND NeuN and Nissl staining (toluidine blue, cresyl violet staining) are routinely used methods in unbiased stereological estimation of the total number of hippocampal neurons. NEW METHOD In the present study, we stained serial frozen coronal sections from 5 normal adult male Sprague-Dawley rat brains with different methods, measured the deformation of hippocampal area in brain sections and estimated the total number of hippocampal neurons using the optical fractionator. RESULTS The deformation in x, y-axis was not obviously different with different staining protocols, but shrinkage in z-axis was significant after staining (p < 0.001). NeuN staining produced significant higher estimate number than cresyl violet staining by 24% (p = 0.002), however, NeuN and Cresyl Violet staining showed a high degree of correlation in quantification of total neuronal numbers and both methods are suitable for unbiased stereological estimation. COMPARISON WITH EXISTING METHOD (S) NeuN is more reliable but if time is limited or the number of animals used in experiments is high, cresyl violet staining may be a feasible method. CONCLUSIONS Compared with previous estimates of the neurons number in rat hippocampus, our present data is reliable and the stereological analysis based on our system is a cost-effective unbiased method for estimation of neuron number.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjin Zhu
- Department of Neurology, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Fuxin Liu
- Department of Neurology, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Xunchang Zou
- Department of Neurology, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Michel Torbey
- Department of Neurology, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States; Neurosurgery, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States.
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Electroacupuncture at ST36-ST37 and at ear ameliorates hippocampal mossy fiber sprouting in kainic acid-induced epileptic seizure rats. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:756019. [PMID: 25045697 PMCID: PMC4090572 DOI: 10.1155/2014/756019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2014] [Revised: 05/10/2014] [Accepted: 05/29/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Our previous study showed that mossy fiber sprouting can occur in the hippocampus region in rats 6 wk after kainic acid-induced epileptic seizure, and this mossy fiber sprouting can facilitate epileptogenesis. Transcutaneous auricular vagal nerve stimulation (VNS), which is similar to cervical VNS, can reduce the occurrence of epileptic seizure in intractable epilepsy patients. Greater parasympathetic nerve activity can be caused by 2 Hz electroacupuncture (EA). Therefore, we investigated the effect of 2 Hz EA at ST-36-ST37 and at the ear on mossy fiber sprouting in kainic-treated Sprague-Dawley rats. The results indicated that applying 2 Hz EA at ST36-ST37 and at the ear for 3 d per week over 6 consecutive weeks can ameliorate mossy fiber sprouting in the hippocampus region of rats. These results indicated that applying 2 Hz EA at ST36-ST37 and at the ear might be beneficial for the treatment and prevention of epilepsy in humans.
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