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Braun AR, Kochen NN, Yuen SL, Liao EE, Cornea RL, Thomas DD, Sachs JN. Advancements in a FRET Biosensor for Live-Cell Fluorescence-Lifetime High-Throughput Screening of Alpha-Synuclein. ASN Neuro 2023; 15:17590914231184086. [PMID: 37428128 PMCID: PMC10338669 DOI: 10.1177/17590914231184086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a critical need for small molecules capable of rescuing pathophysiological phenotypes induced by alpha-synuclein (aSyn) misfolding and oligomerization. Building upon our previous aSyn cellular fluorescence lifetime (FLT)-Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) biosensors, we have developed an inducible cell model incorporating the red-shifted mCyRFP1/mMaroon1 (OFP/MFP) FRET pair. This new aSyn FRET biosensor improves the signal-to-noise ratio, reduces nonspecific background FRET, and results in a 4-fold increase (transient transfection) and 2-fold increase (stable, inducible cell lines) in FRET signal relative to our previous GFP/RFP aSyn biosensors. The inducible system institutes greater temporal control and scalability, allowing for fine-tuning of biosensor expression and minimizes cellular cytotoxicity due to overexpression of aSyn. Using these inducible aSyn-OFP/MFP biosensors, we screened the Selleck library of 2684 commercially available, FDA-approved compounds and identified proanthocyanidins and casanthranol as novel hits. Secondary assays validated the ability of these compounds to modulate aSyn FLT-FRET. Functional assays probing cellular cytotoxicity and aSyn fibrillization demonstrated their capability to inhibit seeded aSyn fibrillization. Proanthocyanidins completely rescued aSyn fibril-induced cellular toxicity with EC50 of 200 nM and casanthranol supported a 85.5% rescue with a projected EC50 of 34.2 μM. Furthermore, proanthocyanidins provide a valuable tool compound to validate our aSyn biosensor performance in future high-throughput screening campaigns of industrial-scale (million-compound) chemical libraries.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Razvan L. Cornea
- University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Photonic Pharma LLC, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - David D. Thomas
- University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Photonic Pharma LLC, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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2
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Shannon KM. Gut-Derived Sterile Inflammation and Parkinson's Disease. Front Neurol 2022; 13:831090. [PMID: 35422756 PMCID: PMC9001909 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.831090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The etiology of Parkinson's disease (PD) is unknown, but evidence is increasing that there is a prominent inflammatory component to the illness. Epidemiological, genetic, and preclinical evidence support a role for gut-derived sterile inflammation. Pro-inflammatory bacteria are over-represented in the PD gut microbiota. There is evidence for decreased gut barrier function and leak of bacterial antigen across the gut epithelium with sub-mucosal inflammation and systemic exposure to the bacterial endotoxin lipopolysaccharide. Preclinical evidence supports these clinical findings and suggests that systemic inflammation can affect the CNS through vagal pathways or the systemic circulation. We will review recent preclinical and clinical evidence to support this mechanism and suggest possible treatments directed at the gut-brain axis.
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Pathogenic LRRK2 requires secondary factors to induce cellular toxicity. Biosci Rep 2021; 40:226517. [PMID: 32975566 PMCID: PMC7560525 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20202225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathogenic mutations in the leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) gene belong to the most common genetic causes of inherited Parkinson’s disease (PD) and variations in its locus increase the risk to develop sporadic PD. Extensive research efforts aimed at understanding how changes in the LRRK2 function result in molecular alterations that ultimately lead to PD. Cellular LRRK2-based models revealed several potential pathophysiological mechanisms including apoptotic cell death, LRRK2 protein accumulation and deficits in neurite outgrowth. However, highly variable outcomes between different cellular models have been reported. Here, we have investigated the effect of different experimental conditions, such as the use of different tags and gene transfer methods, in various cellular LRRK2 models. Readouts included cell death, sensitivity to oxidative stress, LRRK2 relocalization, α-synuclein aggregation and neurite outgrowth in cell culture, as well as neurite maintenance in vivo. We show that overexpression levels and/or the tag fused to LRRK2 affect the relocalization of LRRK2 to filamentous and skein-like structures. We found that overexpression of LRRK2 per se is not sufficient to induce cellular toxicity or to affect α-synuclein-induced toxicity and aggregate formation. Finally, neurite outgrowth/retraction experiments in cell lines and in vivo revealed that secondary, yet unknown, factors are required for the pathogenic LRRK2 effects on neurite length. Our findings stress the importance of technical and biological factors in LRRK2-induced cellular phenotypes and hence imply that conclusions based on these types of LRRK2-based assays should be interpreted with caution.
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ATP13A2 Regulates Cellular α-Synuclein Multimerization, Membrane Association, and Externalization. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22052689. [PMID: 33799982 PMCID: PMC7962109 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
ATP13A2, a late endo-/lysosomal polyamine transporter, is implicated in a variety of neurodegenerative diseases, including Parkinson’s disease and Kufor–Rakeb syndrome, an early-onset atypical form of parkinsonism. Loss-of-function mutations in ATP13A2 result in lysosomal deficiency as a consequence of impaired lysosomal export of the polyamines spermine/spermidine. Furthermore, accumulating evidence suggests the involvement of ATP13A2 in regulating the fate of α-synuclein, such as cytoplasmic accumulation and external release. However, no consensus has yet been reached on the mechanisms underlying these effects. Here, we aimed to gain more insight into how ATP13A2 is linked to α-synuclein biology in cell models with modified ATP13A2 activity. We found that loss of ATP13A2 impairs lysosomal membrane integrity and induces α-synuclein multimerization at the membrane, which is enhanced in conditions of oxidative stress or exposure to spermine. In contrast, overexpression of ATP13A2 wildtype (WT) had a protective effect on α-synuclein multimerization, which corresponded with reduced αsyn membrane association and stimulation of the ubiquitin-proteasome system. We also found that ATP13A2 promoted the secretion of α-synuclein through nanovesicles. Interestingly, the catalytically inactive ATP13A2 D508N mutant also affected polyubiquitination and externalization of α-synuclein multimers, suggesting a regulatory function independent of the ATPase and transport activity. In conclusion, our study demonstrates the impact of ATP13A2 on α-synuclein multimerization via polyamine transport dependent and independent functions.
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5
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Internalization of α-synuclein oligomers into SH-SY5Y cells. Biophys J 2021; 120:877-885. [PMID: 33515601 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2020.12.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Aggregates of misfolded α-synuclein are a distinctive feature of Parkinson's disease. Small oligomers of α-synuclein are thought to be an important neurotoxic agent, and α-synuclein aggregates exhibit prion-like behavior, propagating misfolding between cells. α-Synuclein is internalized by both passive diffusion and active uptake mechanisms, but how uptake varies with the size of the oligomer is less clear. We explored how α-synuclein internalization into live SH-SY5Y cells varied with oligomer size by comparing the uptake of fluorescently labeled monomers to that of engineered tandem dimers and tetramers. We found that these α-synuclein constructs were internalized primarily through endocytosis. Oligomer size had little effect on their internalization pathway, whether they were added individually or together. Measurements of co-localization of the α-synuclein constructs with fluorescent markers for early endosomes and lysosomes showed that most of the α-synuclein entered endocytic compartments, in which they were probably degraded. Treatment of the cells with the Pitstop inhibitor suggested that most of the oligomers were internalized by the clathrin-mediated pathway.
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Taguchi T, Ikuno M, Hondo M, Parajuli LK, Taguchi K, Ueda J, Sawamura M, Okuda S, Nakanishi E, Hara J, Uemura N, Hatanaka Y, Ayaki T, Matsuzawa S, Tanaka M, El-Agnaf OMA, Koike M, Yanagisawa M, Uemura MT, Yamakado H, Takahashi R. α-Synuclein BAC transgenic mice exhibit RBD-like behaviour and hyposmia: a prodromal Parkinson's disease model. Brain 2020; 143:249-265. [PMID: 31816026 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awz380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease is one of the most common movement disorders and is characterized by dopaminergic cell loss and the accumulation of pathological α-synuclein, but its precise pathogenetic mechanisms remain elusive. To develop disease-modifying therapies for Parkinson's disease, an animal model that recapitulates the pathology and symptoms of the disease, especially in the prodromal stage, is indispensable. As subjects with α-synuclein gene (SNCA) multiplication as well as point mutations develop familial Parkinson's disease and a genome-wide association study in Parkinson's disease has identified SNCA as a risk gene for Parkinson's disease, the increased expression of α-synuclein is closely associated with the aetiology of Parkinson's disease. In this study we generated bacterial artificial chromosome transgenic mice harbouring SNCA and its gene expression regulatory regions in order to maintain the native expression pattern of α-synuclein. Furthermore, to enhance the pathological properties of α-synuclein, we inserted into SNCA an A53T mutation, two single-nucleotide polymorphisms identified in a genome-wide association study in Parkinson's disease and a Rep1 polymorphism, all of which are causal of familial Parkinson's disease or increase the risk of sporadic Parkinson's disease. These A53T SNCA bacterial artificial chromosome transgenic mice showed an expression pattern of human α-synuclein very similar to that of endogenous mouse α-synuclein. They expressed truncated, oligomeric and proteinase K-resistant phosphorylated forms of α-synuclein in the regions that are specifically affected in Parkinson's disease and/or dementia with Lewy bodies, including the olfactory bulb, cerebral cortex, striatum and substantia nigra. Surprisingly, these mice exhibited rapid eye movement (REM) sleep without atonia, which is a key feature of REM sleep behaviour disorder, at as early as 5 months of age. Consistent with this observation, the REM sleep-regulating neuronal populations in the lower brainstem, including the sublaterodorsal tegmental nucleus, nuclei in the ventromedial medullary reticular formation and the pedunculopontine nuclei, expressed phosphorylated α-synuclein. In addition, they also showed hyposmia at 9 months of age, which is consistent with the significant accumulation of phosphorylated α-synuclein in the olfactory bulb. The dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta degenerated, and their number was decreased in an age-dependent manner by up to 17.1% at 18 months of age compared to wild-type, although the mice did not show any related locomotor dysfunction. In conclusion, we created a novel mouse model of prodromal Parkinson's disease that showed RBD-like behaviour and hyposmia without motor symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoyuki Taguchi
- Department of Neurology Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masashi Ikuno
- Department of Neurology Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Mari Hondo
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), The University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Laxmi Kumar Parajuli
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Katsutoshi Taguchi
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Jun Ueda
- Department of Neurology Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masanori Sawamura
- Department of Neurology Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shinya Okuda
- Department of Neurology Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Etsuro Nakanishi
- Department of Neurology Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Junko Hara
- Department of Neurology Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Norihito Uemura
- Department of Neurology Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yusuke Hatanaka
- Department of Neurology Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takashi Ayaki
- Department of Neurology Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shuichi Matsuzawa
- Department of Neurology Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masaki Tanaka
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Omar M A El-Agnaf
- Neurological Disorders Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Masato Koike
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masashi Yanagisawa
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), The University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Maiko T Uemura
- Department of Neurology Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hodaka Yamakado
- Department of Neurology Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Takahashi
- Department of Neurology Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
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7
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Grandi LC, Di Giovanni G, Galati S. Reprint of “Animal models of early-stage Parkinson's disease and acute dopamine deficiency to study compensatory neurodegenerative mechanisms”. J Neurosci Methods 2018; 310:75-88. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2018.10.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Revised: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Cacciatore I, Marinelli L, Di Stefano A, Di Marco V, Orlando G, Gabriele M, Gatta DMP, Ferrone A, Franceschelli S, Speranza L, Patruno A. Chelating and antioxidant properties of l-Dopa containing tetrapeptide for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. Neuropeptides 2018; 71:11-20. [PMID: 29937392 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2018.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Revised: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases share a common pathogenetic mechanism involving aggregation and deposition of misfolded proteins, oxidative stress, metal dyshomeostasis, and glutamate exicitotoxicity, which lead to progressive dysfunction of central nervous system (CNS). A potential strategy to counteract these deleterious events at neuronal level is represented by the employment of a novel class of multi-target therapeutic agents that selectively and simultaneously hit these targets In this paper, we report the metal binding and antioxidant properties of a novel metal-protein attenuating peptide, GSH-LD, a tetrapeptide obtained by linking glutathione, a well-known antioxidant tripeptide, to L-Dopa. Results demonstrated that GSH-LD possesses chelating capabilities in order to selectively target the excess of metals without interfere with metal-containing antioxidant enzymes. Moreover, antioxidant assays revealed a large contribution of GSH-LD to restore the antioxidant defences of damaged neuronal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Cacciatore
- Department of Pharmacy, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Scalo (Chieti), Italy.
| | - Lisa Marinelli
- Department of Pharmacy, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Scalo (Chieti), Italy
| | - Antonio Di Stefano
- Department of Pharmacy, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Scalo (Chieti), Italy
| | - Valerio Di Marco
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Giustino Orlando
- Department of Pharmacy, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Scalo (Chieti), Italy
| | - Mirko Gabriele
- Department of Pharmacy, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Scalo (Chieti), Italy; Thermo Fisher Scientific, via Morolense 5, 03013 Ferentino (Frosinone), Italy
| | - Daniela Maria Pia Gatta
- Department of Medicine and Aging Science, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Scalo (Chieti), Italy
| | - Alessio Ferrone
- Department of Medicine and Aging Science, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Scalo (Chieti), Italy
| | - Sara Franceschelli
- Department of Medicine and Aging Science, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Scalo (Chieti), Italy
| | - Lorenza Speranza
- Department of Medicine and Aging Science, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Scalo (Chieti), Italy
| | - Antonia Patruno
- Department of Medicine and Aging Science, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Scalo (Chieti), Italy
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9
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Grandi LC, Di Giovanni G, Galati S. Animal models of early-stage Parkinson's disease and acute dopamine deficiency to study compensatory neurodegenerative mechanisms. J Neurosci Methods 2018; 308:205-218. [PMID: 30107207 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2018.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Revised: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease is a common neurodegenerative disease characterized by a widely variety of motor and non-motor symptoms. While the motor deficits are only visible following a severe dopamine depletion, neurodegenerative process and some non-motor symptoms are manifested years before the motor deficits. Importantly, chronic degeneration of dopaminergic neurons leads to the development of compensatory mechanisms that play roles in the progression of the disease and the response to anti-parkinsonian therapies. The identification of these mechanisms will be of great importance for improving our understanding of factors with important contributions to the disease course and the underlying adaptive process. To date, most of the data obtained from animal models reflect the late, chronic, dopamine-depleted states, when compensatory mechanisms have already been established. Thus, adequate animal models with which researchers are able to dissect early- and late-phase mechanisms are necessary. Here, we reviewed the literature related to animal models of early-stage PD and pharmacological treatments capable of inducing acute dopamine impairments and/or depletion, such as reserpine, haloperidol and tetrodotoxin. We highlighted the advantages, limitations and the future prospective uses of these models, as well as their applications in the identification of novel agents for treating this neurological disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Clara Grandi
- Laboratory for Biomedical Neurosciences, Neurocenter of Southern Switzerland, Switzerland
| | - Giuseppe Di Giovanni
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Malta, Malta; Neuroscience Division, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.
| | - Salvatore Galati
- Laboratory for Biomedical Neurosciences, Neurocenter of Southern Switzerland, Switzerland.
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10
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Barata D, Spennati G, Correia C, Ribeiro N, Harink B, van Blitterswijk C, Habibovic P, van Rijt S. Development of a shear stress-free microfluidic gradient generator capable of quantitatively analyzing single-cell morphology. Biomed Microdevices 2017; 19:81. [PMID: 28884359 PMCID: PMC5589786 DOI: 10.1007/s10544-017-0222-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Microfluidics, the science of engineering fluid streams at the micrometer scale, offers unique tools for creating and controlling gradients of soluble compounds. Gradient generation can be used to recreate complex physiological microenvironments, but is also useful for screening purposes. For example, in a single experiment, adherent cells can be exposed to a range of concentrations of the compound of interest, enabling high-content analysis of cell behaviour and enhancing throughput. In this study, we present the development of a microfluidic screening platform where, by means of diffusion, gradients of soluble compounds can be generated and sustained. This platform enables the culture of adherent cells under shear stress-free conditions, and their exposure to a soluble compound in a concentration gradient-wise manner. The platform consists of five serial cell culture chambers, all coupled to two lateral fluid supply channels that are used for gradient generation through a source-sink mechanism. Furthermore, an additional inlet and outlet are used for cell seeding inside the chambers. Finite element modeling was used for the optimization of the design of the platform and for validation of the dynamics of gradient generation. Then, as a proof-of-concept, human osteosarcoma MG-63 cells were cultured inside the platform and exposed to a gradient of Cytochalasin D, an actin polymerization inhibitor. This set-up allowed us to analyze cell morphological changes over time, including cell area and eccentricity measurements, as a function of Cytochalasin D concentration by using fluorescence image-based cytometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Barata
- Department of Tissue Regeneration, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE, Enschede, The Netherlands.,Department of Instructive Biomaterials Engineering, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200, MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Giulia Spennati
- Department of Tissue Regeneration, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Cristina Correia
- Department of Tissue Regeneration, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Nelson Ribeiro
- Instituto de Engenharia Mecânica, Laboratório Associado de Energia, Transportes e Aeronáutica, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Björn Harink
- Department of Tissue Regeneration, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Clemens van Blitterswijk
- Department of Tissue Regeneration, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE, Enschede, The Netherlands.,Department of Complex Tissue Regeneration, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200, MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Pamela Habibovic
- Department of Tissue Regeneration, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE, Enschede, The Netherlands.,Department of Instructive Biomaterials Engineering, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200, MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Sabine van Rijt
- Department of Instructive Biomaterials Engineering, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200, MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
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11
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Xicoy H, Wieringa B, Martens GJM. The SH-SY5Y cell line in Parkinson's disease research: a systematic review. Mol Neurodegener 2017; 12:10. [PMID: 28118852 PMCID: PMC5259880 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-017-0149-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 542] [Impact Index Per Article: 77.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a devastating and highly prevalent neurodegenerative disease for which only symptomatic treatment is available. In order to develop a truly effective disease-modifying therapy, improvement of our current understanding of the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying PD pathogenesis and progression is crucial. For this purpose, standardization of research protocols and disease models is necessary. As human dopaminergic neurons, the cells mainly affected in PD, are difficult to obtain and maintain as primary cells, current PD research is mostly performed with permanently established neuronal cell models, in particular the neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y lineage. This cell line is frequently chosen because of its human origin, catecholaminergic (though not strictly dopaminergic) neuronal properties, and ease of maintenance. However, there is no consensus on many fundamental aspects that are associated with its use, such as the effects of culture media composition and of variations in differentiation protocols. Here we present the outcome of a systematic review of scientific articles that have used SH-SY5Y cells to explore PD. We describe the cell source, culture conditions, differentiation protocols, methods/approaches used to mimic PD and the preclinical validation of the SH-SY5Y findings by employing alternative cellular and animal models. Thus, this overview may help to standardize the use of the SH-SY5Y cell line in PD research and serve as a future user’s guide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Xicoy
- Department of Cell Biology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Department of Molecular Animal Physiology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Bé Wieringa
- Department of Cell Biology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Gerard J M Martens
- Department of Molecular Animal Physiology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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12
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Wang C, Yang X, Mellick GD, Feng Y. Meeting the Challenge: Using Cytological Profiling to Discover Chemical Probes from Traditional Chinese Medicines against Parkinson's Disease. ACS Chem Neurosci 2016; 7:1628-1634. [PMID: 27736095 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.6b00245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is an incurable neurodegenerative disorder with a high prevalence rate worldwide. The fact that there are currently no proven disease-modifying treatments for PD underscores the urgency for a more comprehensive understanding of the underlying disease mechanism. Chemical probes have been proven to be powerful tools for studying biological processes. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) contains a huge reservoir of bioactive small molecules as potential chemical probes that may hold the key to unlocking the mystery of PD biology. The TCM-sourced chemical approach to PD biology can be advanced through the use of an emerging cytological profiling (CP) technique that allows unbiased characterization of small molecules and their cellular responses. This comprehensive technique, applied to chemical probe identification from TCM and used for studying the molecular mechanisms underlying PD, may inform future therapeutic target selection and provide a new perspective to PD drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wang
- Eskitis Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Xinzhou Yang
- College of Pharmacy, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - George D. Mellick
- Eskitis Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Yunjiang Feng
- Eskitis Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia
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