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Kiwitz K, Brandstetter A, Schiffer C, Bludau S, Mohlberg H, Omidyeganeh M, Massicotte P, Amunts K. Cytoarchitectonic Maps of the Human Metathalamus in 3D Space. Front Neuroanat 2022; 16:837485. [PMID: 35350721 PMCID: PMC8957853 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2022.837485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The human metathalamus plays an important role in processing visual and auditory information. Understanding its layers and subdivisions is important to gain insights in its function as a subcortical relay station and involvement in various pathologies. Yet, detailed histological references of the microanatomy in 3D space are still missing. We therefore aim at providing cytoarchitectonic maps of the medial geniculate body (MGB) and its subdivisions in the BigBrain – a high-resolution 3D-reconstructed histological model of the human brain, as well as probabilistic cytoarchitectonic maps of the MGB and lateral geniculate body (LGB). Therefore, histological sections of ten postmortem brains were studied. Three MGB subdivisions (MGBv, MGBd, MGBm) were identified on every 5th BigBrain section, and a deep-learning based tool was applied to map them on every remaining section. The maps were 3D-reconstructed to show the shape and extent of the MGB and its subdivisions with cellular precision. The LGB and MGB were additionally identified in nine other postmortem brains. Probabilistic cytoarchitectonic maps in the MNI “Colin27” and MNI ICBM152 reference spaces were computed which reveal an overall low interindividual variability in topography and extent. The probabilistic maps were included into the Julich-Brain atlas, and are freely available. They can be linked to other 3D data of human brain organization and serve as an anatomical reference for diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic neuroimaging studies of healthy brains and patients. Furthermore, the high-resolution MGB BigBrain maps provide a basis for data integration, brain modeling and simulation to bridge the larger scale involvement of thalamocortical and local subcortical circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Kiwitz
- Cécile and Oskar Vogt Institute of Brain Research, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Max Planck School of Cognition, Stephanstraße 1a, Leipzig, Germany
- *Correspondence: Kai Kiwitz,
| | - Andrea Brandstetter
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Christian Schiffer
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- Helmholtz AI, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Sebastian Bludau
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Hartmut Mohlberg
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Mona Omidyeganeh
- McGill Centre for Integrative Neuroscience, McConnell Brain Imaging Center, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Philippe Massicotte
- McGill Centre for Integrative Neuroscience, McConnell Brain Imaging Center, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Katrin Amunts
- Cécile and Oskar Vogt Institute of Brain Research, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Max Planck School of Cognition, Stephanstraße 1a, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
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Lipin M, Bennett J, Ying GS, Yu Y, Ashtari M. Improving the Quantification of the Lateral Geniculate Nucleus in Magnetic Resonance Imaging Using a Novel 3D-Edge Enhancement Technique. Front Comput Neurosci 2021; 15:708866. [PMID: 34924983 PMCID: PMC8677828 DOI: 10.3389/fncom.2021.708866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) is a small, inhomogeneous structure that relays major sensory inputs from the retina to the visual cortex. LGN morphology has been intensively studied due to various retinal diseases, as well as in the context of normal brain development. However, many of the methods used for LGN structural evaluations have not adequately addressed the challenges presented by the suboptimal routine MRI imaging of this structure. Here, we propose a novel method of edge enhancement that allows for high reliability and accuracy with regard to LGN morphometry, using routine 3D-MRI imaging protocols. This new algorithm is based on modeling a small brain structure as a polyhedron with its faces, edges, and vertices fitted with one plane, the intersection of two planes, and the intersection of three planes, respectively. This algorithm dramatically increases the contrast-to-noise ratio between the LGN and its surrounding structures as well as doubling the original spatial resolution. To show the algorithm efficacy, two raters (MA and ML) measured LGN volumes bilaterally in 19 subjects using the edge-enhanced LGN extracted areas from the 3D-T1 weighted images. The averages of the left and right LGN volumes from the two raters were 175 ± 8 and 174 ± 9 mm3, respectively. The intra-class correlations between raters were 0.74 for the left and 0.81 for the right LGN volumes. The high contrast edge-enhanced LGN images presented here, from a 7-min routine 3T-MRI acquisition, is qualitatively comparable to previously reported LGN images that were acquired using a proton density sequence with 30–40 averages and 1.5-h of acquisition time. The proposed edge-enhancement algorithm is not limited only to the LGN, but can significantly improve the contrast-to-noise ratio of any small deep-seated gray matter brain structure that is prone to high-levels of noise and partial volume effects, and can also increase their morphometric accuracy and reliability. An immensely useful feature of the proposed algorithm is that it can be used retrospectively on noisy and low contrast 3D brain images previously acquired as part of any routine clinical MRI visit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail Lipin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Jean Bennett
- Department of Ophthalmology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Gui-Shuang Ying
- Center for Preventative Ophthalmology and Biostatistics, Department of Ophthalmology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Yinxi Yu
- Center for Preventative Ophthalmology and Biostatistics, Department of Ophthalmology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Manzar Ashtari
- Department of Ophthalmology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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You M, Rong R, Zeng Z, Xia X, Ji D. Transneuronal Degeneration in the Brain During Glaucoma. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:643685. [PMID: 33889083 PMCID: PMC8055862 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.643685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The death of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) is a key factor in the pathophysiology of all types of glaucoma, but the mechanism of pathogenesis of glaucoma remains unclear. RGCs are a group of central nervous system (CNS) neurons whose soma are in the inner retina. The axons of RGCs form the optic nerve and converge at the optic chiasma; from there, they project to the visual cortex via the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN). In recent years, there has been increasing interest in the dysfunction and death of CNS and retinal neurons caused by transneuronal degeneration of RGCs, and the view that glaucoma is a widespread neurodegenerative disease involving CNS damage appears more and more frequently in the literature. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of LGN and visual cortex neuron damage in glaucoma and possible mechanisms behind the damage. This review presents an updated and expanded view of neuronal damage in glaucoma, and reveals new and potential targets for neuroprotection and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengling You
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Changsha, China
| | - Rong Rong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Changsha, China
| | - Zhou Zeng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaobo Xia
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Changsha, China
| | - Dan Ji
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Changsha, China
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"Switchboard" malfunction in motor neuron diseases: Selective pathology of thalamic nuclei in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and primary lateral sclerosis. NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL 2020; 27:102300. [PMID: 32554322 PMCID: PMC7303672 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2020.102300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The thalamus is a key cerebral hub relaying a multitude of corticoefferent and corticoafferent connections and mediating distinct extrapyramidal, sensory, cognitive and behavioural functions. While the thalamus consists of dozens of anatomically well-defined nuclei with distinctive physiological roles, existing imaging studies in motor neuron diseases typically evaluate the thalamus as a single structure. Based on the unique cortical signatures observed in ALS and PLS, we hypothesised that similarly focal thalamic involvement may be observed if the nuclei are individually evaluated. A prospective imaging study was undertaken with 100 patients with ALS, 33 patients with PLS and 117 healthy controls to characterise the integrity of thalamic nuclei. ALS patients were further stratified for the presence of GGGGCC hexanucleotide repeat expansions in C9orf72. The thalamus was segmented into individual nuclei to examine their volumetric profile. Additionally, thalamic shape deformations were evaluated by vertex analyses and focal density alterations were examined by region-of-interest morphometry. Our data indicate that C9orf72 negative ALS patients and PLS patients exhibit ventral lateral and ventral anterior involvement, consistent with the ‘motor’ thalamus. Degeneration of the sensory nuclei was also detected in C9orf72 negative ALS and PLS. Both ALS groups and the PLS cohort showed focal changes in the mediodorsal-paratenial-reuniens nuclei, which mediate memory and executive functions. PLS patients exhibited distinctive thalamic changes with marked pulvinar and lateral geniculate atrophy compared to both controls and C9orf72 negative ALS. The considerable ventral lateral and ventral anterior pathology detected in both ALS and PLS support the emerging literature of extrapyramidal dysfunction in MND. The involvement of sensory nuclei is consistent with sporadic reports of sensory impairment in MND. The unique thalamic signature of PLS is in line with the distinctive clinical features of the phenotype. Our data confirm phenotype-specific patterns of thalamus involvement in motor neuron diseases with the preferential involvement of nuclei mediating motor and cognitive functions. Given the selective involvement of thalamic nuclei in ALS and PLS, future biomarker and natural history studies in MND should evaluate individual thalamic regions instead overall thalamic changes.
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García-Gomar MG, Strong C, Toschi N, Singh K, Rosen BR, Wald LL, Bianciardi M. In vivo Probabilistic Structural Atlas of the Inferior and Superior Colliculi, Medial and Lateral Geniculate Nuclei and Superior Olivary Complex in Humans Based on 7 Tesla MRI. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:764. [PMID: 31440122 PMCID: PMC6694208 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite extensive neuroimaging research of primary sensory cortices involved in auditory and visual functions, subcortical structures within these domains, such as the inferior and superior colliculi, the medial and lateral geniculate nuclei and the superior olivary complex, are currently understudied with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in living humans. This is because a precise localization of these nuclei is hampered by the limited contrast and sensitivity of conventional neuroimaging methods for deep brain nuclei. In this work, we used 7 Tesla multi-modal (T2-weighted and diffusion fractional anisotropy) 1.1 mm isotropic resolution MRI to achieve high sensitivity and contrast for single-subject brainstem and thalamic nuclei delineation. After precise coregistration to stereotactic space, we generated an in vivo human probabilistic atlas of auditory (medial geniculate nucleus, inferior colliculus, and superior olivary complex) and visual (lateral geniculate nucleus and superior colliculus) subcortical nuclei. We foresee the use of this atlas as a tool to precisely identify the location and shape of auditory/visual deep nuclei in research as well as clinical human studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- María G García-Gomar
- Department of Radiology, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, MGH and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Christian Strong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Nicola Toschi
- Department of Radiology, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, MGH and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.,Medical Physics Section, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Faculty of Medicine, Tor Vergata University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Kavita Singh
- Department of Radiology, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, MGH and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Bruce R Rosen
- Department of Radiology, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, MGH and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Lawrence L Wald
- Department of Radiology, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, MGH and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Marta Bianciardi
- Department of Radiology, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, MGH and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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Horbruegger M, Loewe K, Kaufmann J, Wagner M, Schippling S, Pawlitzki M, Schoenfeld MA. Anatomically constrained tractography facilitates biologically plausible fiber reconstruction of the optic radiation in multiple sclerosis. NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL 2019; 22:101740. [PMID: 30870736 PMCID: PMC6416771 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2019.101740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Revised: 02/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (dMRI) enables the microstructural characterization and reconstruction of white matter pathways in vivo non-invasively. However, dMRI only provides information on the orientation of potential fibers but not on their anatomical plausibility. To that end, recent methodological advances facilitate the effective use of anatomical priors in the process of fiber reconstruction, thus improving the accuracy of the results. Here, we investigated the potential of anatomically constrained tracking (ACT), a modular addition to the tractography software package MRtrix3, to accurately reconstruct the optic radiation, a commonly affected pathway in multiple sclerosis (MS). Diffusion MRI data were acquired from 28 MS patients and 22 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. For each participant, the optic radiation was segmented based on the fiber reconstruction obtained using ACT. When implementing ACT in MS, it proved essential to incorporate lesion maps to avoid incorrect reconstructions due to tissue-type misclassifications in lesional areas. The ACT-based results were compared with those obtained using two commonly used probabilistic fiber tracking procedures, based on FSL (FMRIB Software Library) and MRtrix3 without ACT. All three procedures enabled a reliable localization of the optic radiation in both MS patients and controls. However, for FSL and MRtrix3 without ACT it was necessary to place an additional waypoint halfway between the lateral geniculate nucleus and the primary visual cortex to filter out anatomically implausible tracks. In the case of ACT, the results with and without an additional waypoint were virtually identical, presumably because the employed anatomical constraints already prevented the occurrence of the most implausible tracks. Irrespective of the employed tractography procedure, increased diffusivity and decreased anisotropy were found in the optic radiation of the MS patients compared to the controls. Anatomical constraints improve tractography of the optic radiation in MS. In MS, lesion mapping is essential to implement sensible anatomical constraints. Patients showed increased diffusivity and decreased anisotropy in the OR.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Horbruegger
- Department of Neurology, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Leipziger Straße 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - K Loewe
- Department of Neurology, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Leipziger Straße 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany; Department of Computer Science, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Universitätsplatz 2, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - J Kaufmann
- Department of Neurology, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Leipziger Straße 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - M Wagner
- Department of Ophthalmology, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Leipziger Straße 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - S Schippling
- Center for Neuroscience Zurich, Federal Institute of Technology (ETH), Zurich, Switzerland; GermanyNeuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Research, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich, Frauenklinikstrasse 26, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - M Pawlitzki
- Department of Neurology, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Leipziger Straße 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany; Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany.
| | - M A Schoenfeld
- Department of Neurology, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Leipziger Straße 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany; Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Brenneckestraße 6, 39118 Magdeburg, Germany; Kliniken Schmieder Heidelberg, Speyererhofweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
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Lateral geniculate nucleus volumetry at 3T and 7T: Four different optimized magnetic-resonance-imaging sequences evaluated against a 7T reference acquisition. Neuroimage 2018; 186:399-409. [PMID: 30342237 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2018.09.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Revised: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) is an essential nucleus of the visual pathway, occupying a small volume (60-160 mm3) among the other thalamic nuclei. The reported LGN volumes vary greatly across studies due to technical limitations and due to methodological differences of volume assessment. Yet, structural and anatomical alterations in ophthalmologic and neurodegenerative pathologies can only be revealed by a precise and reliable LGN representation. To improve LGN volume assessment, we first implemented a reference acquisition for LGN volume determination with optimized Contrast to Noise Ratio (CNR) and high spatial resolution. Next, we compared CNR efficiency and rating reliability of 3D Magnetization Prepared Rapid Gradient Echo (MPRAGE) images using white matter nulled (WMn) and grey matter nulled (GMn) sequences and its subtraction (WMn-GMn) relative to the clinical standard Proton Density Turbo Spin Echo (PD 2D TSE) and the reference acquisition. We hypothesized that 3D MPRAGE should provide a higher CNR and volume determination accuracy than the currently used 2D sequences. MATERIALS AND METHODS In 31 healthy subjects, we obtained at 3 and 7 T the following MR sequences: PD-TSE, MPRAGE with white/grey matter signal nulled (WMn/GMn), and a motion-corrected segmented MPRAGE sequence with a resolution of 0.4 × 0.4 × 0.4 mm3 (reference acquisition). To increase CNR, GMn were subtracted from WMn (WMn-GMn). Four investigators manually segmented the LGN independently. RESULTS The reference acquisition provided a very sharp depiction of the LGN and an estimated mean LGN volume of 124 ± 3.3 mm3. WMn-GMn had the highest CNR and gave the most reproducible LGN volume estimations between field strengths. Even with the highest CNR efficiency, PD-TSE gave inconsistent LGN volumes with the weakest reference acquisition correlation. The LGN WM rim induced a significant difference between LGN volumes estimated from WMn and GMn. WMn and GMn LGN volume estimations explained most of the reference acquisition volumes' variance. For all sequences, the volume rating reliability were good. On the other hand, the best CNR rating reliability, LGN volume and CNR correlations with the reference acquisition were obtained with GMn at 7 T. CONCLUSION WMn and GMn MPRAGE allow reliable LGN volume determination at both field strengths. The precise location and identification of the LGN (volume) can help to optimize neuroanatomical and neurophysiological studies, which involve the LGN structure. Our optimized imaging protocol may be used for clinical applications aiming at small nuclei volumetric and CNR quantification.
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Schmidt MA, Knott M, Heidemann R, Michelson G, Kober T, Dörfler A, Engelhorn T. Investigation of lateral geniculate nucleus volume and diffusion tensor imaging in patients with normal tension glaucoma using 7 tesla magnetic resonance imaging. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0198830. [PMID: 29879191 PMCID: PMC5991727 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0198830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 05/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background There is evidence that glaucoma is a neurodegenerative disease involving the whole visual pathway. We prospectively examined potential benefits of volumetry of the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) using a new 7T scanner. Methods 20 patients with normal tension glaucoma and 16 control individuals were examined. LGN volume and fractional anisotropy (FA) of the optic tract (OT) and the optic radiation (OR) and their correlation with RNFL (retinal nerve fiber layer) thickness were analyzed. Results LGN volume was significantly reduced in NTG (60.9 vs 88.3; p < 0.05). FA of the OT (right: 0.35 vs 0.66, left: 0.36 vs 0.67; p < 0.05) and of the OR (right: 0.41 vs 0.70, left: 0.41 vs 0.69; p < 0.05) was also significantly reduced. Nasal RNFL thickness correlated with the volume of the contralateral LGN (r = 0.471, p = 0.05). Temporal RNFL thickness correlated with the volume of the ipsilateral LGN (r = 0.603, p = 0.015). Conclusion NTG leads to significant atrophy of the LGN compared to controls. FA of the optic tract and the optic radiation is reduced in NTG as sign of axonal degeneration. RNFL thickness but not FA correlates with LGN volume.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel A. Schmidt
- Department of Neuroradiology, University Hospital Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schwabachanlage 6, Erlangen, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Michael Knott
- Department of Neuroradiology, University Hospital Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schwabachanlage 6, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Robin Heidemann
- Siemens Healthcare GmbH, Diagnostic Imaging, MR Technology & Research Systems, Allee am Röthelheimpark 2, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Georg Michelson
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schwabachanlage 6, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Tobias Kober
- Advanced Clinical Imaging Technology (HC CMEA SUI DI BM PI), Siemens Healthcare AG, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Arnd Dörfler
- Department of Neuroradiology, University Hospital Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schwabachanlage 6, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Tobias Engelhorn
- Department of Neuroradiology, University Hospital Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schwabachanlage 6, Erlangen, Germany
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Graph theoretical analysis reveals the reorganization of the brain network pattern in primary open angle glaucoma patients. Eur Radiol 2016; 26:3957-3967. [DOI: 10.1007/s00330-016-4221-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2015] [Revised: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 01/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Structural brain alterations in primary open angle glaucoma: a 3T MRI study. Sci Rep 2016; 6:18969. [PMID: 26743811 PMCID: PMC4705520 DOI: 10.1038/srep18969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Glaucoma is not only an eye disease but is also associated with degeneration of brain structures. We now investigated the pattern of visual and non-visual brain structural changes in 25 primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) patients and 25 age-gender-matched normal controls using T1-weighted imaging. MRI images were subjected to volume-based analysis (VBA) and surface-based analysis (SBA) in the whole brain as well as ROI-based analysis of the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN), visual cortex (V1/2), amygdala and hippocampus. While VBA showed no significant differences in the gray matter volumes of patients, SBA revealed significantly reduced cortical thickness in the right frontal pole and ROI-based analysis volume shrinkage in LGN bilaterally, right V1 and left amygdala. Structural abnormalities were correlated with clinical parameters in a subset of the patients revealing that the left LGN volume was negatively correlated with bilateral cup-to-disk ratio (CDR), the right LGN volume was positively correlated with the mean deviation of the right visual hemifield, and the right V1 cortical thickness was negatively correlated with the right CDR in glaucoma. These results demonstrate that POAG affects both vision-related structures and non-visual cortical regions. Moreover, alterations of the brain visual structures reflect the clinical severity of glaucoma.
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